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Lot 1485

(See English version below)Thomas Kiesewetter (Kassel 1963 – lebt in Berlin). Ohne Titel. 2006Bronze, schwarz patiniert. 74 × 45 × 25 cm ( 29 â…› × 17 ¾ × 9 â…ž in.). Eines von 3 Exemplaren. [3816]Provenienz: The Blake Byrne Collection, Paris/Los Angeles (2006 in der Roberts & Tilton Gallery erworben)Ausstellung: Thomas Kiesewetter. New Sculpture and Works on Paper. Culver City, Kalifornien, Roberts Projects, 2007Zustandsbericht: Ex. 1/3. In gutem Zustand. Keine Fehlstellen oder Substanzverluste. Die Patina minimal berieben. Sehr schöner harmonischer GesamteindruckWir berechnen auf den Hammerpreis pauschal 30% Aufgeld und 7% verauslagte Einfuhrumsatzsteuer.Thomas Kiesewetter (Kassel 1963 – lives in Berlin). Untitled. 2006Bronze, black patinated. 74 × 45 × 25 cm ( 29 â…› × 17 ¾ × 9 â…ž in.). One of 3 copies. [3816]Provenance: The Blake Byrne Collection, Paris/Los Angeles (acquired in 2006 in the Roberts & Tilton Gallery)Exhibition: Thomas Kiesewetter. New Sculpture and Works on Paper. Culver City, California, Roberts Projects, 2007Condition report: No. 1/3. In good condition. No losses or material defects. Minimal scuff marks on the patina. Very fine harmonious overall appearanceWe charge 30% premium and 7% import tax on the hammerprice.

Lot 237

1100-1500 AD, Medieval. Bronze signet ring with circular hoop and flattened, oval-shaped bezel featuring an engraved horse and rider motif within an ellipse. Dragons are an important part of medieval folklore and appear frequently in heraldic motifs. Heraldry, or the use of an inherited coat of arms, was a means by which to display personal identity and familial relations. This tradition began during the 12th century AD in battlefield contexts were elites needed a symbol to display in order to be easily recognizable even when their faces were obscured by armour. By the 13th century AD this practice was adopted by nobles and knights who took immense pride in their family arms and colours. The heraldic ring was a key part of this personal branding as it allowed the owner to stamp their coat of arms on their correspondences. Excellent condition; wearable; Size: D: 20.2mm / US: 10 1/2 / UK: U 1/2; 11.7g; Provenance: Important estate collection from Oxfordshire; formed in the 1970s-2000.

Lot 380

1200-700 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful bronze sword has a tapering, bevelled blade with raised midrib, an integral handle with openwork decoration and a heavy, crescentic “skull crusher†guard which could be used for secondary bludgeoning attacks. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom stand.Size: L:495mm / W:98mm ; 970g; Provenance: From the collection of a gentleman based in London; formerly in an old British collection; acquired in the 1980s.

Lot 262

Ca.1300-600 BC. Bronze Age Luristani culture. Bronze cloth pin comprising a round-sectioned shank, and stylised poppy-head terminal above a cross-shaped projection. Good condition; beautiful patina; Size: L:180mm / W:25mm ; 78g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1990s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 268

C. 1000 BC. Hallstatt Culture. Cast bronze zoomorphic amulet in the form of a horse in a resting position; the beast features clearly defined limbs and a well-modelled hair and tail. A round suspension hole passes through the shoulder. Animal amulets are common in Bronze Age cultures, as they might associate their owners with the positive natural qualities – strength and fearlessness, for example – of wild beasts or the prestige of owning domesticated animals. The Hallstatt Culture, named for the village in Austria where it was first identified, is a Bronze Age Culture which flourished in much of Western and Central Europe between the 12th and 8th centuries BC; it is commonly associated with Proto-Celtic and Proto-Celtic societies and is known for the richness of its metalworking traditions. Excellent condition; beautiful patina; Size: L:30mm / W:45mm ; 14.7g; Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 383

1200-700 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful bronze spear has a tapering, bevelled blade with a prominent midrib, a neck with twisted decoration and a tang, now bent, for insertion into a wooden haft. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; beautiful patina; on a custom stand.Size: L:442mm / W:38mm ; 455g; Provenance: From the private collection of a South London art professional; previously in a collection formed on the UK/European art market before 2000.

