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Lot 489
Viking Bronze Decorated Bearded Axe Pendant 10th-12th century AD. A miniature axehead with a pierced straight-edged blade and horn to the inner edge; the thick facetted neck pierced for suspension; punched motifs to the blade. 15 grams, 49mm (2"). Property of a gentleman; acquired in the 1990s. Cf. Griciuviene, E. Žiemgaliai. The Semigalians, Vilnius, 2005, item 1114. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 49
Bronze Age British 'Caverton' Type Flanged Axehead 1550-1450 BC. A substantial axehead with straight butt extending to two lateral flanges to each face, broad flared blade with convex cutting edge. 573 grams, 16cm (6 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, sale 15215, lot 294 (part), 26 April 2007, from the estate of Hugh Stanley Russell, Malvern, UK; collected 1950-1970. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.78-9. Sir Richard Ground notes that the axehead is very sharply moulded but has been cleaned. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Extremely fine condition.
Lot 490
Viking Bronze Decorated Bearded Axe Pendant 10th-12th century AD. A miniature axehead with a straight-edged blade and horn to the inner edge; the thick neck pierced for suspension; punched motifs to the blade. 16 grams, 50mm (2"). Private collection, UK; formed in the 1980s. Cf. Griciuviene, E. Žiemgaliai. The Semigalians, Vilnius, 2005, item 1114. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 491
Viking Bronze Decorated Bearded Axe Pendant 10th-12th century AD. A miniature axehead with a pierced straight-edged blade and horn to the inner edge; the thick neck pierced for suspension; punched motifs to the blade and neck. 11 grams, 44mm (1 3/4"). Property of a gentleman; acquired in the 1990s. Cf. Griciuviene, E. Žiemgaliai. The Semigalians, Vilnius, 2005, item 1114. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 492
Viking Large Bronze Sword Chape 11th century AD. A long lentoid-section tapering sleeve with integral stub foot, scooped upper edge; raised palmette motif to the edges of the lower panel, similar to the upper border. 75 grams, 12cm (4 3/4"). Property of a German collector; acquired in the 1990s. Cf. Paulsen, P. Schwertortbänder der Wikingerzeit. Ein Betrag zur Frühgeschichte Osteuropas, Stuttgart, 1953, items 107, 110. Fine condition; repaired.
Lot 493
Viking Bronze Sword Chape 11th century AD. A lentoid-section tapering sleeve with scooped upper edge; four-band border to the upper edge, scooped lower panel with pellets and canted incised lines, vertical raised linear extension to beast-head finial; the vertical line with pellet detail, punched pellets and ring-and-dot motifs to the edges. 56 grams, 84mm (3 1/4"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. Cf. Paulsen, P. Schwertortbänder der Wikingerzeit. Ein Betrag zur Frühgeschichte Osteuropas, Stuttgart, 1953, item 116. Fine condition; one finial absent.
Lot 497
Viking Gilt-Bronze Sword Belt Distributor 10th-11th century AD. A discoid plaque with three D-shaped slots, central boss with radiating panels and knop finial. 6.76 grams, 33mm (1 1/4"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. Cf. MacGregor, A. et al. A Summary Catalogue of the Continental Archaeological Collections, Oxford, 1997, item 24.1. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 5
Bronze Age 'Carpathian' Flange-Hilted Sword Carpathian Basin, 1000-850 BC. A leaf-shaped blade with central flat-section rib, rounded shoulder with four rivet holes, slightly expanded septum with central rivet hole; raised flanges to the hilt with notch ornamented edges; blade tip blunted and extremity of hilt absent. 434 grams, 49cm (19 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired London gallery 2004; previously with Christie's, sale 5524, lot 17 (part); ex Axel Guttman Collection, AG 1034. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, items 342, 343. Sir Richard Ground notes that this was his first sword acquisition, from 15th July 2004. It came with a label 'Ungarrn (sic) - Carpatenbecken'. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 50
Bronze Age British 'Arreton' Type Flanged Axehead 1750-1550 BC. A sturdy axehead with parallel sides, broad flared blade with very broad convex cutting edge, hammered lateral flanges, thin curved butt. 297 grams, 12.5cm, (5"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Leicestershire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 44; Moore, C.N. & Rowlands, M. Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Salisbury, 1972, items 6, 8; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.72-5. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 502
Viking Bronze Buckle with Bears' Faces 10th-12th century AD. A miniature buckle with round-section loop, flat-section triangular tongue, shoulders formed as opposed bears' heads. 5.0 grams, 22mm (1"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 503
Viking Bronze Hook Fastener with Face 10th-12th century AD. A cast D-shaped convex plaque with hooked 'beak', large discoid eyes with ribbed frame, three sewing loops to the upper edge. 4.98 grams, 33mm (1 1/4"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 508
Viking Bronze Zoomorphic Belt Stiffener 10th-12th century AD. A flat-section bar and profile beast-head finial with snarling mouth; band of running-scroll enamel detail to the bar; three rivets to the reverse, one with rove. 11 grams, 79mm (3 1/4"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. Fine condition.
