AN ARCHAISTIC SILVER AND GILT-INLAID BRONZE VESSEL, POU, CHINA, 17TH CENTURYThe large apple-shaped vessel supported on a short stem raised on a flared foot and from there to a tapered rim. The body finely decorated with four panels of elaborate taotie masks with dragon and phoenix heads in high relief, neatly embellished with silver and gilt inlays, against a leiwen ground, all above similarly cast pendent cicada leaves with scroll decorations, below a band of floral diaper. The bronze with a fine dark patina, with malachite and cuprite encrustations to the interior.Provenance: Belgian trade. Condition: Expected wear and weathering, substantial corrosion to the interior and base, wear to inlays, cracks, flaking, losses, and light scratches.Weight: 8 kg Dimensions: Height 27.6 cm Literature comparison: Compare a related pou vessel illustrated in Christian Deydier's book Chinese Bronzes, Fribourg, 1980, pp. 204. Compare a related archaistic bronze vessel dated to the late Ming dynasty, 16th-17th century, 23 cm high, in the British Museum, registration number 1988,1007.1.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Sotheby's New York, 15 September 2018, lot 1077 Price: USD 16,250 or approx. EUR 18,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: An inlaid archaistic bronze vessel, pou, Ming dynasty Expert remark: Compare the related form, albeit with different decoration and inlays. Note the related size (26.4 cm). 十七世紀錯金銀銅郶圓口、深腹、圈足。器身飾有四幅高浮雕饕餮面具、龍鳳首，錯銀鎏金，雷紋地，腹部飾蟬紋。銅郶有著細膩的綠色包漿，內部有紅藍結殼。 來源：比利時古玩交易。 品相：有磨損和風化、內部和底座腐蝕、鑲嵌磨損、裂紋、剝落和輕微劃痕。 重量：8 公斤 尺寸：高27.6 厘米 文獻比較： 比較一件相近的瓿 ，見《Christian Deydier's book Chinese Bronzes》，Fribourg，1980年，頁204。比較一件相近的明末十六至十七世紀仿古瓿，23 厘米高，收藏於大英博物館，館藏編號1988,1007.1。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約蘇富比，2018年9月15日，lot 1077 價格：USD 16,250（相當於今日EUR 18,000） 描述：明銅仿古紋嵌石瓿 專家評論：比較相近的外形，儘管不同的裝飾和鑲嵌。請注意相近尺寸(26.4 厘米)。
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A SMALL BRONZE CENSER WITH A ZITAN COVER, QING DYNASTYChina, 1644-1912. The compressed body supported on a short spreading foot and rising to an everted rim, the sides cast with two well detailed lion-mask handles. The domed zitan cover is finely carved and pierced with ruyi designs, surmounted by a small jade finial modeled as a kneeling figure, both dating from the same period.Provenance: English trade.Condition: Very good condition with some old wear and casting irregularities, small nicks, light scratches. The bronze with a rich copper-brown patina. The wooden cover with minuscule natural age cracks.Weight: 945 gDimensions: Diameter 10.6 cm, Height 15 cm (total) The recessed base with an apocryphal six-character reign mark da Ming Xuande nianzhi.Literature comparison:Compare a related bronze censer in the National Museum of History, Taipei, included in the exhibition Guan cang ya diao ji Ming Qing tong lu te zhan: Rekishi Hakubutsukan korekushon zōge chōkoku oyobi Min Shin dōro shōrai tokuten, Kumamote City Museum, Kumamote, 1997, cat. no. 245.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Christie's London, 9 November 2011, lot 663Price: GBP 5,000 or approx. EUR 9,300 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A Chinese bronze censer, 17th/18th centuryExpert remark: Compare the closely related lion mask handles. Note the larger size (28.5 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Christie's Amsterdam, 13 December 2012, lot 539Price: EUR 9,375 or approx. EUR 12,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A Chinese bronze censer, 19th century, with Zhengde six-character mark to the baseExpert remark: Compare the closely related lion mask handles. Note the larger size (22.7 cm).This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person. 清代紫檀蓋銅香爐中國，1644-1912年。鑄造精美，口外撇，束頸，鼓腹下垂，高圈足。頸部一對獅面輔首。圓頂紫檀蓋雕工精細，鏤空如意紋，玉人蓋鈕。兩者都是同一時期的。 來源：英國古玩交易。 品相：狀況非常好，有一些磨損和鑄造不規則、小刻痕、輕微劃痕，濃郁的銅棕色光澤。木蓋上有微小的自然老化裂紋。 重量：945 克 尺寸：直徑10.6 厘米，總高15 厘米。 底座内六字寄托款“大明宣德年製"。文獻比較： 比較一件相近的銅爐，收藏於臺北歷史博物館，展覽於《館藏牙雕暨明清銅爐特展圖錄》，熊本市博物館，熊本市，1997年，圖錄編號245。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：倫敦佳士得，2011年11月9日， lot 663 價格：GBP 5,000（相當於今日EUR 9,300） 描述：十七至十八世紀銅爐 專家評論：比較非常相近的獅輔面耳。請注意尺寸較大 (28.5厘米)。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：阿姆斯特丹佳士得，2012年12月13日，lot 539 價格：EUR 9,375（相當於今日EUR 12,500） 描述：正德款十九世紀銅爐 專家評論：比較非常相近的獅輔面耳。請注意尺寸較大 (22.7厘米)。
A MANCHU OFFICIAL'S BRONZE SEAL, QIANLONG MARK AND PERIOD, DATED 1747 BY INSCRIPTION, THE SEAL FACE INSCRIBED IN MANCHU AND CHINESEOf rectangular form with a tapering columnar handle. The top and base of the seal are inscribed in Manchu and Chinese, while the two long sides bear exclusively Chinese script, numbering and dating the seal.Inscriptions: To the top and the seal face, in Manchu and Chinese: 'Zhang jia kou tai zhan you lu jun li bu zao' [The official in charge of] Zhangjiakou, commissioned by the Ministry of Rites.To the first long side, in Chinese 'Number 1336 of Qian'.To the second long side, in Chinese 'On the […] day of the sixth month in the twelfth year of the Qianlong period'.Provenance: West Berkshire, United Kingdom, local trade. By repute acquired from a private estate. Condition: Good condition with expected old wear, some casting irregularities, corrosion, occasional scratches, few minuscule nicks, and small dents. Remnants of red seal paste. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown, dark patina.Weight: 1,082 g Dimensions: Size 8.9 x 8.8 x 6 cm Zhangjiakou, also known as Kalgan and by several other names, is a city in northwestern Hebei province. Since ancient times, it has been a stronghold of military significance and vied for by multiple sides, hence nicknamed the 'Northern Gate of Beijing'. Due to its strategic position on several important transport arteries, it is a critical node for travel between Hebei and Inner Mongolia and connecting northwest China, Mongolia, and Beijing. Dajingmen, an important gate and junction of the Great Wall of China is located here. From 1727 it was a major station for the Kyakhta trade between Russia and China. In early autumn long lines of camels would come in from all quarters for the conveyance of the tea chests from 'Kalgan' (Zhangjiakou) to Kyakhta across the Gobi Desert. Each caravan usually made three journeys in the winter. In the 19th century, some Russian merchants had permanent residences and warehouses just outside the gate.The Ministry of Rites (Libu) was one of the Six Ministries of government in Imperial China. It was first formed during the Tang dynasty in the 7th century and lasted for well over a thousand years, until the 1911 Xinhai Revolution. It was responsible for state ceremonies, rituals, and sacrifices, overseeing the registers for Buddhist and Daoist priesthoods and even the reception of envoys from tributary states. It also managed imperial examinations as well as China's foreign relations prior to the establishment of the Zongli Yamen in 1861.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related bronze Manchu official's seal of Zhongzheng dian Nianjin chu tu Ji (Chanting place of Zhongzheng hall), 9.1 x 5.6 x 5.6 cm, dated 1729, illustrated in Chan Hou Seng, The Life of Emperor Qian Long, Macao Museum of Art, 2002.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Galerie Zacke, Vienna, 15 October 2021, lot 53 Price: EUR 9,480 or approx. EUR 11,000 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze Manchu official's seal, Guanfang, dated 1796 by inscription, Jiaqing mark and period, the seal face inscribed in Manchu and Chinese Expert remark: Compare the closely related form and inscriptions. Note the gilding, later date, and the size (11.1 x 9.7 x 6.3 cm). 乾隆款及年代1747年清代滿族官員銅印銅質精良，方形，圓柱鈕。印台四周及台面相間鐫刻滿文，漢文。 款識：乾字一千三百三十六號：乾隆十二年六月日；張家口台站右路軍第三臺參領圖記；禮部造 來源：英國西伯克郡，當地貿易，據説來自知名私人遺產。品相：狀況良好，有磨損、一些鑄造不規則、腐蝕、局部劃痕、一些微小的刻痕和小凹痕。紅色印章殘餘。銅印有細膩、自然的包漿。 重量：1,082 克 尺寸：8.9 x 8.8 x 6 厘米 文獻比較： 比較一件非常相近的1729年銅製「中正殿念經處圖記」，9.1 x 5.6 x 5.6 厘米，見Chan Hou Seng，《懷抱古今‧乾隆御筆》，澳門藝術博物館，2002年。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：Galerie Zacke，維也納，2021年10月15日，lot 53 價格：EUR 9,480（相當於今日EUR 11,000） 描述：嘉慶内務府三旗護軍營參領關防 專家評論：比較非常相近的外形和款識。請注意鎏金，年代較晚和尺寸 (11.1 x 9.7 x 6.3 厘米)。
