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Lot 3
Circa 26th-30th Dynasty, 664-342 B.C. Modelled mummiform and seated with arms crossed at chest, holding crook and flail, wearing a false beard and plumed Atef crown with uraeus, cream-coloured inlay to eyes; mounted on a custom-made display base. Cf. Tiribilli, E., The bronze figurines of the Petrie Museum from 2000 BC to AD 400, (GHP Egyptology 28), London, 2018, p.96, no.126, for similar.160 grams total, 15.3 cm including stand (6 in.). Ex old English collection. Spanish collection, 1980s.Accompanied by a previous dealer's catalogue and price card (£2,500.00). Osiris was the foremost of ancient Egyptian funerary deities and lord of the underworld. Many statuettes of the god were offered in temples dedicated in his name, but have also been discovered in other contexts including animal necropoleis and temples dedicated to other gods. [A video of this lot is available to view on Timeline Auctions Website.]
Lot 3090
Published 1981 and 1983 A.D. Sotheby's, Catalogue of British Coins in Gold, Silver and Bronze, 18 February 1981, with Sotheby's, Catalogue of English and Foreign Coins and Bonds, 17 February 1983; paperback; illustrated. 285 grams total, 24.5 x 15.5 - 24.2 x 18 cm (9 5/8 x 6 1/8 - 9 1/2 x 7 1/8 in.). Ex libris a Suffolk gentleman.[2, No Reserve]
Lot 3107
Published 1985-1993 A.D. Lindgren, Henry Clay and Kovacs, Frank L. Ancient Bronze Coins of Asia Minor and the Levant from the Lundgren Collection, San Francisco SU, 1985; pictorial paperback (plates section has been separated from the text) WITH Lindgren, Henry Clay, Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints from the Lindgren Collection, Chrysopylon, 1989; hardback with dustwrapper WITH Lindgren, Henry Clay, Lindgren III - Ancient Greek Bronze Coins from the Lindgren Collection, Chrysopylon, 1993; hardback; all fully illustrated. 3.23 kg total, 27 x 21 - 28.5 x 22 cm (10 5/8 x 8 1/4 - 11 1/4 x 8 5/8 in.). Ex libris Ian Roper.[3, No Reserve]
Lot 314
14th-12th century B.C. The socket of tapering round-section form, leaf-shaped head with midrib to both faces extending almost the full length. Cf. MacGregor, A., Antiquities from Europe and the Near East in the collection of the Lord McAlpine of West Green, Ashmolean Museum, 1987, no.11.45 and 11.46, for the typology.198 grams, 20 cm (7 7/8 in.). Acquired on the EU art market around 2000. From the collection of a North American gentleman. Bronze Age warriors often deposited personal equipment with the bodies of the deceased or as offerings in the rivers. Technological change was rapid: short daggers lengthened into rapiers and swords, axes developed new and more effective methods of hafting. More specialised equipment emerged, and small foliate spearheads were also present in the Koszider phase of bronzeworking.
Lot 315
12th-11th century B.C. Composed of a round-section open socket, narrow leaf-shaped blade with shallow groove. Cf. Leshtakov, L., 'Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Bronze Spear- and Javelin heads in Bulgaria in the context of Southeastern Europe' in Archaeologia Bulgarica, XV,2 (2011), pp.25-52, fig.2, no.2, for similar and fig.3 no.4, for decoration.228 grams, 28.5 cm (11 1/4 in.). From a German collection, pre 1970. Ex North American private collection, 1980s. Surrey, UK, collection,1990s. The shape of the blade resembles a willow leaf. Its widest part is situated in the middle of its length; the origin of this shape is still not very clear. It was probably invented somewhere in Anatolia or the Near East. In the Aegean it appears for the first time in LH II A, but this particular type in South-eastern Europe found correspondence especially with specimens from Lessura and Krichim, and are possibly of Balkan origin.
Lot 32
Circa 1450-1375 B.C. Displaying an incuse bull or other horned quadruped looking backwards; drilled for suspension. Cf. a comparable image in Boardman, J., Greek Gems and finger rings, early bronze age to Late Classical, London, 1973 (2001), no.106, p.47.3.63 grams, 18 mm (3/4 in.). Acquired in 1970. with Coins and Antiquities, formerly known as D.J. Crowther Ltd, Mayfair, London, UK. Private collection of a London antiquarian. The style of the lentoid seal has similarities with an agate lentoid seal from Fourni, Archanes, dated to the last period of the Cretan Palace in Knossos, before the island was occupied by the Achaeans. On the Cretan lentoid seals, single animals or a group of animals are plentiful. One of the most common motifs is that of a reclining or standing animal. Single animals are sometimes depicted with contorted bodies.