Lot 200

C. 1100-1300 AD. Byzantine. Silver ring with circular hoop, floral decoration on the shoulders and a trumpet bezel bearing an incised bird motif. Byzantium was justly famous for the elegance of its jewellery, whether in precious metals for the aristocracy, or in bronze for people further down the social ladder. This item probably belonged to a Byzantine nobleman. Excellent condition; wearable.Size: D: 16.1mm / US: 5 1/2 / UK: L; 3.1g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 349

700-1100 AD. Viking Age. Bronze sword-shaped amulet with suspension loop at the top, and a stylised depiction of a leaf-shaped blade with a fuller or blood groove. The era known as the Viking age lasted for more than 300 years, from the late 8th century to the late 11th century. The history of the Vikings is closely linked to their role as masters of the sea and they were feared as fierce and ruthless invaders. This rare item would probably have belonged to a Viking warrior intent on expressing his martial identity or on seeking divine protection from harm in battle. Good condition; beautiful patina.Size: L:100mm / W:27mm ; 28g; Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 407

1200-700 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Bronze Age. A bronze spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid sectioned blade, a raised midrib and a short neck that transitions into a tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition, on a custom-made stand; Size: L:145mm / W:25mm ; 35g; Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

Lot 342

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze twisted bracelet comprising several strands of bronze woven together with flattened loop terminals decorated with incised cross hatch lines meant evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;†Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beastâ€), also called the “Midgard Serpent,†is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Excellent condition. Size: L:60mm / W:70mm ; 50g; Provenance: Important London collection of Ancient art; formed in 1970s then passed by descent.

Lot 324

100-300 AD. Roman. Bronze ring with circular hoop and round, flat bezel with extensive incised decoration in the form of repeating lunette designs; further incised geometric motifs cover the ring’s shoulders. In popular belief the Romans saw the moon as protecting against evil forces, demons and sorcery, but especially against the evil eye. The crescent moon is also associated with the goddess Luna. This well-preserved example may have belonged to a Roman legionary. Good condition.Size: D: 18.19mm / US: 8 / UK: Q; 6.3g; Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

Lot 292

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze twisted bracelet comprising several strands of bronze woven together with flattened loop terminals decorated with incised cross hatch lines meant evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;†Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beastâ€), also called the “Midgard Serpent,†is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Excellent condition. Size: L:60mm / W:70mm ; 55g; Provenance: Important London collection of Ancient art; formed in 1970s then passed by descent.

Lot 267

C. 1000 BC. Hallstatt Culture. Cast bronze zoomorphic amulet in the form of an unidentified animal, perhaps a fish or other marine creature, with a large protruding hair, central suspension hole and flaring tail. Animal amulets are common in Bronze Age cultures, as they might associate their owners with the positive natural qualities – strength and fearlessness, for example – of wild beasts or the prestige of owning domesticated animals. The Hallstatt Culture, named for the village in Austria where it was first identified, is a Bronze Age Culture which flourished in much of Western and Central Europe between the 12th and 8th centuries BC; it is commonly associated with Proto-Celtic and Proto-Celtic societies and is known for the richness of its metalworking traditions. Excellent condition; beautiful patina; Size: L:45mm / W:45mm ; 21g; Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 288

100-300 AD. Roman. Rectangular bronze fitting with openwork depiction of a wolf pursuing a rabbit or hare; the scene is surrounded by a border of dots and scalloped edges. Two round perforations along the short ends serve to attach the piece to a piece of clothing or furniture. This hunting motif may have belonged to a Roman aristocrat or military officer. Good condition; beautiful patina. Size: L:27mm / W:60mm ; 24.5g; Provenance: Obtained from a B.C.F; previously in a collection formed in the 1980s on the UK art market.