A PAIR OF LARGE BRONZE 'DRAGON' CENSER AND COVERS, QING DYNASTYChina, 19th century. The body is well-cast with aquatic creatures against rolling waves, the sides set with a pair of upright chilong-form handles, all supported on cabriole legs issuing from monster masks terminating in paw feet. The reticulated cover is cast as a large, coiled dragon, its writhing body disappearing beneath swirling clouds only to resurface on the other side, the head forming the knop. The base with an archaistic inscription.Each censer raised on a separately cast, matching openwork stand decorated with prunus blossoms. (6)Provenance: From an old private collection in Ireland. Condition: Good condition with expected old wear and some casting flaws, light scratches, minor losses, and small dents. Good and solid patina overall.Weight: 8.5 kg (each) Dimensions: Height 49 cm and 49.3 cm Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Sotheby's New York, 19 March 2016, lot 1359 Price: USD 43,750 or approx. EUR 52,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze 'dragon' censer and cover, Qing dynasty, 19th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related form and decoration. Note that this lot consists only of a single censer which also lacks the matching stand. 清代一對龍紋蓋爐中國，十九世紀。 雙耳爐，四獸面紋腿，爐蓋上鏤空雕刻滾滾波浪中飛龍騰躍，如意祥雲紋。底座上刻有仿古銘文。每個香爐均單獨鑄造，底座鏤空飾有花卉紋。(6) 來源：愛爾蘭私人舊藏 品相：狀況良好，有磨損和一些鑄造缺陷、輕微劃痕、缺損和小凹痕，整體包漿良好且堅實。 重量：各8.5公斤 尺寸：高 49 厘米與49.3 厘米拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：紐約蘇富比，2016年3月19日，lot 1359 價格：USD 43,750（相當於今日EUR 52,000） 描述：清十九世紀銅龍首蓋爐 專家評論：比較非常相近的外形和裝飾。請注意此僅由一個香爐組成，也沒有相應底座。
A LARGE GILT-LACQUERED BRONZE 'BUDDHIST LION' CENSER AND COVER, QING DYNASTYChina, 1644-1912. Finely cast, the removable head raised with the mouth agape showing sharp fangs, the scrolling mane and brows neatly incised, the fierce expression marked by wide bulging eyes, flanked by funnel-shaped ears, the body further detailed with stylized flames and a bushy tail.Provenance: English trade.Condition: Very good condition with expected old wear and some casting irregularities, flaking and losses to lacquer, tiny chips, small nicks, light scratches. Good patina overall.Weight: 5,508 gDimensions: Height 33 cm Auction result comparison:Type: Related Auction: Christie's Hong Kong, 30 November 2016, lot 3245 Price: HKD 400,000 or approx. EUR 53,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A polychrome lacquered bronze 'lions' censer, Qing dynasty, 17th centuryExpert remark: Compare the related manner of casting with similar features and scrolling mane as well as the polychrome and gilt lacquer. Note the smaller size (22.5 cm) and that the censer depicts two lions.Auction result comparison:Type: Related Auction: Sotheby's Hong Kong, 7 April 2014, lot 204 Price: HKD 750,000 or approx. EUR 108,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A gilt-bronze 'Buddhist lion' incense burner and cover late Ming/Early Qing dynastyExpert remark: Compare the related pose, removable head, and manner of casting. Note the heavy gilding. 清代銅漆金太獅蓋爐中國，1644-1912年。銅鑄太獅蓋爐，體態健碩渾圓，仰首傲立，雙目圓瞪，炯炯有神，整體氣勢威嚴；腹部中空，可作香薰使用，口張開，以便香味飄散；其面相、毛髮、獸爪等細節刻畫栩栩如生，線條流暢精細。 來源：英國古玩交易。 品相：狀況非常好，有舊磨損、鑄造瑕疵、剝落和漆層缺損、微小碎片、小刻痕、輕微劃痕。整體包漿良好。 重量：5,508 克 尺寸：高33 厘米 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：香港佳士得，2016年11月30日，lot 3245 價格：HKD 400,000（相當於今日EUR 53,500） 描述：清初銅加漆三獅爐 專家評論：比較相近的鑄造風格，具有相似的特徵和滾動鬃毛，以及彩色和鍍金漆。請注意尺寸較小(22.5 厘米) ，以及香爐有兩件獅子。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：香港蘇富比，2014年4月7日，lot 204 價格：HKD 750,000（相當於今日EUR 108,000） 描述：明末 / 清初鎏金銅佛獅薰爐 專家評論：比較相近的姿勢、可拆卸頭和鑄造風格。請注意重鎏金。
A COPPER-ALLOY FIGURE OF MANJUSHRI, WESTERN TIBET, 11TH-12TH CENTURYStanding on a circular pedestal in a slight tribhanga and brandishing the wisdom sword with his raised hand, the other resting on his waist, the bodhisattva wearing a short dhoti tied with a sash to the waist. His serene face with heavy-lidded eyes below gently arched brows, flanked by elongated earlobes with spiral earrings, further framed by his hair cascading elegantly in curled strands over the shoulders and piled up into a topknot. To the back, two tangs, one at the base and the other raised in the center.Provenance: From a noted private collection in Southern Germany.Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age, displaying remarkably well. Extensive wear, some weathering, and expected casting irregularities. Small nicks, dents and losses, light surface scratches and minor bending.Weight: 312 gDimensions: Height 14.7 cm Manjushri is understood as the personification of awakened knowledge. He displays the palm-leaf manuscript (pustaka), in his left hand here, which is his principal identifier. In his right hand, he wields a sword, symbolizing the cutting away of all impediments to enlightenment.This expressive bronze would likely have formed the centerpiece of a triad in which Vajrapani and Avalokiteshvara flank Manjushri, representing the 'Three Lords' derived from the Kriya Tantra.Auction result comparison:Type: Closely relatedAuction: Bonhams New York, 19 March 2019, lot 892Price: USD 31,325 or approx. EUR 34,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A copper alloy figure of Manjushri, Western Tibet, Kashmir style, 11th/12th centuryExpert remark: Note the similar size (15.2 cm).Auction result comparison:Type: Closely relatedAuction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 2 October 2018, lot 171Price: HKD 81,250 or approx. EUR 10,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A brass alloy figure of Manjushri, Western Tibet, 11th/12th centuryExpert remark: Note the slightly larger size (17 cm). 西藏十一至十二世紀銅合金文殊立像菩薩身著半肩式袈裟，三屈式站在圓形基座上，一手舉起智慧劍，另一手放在腰上。 他面容平靜，雙眼微閉，兩側是細長的耳垂，耳垂上戴著螺旋耳環，頭髮捲曲盤成頂髻。背面有兩個支腳，一個位於底部，另一個位於背後。 來源：南德知名私人收藏。 品相：品相良好，大面積磨損、一些風化以及小缺口、凹痕和缺損、輕微表面劃痕和輕微彎曲。 重量：312 克 尺寸：高14.7 厘米 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：紐約邦翰斯，2019年3月19日，lot 892 價格：USD 31,325（相當於今日EUR 34,000） 描述：藏西克什米爾風格十一/十二世紀文殊菩薩銅像 專家評論：請注意相似的尺寸(15.2 厘米)。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：香港邦翰斯，2018年10月2日，lot 171 價格：HKD 81,250（相當於今日EUR 10,500） 描述：藏西十一/十二世紀文殊菩薩銅像 專家評論：請注意尺寸較大 (17 厘米)。
A GILT-BRONZE AND TURQUOISE-INLAID FIGURE OF VAJRASATTVA, KASHMIR STYLE, WEST TIBET, 12TH CENTURYFinely cast seated in dhyanasana on a lotus base with the left hand holding a ghanta, the right raised holding an upright vajra. The deity richly adorned in beaded jewelry, and dressed in dhoti incised with foliate decorations at the hem. The serene face with heavy-lidded downcast eyes, flanked by elongated earlobes pendent with large earrings on either side. The hair arranged in a tall chignon behind a two-tiered, pointed crown. The base with two rectangular apertures to the back. Two tiers of heavenly bands, one on each side, characteristic for region and period.Provenance: Belgian trade.Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive natural wear, expected casting flaws, minor nicks, light scratches, few small cracks and deflections. Remnants of ancient pigments. The gilt on the face well-preserved, stopping before the necklace. One turquoise inlay to one earring lost, of the second only a fragment remains.Weight: 270.8 gDimensions: Height 14.2 cm This handsome figure of Vajrasattva is an example of early Western Tibetan sculpture borrowing the artistic style of Kashmir. As noted by Pal, it is known that Kashmiri artists were physically present in Western Tibetan monasteries during the 11th and 12th centuries (see Pal, Bronzes of Kashmir, New York, 1975, p.241). Given its geographical proximity, the art of northwestern India had a more immediate influence on the evolution of early Western Tibetan style than Pala art. In particular, the three-leaf crown, the treatment of his pectoral muscles, and facial chubbiness are all reminiscent of Kashmiri bronzes.Literature review:Compare a closely related gilt-bronze figure from a private collection, illustrated on Himalayan Art Resources, item number 61596.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Bonhams Paris, 11-19 December 2022, lot 806Price: EUR 19,125 or approx. EUR 20,000 adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: Brass Vajrasattva statuette, Western Himalayas, circa 11th centuryExpert remark: Note the near-identical size (14 cm). 西藏十二世紀銅鎏金嵌綠松石金剛薩陲，克什米爾風格金剛薩陲全跏趺坐，雙手分別持金剛鈴和金剛杵。雙眉高挑，眼睛豆莢狀，自然舒展，鼻樑挺直，嘴角微微上揚。面部圓潤飽滿，額頭寬平，髮髻高聳。耳環造型複雜。上身袒裸，下身著裙，腰間系腰帶，嵌綠松石，項鍊、臂釧、手鐲、足釧俱足。裙裝鏨刻刻有立體花紋。身形纖細修長，頭微微左傾，面容沉定。金色明亮。細節處更見別緻，裝飾細帶，在手肘處打有一結，凸顯別緻。來源：比利時古玩交易。 品相：品相良好，自然磨損、輕微的刻痕、劃痕、少量的小裂紋、顏料殘餘。臉上的鎏金保存完好，停在項鍊之上。 一隻耳環上的一顆綠松石鑲嵌物丟失了，第二隻耳環只剩下一塊碎片。 重量：270.8 克 尺寸：高14.2 厘米 文獻比較： 比較一件非常相近的私人收藏鎏金銅像，見Himalayan Art Resources，館藏編號61596。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：巴黎邦翰斯，2022年12月11-19日，lot 806 價格：EUR 19,125（相當於今日EUR 20,000） 描述：藏西 約十一世紀金剛薩埵銅像 專家評論：請注意幾乎相同尺寸(14 厘米)。