Lot 327
5th-6th century A.D. Displaying chased panels populated with Style I zoomorphs and geometric forms, borders of annulets, raised masks to the upper corners of the headplate; applied discoid boss to bow decorated with a rosette, addorsed beast heads below; extensive remains of gilding; pin lug and catchplate to reverse and remains of ancient repair, lower part absent. Cf. National Museums Liverpool, accession number M6004, for a similar Jutlandic example; Hines, J., A New Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Great Square-Headed Brooches, London, 1997, item 86(a), for the applied disc, 85(c), for headplate masks.80 grams, 82 mm (3 1/4 in.). Cambridgeshire collection, 1990s. The fractured lower edge shows signs of an ancient repair using a separate panel of sheet bronze pinned to the reverse.
Lot 33
6th-5th century B.C. Modelled with semi-naturalistic anatomical detailing, the base displaying a battle showing a mature and muscular naked man grappling with a winged gryphon; drilled for suspension. Cf. a comparable scene in Boardman, J., Greek Gems and finger rings, early Bronze Age to Late Classical, London, 1973 (2001), no.361.2.29 grams, 16 mm (5/8 in.). Ex F.A., Brussels, 1980. Private collection of a London antiquarian. The presence of Greek scene of a fight between a man and a gryphon is not unusual in scarabs. A faience factory was found in Naukratis by Flinders-Petrie, with innumerable faience and discarded moulds. The motifs on the bottom surface are repetitive and hurriedly worked. They depict lucky symbols or representative subjects (lions with sun disc, ibex, Horus falcons, lotus flowers), such motifs had already been adopted into Greek art but are generally considered typically Egyptian. Here the subject of a fight against a gryphon is Greek, although the style of the fighting character seems Phoenician, which points to Eastern Mediterranean workmanship, possibly on the Island of Rhodes.
Lot 340
11th century A.D. Formed as a crouching beast modelled in the round with hollow slot to the underside; elongated head with raised lentoid eyes and ellipsoid ears, ribbed wings to the shoulders, knop tail and splayed claws to the feet; mouth open with detailed fangs. See Graham-Campbell, J., Viking Art, London, 2013, items 138-140, for Ringerike style ship-vanes; for a discussion of Viking-period weather vanes and their re-use as badges of nobility in Normandy, see Engström, J. & Nykänen, P., New Interpretations of Viking Age Weathervanes, in Fornvännen, vol.91, 1996; Lindgrén, S., Viking Weather-Vane Practices in Medieval France in Fornvännen, vol.91, 1996 and Lindgrén, S., Viking Weather-Vane Practices in Medieval France in Fornvännen, vol.78, 1983.84.9 grams, 66 mm (2 5/8 in.). From the collection of a North American gentleman, formed in the 1990s.This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate no. 200289. The navigation techniques in use in Iron Age Northern Europe were very sophisticated, as would be expected from people bordering the Baltic, North Sea and North Atlantic where boat- and ship-building traditions have been perfected over more than a thousand years. A carved wooden panel from Bergen, Norway, shows a number of Viking longships at sea, some with weathervanes mounted on the stempost. They are mounted vertically with the beast on the outer end. Gilded bronze weathervanes appear on the roofs of medieval churches in Sweden, Norway and Finland where they are often regarded as ornamental: symbols of access to resources and craftsmanship for the important families who endowed such buildings. These weathervanes in many cases originally adorned ships and were used as part of the navigational equipment. They may have inspired the medieval Norman custom of attaching a gilded weathervane or cock to church roofs, which eventually spread to secular buildings such as castles in France and Italy where their use was restricted to certain ranks of nobility (Lindgrén, 1983). [A video of this lot is available to view on Timeline Auctions Website.] For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 344
2nd millennium B.C.-11th century A.D. Sub-rectangular in plan with rounded ends, with the remains of a spur towards one end indicating the pouring point of the molten metal into the mould. 36.74 grams, 67 mm (2 5/8 in.). Found whilst searching with a metal detector near Eastchurch, Swale, Kent, UK, on Sunday 1st September 2019.Accompanied by a copy of the report on find of potential Treasure for HM Coroner with reference no.2020 T3. Accompanied by a copy of the British Museum's Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) report no.KENT-B43CF3. Although listed as Early Medieval (i.e. Viking) in the coroner's report, this ingot could date from as early as the Bronze Age. The gold purity is near to 21 carat with an elemental breakdown of: Au 87.9, Ag 11.1, Sn 0.2 and traces of other elements.
Lot 35
Bronze Age, circa 2300-1650 B.C. Bulbous bodied with a rounded base, slender cylindrical neck, trumpet-shaped rim and integral handle, decorated with incised circumferential bands, hatched triangles and chevrons; accompanied by an acrylic display base. Cf. The British Museum, museum number 2001,0423.4, for similar.388 grams, 18 cm high (7 in.). Acquired in the 1990s. From the deceased estate of a North Yorkshire private collector, UK. Ex Den of Antiquity, Cambridgeshire, UK. Red burnished ware pottery became the dominant pottery ware lasting into the Middle Bronze Age on the island of Cyprus. Vessels were handmade and covered with a slip, which was burnished and often decorated with patterns incised with a sharp cutting edge before being fired. Potters were able to produce vessels that were either mottled or painted in two colours, often red outside and black inside and on the exterior of the rim.