Lot 235

100-300 AD. Roman. Bronze ring with thick, circular hoop and flattened, disc-shaped bezel bearing an incised stylised thunderbolt formed from intersecting lines. In Roman mythology, the thunderbolt is a symbol of Jupiter, king of the gods and god of the sky and thunder. The thunderbolt is a reminder of his might over all, whether gods and mortals, and this item may once have belonged to a devotee of the thunder god. Good condition.Size: D: 18.8mm / US: 8 7/8 / UK: R1/2; 14.4g; Provenance: From the private collection of a South London art professional; previously in a collection formed on the UK/European art market in the 1970s;

Lot 212

Ca.900-1100 AD. Viking Age. Bronze amulet comprising a longboat with stylised dragon’s-head prow and stern with carefully cast features and textured scales; the item is hung from a knotted circular suspension loop and nine partially preserved wedge-shaped pendants hang from the underside, perhaps representing oars. Dragons were important figures in Norse mythology, and were known for their powerful, destructive nature. This item would have been an appropriate amulet for a ship’s captain.Good condition; beautiful patina.Size: L:60mm / W:72mm ; 30g; Provenance: Obtained from a L.F; previously in a collection formed in the 1990s on the UK art market.

Lot 211

Ca. 700- 1100 AD. Viking Era. A fine bronze Viking era 'Omega' penannular brooch with hemi-spherical blue gems set into the terminals, a circular section, and a fine pin. Pin is intact. Brooches were an important part of Viking culture and were worn by both men and women. These items were multifunction with their most basic purpose being clothing fasteners while their more ostentatious role was to serve as a display of wealth. Brooches such as this one were status symbols, tradable goods in lieu of currency, and are often found as grave goods to provision the dead for the afterlife. For more general information on Viking Jewellery see Arbman, H. Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Good condition; beautiful patina.Size: L:61mm / W:82mm ; 23.52g; Provenance: Obtained from B.G. ; previously in a collection formed in the 1990s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 312

1100-1300 AD. Byzantine. Beautiful gold hoop earrings with openwork motifs depicting stylised arcaded structures; additional hoops, each enclosing rock crystal spheres, hang from the bottom of each earring. Byzantium was justly famous for the elegance of its jewellery, whether in precious metals for the aristocracy, or in bronze for people further down the social ladder. This item probably belonged to a Byzantine noblewoman. Excellent condition; wearable.Size: L:35mm / W:25mm ; 7.3g; Provenance: Property of a professional Ancient art and jewelry expert; previously with a London gallery; initially from a private British collection formed in the 1990s.

Lot 461

1200-700 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This bronze speak has a leaf-shaped blade with raised midrib and barbs, broad neck and a tang for insertion into a haft. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition; great patina; on a custom stand.Size: L:153mm / W:24mm ; 30g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 302

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Bronze pendant showing a horned, winged beast, probably a dragon, in profile. In Norse mythology, Fáfnir (Old Norse and Icelandic) or Frænir is a son of the dwarf king Hreidmar and brother of Regin, Ótr, Lyngheiðr and Lofnheiðr. After being affected by the curse of Andvari's ring and gold, Fafnir became a dragon and was slain by the brave hero Sigurd. Dragons were powerful mythological symbols, embodying power and strength. Good condition, beautiful patina; Size: L:30mm / W:30mm ; 5.4g; Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK art market.

Lot 373

Ca. 600 BC. Bronze Age. Bronze age wheel pendant comprising circular hoop and crossed spokes. In ancient societies, wheel amulets were traditionally connected with good fortune and this piece was probably worn as amulet with the hope of bringing luck to its owner. Good condition; beautiful patina.Size: L:39mm / W:37mm ; 15g; Provenance: From an old British collection formed in the 1990s.