A COMPLETE SET OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC ZODIAC FIGURES, PAINTED POTTERY, TANG DYNASTYExpert's note: It is rare to find a complete set of twelve zodiac animals. The present set is also unusual for the crispness of its modeling, especially the inspired sculpturing of the heads, with each face showing a unique expression and character. Special care was given to the ox, tiger, and monkey sculptures who are the only figures robed in red, black, and yellow, possibly suggesting a personal connection between the original owners and these years.China, 618-907. Each modeled as a human figure standing ramrod straight with hands clasped beneath the long sleeves of court robes belted below the waist, falling in crisp folds and fanning out in a circle over the tips of their shoes. The robes in shades of red, yellow, cream, and brown. The heads finely modeled comprising the complete group of twelve animals of the Zodiac: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. (12)Provenance: From a private collection in Sussex, United Kingdom, assembled during the 1990s, and thence by descent.Condition: Excellent condition overall, commensurate with age. Wear, weathering and erosion, the original pigments partially faded. Minor chips, cracks, and losses. Soil encrustations. Possibly with small old repairs here and there, as expected from ancient potteries aged more than a millennia.Scientific Analysis Report: A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by Oxford Authentication on 19 April 2021, based on sample number C121c56, sets the firing date of two samples taken between 900 and 1500 years ago. A copy of the report, signed by Doreen Stoneham for Oxford Authentication, accompanies this lot.Weight: 14.9 kg Dimensions: Height 31 cm (the tallest) Zodiac figures first appeared during the Han dynasty as artisans began casting representations of the animals in bronze as offerings. Form the Northern Wei dynasty (386-534 AD) onwards, the zodiacal animals began to be anthropomorphized, such as in the present lot, and often functioned as grave goods. The heads of each of these figures were molded separately from the bodies and were attached before firing. The hollow interior can be seen from the base, which was necessary to access when attaching the heads to the bodies. Remnants of the sculptors fingerprints are preserved in the interior of many of these figures.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related complete set of twelve zodiac animals, each 30.5 cm high, dated to the 8th century, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 2000.662.7a-l. A related complete set of twelve pottery Zodiac figures, Tang dynasty, unearthed in the suburbs of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province in 1955 and currently in the Museum of Chinese History, Beijing, was included in the exhibition China. 5000 Years: Innovation and Transformation in the Arts, The Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1998, cat. no. 108. A related complete set of twelve zodiac animals, excavated in 1950 at Ba Qiao, Shaanxi Province, and currently in the Shaanxi Beiling Museum, was included in the exhibition Gilded Dragons, The British Museum, London, 1999, no. 63. Compare a related set of five zodiac animals, 25.4 cm high, dated to the Tang dynasty, in the Minneapolis Institute of Art, accession numbers 50.46.197-50.46.201.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 16 January 2019, lot 69 Price: USD 35,000 or approx. EUR 38,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A set of six Chinese large painted red pottery zodiac figures, Tang dynasty Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of painting. Note the size (54.2 cm) and that this lot is an incomplete set of only six figures, as opposed to the present lot which is a complete set of twelve. 唐代彩繪十二生肖陶俑中國, 618-907年。由于平台拍品叙述的长度限制，我们移除了中文叙述，完整中文叙述请至www.zacke.at查看
A BRONZE FIGURE OF VAJRAPANI, TIBET, 13TH-14TH CENTURYFinely cast striding in alidhasana, trampling on a prostrate figure atop a lotus pedestal, holding a vajra in his raised right hand and a ghanta in his left, wearing a tiger skin dhoti and a billowing scarf, adorned with a garland of severed heads (mundamala) and beaded jewelry. His face with a fierce expression, the mouth agape showing sharp teeth, the almond-shaped eyes and arched brows centered by an oval urna, the neatly incised flaming hair secured by a skull tiara tied on both sides, all flanked by a flaming mandorla.The sealed base incised with a double vajra emblem.Provenance: From a private collection in the United Kingdom, by repute acquired from Kenny & Higgins Asian Art, Washington DC, USA. David Kenny and Kitty Higgins are prominent dealers of Asian art. Their expertise in Asian antiquities grew out of their deep passion for exploring and traveling. Beginning in the South American textile trade, David and Kitty found themselves slowly immersing in Asian culture out of an insatiable curiosity. After publishing several books on Asian art, both continue to work in the field of Asian antiquities. Condition: Good condition with significant old wear, expected casting irregularities, dents and nicks, obvious losses. Remnants of ancient gilt and pigment. The bronze is covered in a rich, naturally grown patina overall.Weight: 369.1 g Dimensions: 12.9 cm Vajrapani is regarded as one of the eight heart-sons of Shakyamuni Buddha. In the tradition of Vajrayana Buddhism, Vajrapani is typically shown in a wrathful form and historically he is the main recipient, holder and protector of all the Tantra texts and teachings received from the Buddha Shakyamuni. Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 17 September 1998, lot 101 Price: USD 6,900 or approx. EUR 12,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of Vajrapani, Tibet, 14th/15th century Expert remark: Compare a the related pose, fierce expression, and lotus pedestal. Note the simpler tiara and adornments, as well as the size (20.2 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 20 September 2006, lot 122 Price: USD 19,200 or approx. EUR 27,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of Vajrapani, Tibet 11th century Expert remark: Compare the related pose and garland of severed heads. Note the better-preserved mandorla and nimbus as well as the earlier dating. Also note the size (14.5 cm). 西藏十三至十四世紀金剛手菩薩銅像金剛手菩薩雙目圓睜，雙眉之間有白毫，蓄短鬚，忿怒相，袒胸露腹，頭戴骷髏花冠，火焰狀的赤飄揚於頭頂，左手持金剛鈴，右手高舉金剛杵，下身著虎皮裙，左展姿立於蓮座之上。後有光背。封底刻有雙金剛杵印記。 來源：英國私人收藏，據說是從美國華盛頓特區Kenny & Higgins Asian Art藝廊購得。David Kenny和Kitty Higgins是著名的亞洲藝術品經銷商。他們在亞洲文物方面的專業知識源於他們對探索和旅行的濃厚熱情。從南美紡織品貿易開始，David和Kitty有著永不滿足的好奇心，慢慢沉浸在亞洲文化中。他們先後出版了幾本有關亞洲藝術的書並繼續在亞洲古董領域工作。 品相：狀況良好，有磨損、鑄造不規則、凹痕和刻痕、明顯缺損，鎏金和顏料的殘留物。銅器整體覆蓋著一層自然包漿。 重量：369.1 克 尺寸：12.9 厘米 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得，1998年9月17日，lot 101 價格：USD 6,900（相當於今日EUR 12,000） 描述：十四至十五世紀金剛手菩薩銅像 專家評論：比較一件相近的姿勢，兇猛的表情和蓮座。請注意較簡單的王冠和光背，以及尺寸 (20.2 厘米)。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得，2006年9月20日，lot 122 價格：USD 19,200（相當於今日EUR 27,500） 描述：十一世紀金剛手菩薩銅像 專家評論：比較相近的姿勢和花環。請注意保存較好的曼陀羅和雨雲，以及年代較早。請注意尺寸 (14.5 厘米)。