Lot 354
9th century A.D. Comprising: two oval brooches, each domed with raised ornament, wide flange, ferrous remains of the pin to the reverse; suspended from the lower edge of each brooch a triangular openwork spacer plate with three tiers of red and green glass tubular beads, the lower tier with a discoid pendant plaque with bands of raised pellets; three double-link chains running between the plates; three more chains from each plate with an amuletic or decorative pendant comprising a bronze model knife in its sheath, a silver(?) Dirhem coin, an iron model dog with punched decoration, a latch-lifter key, a pair of bronze crotal bells, a stone disc or spindle whorl; displayed on a large high-quality custom-made display stand by Colin Bowles Limited. Cf. MacGregor, A. et al., A Summary Catalogue of the Continental Archaeological Collections, Oxford, 1997, item 4, for oval brooches; see also Ewing, T., Viking Clothing, Stroud, 2007.7.7 kg total, 56 x 54 cm including display frame (22 x 22 1/4 in.). Family collection formed after World War II; thence by descent. Ex London collection since 2016. Women's display jewellery in the Viking age comprised both utilitarian and symbolic items. The brooches were worn high on the chest, supporting an apron-type overdress (hangerok) with the beads and chains strung between them and various small items attached. The pendants probably symbolised the authority of the female in the domestic sphere (key, coin, spindle whorl), and in husbandry (model animal, crotal bells, model knife).
Lot 36
Bronze Age, circa 2300-1650 B.C. Bulbous bodied with a cylindrical neck and everted rim, decorated with incised geometric motifs: chequered squares, vertical chevrons, hatched and striped lozenges, combed circumferential bands; accompanied by an acrylic display base. Cf. The British Museum, museum numbers 1888,0927.29 and 2001,0423.4, for similar motifs.375 grams, 20 cm high (7 7/8 in.). Acquired in the 1990s. From the deceased estate of a North Yorkshire private collector, UK. Ex Den of Antiquity, Cambridgeshire, UK. Red burnished ware pottery became the dominant pottery ware lasting into the Middle Bronze Age on the island of Cyprus. Vessels were handmade and covered with a slip, which was burnished and often decorated with patterns incised with a sharp cutting edge before being fired. Potters were able to produce vessels that were either mottled or painted in two colours, often red outside and black inside and on the exterior of the rim.
Lot 37
Bronze Age, circa 2300-1650 B.C. Black burnished with rounded underside, incised pattern of roundels and linear bands to shoulder and neck, flared rim. Cf. similar item in the collection of the British Museum, London, under accession number 1888,0927.20. Exhibited: On loan to the Detroit Institute of Arts 6th December 1983 - 24th April, 2019. On view in Hallway East of Rivera Court circa 1989 and again in European Medieval and Renaissance in the 2000's. 142 grams, 11.5 cm high (4 1/2 in.). From the collection of Mr Leinonen, by descent to his son, Stan Leinonen.[No Reserve]
Lot 38
Bronze Age, circa 2300-1650 B.C. Hemispherical in form, black burnished finish with small loop below the rim, incised geometric bands with hatching. Cf. similar item in the British Museum, London, under reference 1939,0217.16.163 grams, 11 cm wide (4 3/8 in.). Ex private Bonn collection, acquired c.1960-1970.
Lot 1020
9th-11th century A.D. Egg-shaped ceramic vessel with domed filler-hole, impressed rings and raised vertical flanges to the shoulder; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.565 gram, 13 cm (5 in.). Ex London, UK, collection, 1990s.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1034
Early 2nd millennium B.C. Of tapering cylindrical form with flange to socket, the upper body displaying vertical columns of chevrons between plain bands. Cf. The Metropolitan Museum, New York, accession number 56.102.1, for very similar; see Godard, A., Les Bronzes du Luristan, Paris, 1931, pl.XIX, no.58, for a similar mace; see also Christie's, The Axel Guttmann Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, part 1, London, 2002, p.24, nos.18-19; Khorasani, M. M., 'Bronze and iron weapons from Luristan' in Antiguo Oriente: Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente, 7, 2009, fig.8.449 grams, 23 cm (9 in.). Acquired 1980-2015. Ex Abelita family collection. This gorz mace head belongs to the category of truncheon-shaped mace-heads, a type developed on the Iranian plateau during the Bronze Age, used by Elamite and Luristan warriors since the 3rd millennium B.C. This category of objects was also interpreted as a part of a shaft or cudgel, but most scholars agree on the interpretation of use as a mace.