Lot 297

C. 600 BC, Bronze Age Large bronze cage pendant. The pendant's openwork biconical shape is formed of a combination straight and curved, and circular sections of bronze. Such pendants may originally have belonged to precursors of the Druids. A Druid (Celtic: “Knowing [or Finding] the Oak Treeâ€) was a member of the learned class among the ancient Celts. They seem to have frequented oak forests and acted as priests, teachers, and judges. The earliest written testimony of the Druids comes from the 3rd century BC but they probably originated much earlier as this late dating reflects the point at which the literate Greek-speaking societies of the Mediterranean came into contact with the Celts of Northern Europe. Good condition; Size: L:32mm / W:61mm ; 27g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1990s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 264

700-1100 AD. Viking Age. Bronze sword-shaped amulet with suspension loop at the top, and a stylised depiction of a leaf-shaped blade with several fullers or blood grooves. The era known as the Viking age lasted for more than 300 years, from the late 8th century to the late 11th century. The history of the Vikings is closely linked to their role as masters of the sea and they were feared as fierce and ruthless invaders. This rare item would probably have belonged to a Viking warrior intent on expressing his martial identity or on seeking divine protection from harm in battle. Good condition; beautiful patina; Size: L:95mm / W:35mm ; 35.8g; Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1990s.

Lot 343

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A bronze bracelet with squared terminals and alternating incised crosses and horizontal lines. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Good condition; superb patina. Size: L:55mm / W:65mm ; 39g; Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s.

Lot 294

800-600 BC. Celtic Bronze Age. Heavy cast bronze bracelet with sheer terminals. In Celtic society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also. given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Good condition, beautiful patina; Size: L:55mm / W:75mm ; 65g; Provenance: Property of a London gentleman, formerly with the Parthenon gallery, previously in an old English collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 236

100-300 AD. Roman. Bronze snake-shaped ring with carefully modelled head, incised scale details and curling tail. Snakes were associated with the healing god Asclepius in the Roman world, perhaps suggesting that this exceptional item belonged to a doctor. Excellent condition; beautiful patina; Size: D: 20.02mm / US: 10 1/4 / UK: U; 7.8g; Provenance: From the private collection of a Central London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/European art market before 2000.

Lot 244

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze twisted bracelet comprising several strands of bronze woven together with looped terminals meant evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;†Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beastâ€), also called the “Midgard Serpent,†is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition; Size: L:55mm / W:70mm ; 29.3g; Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 414

C. 2000-700 BC, Luristan culture. Zoomorphic bronze axe head with curved blade, raised midrib and stylised eye design. The butt of the axe features a spike at the top and elaborately curled locks at the bottom. Bronze weaponry production flourished from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, mace heads, spears and arrows were exchanged via trade and war and are discovered in both civic and ritual context. An axe head such as this one would have been an important symbol of rank, and have served a purpose in warfare, but also in religious contexts as mace heads were common votive offerings in shrines. Superb condition, mounted on custom-made stand.Size: L:200mm / W:185mm ; 840g; Provenance: Property of a London gentleman, formerly with the Parthenon gallery, previously in an old English collection formed before 2000.

Lot 462

C. 2000-700 BC, Luristan culture. A Luristan cast bronze mace head with a domed end, and a cylindrical body featuring neat rows of spikes running horizontally down the piece alternating with a meandering snake motif. The head terminates in a flaring, rounded socket. Bronze weaponry production flourished from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, mace heads, spears and arrows were exchanged via trade and war and are discovered in both civic and ritual context. A mace head such as this one would have been an important symbol of rank, and have served a purpose in warfare, but also in religious contexts as mace heads were common votive offerings in shrines. Superb condition, mounted on custom-made stand.Size: L:157mm / W:50mm ; 625g; Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK art market.

Lot 412

2000-700 BC. Bronze Age. Rare axe head with short, crescentic blade, elongated cylindrical cheek, projecting loop handle and stepped socket. A moulded male human face with abstract features is depicted just below the socket rim. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Axes, swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Excellent condition; on a custom stand. Size: L:155mm / W:62mm ; 535g; Provenance: From the collection of a gentleman based in London; formerly with a British gallery; acquired in the 1990s.

Lot 441

1200-700 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful bronze sword has a tapering, bevelled blade with raised midrib and a sub-rectangular handle for insertion into a handle. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom stand.Size: L:477mm / W:52mm ; 460g; Provenance: Private collection of an Oxford professional, formed in the 1970s-1990s on the UK art market.