A LARGE BRONZE HEAD OF BUDDHA, YUAN - EARLY MING DYNASTY, CHINA, 14TH-15TH CENTURYExpert's note: The head of the Buddha reflects profound contemplation. It was undoubtedly a component of a larger statue, approximately 70-80 cm in height, and probably salvaged after the remaining parts of the statue were destroyed in a fire. There are slight indications of fire damage on the right side of the deity's face, serving as a testament to this incident. The partially closed eyes capture the essence of Buddha's meditation, while the intricately carved facial features highlight his vibrant serenity and inner tranquility.The massively cast head is flanked by elongated earlobes, surmounted by an ushnisha and covered with a multitude of snail shell curls in high relief. The face shows prominent brows, heavy-lidded eyes, and a sharp nose above the bow-shaped lips outlining a indulgent smile.Provenance: Jacques Barrere, Paris, France. A copy of the signed expertise from Jacques Barrere Art D'Extrême Orient, dated 10 November 1999, confirming the dating above, accompanies this lot. The Jacques Barrere Gallery is located in the heart of Paris, in the Saint-Germain-des-Pres district. Since 1969, it has held exhibitions to promote and preserve Far-Eastern art. The gallery specializes in Chinese sculpture, archaeology, ceramics and decorative arts, as well as Japanese works of art and porcelain. Statuary art from Gandhara, India or South-East Asia is also regularly displayed. Objects once owned by Barrere are now in major museums around the world, including the Guimet, the Cernuschi, and the Shanghai Museum. The Barrere gallery is a regular exhibitor at TEFAF in Maastricht.Condition: Good condition commensurate with age and size, showing significant old wear and weathering, minimal corrosion, and expected casting flaws. Some dents, losses, and minor fire damage. Magnificent naturally grown patina overall.Weight: 11.4 kgHeight: Height 18 cm (excl. base) and 32 cm (incl. base) Mounted on an associated base. (2)Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Sotheby's New York, 20 March 2019, lot 680Price: USD 137,500 or approx. EUR 150,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A large bronze figure of Shakyamuni Ming Dynasty, 16th-17th centuryExpert remark: Note the size of the complete figure here is 54.6 cm, resulting in a size of 14.5 cm for the head itself, which is smaller than the present lot with a height of 18 cm. 十四至十五世紀元至明初大型銅佛陀頭像圓臉，表情寧靜，半閉的柳葉形眼睛，狹窄的鼻樑，柳葉形眉。笑容慈祥，側面長耳垂，螺髻。 來源：法國巴黎Jacques Barrere; 此拍品附有Jacques Barrere Art D'Extrême Orient 藝廊於 1999 年 11 月 10 日簽署的專業意見的副本，確認了上述日期。Jacques Barrere藝廊位於巴黎市中心的聖日耳曼德佩區。自1969年以來，它一直舉辦展覽以推廣和保護遠東藝術。該藝廊專注於中國雕塑、考古、陶瓷和裝飾藝術，以及日本藝術品和瓷器，也定期展出來自犍陀羅、印度或東南亞的雕像藝術。Jacques Barrere曾經擁有的藏品現在分佈在世界各地的重要博物館中，包括吉美博物館、賽努奇博物館和上海博物館。Barrere 藝廊經常參加馬斯特里赫特 TEFAF 博覽會。 品相：狀況良好，顯示出明顯的磨損和風化、輕微腐蝕和鑄造缺陷，一些凹痕、缺損和輕微的火災損壞。自然包漿。 重量：11.4 公斤 尺寸：高18 厘米 (不含底座)，32 厘米 (含底座) 配置底座（2）拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：紐約蘇富比，2019年3月20日，lot 680 價格：USD 137,500（相當於今日EUR 150,000） 描述：明十六 / 十七世紀銅釋迦牟尼佛坐像 專家評論：此像的完整尺寸為 54.6 厘米，頭部尺寸為 14.5 厘米，比本拍品的高度 18 厘米要小。
A GILT COPPER-ALLOY FIGURE OF KUNZANG AKOR, BON TRADITION, TIBET, 14TH-15TH CENTURYKunzang Akor is seated in padmasana, hands held in dhyanamudra on his lap, wearing elaborate jeweled necklaces. His serene face with heavy-lidded eyes below gently arched brows centered by an urna, framed by his hair falling elegantly in curled strands over the shoulders and piled up into a topknot behind the elaborate foliate crown. The mantra 'AH' is cast on his chest. The sealed base is incised with a double-lined wan symbol.Provenance: From an old Austrian collection. The base with a collector's label, '515. 24T.' Condition: Fine condition, commensurate with age. Some wear, mostly to gilt, and expected casting irregularities. Small nicks, dents and losses, minor warping, and light surface scratches. The base is sealed. Fine, naturally grown patina with some cuprite and malachite encrustations.Weight: 826.6 g Dimensions: Height 17.3 cm The deity Kunzang Akor is the meditational form of Shenlha Okar. As in the present example, he is generally recognized by the Tibetan letter 'AH' placed on the chest at the level of the heart. The two hands are placed in the lap and hold the stems of two flower blossoms supporting a stylized yungdrung symbol on the right and a vase on the left. There are numerous traditions of ritual cycles and meditation practices for Kunzang Akor. It is also common to have a sculpture of Kunzang Akor created as a death memorial. While in Tibetan Buddhism it is more common to have a painting created in memoriam, a sculpture is more common in the Bon Religion. The Tibetan lettering on the chest, not found on Buddhist sculpture, confirms that this deity is from the Bon tradition. For a closely related example, see S. Karmay and J. Watt, Bon: The Magic Word, 2007, page 50, fig. 38. Auction result comparison:Type: Closely relatedAuction: Sotheby's Paris, 12 December 2013, lot 240Price: EUR 18,750 or approx. EUR 24,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: Statuette Bun de Kunzang Akor en bronze dore Tibet, XVE siecleAuction result comparison:Type: Closely relatedAuction: Christie's New York, 20 March 2009, lot 1356Price: USD 13,750 or approx. EUR 18,000 adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A Gilt Bronze Figure of Kunzang Akor, Tibet, 14th/15th Century 西藏十四至十五世紀合金銅貢桑阿闊像，苯教傳統貢桑阿闊成蓮花坐姿，手結禪定印，佩戴精緻的寶石項鍊。他面容平靜，雙眼微閉，眉毛微彎，雙眉之間有白毫，頭髮捲曲，垂在肩上，部分在精緻的葉冠后成一個高髻。他的胸口鑄有三字明咒中的“啊"。密封的底座上刻有萬字符。 來源：奧地利私人舊藏，底座收藏標籤 '515. 24T.' 品相：品相完好，有些磨損，主要是鎏金部分，小缺口、凹痕和缺損、輕微翹曲和輕微表面劃痕。底座密封。精美的天然包漿，帶有一些紅綠色結殼。 重量：826.6 克 尺寸：高17.3 厘米 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：巴黎蘇富比，2013年12月12日，lot 240 價格：EUR 18,750（相當於今日EUR 24,000） 描述：西藏十五世紀鍍金銅貢桑阿闊像 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得， 2009年3月20日，lot 1356 價格：USD 13,750（相當於今日EUR 18,000） 描述：十四至十五世紀鎏金銅貢桑阿闊像
A BRONZE FIGURE OF BUDDHA, NEPAL, 14TH-15TH CENTURYHeavily cast seated in dhyanasana with the right hand lowered in bhumisparsha mudra and the left on the lap, wearing a long-flowing robe, the folds gathering below the feet, the serene face with downcast eyes, a sharp nose, the mouth with a gentle smile, flanked by elongated ears, the hair in tight curls surmounted by an ushnisha. The bronze with a rich, smooth, naturally grown patina with malachite encrustations.Provenance: An important European private collection, the base with an old collector's label, 'Buddha Nepal 10th C.' Sotheby's Paris, 16 June 2022, lot 112. A German private collection, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with old wear and minor casting irregularities, tiny dents, small nicks, light scratches, and few microscopic losses. The base is pierced with two holes to the front and one hole to the back.Weight: 427.6 g (excl. stand)Dimensions: Height 11 cm (excl. stand) and 15 cm (incl. stand) With an associated fitted wood stand. (2)Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Sotheby's Paris, 16 November 2022, lot 60 Price: EUR 32,760 or approx. EUR 34,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A rare large bronze figure of Shakyamuni Buddha Tibet, ca. 14th century Expert remark: Note the larger size (27 cm) and that this figure comes from the same provenance as the present lot. 十四至十五世紀尼泊爾佛陀銅像釋尊結全跏趺坐於蓮花座之上，左手置腹前，施禪定印，右手施觸地印；頭頂高肉髻，螺髮密集，頂嚴寳珠，分明嚴整。眼長眉彎，雙目低垂，呈微笑慈悲和善之態；身著單肩袈裟，袒露前胸，胸襟束帶繫結，衣紋俐落流暢。自然包漿豐富。 來源：歐洲重要私人收藏，底部有一藏家標籤，可見 'Buddha Nepal 10th C.'；巴黎蘇富比，2022年6月16日，lot 112；德國私人收藏，購於上述拍賣。 品相：狀況良好，有磨損和輕微鑄造不規則、微小凹痕、小刻痕、輕微劃痕。底座前面有兩個孔，後面有一個孔。 重量：427.6 克 (不含底座) 尺寸：高 11 釐米 (不含底座) 與15 釐米 (含底座) 木製底座 (2) 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：巴黎蘇富比，2022年11月16日，lot 60 價格：EUR 32,760（相當於今日EUR 34,500） 描述：西藏約十四世紀銅釋迦牟尼佛坐像 專家評論：請注意尺寸較大 (27 釐米) ，以及來源和本拍品相同。