Lot 1048
Early 1st millennium B.C. Comprising six bronze short tapering blades, all with rounded shoulders and flattened mid-ribs, four with tapering tangs, one with tang pierced at tip; one of the narrowest blades is without a tang. See Christie's, The Axel Guttmann Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, part 1, London, 2002, p.34, no.31.485 grams total, 20-24 cm (7 7/8 - 9 1/2 in.). Acquired 1980-2015. Ex Abelita family collection. Moorey, Gordon and Khorasani created a classification of bladed weapons, according to which daggers are edged weapons not greater than 36cm in length, dirks (short swords) are between 36cm and 50cm in length, and swords are edged weapons greater than 50cm in length. These weapons belong to the dagger category. [6]
Lot 1058
10th-11th century A.D. The scabbard with bronze hoop reinforcements to the upper third decorated with bands of punched holes; lateral suspension flap between bronze plates with reserved interlace motifs on hatched field; hilt with Borre Style ring-chain motifs to the upper end; hollow to the upper face. Cf. Arbman, H., Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940, pl.6.119 grams, 24 cm (9 1/2 in.). From the collection of a North American gentleman, formed in the 1990s.[No Reserve]For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 1072
9th-11th century A.D. Pear-shaped ceramic vessel with domed filler-hole, circumferential impressed bands to the shoulder and equator; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.490 grams, 15 cm (6 in.). Ex London, UK, collection, 1990s.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1083
9th-11th century A.D. Pear-shaped ceramic vessel with domed filler-hole; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.594 grams, 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). Ex London, UK, collection, 1990s.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1086
Circa 1000 B.C. Cast in one piece, with narrow blade having almost parallel edges, flanged hilt with narrow grip widening slightly towards the ricasso, decorated from five parallel grooves, and running smoothly into the blade. Cf.identical type in Khorasani, M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran - The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tübingen, 2006, p.378, cat.8.188 grams, 33 cm (13 in.). Ex German collection, Cologne, 1980-1990s. The dirk belongs to the type III in the Medvedskaya classification, but with a smallest hand guard at the base. The dating of type III to the 12th century B.C., suggested by Medvedskaya and confirmed by Khorasani, was based on the series of dirks with an inscription of the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar I and of the name of Marduk Nadin Ahhe on similar types of daggers.
Lot 1096
12th-11th century B.C. Long, parallel-sided with deep midrib, broad tip, round-section neck with V-shaped recess to each face and thick square-section tang. See Negahban, E., Weapons from Marlik, Berlin, 1995, plate VI, no.78; Khorasani M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran. The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tübingen, 2006, items 279-280, for type.468 grams, 47 cm (18 1/2 in.). Ex German collection, Cologne, 1980-1990s. This weapon belongs to the type 1 of the spear-head classification of Khorasani, mainly from Marlik or Amlash areas. Similar pieces have been dated by Stutzinger to 1200-1100 BC.
Lot 1102
Circa 1000 B.C. Narrow triangular casting with gentle midrib and narrow point, scooped shoulders, long flat-section tang with lobe finial. Cf. Khorasani, M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran - The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tübingen, 2006, p.381, cat.3, p.376, for type.129 grams, 36 cm (14 1/8 in.). Ex German collection, Cologne, 1980-1990s. The type of the present dirk or dagger corresponds to type IX of Medvedskaya classification. The type consists of a bronze blade with organic handle, possibly made of bone or wood, and a long tang, which was usually bent at the extremity. According to Moorey, the exact dating of these pieces is uncertain.
Lot 1110
1st millennium B.C. Composed of a leaf-shaped blade with raised midrib to both faces, broad shaft to flange, tapering tang. Cf. Christie's, The Axel Guttmann Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, part 2, London, 2004, p.36, no.40; cf. Khorasani, M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran. The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tübingen, 2006, p.630, no.280.442 grams, 38.7 cm (15 1/4 in.). Private UK collection, 1980s. Ex London gallery. The spearhead belongs to a typology of spears widespread in the Marlik region, which Negahban divided into two categories. This spearhead belongs to type I, spearheads with long blades, broad midrib, rectangular sectioned tang and reinforced shaft opening to reveal the tang and rounded shoulders. [No Reserve]
Lot 1112
9th-11th century A.D. Piriform in shape with raised lugs to the upper body with stamped concentric roundels between. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.588 grams, 15.3 cm (6 in.). Family collection, acquired 1980-2015. Ex property of a North London gentleman.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1117
2nd-3rd century A.D. Mixed group of semi-rigid bronze scales with scalloped lower edges, pierced for attachment; together with two small panels of articulated lamina scales. Cf. Bishop, M.C. & Coulston, J.C.N., Roman military equipment, from the Punic wars to the fall of Rome, London, 2006, p.139, fig.84.2, for similar.30 grams total, 10-65 mm (3/8 - 2 1/2 in.). Acquired in the late 1980s. The Kusmirek Collection, UK. A new form of rigid scale-armour, typified by pieces found in Britannia (Corbridge, Carlisle), Pannonia (Musov), Moesia (Iron Gates) and in various other provinces of the empire, was introduced earlier in the Antonine Period, and continued for all of the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D. The new body protection was realised with scales attached by wire to each of their four neighbouring scales. These new scales tended to be not only very small, but also long and slender and needed to be carefully shaped around the neck. [23+, No Reserve]
Lot 1124
2nd millenium B.C. With crescent-shaped guard to accept blade, square-section grip with central rib to two sides and four evenly-spaced studs to the other two, and a conical hollow-cast mushroom pommel pierced on three sides. Cf. Khorasani, M. M., Arms and Armor from Iran: The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tübingen, 2006, pp.393-4, for type.492 grams, 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.). Acquired in the early 1990s. Ex Guernsey collection. The Kusmirek Collection, UK.