Lot 225

C. 600 BC, Bronze Age Large bronze cage pendant. The pendant's openwork biconical shape is formed of a combination straight and curved bars of bronze, some with incised linear decoration. Such pendants may originally have belonged to precursors of the Druids. A Druid (Celtic: “Knowing [or Finding] the Oak Treeâ€) was a member of the learned class among the ancient Celts. They seem to have frequented oak forests and acted as priests, teachers, and judges. The earliest written testimony of the Druids comes from the 3rd century BC but they probably originated much earlier as this late dating reflects the point at which the literate Greek-speaking societies of the Mediterranean came into contact with the Celts of Northern Europe. Good condition; Size: L:28mm / W:52mm ; 15.9g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 371

900-1100 AD. Viking Age. A rare bronze zoomorphic amulet comprising a hexagonal frame surrounding a stylised figure of a person with hands held by their sides and legs akimbo; the space between the legs is filled, suggesting that they are wearing of a skirt and, by extension, that the figure should be identified as a woman. This unusual piece of anthropomorphic art may represent Jörð (from the Old Norse jǫrð, "earth"), the personification of earth and a goddess in Norse mythology. She is the mother of the thunder god Thor, and a wife of Odin Odin. Good condition; beautiful patina; professionally restrung.Size: L:40mm / W:41mm ; 10g; Provenance: Important London collection of Ancient art; formed in 1970s then passed by descent.

Lot 388

800 – 600 BC. Greek Hoplite Period. Socketed Bronze spearhead comprising a substantial leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a truncated raised midrib, and a long neck. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only be sustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplites primarily fought using the closed phalanx formation to allow best use of their frequently small numbers, and their principal equipment would have included large, circular (‘Argive’) shields and spears like this one. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, see Donald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Good condition. Size: L:397mm / W:35mm ; 400g; Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1970s.

Lot 458

1200-700 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This bronze speak has a broad, leaf-shaped blade with raised midrib, and a tang for insertion into a haft. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition; great patina; on a custom stand.Size: L:125mm / W:30mm ; 25g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 217

C. 300 BC. Celtic Iron Age. Bronze omega brooch with circular hoop, rounded terminals and well-preserved loop pin. The metal of the brooch now displays a gorgeous deep green patina. In ancient Celtic societies brooches were used not only as jewellery but also as ritual objects with high monetary values and portable stores of wealth. Excellent condition; beautiful patina.Size: L:55mm / W:57mm ; 31.2g; Provenance: Property of a West London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/International art market in the 1970s.

Lot 216

100-200 AD. Roman. Bronze brooch, depicting a horse with a fine head shown in profile. The catch-plate and pin are both fully preserved. Brooches were an important element of Roman dress, used to fasten clothing but they also served as dress accessories in their own right. Thousands of different types and subtypes of Roman brooches are attested, and they seem to have played an important role in Roman people’s self-expression. For comparable Roman brooches, see Richard Hattatt. 2000. A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books, p. 218. Good condition. Size: L:22mm / W:34mm ; 22g; Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1970s.

Lot 387

c. 475 BC – 221 BC. Warring States Period. Bronze spear with pointed, triangular head, elongated shank, projecting hammer-head cross-guard and circular socket. The exterior of the piece is extensively ornamented with incised decoration and moulded animal reliefs. The Warring States Period was an era of Chinese history characterised by extensive and ongoing conflict between a multitude of statelets and kingdoms which ultimately culminated in the Qin state’s victory and the first unification of China into a single empire. Excellent condition; on a custom-made stand.Size: L:305mm / W:90mm ; 430g; Provenance: From an old British collection of Asian Art formed in the 1990 on the UK and European art market.