Lot 51
Bronze Age British 'Arreton' Type Flanged Axehead 1750-1550 BC. A sturdy, small axehead with slightly waisted sides, flared broad blade with convex cutting edge, median bevel, integrally cast lateral flanges, curved butt. 120 grams, 86mm (3 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found near River Test, Eastleigh, Hampshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 10; Moore, C.N. & Rowlands, M. Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Salisbury, 1972, item 6; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.72. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 511
Viking Bronze Mount with Ravens 10th-12th century AD. A cast discoid plaque with pelletted border, pair of addorsed ravens in low relief; pierced. 3.33 grams, 27mm (1"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. The two ravens are probably the ones who were sacred to Odin called Hugin and Munin (Thought and Memory) who flew around the world each day and returned to report to Odin all that they had seen. [No Reserve] Fair condition; two fragments absent.
Lot 512
Viking Bronze Sun-Wheel Shield Plaque 9th-11th century AD. A convex disc with repoussé ornament of a central boss and curved radiating lines, each terminating in a pierced pellet; hook to the reverse. 21 grams, 73mm (3"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. [No Reserve] Fine condition, edge cracked and torn.
Lot 513
Viking Bronze Wolf's Head Strap Mount 9th-12th century AD. A cast plaque of a facing beast-head with openwork loops above, recurved extension to the rear, rivetted at the upper end; Baltic workmanship. 8.86 grams, 37mm (1 1/2"). Private collection, UK; formed in the 1980s. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.
Lot 516
Viking Gilt-Bronze Stirrup Mount with Stylised Dragons 10th-12th century AD. A cast openwork stirrup mount (?) with palmette outline, opposed beasts within the ornament; punched pellet texturing and pierced in several places for attachment; flat reverse. 17 grams, 44mm (1 3/4"). Property of a German collector; acquired in the 1990s. Very fine condition.
Lot 518
Viking Bronze Horse-Harness Pendant with Dragons 10th-11th century AD. A flat-section cast harness pendant with hinge to the upper edge, lozengiform body with openwork scrolls, two opposed beast-heads in Ringerike Style; loop lost in antiquity. 16 grams, 41mm (1 3/4"). Found Alford, Lincolnshire, UK. Cf. Williams, D. Anglo-Scandinavian Horse Harness Fittings, Finds Research Group Datasheet no.39, fig.7. Fine condition.
Lot 52
Bronze Age British 'Lisset' Type Flanged Axehead 1600-1300 BC. A substantial wing-flanged axehead with broad flared blade and convex cutting edge, lateral rhomboid slightly inturned flanges; shallow facet to the blade. 315 grams, 13cm (5"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Burton Agnes, North Yorkshire, UK, 2008. Cf.Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.100-4. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.
Lot 520
Viking Bronze Openwork Firesteel with Horsemen 10th century AD. A cast openwork plaque with socket to the lower edge; the plaque comprising an addorsed pair of horsemen on a billetted base, the loop formed at the junction of their heads; steel absent, loop not fully closed. 25 grams, 63mm (2 1/2"). Property of a German collector; acquired in the 1990s. Cf. Lehtosalo-Hilander, P-L., Luistari II The Artefacts, Helsinki, 1982, fig.21. Very fine condition.