Lot 1125
9th-11th century A.D. Pear-shaped ceramic vessel with domed filler-hole; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.640 grams, 13.5 cm (5 1/4 in.). Ex London, UK, collection, 1990s.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1126
9th-11th century A.D. Irregular pear-shaped ceramic vessel with domed filler-hole, impressed rings and vertical bars to the shoulder; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.980 grams, 15 cm (6 in.). Ex London, UK, collection, 1990s.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1134
Circa 13th-7th century B.C. Featuring an oval-shaped socket, straight upper edge and curved lower edge with slightly convex cutting edge. Cf. Calmeyer, P., Datierbare Bronzen aus Luristan und Kirmanshah II. Datierbare Gruppen (chronologisch geordnet), De Gruyter, 1969, fig.6, p.10, group 2, type A3 a, of the Calmeyer classification.1.2 kg, 14.5 cm (5 3/4 in.). Acquired 1990s-early 2000s. East Anglian private collection. Unadorned weapons, especially axes, adzes and picks, were made by Luristan craftsmen using simple clay or stone bivalve moulds, into which was inserted a core to form the socket for the shaft. Typically, the metallic composition consisted of a combination of arsenical bronze and copper, together with a small percentage of lead. [No Reserve]
Lot 1138
9th-11th century A.D. Composed of a piriform body with 'feather' design and eccentrically placed domed mouth; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, and used as a hand grenade; chipped foot. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.613 grams, 17 cm (6 3/4 in.). Collected before 1970. Ex gallery of C.M., UK.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1145
11th-12th century A.D. Comprising: two matching ogival plates with pellet borders; a trefoil plate with border of radiating lines framing three concentric circle and oval motifs; a plate with five lobes decorated with dashed lines and six concentric oval motifs at the centre; ogival plate with scalloped border, trefoil motif at centre; ogival plate with pellet border divided into three 'petals' by larger single pellets, scrolling vegetal motif; a floral style plate composed of discoid dimples; irregular hexagonal plate, the shape repeated at the centre, pellet border; trilobate plate with three single pellets to the perimeter and pellet border; ogival plate with expanded waist, raised 'wings' and rounded lozenge against a background of radiating lines; nine with three attachment lugs to reverse, one with two lugs. Cf. ???????, ?.?., ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? (X - ?????? XIII ?.), History of the archaeological study of the Volga Bulgarians (10th - beginning of the 13th century, in Russian), Kazan, 2014, figs.179, 759.31.8 grams total, 17-26 mm (5/8 - 1 in.). Acquired in the 1980s-1990s. Ex an important central London gallery, London W1. The belt fittings find various comparisons with non-ferrous belt appliqués found in the territories of the Volga Bulgars, like specimens from the Semenovsky village. These items were parts of long warrior belts, the leather surfaces decorated all over with such bronze and silver appliqués. Symbols of ranks and elite warrior aristocracy, these belts also served a utilitarian purpose of suspending weapons such as a bow, quiver or a sabre. [10]
Lot 1150
14th-10th century B.C. Comprising leaf-shaped and triangular, tanged and barbed arrowheads. Cf. Khorasani, M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran - The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tuebingen, 2006, cat.454, 455, 463.70 grams total, 9.1-12.4 cm (3 1/2 - 4 7/8 in.). English private collection, acquired 1970s. The Kusmirek Collection, UK. The arrowheads correspond to the classification of the arrowheads with elongated triangular shape with barbed shoulders and lanceolate head with rounded shoulders from the category type V, according to the studies of Khorasani and the excavations in Negahban. [4]
Lot 1162
2nd-1st millennium B.C. Composed of a tanged and barbed blade with raised midrib to both faces, extending the full-length of the weapon. Cf. MacGregor, A., Antiquities from Europe and the Near East in the collection of the Lord McAlpine of West Green, Ashmolean Museum, 1987, no.17.25 and 17.27, for the typology.470 grams, 57 cm (22 1/2 in.). Private UK collection, 1980s. Ex London gallery. In the last ninety years many such tanged blades have been considered coming from centres of production of North-West Iran, like Amlash and Marlik. Without context an accurate dating is impossible, but the shape recalls the rapiers of Bronze Age or Early Iron Age. [No Reserve]
Lot 1177
3rd-2nd millennium B.C. The cylindrical shaft decorated with three bosses, blade with diverging edges, the upper sides of the hole and part of the blade decorated with a dotted pattern. See Gorelik, M., Weapons of Ancient East, IV millennium BC-IV century BC, Saint Petersburg (2003) in Russian, pl.XIX, no.38, from Assur.375 grams, 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.). Acquired 1980-2015. Ex Abelita family collection. The earliest Luristan bronze weapons, particularly daggers, axes, and adzes, share many similarities in form with Mesopotamian artefacts of the 3rd millennium BC. The unadorned weapons, especially the axes, adzes and picks, were made using simple clay or stone bivalve moulds with a core inserted into them to form the socket for the shaft.