A LARGE GILT-LACQUERED BRONZE FIGURE OF ZHENWU, THE PERFECTED WARRIOR, MING DYNASTYChina, 1368-1644. Well cast, standing on a rectangular base supported on four spreading feet, his left hand raised in front of his chest and his right holding a sword hilt (the blade now lost), clad in voluminous robes decorated with floral and scroll designs over the characteristic armor. His face with a calm expression marked by heavy-lidded downcast eyes centered by arched brows and a third eye, framed by the neatly incised hair and beard.Provenance: From a private collection in the United States. The base with an old label, 'JPC 62 23/C'.Condition: Good condition with expected wear and casting irregularities, signs of weathering, minor losses, small nicks, the left arm slightly loose, the figure leaning slightly forward, rubbing and losses to lacquer and gilt. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, dark patina with malachite encrustations to the base.Weight: 5,286 g Dimensions: Height 38.7 cm Zhenwu, originally called Xuanwu (Dark Warrior), first appears in the Daoist pantheon as the embodiment of one of the four cardinal directions, representing the north, depicted emblematically as a tortoise entwined with a snake. The tortoise and snake imagery can be traced back to the late Warring States period, circa 3rd century B.C.In the early Northern Song dynasty, the emperor Song Zhenzong (r. 998-1022) who was an ardent Daoist, decreed that the god's name should be changed to Zhenwu (Perfected Warrior), and ordered a temple to be built in the Song capital city, Kaifeng, for the worship of Zhenwu, who was then represented in human form. During the Yuan dynasty, Zhenwu was elevated to the rank of celestial emperor and referred to as “Supreme Emperor of the Dark Heaven, Primal Sage, and Benevolent Majesty."In the early Ming dynasty, Zhenwu again was favored by the imperial house, and the early Ming emperor Yongle (r. 1403-1424) ordered the construction of many temples dedicated to Zhenwu, including the large temple which still remains as the northernmost building at the meridian of the 'Forbidden City' in Beijing. Zhenwu became one of the most important and most widely venerated of all the Daoist gods during the Ming dynasty and continued to be worshiped by Manchu emperors throughout the Qing dynasty.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's London, 14 May 2019, lot 124 Price: GBP 18,750 or approx. EUR 28,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A gilt-bronze figure of Zhenwu, 17th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, with similar face, hair, and dress, and manner of casting and gilding. Compare the similar subject. Note the seated pose and slightly larger size (44 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's Hong Kong, 28 May 2014, lot 3526 Price: HKD 106,250 or approx. EUR 15,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A lacquered bronze figure of Weituo, late Ming/early Qing dynasty, 17th century Expert remark: Compare the related modeling with similar armor and manner of casting and gilding. Note the slightly smaller size (36 cm). Note the different subject, which is generally regarded as less rare. 明代大型銅漆金真武大帝立像中國，1368-1644年。鑄造精良，真武大帝呈立姿，面龐豐腴，雙目微睜，目光下斂，眉毛和鬍鬚濃重，腰板筆直，挺胸抬頭；衣褶婉轉自然，展現出多層次折迭的衣折及立體袖擺，線條簡練生動，內含張力，具有不同凡俗的威儀。鑄造比例勻稱協調，雕刻細膩生動，結構嚴謹。 來源：美國私人收藏，底部老標籤“JPC 62 23/C"。 品相：狀況良好，有磨損和鑄造不規則、風化跡象、輕微損失和小刻痕，左臂略微鬆動，人物稍微向前傾斜，漆金有磨擦和缺損。整像包漿濃厚瑩潤，底部有綠色結殼。 重量：5,286 克 尺寸：高38.7 厘米 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：倫敦佳士得，2019年5月14日，lot 124 價格：GBP 18,750（相當於今日EUR 28,500） 描述：明末清初鎏金銅真武大帝坐像 專家評論：比較非常相近模板，相似的臉部、髮型和長袍、鑄造風格和鎏金。比較相似的主題。請注意坐姿和尺寸較大 (44 厘米)。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：香港佳士得，2014年5月28日，lot 3526 價格：HKD 106,250（相當於今日EUR 15,000） 描述：十七世紀明末至清初鎏金韋駄天銅像 專家評論：比較相近模板、鑄造風格和鎏金。請注意尺寸較小(36 厘米)、不同且較少見的主題。
A BRONZE FIGURE OF THE CROWNED BUDAI, MING DYNASTYChina, 1368-1644. Finely cast seated in rajalalilasana, his right hand resting on his knee and holding a string of prayer beads, his left clutching the treasure sack. He is wearing long flowing robes opening at the chest to reveal his rotund belly with both shoulders exposed, his face with a cheerful expression. A distinct five-point crown, cast in openwork atop his head, houses the Five Dhyani Buddhas.Provenance: From an old private collection in southern Germany, and thence by descent in the same family. Condition: Good condition with minor wear and casting flaws. Small nicks, light scratches, minor losses, the back with minor fatigue cracks and old repairs probably inherent to the manufacture. Remnants of pigment to the interior. The bronze is covered in a fine, dark patina.Weight: 1,720 g Dimensions: Height 22.4 cm Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's Amsterdam, 2 May 2007, lot 353 Price: EUR 3,840 or approx. EUR 5,400 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of Budai, late Ming dynasty Expert remark: Compare the closely related subject, manner of casting, and modeling with similar pose, expression, robe, and crown. Note the near-identical size (23.5 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Bonhams San Francisco, 16 December 2014, lot 8020 Price: USD 10,625 or approx. EUR 13,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A cast bronze figure of a crowned Budai, Ming dynasty Expert remark: Compare the closely related subject, manner of casting, and modeling with similar pose, expression, robe, and crown. Note the slightly larger size (29.2 cm). 明代布袋銅像中國，1368-1644 年。布袋和尚以休閑坐姿，右手放在膝蓋上，手裡拿著一串念珠，左手緊握著寶袋。他穿著敞胸袈裟，露出大肚子和雙肩，臉上帶著愉快的表情。他的頭頂上戴著一頂獨特的五葉冠，可見五方佛。 來源：德國南部的一個私人舊藏，並且在同一家族傳承。 品相：狀況良好，有輕微磨損和鑄造缺陷。小刻痕、輕微劃痕與缺損、背面有輕微裂紋，以及小修。內部有顏料殘留。青銅上覆蓋著一層細膩的深色包漿。 重量：1,720 克 尺寸：高 22.4 厘米 拍賣結果比較：形制：非常相近 拍賣：阿姆斯特丹佳士得，2007年5月2日，lot 353 價格：EUR 3,840（相當於今日EUR 5,400） 描述：明代末期布袋銅像 專家評論：比較非常相近的主題，鑄造風格，相似的姿勢，表情，長袍和王冠。請注意幾乎相同的尺寸 (23.5 厘米)。 拍賣結果比較：形制：非常相近 拍賣：舊金山邦翰斯，2014年12月16日，lot 8020 價格：USD 10,625（相當於今日EUR 13,000） 描述：明代布袋銅像 專家評論：比較非常相近的主題，鑄造風格，相似的姿勢，表情，長袍和王冠。請注意尺寸較大 (29.2 厘米)。
AN EXCEPTIONALLY LARGE PAINTED POTTERY FIGURE OF A BACTRIAN CAMEL AND A SOGDIAN RIDER, TANG DYNASTYExpert's note: The present lot is extremely rare for its exceptional size of 104 cm, with exceedingly few other examples of comparable height recorded in private or public collections.China, 618-907. Powerfully modeled, the large camel with its head turned to the left, the animal with a wild expression marked by protruding eyes, flaring nostrils, and the wide-open mouth with the tongue extended. The Sogdian rider wearing a fur coat and tall cap, his right arm raised to goad the camel, his mustachioed face with a stern expression as he sits on several rolled mats beneath the red saddle blanket with a dog propping himself up on his leg. The camel further ladened with a saddle bag and two flasks, as well as the yield of a hunt, a slain wild goat, tied to the saddle.Provenance: From a noted private collection in Aix-en-Provence, France. Condition: Some restorations and touch-ups as generally expected from Tang dynasty excavations. Losses, fissures, and encrustations. Drilled holes from sample-taking. Overall, very good condition and displaying magnificently.Scientific Analysis Report: A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by QED Laboratoire, Reference QED1346/FC-0101, dated 20 November 2013, sets the firing date of two samples as consistent with the suggested period of manufacture in Tang dynasty. A copy of the report accompanies this lot.Weight: 35.2 kg Dimensions: Height 104 cm The rider with fur coat and peaked hat represents a Sogdian merchant. A similar hat is worn by a small Tang bronze figure of a Sogdian dancer, included in the exhibition Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from the Northwest China, Asia Society Museum, New York, 2001-2, and at present on view in the Norton Museum of Art, Palm Beach, Florida, which is discussed and illustrated in the catalog, no. 82. Compare also a standing pottery figure of a similarly attired foreigner, excavated from a tomb of AD 724, illustrated in Treasures of a Nation, Beijing, 1999, pp. 216f, and a camel drover with a pointed hat, depicted together with his animal on a brick from one of the Dunhuang caves in Gansu province, included in The Exhibition of Ancient Art Treasures of the People's Republic of China, Tokyo National Museum, 1979, cat. no. 75.The highly animated depiction of the camel is reminiscent of the running camels from the hunting scenes painted on the walls of Crown Prince Zhuang Huai's tomb in Qianxian near Xi'an, Shaanxi province. The two-humped Bactrian camel was an exotic beast known in China from the Han dynasty, when it was first introduced as a form of tribute offered by the tribes of Turkestan and Central Asia. Prized for their ability to survive extreme hardships of heat, cold, and lack of water when travelling across the desert, camels came to symbolize the freely-flowing trade established along the Silk Road and thus the wealth and cosmopolitan nature of the Tang Court.Literature comparison:A related large painted pottery group of a camel and foreign rider, dressed in a fur coat and wearing a large pointed hat, excavated from the tomb of Wang Chen (buried 679), Chengzhi, Shaanxi province in 1954 and now in the Museum of Chinese History, Beijing, is illustrated by Li Jian (ed.), The Glory of the Silk Road, Art from Ancient China, The Dayton Art Institute, 2003, p. 170, pl. 85.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Sotheby's New York, 15 September 2015, lot 258 Estimate: USD 180,000 or approx. EUR 210,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A magnificent painted pottery camel with Sogdian rider and hunting owl, early Tang dynasty Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling with a similarly animated camel and Sogdian rider, who however is holding a hunting owl in his hand. Note the related size (99.1 cm).唐代彩繪胡人騎駱駝陶俑由于平台拍品叙述的长度限制，我们移除了中文叙述，完整中文叙述请至www.zacke.at查看