Lot 247

C. 900-1100 AD. Viking Period. This beautiful bronze torc features a wide, flat neck piece with raised chevron decoration and a delicate hook and loop terminal pair. This peice is made even more stunning by it vibrant patina. Torcs are found in many European cultures c. the 8th century BC to the 3rd century AD. However, these elaborate items of jewellery made a reappearance during the Viking period c. 900-1100 AD. Torcs such as this one would also have served as important symbols of rank and wealth. Superb condition; Size: L:190mm / W:195mm ; 60g; Provenance: Property of a London gentleman, formerly with the Parthenon gallery, previously in an old English collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 269

C. 1000 BC. Hallstatt Culture. Cast bronze zoomorphic amulet comprising a suspension loop, ribbed ring and stylised standing stag. A round suspension hole passes through the shoulder. Animal amulets are common in Bronze Age cultures, as they might associate their owners with the positive natural qualities – strength and fearlessness, for example – of wild beasts or the prestige of owning domesticated animals. The Hallstatt Culture, named for the village in Austria where it was first identified, is a Bronze Age Culture which flourished in much of Western and Central Europe between the 12th and 8th centuries BC; it is commonly associated with Proto-Celtic and Proto-Celtic societies and is known for the richness of its metalworking traditions. Excellent condition; beautiful patina; Size: L:40mm / W:45mm ; 20.8g; Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 405

1200-700 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Bronze Age. A bronze spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid sectioned blade, a raised midrib and a short neck decorated with incised lines that transitions into a tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition, on a custom-made stand; Size: L:170mm / W:22mm ; 40g; Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1970s.

Lot 359

1-200 AD. Roman. Bronze ring with round hoop and flattened, hexagonal bezel bearing an incised galloping horse motif. The cavalry played a major role in Rome’s wars of expansion and represented some of the most elite units of the Roman military. This ring may have belonged to a proud member of the Roman calvary, perhaps an officer. For more information on Roman rings, see: Cf. Ruseva-Slokoska, L. Roman Jewellery, Sofia, 1991. Good condition; Size: D: 20.2mm / US: 10 1/2 / UK: U 1/2; 5.6g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1990s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 323

1000-1500 AD. Medieval. Rare bronze ring with circular hoop bearing extensive engraved decoration and octagonal bezel depicting a scene of the Judgement of Solomon. This story, from the Hebrew Bible saw King Solomon of Israel judge between two women both claiming to be the mother of a child. Solomon resolved the case by suggesting that the baby should be cut in two so that each woman could receive a half-share. By doing this, he was able to tell that the false claimant was the woman who entirely approved of this proposal, while the true mother begged that the child committed to the care of her rival so that the baby was not harmed. The story became a symbol of justice in the Middle Ages. Good condition.Size: D: 21.69mm / US: 12 1/4 / UK: Y 1/2 ; 9.5g; Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

Lot 277

1100-1300 AD. Byzantine. Gold ring with niello details comprising round hoop with Greek lettering and rosette-shaped plate bezel, depicting Christ with long hair and beard, flanked by the Greek letters “TAG†(AG = Agios, “holyâ€). Byzantium was justly famous for the elegance of its jewellery, whether in precious metals for the royalty and aristocracy, or in bronze for people further down the social ladder. This beautiful item may have belonged to a member of the nobility. In order to confirm its authenticity, this piece has undergone X-Ray Fluorescence analysis by an independent Belgian Laboratory. The samples collected show the chemical composition to reflect the typical metal contents of the described period, whilst also showing no modern trace elements in the patina.XRF certificate with full report will accompany this lot. All samples correspond to the metal content of the period specified; no modern trace elements were detected in the patina; expertly cleaned and conserved. Excellent condition; wearable.Size: D: 15.8mm / US: 5 1/8 / UK: K; 7g; Provenance: Property of a professional Ancient art and jewelry expert; previously with a London gallery; initially from a private British collection formed before 2000.

Lot 386

c. 475 BC – 221 BC. Warring States Period. Bronze spearhead with leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade and central midrib. The lower part of the spearhead comprises a circular socket; the sides of the socket are decorated with geometric patterns and a projecting bull’s head projection. The Warring States Period was an era of Chinese history characterised by extensive and ongoing conflict between a multitude of statelets and kingdoms which ultimately culminated in the Qin state’s victory and the first unification of China into a single empire. Excellent condition with a beautiful patina; on a custom-made stand; Size: L:292mm / W:42mm ; 330g; Provenance: From an old British collection of Asian Art formed in the 1990 on the UK and European art market.