Lot 525
Viking Bronze Dragon-Head Staff Terminal 11th-12th century AD. A hollow-cast tapered tubular socket with finial of a beast's head with gaping mouth, snub muzzle, c-shaped ears, loop above. 16 grams, 35mm (1 1/2"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. Fine condition.
Lot 53
Bronze Age British 'Ulrome' Type Flanged Axehead 1700-1500 BC. A small flanged axehead with eccentric square butt and broad flared blade with convex cutting edge, facetted rhomboidal lateral flanges. 223 grams, 11cm (4 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; believed found Lincolnshire, UK. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.94-8. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, slight loss to edge tip.
Lot 54
Bronze Age British 'Caverton' Type Flanged Axehead 1550-1450 BC. A substantial axehead with curved butt extending to two lateral flanges to each face, expanding broad blade with convex cutting edge and facet. 432 grams, 15.5cm (6"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, sale 15215, lot 294 (part), 26 April 2007; from the estate of Hugh Stanley Rusell, collected 1950-1970. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.78-9. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 548
Greek Bronze Seal Ring with Sphinx 5th-3rd century BC. A round-section hoop with saddle-shaped bezel, granules above the shoulders; rectangular upper face with intaglio figure of a winged sphinx, text above. 14 grams, 23mm overall, 18.41mm internal diameter (approximate size British Q, USA 8 1/4, Europe 18.0, Japan 17) (1"). From an important London collection; acquired in the 1970s. Fine condition.
Lot 55
Bronze Age British Flanged Axe 1750-1550 BC. A substantial short-flanged axehead with slight facetting to the flanges, rounded butt, crescentic blade with convex cutting edge. 428 grams, 13.5cm (5 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006; found Norfolk, UK. See Allen, I.M., Britton, D. & Coghlan, H.H. Metallurgical Reports on British and Irish Bronze Age Weapons in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Occasional Paper of Technology no.10, Oxford, 1970, p.142. Sir Richard Ground notes that there are no satisfactory parallels to the axehead in Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981 but it may be an Irish type, citing no. 63 in Allen et al, 1970. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; edge blunted from use.
Lot 56
Bronze Age British Primary Shield Pattern Palstave Axehead 1400-1000 BC. A palstave type axe with rounded butt developing to two lateral flanges on each face extending past the ledge stop to form the shield-shaped enclosure with a transverse rib extending to the blade facet; broad convex cutting edge. 345 grams, 14.5cm (5 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, items 60, 79; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 780. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, edge slightly chipped from use.
Lot 57
Bronze Age British Primary Shield Pattern Palstave Axehead 1400-1000 BC. A palstave with straight, narrow butt developing to two high lateral flanges on each face extending past the ledge stop to form the shield-shaped enclosure; the blade with facet and broad convex cutting edge. 416 grams, 16.5cm (6 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2010. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 59; Moore, C.N. & Rowlands, M. Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Salisbury, 1972, item 15; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, items 770-87. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.
Lot 58
Bronze Age British Primary Shield Pattern Palstave Axehead 1400-1000 BC. A substantial palstave with square butt developing to two lateral flanges on each face extending past the ledge stop to form the shield-shaped enclosure; blade facet and broad convex cutting edge. 438 grams, 15.5cm (6"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Botesdale, Suffolk, UK, 1993. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, items 60, 79; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 780. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, some pitting and edge nicked from use.