Lot 1179
9th-11th century A.D. Of squat piriform shape with shallow vertical dashes decorating the upper body, stamped triangles above and below. Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.579 grams, 10.4 cm (4 1/8 in.). Family collection, acquired 1980-2015. Ex property of a North London gentleman.Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD'. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]
Lot 1187
12th-11th century B.C. Leaf-shaped blade with pronounced midrib, square-section neck with flared ends and thick square-section tang. See Negahban, E., Weapons from Marlik, Berlin, 1995, plate VI, no.78; Khorasani M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran. The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tübingen, 2006, item 278, for type.299 grams, 26.7 cm (10 1/2 in.). Ex German collection, Cologne, 1980-1990s. The spearhead belongs to the type I of tripartite spears with broad mid-rib, reinforced shaft opening to reveal the tang and rounded shoulders. The blade with curved shoulders, a sharp point and a rectangular mid-rib. Stutzinger dated these pieces to 1200-1100 B.C.
Lot 1196
Early 1st millennium B.C. Short triangular two-edged blade with thick midrib, long round-section neck with V-shaped recesses to the lower end, tapering square-section tang. Cf. Khorasani, M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran. The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tübingen, 2006, pp.240-241; Christie's, The Axel Guttmann Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, part 2, London, 2004, p.36, no.40.268 grams, 34.5 cm (13 5/8 in.). Ex German collection, Cologne, 1980-1990s. The spearhead belongs to a typology of spears widespread in the Marlik region, which Negahban divided into two categories. This spearhead belongs to type II, spearheads with triangular blades with rather short blade and shaft with a long tang, the total length of the blade being less than that of the shaft and tang together.
Lot 1241
14th-12th century B.C. Lusatian with a broad, pointed-oval blade and a raised central groove with converging ribs. See Miko?ajczyk, A., Collections of the Archaeological and Ethnographical Museum of ?odz, (in Polish), ?odz, 1981, fig.38, p.43; Klochko, V., 'Weapons of the tribes of the Northern Pontic zone in the 16th – 10th centuries B.C.' in Baltic-Pontic Studies, Pozna?, 1993, vol.1, figs.9, 10, 26.102 grams, 14 cm (5 1/2 in.). Private collection, 1950s. Ex Gorny and Mosch, Munich, Germany, 18 December 2009, lot 463 (part). The Lusatian Culture (1300-500 BC) is a Late Bronze Age culture, located in the geographic areas of Eastern Germany (Saxony and Brandenburg), Slovakia, Poland, the Baltic countries and the Black Sea area and is characterised by cremation burials. The dead were buried with their personal equipment: men were provided with weapons (comprising sword, dagger, axe, and spearhead) and ornaments (usually a pin or bracelet). At the start of the Middle Bronze Age, several innovations spread quickly and with a lasting effect across central Europe: swords (based on influences from the Danube region) and spears (socketted spearheads) appeared as new weapons, while two-edged razors, tweezers, knives, and sickles were the new tools.
Lot 1253
2nd-1st millennium B.C. Featuring a convex cutting edge and wedge-shaped cheeks with crescentic blade. See MacGregor, Arthur ed., Antiquities From Europe and the Near East in the Collection of The Lord McAlpine of West Green, Oxford, 1987, no.11.11, for similar form.93 grams, 53 mm (2 in.). Essex gallery, early 2000s. The fragment belongs to a typical example of developed flat axe with expanded curved cutting edges and sides raised into slight flanges. Some specimens like this are representative of the early bronze age in Britain and Europe. [No Reserve]
Lot 1254
11th century B.C.-3rd century A.D. Comprising two arrowheads with foliate head and square-sectioned tang and three awls. Cf. Khorasani, M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran - The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tuebingen, 2006, cat.460, for the arrowheads.46 grams total, 3.7-10.8 cm (1 3/8 - 4 1/4 in.). Ex American collector, acquired 1980-2000. The Kusmirek Collection, UK. The two arrowheads are similar to specimens found in Luristan. They belong to the type V of the Khorasani classification. The bow was widely used by the Luristan people. The shape of the blade is often flat or ovate in the cross section with lanceolate profile and two cutting edges. [5, No Reserve]
Lot 1259
11th-9th century B.C. With crescentic body and a square-section spike to the underside. 81 grams, 61 mm (2 3/8 in.). Acquired in the early 1990s. The Kusmirek Collection, UK. Bronze Age comprises a range of small rod-like tools that are usually round or rectangular in cross-section and pointed at one end with a square or chiselled edge at the other. They were probably used for perforating leather, wood and bone working and other crafts. Early researchers suggested they may have been used also for tattooing human skin.