Lot 370

1000-1500 AD, Medieval Crusader period. A large bronze pendant in the form of a Latin cross with flaring arms and a rounded suspension loop at the top. The front bears a moulded relief depiction of Christ with outstretched arms and legs to represent his crucifixion.. The Cross is the principal symbol of Christianity, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the redeeming benefits of his Passion and death. The cross is thus a sign both of Christ himself and of the faith of Christians. The cross that the Crusaders wore on their robes was a symbol of martyrdom, and to die in combat was considered a great honour that assured a place in heaven. This beautiful item may have belonged to a crusader knight, who travelled to the Holy land to defend his faith. Excellent condition.Size: L:44mm / W:26mm ; 5.7g; Provenance: Obtained from a L.F; previously in a collection formed in the 1980s on the UK art market.

Lot 300

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A bronze example of an axe or Perun amulet comprising a suspension loop and a stylised axe with a notched head, and impressed concentric circles intended to decorate the outward facing surface, some of which cluster around a circular opening in the axe blade's centre forming a quasi-floral motif. This type of amulet is modelled after the axe Molnia and is often seen as a counter part to the common Mjolnir amulet. Some associate these axe pendants with Perun who was the ruler of living world, sky and earth who used the axe to kill the snake that stole the earthly light. Excellent condition, with neck chain. Wearable; Size: L:32mm / W:50mm ; 10.8g; Provenance: Obtained from a B.C.F; previously in a collection formed in 1970s then passed by descent.

Lot 301

100-300 AD. Roman. Bronze key pendant with circular suspension loop, ribbed shank and L-shaped bit. Keys and locks were an important way of keeping one’s possessions safe under the Roman Empire, but since most Roman clothing did not feature pockets, it was important to find a way not to lose one’s keys! The usual way that Roman people achieved this was to wear their keys around their necks or as rings, as this well-preserved example demonstrates. Excellent condition; beautiful patina. Wearable; Size: L:60mm / W:20mm ; 16.4g; Provenance: Obtained from L.C. ; previously in a collection formed in the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 293

C. 100-300 AD. Roman. A heavy bronze armilla bracelet with rectangular section and sub-elliptical, recurved terminals. Armillae were armband style bracelets awarded as a military decoration. The rank of the soldier in question determined the metal from which the bracelet was made either gold, silver or bronze. These bracelets were not for everyday wear, but were occasion pieces worn at special military and civic events suchs a triumphs, religious ceremonies and games. Superb condition.Size: L:60mm / W:72mm ; 27g; Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK art market.

Lot 347

1000-1100 AD. Viking Age. Bronze cross with equal-length arms ending in circular terminals ornamented with equally spaced small circular ornamental details. The rectangular panels and circular terminals of the cross preserve traces of yellow enamel. The Cross is the principal symbol of Christianity, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the redeeming benefits of his Passion and death. The cross is thus a sign both of Christ himself and of the faith of Christians. The Vikings officially converted to Christianity during the 11th century, and this beautiful piece is a testament to their widespread adoption of the Christian faith. Good condition.Size: L:40mm / W:37mm ; 5.8g; Provenance: Obtained from L.C. ; previously in a collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 239

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze coiled bracelet intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also. given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;†Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beastâ€), also called the “Midgard Serpent,†is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He’s one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition; beautiful patina; Size: L:65mm / W:60mm ; 123g; Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market before 2000;

Lot 291

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A bronze bracelet with squared terminals and alternating incised crosses and horizontal lines. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Good condition; superb patina. Size: L:55mm / W:65mm ; 39g; Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s.

Lot 341

800-600 BC. Celtic Bronze Age. Heavy cast bronze bracelet with sheer terminals. In Celtic society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also. given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Good condition, beautiful patina; Size: L:55mm / W:75mm ; 65g; Provenance: Property of a London gentleman, formerly with the Parthenon gallery, previously in an old English collection formed in the 1980s.

Lot 372

1000-1500 AD, Medieval Crusader period. A bronze pendant in the form of a Greek cross with flaring arms and a rounded suspension loop at the top. The front bears a moulded relief of a cross. The Cross is the principal symbol of Christianity, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the redeeming benefits of his Passion and death. The cross is thus a sign both of Christ himself and of the faith of Christians. The cross that the Crusaders wore on their robes was a symbol of martyrdom, and to die in combat was considered a great honour that assured a place in heaven. This beautiful item may have belonged to a crusader knight, who travelled to the Holy land to defend his faith. Excellent condition.Size: L:37mm / W:24mm ; 6.9g; Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.