Lot 59
Bronze Age British Looped and Ribbed Palstave Axehead 1200-800 BC. A substantial palstave with square butt, flared blade convex cutting edge, with lateral flanges, median rib with two shorter lateral ribs; ribbed surface to the rear of the stop; lateral loop lost in antiquity. 398 grams, 16cm (6 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2005; found West Sussex, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 77. Sir Richard Ground notes that the form is 'hard to match to anything in Schmidt & Burgess' (i.e. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981"). Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 599
Stone Age British Knapped Flint Halberd Neolithic, 3000-2000 BC. A bifacial hooked halberd blade, in a dark grey-brown transluscent flint, the curved edges carefully shaped, with some possibly later retouching resulting in a notch to the concave edge. 62 grams, 13cm (5"). Property of a gentleman, by descent from the vendor's father, who formed his collection in the 1990s; found County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, UK, in 1952. Cf. O'Riordain, The Halberd in Bronze Age Europe, (Archaeologia 86), fig. 40, for other Irish examples. Similar blades in flint for transverse hafting are rare finds; it is suggested that they were more for ceremonial than practical use due to their fragility; there is also a suggestion that the well known Bronze Age halberd blades evolved from flint originals (cf. Schuhmacher, Thomas X., Some Remarks on the Origin and Chronology of Halberds in Europe, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 21(3), pp. 263-288 for discussion; printout offered with this lot) and Ireland seems to have been the likely origin of the general bronze type, from circa 2300 BC. Very fine condition. Extremely rare.
Lot 6
Bronze Age British Ewart Park Type Sword 800-700 BC. A waisted blade with thick central rib, inset ricassi, angled straight-edged shoulders, thick flanges to the outer edges of the hilt, T-shaped terminal; two median rivet holes to the septum, one with rivet in situ and location for a third, unopened; two rivet holes to the shoulder and four above, also unopened; the edge deliberately and heavily notched. 469 grams, 45cm (17 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Valued History, Norwich, 2010. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 345; Savory, H.N. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections,Cardiff, 1980, item 249; Burgess, C. & Colquhoun, I. The Swords of Britain, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IV, vol. 5, Munich, 1988, p.55ff. The sword has been deliberately 'sacrificed', put beyond use in the world of men, as part of some ritual of closure, probably associated with the death of the owner. The blade has been bent and the edges of the lower third of the blade deliberately notched, perhaps with an axe. The hilt was bent over at a sharp angle; Sir Richard attempted to straighten it and in so doing broke the terminal off at the upper rivet hole. He later repaired it and attempted to lessen the angle. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, deliberately sacrificed, bent in antiquity, tip of hilt repaired.
Lot 60
Bronze Age British Looped Palstave Axehead 1200-800 BC. A small, sturdy palstave with short blade and shallow convex cutting edge, square butt, square stop, long lateral loop. 381 grams, 14cm (5 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2005; found near Aston Tirrold, Oxfordshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 74 with proportionately longer blade; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 914. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, interesting casting flaw to one flange.
Lot 602
Bronze Age Solid Gold Bracelet Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1000 BC. A penannular round-section bracelet with square-cut ends. 76 grams, 69mm (2 3/4"). Property of a North London collector; acquired in the 1970s. See Taylor, J.T. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge, 1980. Extremely fine condition.
Lot 603
Bronze Age Gold Hair Ring 2nd millennium BC. A square-section coiled rod with rounded, tapered ends. 11 grams, 36mm (1 1/2"). From the collection of a noble Russian family, by descent. Cf. Taylor, J.T. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge, 1980, plate 33a. Very fine condition; small stress crack to inner face.
Lot 604
Bronze Age Gold Spiral Band 2nd millennium BC. A round-section wire looped band, coiled and returned, with twisted section to one end and trefoil profile. 9.34 grams, 41mm (1 3/4"). Private collection, North London; acquired in the early 1980s; ex Russian collection. Extremely fine condition.
Lot 605
Bronze Age Gold Penannular Adornment 10th-5th century BC. A substantial penannular ornamental fastener tapering to each end, with opposed trumpet terminals. 12 grams, 18mm (3/4"). From a central London collection formed between 1990-2000. Cf. Taylor, J.T. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge, 1980, plate 47. Extremely fine condition.