Lot 1264
Circa 2nd millennium B.C. Comprising: a small Bronze Age copper flat axehead; a small triangular-section axehead with step to one edge; a cast Bronze Age axehead with recess to the rear on each face. 149 grams total, 5.2-10.2 cm (2 - 4 in.). From a Lancashire collection before 2013.[3, No Reserve]
Lot 1270
13th-9th century B.C. Comprising a central bronze tube with bulbs and flanged ends, two angled lateral spikes with lugs beneath and two more lugs to the sides of the shaft, pointillé starburst to the flanges, notch and other detailing to the shank. 700 grams, 24.5 cm wide (9 5/8 in.). From a private European collection; formed in the 1980s. From the collection of a North American gentleman.[No Reserve]For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 1371
4th-7th century A.D. A silver pendant formed as a miniature bucket with applied filigree bands to the strap handle and body. See Khrapunov, I. and Stylegar, F.A., Inter Ambo Maria, Contacts between Scandinavia and the Crimea in the Roman Period, ????? ?, ?., ???????????? ?, ?, 1989, ?? ????? ????????? ?????????-???????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????, ??, No.3; see Meaney, A., Anglo-Saxon Amulets and Curing Stones, Oxford, BAR British Series 96, 1981, p.166-168, for discussion of the type.2.57 grams, 24 mm (1 in.). Private collection formed in Europe in the 1980s. Westminster collection, central London, UK. Pendants in the form of miniature buckets have been found in a number of pagan Anglo-Saxon and Viking contexts and are generally made of bronze or iron, with gold examples being rare; three gold examples were found with the hoard from Hoen, Norway. Bronze bucket amulets have been found at Driffield in Yorkshire, and Vimose bog in Denmark, among other places. In form they represent wooden buckets bound with bronze or iron bands which have been found in Anglo-Saxon and Viking graves and are believed to have held mead or ale and were used to replenish the cups from which warriors drank. As amulets they probably represent the ecstatic power of alcoholic drink and the role of women as the dispensers of these precious beverages. [No Reserve]
Lot 1402
10th century A.D. Comprising a bronze body with engraved pair of Jellinge-style beasts on both sides, inserted iron part to the underside; attachment loop to the top. 31.4 grams, 52 mm (2 in.). Acquired 1980-2000. Ex property of an American collector.[No Reserve]For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 1441
4th-7th century A.D. Adorned with granule clusters to the sidewall and a granulated cross to convex base. See Khrapunov, I. & Stylegar, F.A., Inter Ambo Maria, Contacts between Scandinavia and the Crimea in the Roman Period; ????? ?, ?., ???????????? ?, ?, 1989, ?? ????? ????????? ?????????-???????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????, ??, No.3; also see Meaney, A., Anglo-Saxon Amulets and Curing Stones, Oxford, BAR British Series 96, 1981, p.166-168, for discussion of the type.1.40 grams, 14 mm (1/2 in.). From the collection of a North American gentleman, formed in the 1990s. Pendants in the form of miniature buckets have been found in a number of pagan Anglo-Saxon and Viking contexts and are generally made of bronze or iron, with gold examples being rare; three gold examples were found with the hoard from Hoen, Norway. Bronze bucket amulets have been found at Driffield in Yorkshire, and Vimose bog in Denmark, among other places. In form they represent wooden buckets bound with bronze or iron bands which have been found in Anglo-Saxon and Viking graves and are believed to have held mead or ale and were used to replenish the cups from which warriors drank. As amulets they probably represent the ecstatic power of alcoholic drink and the role of women as the dispensers of these precious beverages. [No Reserve]For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 1475
4th-7th century A.D. Adorned with repoussé chevrons and applied granules; replaced loop. See Khrapunov, I. & Stylegar, F.A., Inter Ambo Maria, Contacts between Scandinavia and the Crimea in the Roman Period; ????? ?, ?., ???????????? ?, ?, 1989, ?? ????? ????????? ?????????-???????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????, ??, No.3; also see Meaney, A., Anglo-Saxon Amulets and Curing Stones, Oxford, BAR British Series 96, 1981, p.166-168, for discussion of the type.1.17 grams, 15 mm (1/2 in.). From the collection of a North American gentleman, formed in the 1990s. Pendants in the form of miniature buckets have been found in a number of pagan Anglo-Saxon and Viking contexts and are generally made of bronze or iron, with gold examples being rare; three gold examples were found with the hoard from Hoen, Norway. Bronze bucket amulets have been found at Driffield in Yorkshire, and Vimose bog in Denmark, among other places. In form they represent wooden buckets bound with bronze or iron bands which have been found in Anglo-Saxon and Viking graves and are believed to have held mead or ale and were used to replenish the cups from which warriors drank. As amulets they probably represent the ecstatic power of alcoholic drink and the role of women as the dispensers of these precious beverages. [No Reserve]For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 1501