Lot 528

Ca.1070-945 B.C Egyptian. Egyptian bronze figure of God Osiris. The god is shown mummiform with a braided divine beard curved out at its tip, an atef-crown notched for plumes that is fronted by a uraeus, and a peaceful, idealized face. He is posed with the arms folded across the chest. Osiris is the most significant and important god in the Egyptians pantheon. He is known firstly as a god of fertility and then as a god of the underworld. He is usually depicted as a gold or green-faced man, to declare his association with the underworld. In his role of lord of the underworld he was associated with a pharaoh and is thus generally portrayed as a deceased pharaoh, as he is depicted on this figurine. Good condition; beautiful patina.Size: L:175mm w/o stand / W:50mm ; 525g; Provenance: Property of a London businessman; formerly in an old English collection; acquired in the 80s and 90s.

Lot 265

c. 2000-1000 BC, Amlash culture. Bronze anthropomorphic amulet of a female figure, probably a goddess, show in profile, with her arms by her sides. She appears to wear a heavy dress which flows a far as her ankles; a thick belt runs around her waist. A round suspension loop is visible on the reverse. The Amlash culture refers to an assortment of historic materials and periods in Northern Iran, enduring for many centuries. This item may attest to religious practice in Amlash culture societies. Good condition; professionally restrung; Size: L:75mm / W:50mm ; 28.6g; Provenance: Property of a West London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/International art market in the 1980s.

Lot 304

C. 3500 BC. Sumerian. Bronze head comprising a grotesque head with prominent nose and grimacing mouth, depicting Pasuzu. In ancient Sumerian religion, Pasuzu was king of the demons and the wind, as well as the bearer of storms. This pendant may have once belonged to a worshipper of this powerful and malevolent figure. Good condition; wearable. Size: L:30mm / W:10mm ; 13.2g; Provenance: Property of a London gentleman, formerly with the Parthenon gallery, previously in an old English collection formed in the 1970s.

Lot 416

1200-700 BC. Bronze Age. Beautiful bronze axe head with short, curved blade, triangular cheek, rounded socket and handle-sleeve and a spiked projection on the reverse. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Axes, swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition; superb patina. On a custom-made stand.Size: L:85mm / W:185mm ; 855g; rovenance: Obtained on the London art market in the early 2000s; formerly from the collection of an English Family, by descents form the 1970s.

Lot 285

Ca. 700-1100 AD. Viking Age. A thick cast Viking era bronze 'Omega' penannular brooch with circular hoop, rounded section, a broad, arrow-shaped pin and two projecting trapezoidal plates bearing elaborate geometric motifs. Brooches were an important part of Viking culture and were worn by both men and women. These items were multifunction with their most basic purpose being clothing fasteners while their more ostentatious role was to serve as a display of wealth. Brooches such as this one were status symbols, tradable goods in lieu of currency, and are often found as grave goods to provision the dead for the afterlife. For more general information on Viking Jewellery see Arbman, H. Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Good condition; wearable. Size: L:55mm / W:26.6mm ; 8.6g, Provenance: Private collection of an Oxford professional, formed in the 1970s-1990s on the UK art market.

Lot 500

900-600 BC. Etruscan. Beautiful bronze bowl with out-turned rim, conical body, and flattened bottom. Rows of horizontal line decoration run around the exterior below the rim. The Etruscans were an Italic people who occupied the area of modern Tuscany and neighbouring regions in Italy in the pre-Roman period, before coming into conflict and eventually being conquered by Rome. Bowls such as this one would have been used by the Etruscans both for serving food in domestic contexts and in making offerings to the gods during ceremonial occasions. Excellent condition; beautiful patina; on a custom stand. Size: L:75mm / W:210mm ; 615g; Provenance: Private collection of an Oxford professional, formed in the 1970s-1990s on the UK art market.

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