Lot 61
Bronze Age British Looped Palstave Axehead 1200-800 BC. A small, low-flanged palstave with square butt, triangular blade with slightly convex cutting edge, deep lateral flanges, stop and median rib; loop to the side; seam, loop and butt with casting flash. 212 grams,13.5cm (5 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Dorset, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 77. The palstave is similar to the example purchased by Evans in Bath, but has a much straighter cutting edge. Sir Richard Ground notes that the piece is 'hard to match to anything in Schmidt & Burgess' (i.e. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981"). Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 611
Bronze Age Decorated Knife with Rivets 2nd millennium BC. A narrow triangular T-section blade with swept upper edge, incised bilinear chevron to each face; row of small chevrons to the back, slashes to the underside; hilt and flared terminal with four rivet holes, three plug rivets still in place. 37 grams, 18.5cm (7 1/4"). Property of a German collector; acquired in the 1990s. Fine condition; tip of hilt absent.
Lot 612
Bronze Age British Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1200-800 BC. A Late Bronze Age spearhead with conical socket developing into the median rib of the lanceolate blade; the two lateral loops narrow with small apertures; the socket rim plain. 41 grams, 10cm (4"). Found South Hykeham, Lincolnshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 394. Very fine condition.
Lot 613
Bronze Age Bronze Socketted Spearhead 1100-700 BC. A narrow leaf-shaped blade, long flared socket with lateral rivet holes; the tip deliberately bent over and body distorted. 87 grams, 15cm (6"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 382. [No Reserve] Fine condition; bent, small hole above socket mouth.
Lot 614
Bronze Age Socketted Spearhead 1100-700 BC. A slender leaf-shaped blade with cast bevel to the edges, conical socket with lateral rivet holes. 86 grams, 15cm (6"). Private collection, UK; formed in the 1980s. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 383. [No Reserve] Very fine condition, small casting flaw.
Lot 615
Bronze Age Copper Flat Axe 1900-1700 BC. A cast axe with square butt, flared blade with convex cutting edge; shallow bevel. 164 grams, 73mm (3"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 2. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Lot 616
Bronze Age Looped and Socketted Axehead 1300-1000 BC. A large parallel-sided European axehead with everted rim to the mouth, ribbed collar, flared edge, panel of pellets and vertical ribs to each flat face; triangular loop connected to the socket mouth. 264 grams, 10.5cm (4 1/4"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. Very fine condition, edge chipped.
Lot 617
Bronze Age Wilburton Looped and Socketted Axehead 1000-800 BC. A small Wilburton type axehead with scooped and ribbed mouth, slightly flared edge, narrow lateral loop connecting to the socket mouth. 91 grams, 73mm (3"). Property of a German collector; acquired in the 1990s. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 1008. Very fine condition.
Lot 618
Bronze Age Looped and Socketted Axehead 2nd millennium BC. A short axehead with slightly flared blade, flat edge, radiating ribs to each flat face; ribbed collar to the mouth and lateral loop. 164 grams, 75mm (3"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. The lateral loop was cast with excessive flash which would have needed to be removed before use. The socket mouth has a small hole next to the loop. The axe could not have been used in this condition and may have been set aside for re-smelting. [No Reserve] Fine condition; casting flaws.
Lot 619
Bronze Age Looped and Socketted Axehead 2nd millennium BC. A broad parallel-sided socketted axehead, hexagonal in section with flange to the mouth, lateral loop. 190 grams, 87mm (3 1/2"). From an old Munich collection; acquired on the German art market before 2000. [No Reserve] Fine condition; loop absent.
Lot 62
Bronze Age British Looped and Winged Axehead 1000-800 BC. A small cast palstave type axehead with tapered, square-ended butt, two D-shaped flanges to each face, one partly absent, flared convex blade and small lateral loop; the flanges formed to close over the haft on both faces forming a socket. 209 grams, 12cm (4 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2005; found near River Ouse, Bedfordshire. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 85. Sir Richard Ground notes that [a]lthough this was primarily a continental form, and Schmidt and Burgess treat them as intrusions, such axes do seem to have been made and circulated in Britain. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; edge chipped from use.
Lot 620
Bronze Age Looped and Socketted Axehead 1300-1000 BC. A European narrow blade with flared end, straight edge; the socket with thick collar to the mouth and loop joining to one side of the collar; panels of raised chevron ornament to both flat faces. 233 grams, 14cm (5 1/2"). Property of a German collector; acquired in the 1990s. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 148. Fine condition.
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