8th-9th century A.D. Comprising: flat bronze patrix of a hound with billets and zigzag detailing to the body curved foreleg, tail and hindleg; similar patrix of a feline with beaded collar and punched mane detailing, legs extended; mounted on a custom-made presentation stand. Cf. Bonora, G.L. Recipienti Zoomorfi a Carattere Rituale in Bonora, G.L. & Marzatico, F., Ori dei Cavalieri delle Steppe, Milan, 2007, p.232-41.411 grams total, 14 cm high including stand (5 1/2 in.). Ex London gallery, 1990s. with old labels to the reverse. Patrices were used to create thin sheet-silver or gold appliqués which were used to decorate wooden items, ritual items, clothing, horse-harness and other items. [2]
Lot 151
1st century B.C.-1st century A.D. Likely a finial or other fitting, formed as the upper body of a boar with semi-naturalistic anatomical detailing; recess to base. Cf. Foster, J., Bronze Boar Figurines In Iron Age And Roman Britain, British Archaeological Report 39, 1977, for discussion and broadly comparable examples.57 grams, 54 mm (5 1/8 in.). ‘The Ancient Menagerie Collection’ formerly the property of a Cambridgeshire lady, collected since the 1990s and acquired from auctions and dealers throughout Europe and the USA, now ex London collection.
Lot 1518
Late 10th century A.D. Of polygonal shape, reserved stylised vegetal forms; attachment rivets to reverse. Cf. Historical Museum, Moscow, The road of Varangians to Greeks and Greece (In Russian and English), Moscow, 1996, nos.232-237, 422, for similar mounts.8.7 grams, 32 mm (1 1/4 in.). From the collection of a North American gentleman, formed in the 1990s. Pentagonal strap mounts decorated with schematic plant ornaments, cast in bronze, characterised the population of Volga Bulgars, often in commercial relations with the Viking world. A belt-set with pentagonal and rectangular mounts decorated with plant ornaments, along with its strap end and buckle, were excavated by V.D. Sokolov in Slavic-Scandinavian graves in Russian territory. [No Reserve]For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 1539
10th-12th century A.D. Featuring a scalloped handle with openwork scrolling tendrils, complete set of teeth below. See similar in Arbman, H., Birka I, Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940, pl.100, no.2, from grave 1162.16.5 grams, 44 mm (1 3/4 in.). Acquired 1980-2000. Ex property of an American collector. Norsemen were particularly fastidious about their appearance. The hair and beard were important to the men, for making a statement and to intimidate their opponents. Early combs were made from antler or bone and carried in a small pouch; high status combs were later made from metal (mainly bronze) and have been found as grave goods. [No Reserve]For this specific lot, 5% import VAT is applicable on the hammer price
Lot 1576
13th-15th century A.D. Comprising a circular stone with an incised cross to one side and a series of 13 heraldic hearts to the other; a bronze cross pendant with annulet-in-circle motifs to one side. Cf. similar badges in PAS nos.NARC-DA5944, and YORYM-0670C5.47 grams total, 30-36 mm (1 1/8 - 1 3/8 in.). From an old Worcestershire, UK collection. The Kusmirek Collection, UK. The copper-alloy pendant appears to be cross-shaped with the top arm forming the suspension loop. It is therefore possible to consider the pendant to be T-shaped, in the form of the Greek letter Tau. These Tau crosses often acted as miniature reliquaries which are thought to have contained a herbal compound that was used to treat the symptoms of St Anthony's fire. [2]
Lot 161
10th-11th century A.D. Comprising two narrow hinged plates and articulated suspension loop with two vertical ribs; obverse with Jesus on the cross, dressed in a long robe with standing Virgin and Saint John on his side, Greek inscription '??? ? ???? ???.???? ? ????? ???' (John 19:27-28: 'Here is your son. Here is your mother') under the arms; titulum, the sun and the moon above; on the tabula ansata of the titulum a Greek inscription '? fur X??????'; reverse with Theotokos (Mother of God) in orans pose and the four busts of the evangelists, at the four arms of the cross. See Pitarakis, B., Les Croix-Reliquaires Pectorales Byzantines En Bronze, Paris, 2006, nos.19, 20, 23, 27, for similar.82 grams, 83 mm (3 1/4 in.). Acquired on the German art market around 2000. From the collection of Surrey, UK, gentleman. This enkolpion is a beautiful example of the type of pendant cross widespread in the 11th-12th centuries. Many variants of enkolpia reflected the new artistic fashions in vogue at Byzantium, influenced by the political and artistic vigour of the Macedonian dynasty. This enkolpion corresponds to type I of the Pitarakis classification.
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