A BRONZE FIGURE OF AN IMMORTAL, LATE MING DYNASTYChina, 16th-17th century. Well modeled standing on a naturalistically cast rocky base, made in openwork, wearing loose-fitting robes revealing his emaciated chest. His right hand is raised with the index finger pointing upward and his left hangs at his side, enveloped in the voluminous sleeve. His serene face with heavy-lidded eyes and bow-shaped lips forming a calm smile. His hair is tied with a ribbon falling elegantly over his shoulders.Provenance: Bluett & Sons, London, United Kingdom, 1942. Collection of Major Edward C. Radcliffe, acquired from the above and thence by decent in the same family. Listed in the family archive as 'J3.' The back with an old collector's label, 'Radcliffe Collection, J3', and an old label, 'The British Antiques Dealers Association, certified for customs purposes only, over 100 years old.' Copies of an old photo of the present lot and handwritten notes from the Radcliffe family archives, reading 'J3. Bronze figure of a man meditating, one arm uplifted. Bluett 1942. My husband loved this. He thought it so peaceful (…)' accompany this lot. Major Edward Copleston Radcliffe (1898-1967) served as a company commander with the British Expeditionary Force in France. He was wounded during the withdrawal at Dunkirk while holding the line at Calais. In 1948, he emigrated to South Africa for retirement as a successful artist. His collection became renowned only after his death, when several Imperial Chinese works of art were found in his house. Condition: Very good condition with expected old wear and casting flaws, few small structural cracks probably inherent to the manufacture, occasional light scratches, few small dents. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown, dark patina.Weight: 862.7 g Dimensions: Height 25.5 cm Literature comparison:Compare a related bronze figure of Li Tieguai, 22.5 cm high, dated 1550-1640, in the Victoria & Albert Museum, accession number 68-1889, illustrated in Rose Kerr, Later Chinese Bronzes, London, 1990 pp. 84, no. 66.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's 6 April 2015, lot 157 Price: HKD 62,500 or approx. EUR 8,600 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of a Daoist Immortal, late Ming dynasty Expert remark: Compare the related pose and voluminous robes. Note the facial differences. Note the size (28.5 cm) and the lack of a base.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Sotheby's Hong Kong, 2 December 2015, lot 26 Price: HKD 68,750 or approx. EUR 9,400 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A large bronze figure of an ascetic Luohan, Ming dynasty, 16th/17th century Expert remark: Compare the related rock pedestal. Note the different style of robes and the boldly cast head. 明末仙人銅像中國，十六至十七世紀。仙人站在鏤空岩石底座上，身穿寬鬆長袍，露出瘦弱的胸部。他的右手舉起，食指向上，左手垂在身側，包在寬大的袖子裡，衣紋流暢。現任面容平靜，雙眼微閉，露出平靜的微笑，頭髮用發帶繫起來，優雅地披在肩上。形象生動。 來源：英國倫敦Bluett & Sons藝廊，1942 年；Edward C. Radcliffe 少校收藏，由同一家族成員從上述人士處獲得，在家族檔案中編號為“J3"。背面帶有藏家標籤“Radcliffe Collection，J3"和標籤“The British Antiques Dealers Association，certified for customs pur姿勢s only，over 100 years old（英國古董交易商協會，僅用於海關目的認證，已有 100 多年曆史）。"目前拍品的一張照片和Radcliffe家族檔案中的手寫筆記，上面寫著“J3. Bronze figure of a man meditating，one arm uplifted. Bluett 1942. My husband loved this. He thought it so peaceful (…)（J3。 青銅人像正在沉思，一隻手臂舉起。 Bluett 1942。我丈夫喜歡這個。 他認為陪伴這群人是如此平靜（……）"。Edward Copleston Radcliffe（1898-1967 年）曾擔任駐法英國遠征軍連長。 他在敦刻爾克撤退時在加萊堅守陣地時受傷。 1948年，他作為一名成功的藝術家移民到南非退休。 直到他死後，他的收藏才開始聞名，當時在他的家裡發現了幾件中國御製藝術品。 品相：狀況極好，有磨損和鑄造缺陷，結構裂紋，輕微劃痕，小凹痕。銅像具有細膩的深色包漿。 重量：862.7 克 尺寸：高 25.5 厘米 由于平台拍品叙述的长度限制，我们移除了中文叙述，完整中文叙述请至www.zacke.at查看
A BRONZE FIGURE OF WENSHU (MANJUSHRI) ON A LION, LATE MING TO EARLY QING DYNASTYChina, 17th-18th century. Seated on the back of a recumbent lion with the feet resting against each other, his hands holding an open scroll, clad in long robes with foliate hems tied at the waist and open at the chest revealing a beaded necklace, the serene face with heavy lid eyes, flanked by earlobes embellished with floral earrings, the hair neatly incised and cast away from the face. The lion with a fierce expression and fine incision to the tail and scrolling mane.Provenance: London trade.Condition: Very good condition with minor wear and casting irregularities, small dents, nicks, and surface scratches.Weight: 634.9 g (excl. stand) and 735.7 g (incl. stand)Dimensions: Height 12.5 cm (excl. stand) and 15 cm (incl. stand), Length 13 cm (excl. stand) With an associated hardwood stand finely decorated in silver-wire inlay with scrolling vines, dating from the late Qing dynasty or Republic period. (2)Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 29 September 2022, lot 76 Estimate: USD 4,000 or approx. EUR 3,800 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of Manjushri seated on a lion, late Ming dynasty, 17th century Expert remark: Compare the related modeling with similar poses and expression. Note the size (20 cm). 明末清初文殊菩薩銅像中國，十七至十八世紀。菩薩半跏坐於獅子上，左右足彎曲下垂放座上。菩薩雙手捧一卷經書，髮絲整齊，頭戴箍，上身瓔珞以寶珠為中心向兩側拉兩弧，中三垂珠，是明代常見的樣式。衣緣鑲寬邊，上飾花葉圖案。菩薩臉略方，嘴帶笑，平易詳和。獅子伏於石上，頸繫鈴，鬃毛捲曲，造型規律化。 來源：倫敦古玩交易。 品相：狀況非常好，有輕微磨損和鑄造不規則、小凹痕、刻痕和表面劃痕。 重量：634.9克 (不含底座)，735.7克 (含底座) 尺寸：高 12.5 厘米 (不含底座) ，15 厘米 (含底座)，長 13 厘米 (不含底座) 硬木架上飾有精美的銀線纏枝紋鑲嵌，其歷史可以追溯到清末或民國時期。(2) 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得，2022年9月29日，lot 76 估價：USD 4,000（相當於今日EUR 3,800） 描述：晚明十七世紀銅文殊騎獅像 專家評論：比較相近的模型、相似的姿勢和表情。請注意尺寸 (20 厘米)。
A MONUMENTAL GILT-LACQUERED PAUWLOWNIA WOOD TEMPLE STATUE OF A LUOHAN, QING DYNASTY OR EARLIERChina, 1644-1912 or earlier. Astutely constructed of several wood sections, and masterfully carved seated in dhyanasana with his hands resting in dhyana mudra, wearing loosely draped robes with deeply carved folds falling over both shoulders and arms, tied below the bare chest. The belt and undergarment each with a neatly carved scroll design. His serene face with heavy-lidded downcast eyes below arched brows, his bow-shaped lips forming a subtle smile, flanked by long pendulous lobes. The statue is carved from a light soft wood, most likely Paulownia.Scientific Analysis Report: The result of a radiocarbon dating test (C14) conducted by Re. S. Artes, no. R 245170A, 6 October 2023, based on one sample taken from the base of the figure, is consistent with the dating of this lot. The report states two intervals of dates between 1692 and 1918: [1692-1727] AD (probability of 25,7%) and [1810-1918] AD (probability of 69,7%). A copy of the detailed scientific report accompanies this lot.Provenance: Collection particuliere française. Condition: Overall excellent condition, especially when considering both the monumental size and the age of this statue. Old wear, expected age cracks and splits, signs of weathering. Extensive rubbing and flaking to gilt, partially exposing the dark green primer below, which itself has partially worn off and developed a natural patination. Losses, chips, and scratches. The wood has a rich, naturally grown patina overall, and the statue displays exceptionally well.Weight: 122 kg Dimensions: Height 131 cm Expert's note: The imposing size of the present lot indicates it was once worshipped in a temple, shrine, or palace. The technique of coating carved wood figures with gilt-lacquer emerged during the Yuan dynasty, continuing through the Ming dynasty on to the Qing dynasty, echoing Buddhist bronze figures in form and decoration.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 18 September 2003, lot 175 Price: USD 20,315 or approx. EUR 31,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A gilt-lacquered wood figure of a Luohan, Damo, 17th/18th century Expert remark: Compare the related subject, manner of carving, and modeling with similar pose. Note the much smaller size (89 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's London, 15 June 1999, lot 32 Price: GBP 100,500 or approx. EUR 271,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A large gilt-lacquered wood figure of Vairocana, Yuan dynasty Expert remark: Compare the related manner of carving and modeling with similar robes and face. Note the earlier dating and the larger size (150 cm). 清代或更早鎏金漆泡桐木雕羅漢坐像中國，1644 -1912 年或更早。由數塊木料精心雕刻而成，羅漢結跏趺坐，雙手結禪定印，穿著寬鬆的僧袍，胸前敞開，袈裟飄逸，衣紋線條流暢。面容平靜，雙目低垂，嘴唇豐滿露出溫和的微笑。該雕像由輕質軟木雕刻而成，很可能是泡桐。 來源：法國特別收藏。 品相：總體狀況良好，磨損、年代裂縫和裂口、風化跡象，大面積鎏金剝落，部分露出下面的深綠色底漆，底漆本身已部分磨損並形成自然的包漿。缺損、刻痕和劃痕。木材整體上具有豐富的自然包漿。 重量：122 公斤 尺寸：高 131 厘米 拍賣結果比較: 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得，2003年9月18日，lot 175 價格：USD 20,315（相當於今日EUR 31,500） 描繪：十七至十八世紀鎏金漆羅漢木像 專家評論：比較相近的主題，雕刻風格、模型、相似的姿勢。請注意尺寸較小(89 厘米)。 拍賣結果比較: 形制：相近 拍賣：倫敦佳士得，1999年6月15日，lot 32 價格：GBP 100,500（相當於今日EUR 271,000） 描繪：元代鎏金漆毗盧遮那佛木像 專家評論：比較相近的雕刻風格、模型、相似的長袍和面部。請注意年代較早和尺寸較大 (150 厘米)。
A GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF AMITAYUS, QIANLONG NINE-CHARACTER MARK AND OF THE PERIOD, DATED 1770China. Superbly cast seated on a rectangular throne raised on openwork floral vertical splayed frames, his legs crossed in dhyanasana, the hands lowered in dhyana mudra, the deity wearing an elaborate high foliate crown and ornate jewelry, his loosely flowing robes spilling over the edge, centered by a flowerhead. All framed by a separately cast flaming mandorla inserted to the back of the base.Inscribed: The lower front edge of the throne is neatly incised with a nine-character mark da Qing Qianlong Gengyin jingzao, ('Respectfully made in the Year of Gengyin of the Qianlong Period of the Great Qing'), corresponding to 1770 and of the period.Provenance: From an old Hungarian private collection. An inscription to the back of the base, “DA[…]." Condition: Good condition with expected old wear and casting irregularities, few minor losses, small dents, wear and rubbing to gilt, remnants of red and blue pigment to the hair and headdress. Magnificent patina overall, the gilding quite well preserved.Weight: 1,188 g Dimensions: Height 21 cm Expert's note: Amitayus was among the most popular deities from the Tibetan Buddhist pantheon in the Qing dynasty, particularly in the Qianlong period. Emblematic of longevity, large numbers of figures were commissioned in gilt-bronze and porcelain by the Qianlong Emperor for the occasion of the Empress Dowager Chongqing's 60th, 70th, and 80th birthdays. The date of the present figure coincided with Empress Dowager's 80th birthday.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's London, 19 July 2007, lot 114 Price: GBP 9,000 or approx. EUR 19,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A Chinese gilt bronze figure of Amitayus, Qianlong mark and period with Geng Yin cyclical date equating to 1770Expert remark: Compare the closely related form, technique and size (20.1 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's London, 17 May 2013, lot 1494 Price: GBP 10,625 or approx. EUR 18,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A Chinese gilt bronze dated figure of Amitayus, Qianlong incised nine-character mark with cyclical date, Geng Yin, corresponding to 1770, and of the periodExpert remark: Compare the closely related form, technique, pigments, and size (21.3 cm). 1770年銅鎏金無量壽佛坐蓮像，乾隆九字款及年代中國。無量壽佛結跏趺坐坐於梯形鏤空台座上，手結禪定印平行曡放在雙膝上，頭戴寳冠，臂飾寶釧，著袒右肩衣。肩上和手臂上掛著一條飄帶，上面裝飾著精美的珠寶。背光呈葫蘆狀，外飾火焰紋，頭光及身光部分透空。 銘文：“大清乾隆庚寅年敬造"楷書款 來源： 匈牙利私人舊藏，底座背面刻有銘文 “DA[…]." 品相：狀況良好，有磨損和鑄造不規則性，輕微缺損，小凹痕，鎏金磨損，頭髮和頭飾上有紅色和藍色顏料的殘留。整體包漿自然，鎏金保存完好。 重量：1,188 克 尺寸：高 21 釐米 專家注釋：無量壽佛造像是清代尤其是乾隆時期藏傳佛教中最受推崇的造像之一。乾隆皇帝為慶賀太后六十歲、七十歲和八十歲生日而敬獻了大量的鎏金和瓷器人物祝壽。此雕像的日期恰逢太后八十大壽。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：倫敦佳士得，2007年7月19日，lot 114 價格：GBP 9,000（相當於今日EUR 19,500） 描述：1770年乾隆庚寅款及年代阿彌陀佛鎏金銅像 專家評論：比較非常相近的外形、技巧和尺寸(20.1 釐米)。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：倫敦佳士得，2013年5月17日，lot 1494 價格：GBP 10,625（相當於今日EUR 18,500） 描述：1770年乾隆庚寅款及年代阿彌陀佛鎏金銅像 專家評論：比較非常相近的外形、技巧、顏料和尺寸(21.3 釐米)。
A GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF THE RATNASAMBHAVA BUDDHA, TIBET, 17TH-18TH CENTURYHeavily cast, seated in dhyanasana atop a double lotus throne with beaded edges, his right hand lowered in varada mudra and his left held above the lap in dhyana mudra. He is wearing a diaphanous sanghati draped over the left shoulder with neatly incised floral hems, gathering at the shoulder and at the top of the base before a vajra. His serene face with sinuously lidded downcast eyes below arched brows, his full bow-shaped lips forming a calm smile, flanked by pierced elongated earlobes. The hair arranged in tight curls over the ushinsha topped by a jewel. The base sealed, the copper seal plate finely incised with a double vajra.Provenance: Dutch trade.Condition: Good original condition, commensurate with age, showing significant wear and expected casting irregularities. Scratches, nicks, dents, and rubbing to gilt. Minor corrosion. Remnants of ancient pigment.Weight: 2,868 gDimensions: Height 24.8 cm Ratnasambhava, the 'jewel born', is one of the Five Symbolic Tantric Buddhas described in the ancient anuttarayoga literature. The Buddha is identified by the open palm of his right hand facing outward in the gesture of charity (varada mudra). Ratnasambhava is the Tathagata of the South and the father of the Jewel family of Vajrayana Buddhist deities, associated with the element of earth and the enlightened activity of equanimity. He is sometimes pictured together with the other four Tathagata Buddhas: Akshobya of the East, Amitabha of the West, Amoghasiddhi of the North, and Vairocana of the Central direction. These primordial Buddhas all bear an appearance like that of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni, unadorned, in the garb of an ordained monk.Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Christie's New York, 23 March 1999, lot 161Price: USD 7,475 or approx. EUR 13,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A gilt bronze figure of a medicine Buddha, Tibet, 17th/18th centuryExpert remark: Compare the related modeling, manner of casting, gilding, and size (26.5 cm). 西藏十七至十八世紀銅鎏金寶生佛坐蓮像寶生佛像身著菩薩裝，髮髻雕刻精細成螺髻，面相豐滿，雙目細瞇，雙眼之間有白毫，長耳垂，嘴角含笑。袒上身，肩披帛帶，下裙褶紋起伏，流暢自如。右手結與願印，左手結禪定印，全跏趺坐。仰覆蓮座蓮瓣尖端上卷，上下邊緣飾聯珠紋。 來源：丹麥古玩交易。 品相：狀況良好，有磨損和鑄造不規則，劃痕、刻痕、凹痕和鎏金摩擦，輕微腐蝕，顏料殘留。 重量：2,868 克 尺寸：高 24.8 厘米拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得，1999年3月23日，lot 161 價格：USD 7,475（相當於今日EUR 13,000） 描述：十七至十八世紀西藏鎏金銅藥師佛 專家評論：比較相近的模型、鑄造風格、鎏金和尺寸(26.5厘米)。
A SMALL GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF BUDDHA AMITABHA, 17TH-18TH CENTURYTibetan-Chinese. Seated in dhyanasana atop a double lotus throne with beaded edges, his hands held above his lap in dhyana mudra and holding an alms bowl. Dressed in voluminous robes and a scarf incised with foliate designs, the outer robe opening at the chest revealing the similarly decorated undergarment tied above the waist. His serene face with downcast eyes below arched brows, his full lips forming a benevolent smile flanked by long pendulous earlobes, the hair arranged in tight curls over the high ushnisha topped with a jewel.Provenance: A private collection in Hungary. Galerie Zacke, Vienna, 8 December 2018, lot 62, sold for EUR 1,138 or approx. EUR 1,400 (adjusted for inflation at the time of writing). A private collection in Portugal, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with expected old wear and casting irregularities. The base sealed with a simple copper sheet. The bowl replaced. Small nicks, some scratches, minor rubbing to gilt. Remnants of ancient pigment.Weight: 111.9 gDimensions: Height 6.8 cm Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Sotheby's Paris, 12 December 2017, lot 25Price: EUR 10,000 or approx. EUR 11,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A small statue of Buddha, Ming dynastyExpert remark: Compare the related modeling, manner of casting, and gilding.Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Christie's New York, 22 March 2007, lot 218Price: USD 14,400 or approx. EUR 20,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A fine and rare pair of small gilt-bronze Buddhas, 17th/18th centuryExpert remark: Compare the related modeling, manner of casting, and gilding. Note the larger size (9.8 cm) and that the lot comprises a pair. 十七至十八世紀銅鎏金無量壽佛坐蓮像漢藏。無量壽佛銅鑄鎏金製成，結金剛跏趺坐於蓮座之上。髮束高髻，螺髻。長眉細目，雙目微垂，鼻樑挺直，薄唇，神情平淡嚴肅。雙耳肥厚。身著袈裟，雙手於腹前結禪定印。造型體態豐滿健壯，周身裝飾簡潔考究，細節處均精工細作。 來源：匈牙利私人收藏。維也納Galerie Zacke藝廊，2018 年 12 月 8 日，拍品 62，售價 1,138 歐元或約 1,400 歐元（根據撰寫本文時的通貨膨脹情況進行調整）。 葡萄牙私人收藏。，購自上述。 品相：狀況良好，有磨損和鑄造不規則，底座用簡單的銅片密封。碗換了。小刻痕，一些劃痕，鎏金的輕微摩擦。顏料的殘留物。 重量：111.9 克 尺寸：高 6.8 厘米拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：巴黎蘇富比，2017年12月12日，lot 25 價格：EUR 10,000（相當於今日EUR 11,500） 描述：明十五世紀鎏金銅佛坐像 專家評論：比較相近的模型、鑄造風格和鎏金。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得，2007年3月22日， lot 218 價格：USD 14,400（相當於今日EUR 20,000） 描述：十七至十八世紀一對鎏金銅佛像 專家評論：比較相近的模型、鑄造風格和鎏金。請注意尺寸較大(9.8厘米)，以及此為一對。
A GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF MANJUSHRI, 18TH CENTURYTibetan-Chinese. Finely cast seated in dhyanasana atop a double lotus base with beaded edges, holding aloft the hilt of his sword in his raised right hand, the left hand held in vitarka mudra. The bodhisattva clad in a voluminous dhoti with neatly incised foliate hems and richly adorned with billowing sashes and beaded jewelry. His serene face with sinuously lidded eyes below arched brows centered by a raised circular urna, his bow-shaped lips forming a subtle smile, flanked by elongated ears with chakra earrings, the hair arranged in a high chignon topped by a lotus finial behind the foliate tiara in front of a high chignon topped by a lotus finial. The base sealed, the seal plate incised with a double vajra.Provenance: A private collection in Hungary. Galerie Zacke, Vienna, 8 December 2018, lot 66, sold for EUR 5,100 or approx. EUR 6,400 (adjusted for inflation at the time of writing). A private collection in Portugal, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor wear and casting irregularities. Small nicks, some scratches, minor rubbing to gilt. The sword blade lost.Weight: 1,067.2 gDimensions: Height 15.5 cm Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 11 September 2019, lot 379 Price: USD 6,250 or approx. EUR 6,800 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A gilt-bronze figure of Manjushri, Tibeto-Chinese, 18th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling with similar pose, expression, base, and jewelry. Note the more extensive wear to the gilding, the sword, and the related size (17.2 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Sotheby's New York, 20 September 2021, lot 349 Price: USD 7,560 or approx. EUR 7,700 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A gilt copper alloy figure of Manjushri, Tibeto-Chinese, 18th century Expert remark: Compare the related modeling with similar pose, expression, and base, as well as the loss to the sword. Note the stone inlays, lotus blossom supporting the book, and much smaller size (11.1 cm). 十八世紀銅鎏金文殊菩薩漢藏。文殊菩薩全跏趺坐於蓮座之上，面部豐滿，下頜微尖，雙目微闔，面容肅穆；頭戴五葉寶冠，耳後繒帶上卷，圓形耳璫作寶相花形；雙肩披天衣，兩側尾端對稱搭於蓮座之上，線條流暢自然，斜掛聖帶，於胸前打結，胸前點綴各類釧環、瓔珞；右手上舉結斯克印，持智慧劍劍柄，左手於胸前結說法印；下身著長裙，褶皺自然寫實，裙擺一匝花紋裝飾。來源：匈牙利私人收藏。Galerie Zacke，維也納，2018 年 12 月 8 日，拍品 66，售價 5,100 歐元或約 6,400 歐元（根據撰寫本文時的通貨膨脹情況進行調整）；葡萄牙私人收藏，購自上述拍賣。 品相：狀況非常好，有輕微磨損和鑄造不規則。小刻痕，一些劃痕，瑬金輕微摩擦。劍刃丟失。 重量：1,067.2 克 尺寸：高 15.5 厘米拍賣結果比較： 形制：非常相近 拍賣：紐約佳士得，2019年9月11日，lot 379 價格：USD 6,250（相當於今日EUR 6,800） 描述：十八世紀漢藏文殊菩薩鎏金銅像 專家評論：比較非常相近的模型、姿勢、表情、底座和珠寶。請注意此像鎏金磨損較明顯，以及相近的尺寸(17.2厘米)。 拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：紐約蘇富比，2021年9月20日，lot 349 價格：USD 7,560（相當於今日EUR 7,700） 描述：十八世紀漢藏文殊菩薩鎏金合金像 專家評論：比較相近的模型、姿勢、表情、底座，以及劍缺失。請注意內嵌石、蓮花支撐著書本，以及尺寸較小(11.1厘米)。
A SILVER-INLAID BRONZE FIGURE OF GUANYIN, SHISOU MARK, CHINA, 19TH CENTURYFinely cast, seated in rajalilasana with her head slightly lowered and her hands folded on top of her raised knee, the right holding a scroll, clad in long flowing robes falling into voluminous folds and neatly decorated with silver wire inlay. Her serene face with heavy-lidded eyes, a raised circular urna, and slightly pursed lips. Her finely incised hair piled up into a high topknot.The base inlaid in silver wire with a two-character Shisou mark.Provenance: Collection of Sigurd Yngve Euren, and thence by descent. Bukowskis Auktioner, 3 June 2019, lot 651. A private collection in Finland, acquired from the above. The catalog entry from Bukowski, dated 5 June 2019, confirms the dating above. Sigurd Yngve Euren (1890-1990) was a Swedish engineer, who initially visited China in 1917 in order to set up a net of radio masts. After this, Euren began constructing bridges primarily along in the Yangtze River and its many offshoots. After a couple of years, he moved to Shanghai and set up his own tea export company which was located along the Bund (Waitan). After some time, Euren and his family moved back to Sweden, bringing a large collection of Chinese art with them. Condition: Good condition with expected old wear, minuscule nicks and minor casting flaws. Light surface scratches to the base. Some areas with faint loss of patina.Weight: 2,478 g Dimensions: Height 21.4 cm Little is known about the historic figure Shisou. The earliest reference in the Zhongguo meishujia renming cidian ('Dictionary of Chinese Artists') comes from the Luochuang xiaodu and is presumably from the same source as published in Zhongguo yishujia zhenglue ('Brief Introduction of Chinese Artists). Shisou is listed there only as a late Ming dynasty monk without any further biographical information. A number of vessels and sculptures from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century bear his name, sometimes in combination with a hall name, Jinyu tang ('Hall of Prosperity').Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Bonhams London, 7 November 2019, lot 13 Price: GBP 12,562 or approx. EUR 19,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A silver-wire-inlaid bronze figure of Guanyin, inlaid Shisou two-character mark, Qing dynasty Expert remark: Compare the closely related manner of casting and modeling. Note the size (29.3 cm high). 十九世紀銅錯銀觀音，石叟款鑄工精美，觀音成轉輪王坐姿，頭微低，雙手交疊於膝上，右手持書卷，身著飄逸袈裟，上鑲有銀線。面容平靜，雙眼微閉，嘴唇微抿，長髮盤成高髻。底座鑲銀線，“石叟"款。 來源：Sigurd Yngve Euren 收藏，傳承至今；Bukowskis Auktioner拍賣，2019 年 6 月 3 日，拍品 651；芬蘭私人收藏。，購自上述拍賣行。Bukowski 的拍賣目錄日期為 2019 年 6 月 5 日，證實了上述日期。 Sigurd Yngve Euren（1890-1990）是一位瑞典工程師，他於 1917 年首次訪問中國，目的是建立無線電網。此後，Euren開始沿著長江及其許多支流修建橋樑。 幾年後，他搬到了上海，並在外灘成立了自己的茶葉出口公司。不久之後，Euren和他的家人帶著大量的中國藝術品搬回了瑞典。 品相：狀況良好，有磨損、微小刻痕和輕微鑄造缺陷。底座表面有輕微劃痕。一些區域有輕微的包漿損失。 重量：2,478 克 尺寸：高21.4 厘米拍賣結果比較： 形制：相近 拍賣：倫敦邦翰斯，2019年11月7日，lot 13 價格：GBP 12,562（相當於今日EUR 19,500） 描述：清銅嵌銀觀音坐像，嵌銀絲「石叟」款 專家評論：比較非常相近的鑄造風格和模型。請注意尺寸(高29.3 厘米)。
A GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF PRAJNAPARAMITA, TIBET, LATE 19TH TO MID-20TH CENTURYFinely cast, seated in dhyanasana on a double lotus base over a low stepped plinth supported by snow lions and male figures. The four-armed goddess raising her primary hands in dharmachakra mudra and lowering her secondary hands in dhyana mudra. Two lotus blossoms rise to her shoulders supporting a conch and an amrita vase. She is wearing a richly beaded dhoti, foliate tiara, and fine jewelry, all inlaid in glass and semi-precious stones with floral and geometric decorations.Provenance: French trade. Condition: Good condition with minor wear and casting flaws, a few minuscule losses, light scratches, small dents, minor fatigue cracks, remnants of pigment.Weight: 2,903 g Dimensions: Height 27 cm Her serene face with heavy-lidded eyes below gently arched brows, her bow-shaped lips forming a subtle smile, flanked by elongated earlobes. Her hair is tied in a high chignon topped by a vajra behind a inlaid with semi-precious stones and glass. The base is unsealed.Literature comparison:Compare an earlier bronze figure of Maitreya, 19.7 cm high, dated to the 17th century, which may have served as a prototype to this lot, illustrated by Ulrich von Schroeder's Buddhist Sculptures in Tibet, Vol. 2, 2001, pp. 1062, pl. 271A. 西藏十九世紀末至二十世紀中鎏金銅四臂般若佛母鑄造精美，四臂佛母坐於雙層蓮座上，底座上有一個台階底座，底座由雪獅和男性雕像支撐。四臂女神以舉起主手施法輪印，副手施禪定印。兩朵蓮花高至肩頭，托著海螺和甘露花瓶。她戴著華麗的瓔珞、葉狀王冠和精美珠寶，鑲嵌玻璃和半寶石上，並帶有花卉和幾何裝飾。她面容平靜，彎彎的眉毛，雙眼微閉，笑容安詳，長耳垂。頭髮紮成高髻，頂上鑲嵌著半寶石和玻璃，後面有一個金剛杵。 底座未密封。 來源：法國古玩交易。 品相：狀況良好，有輕微磨損和鑄造缺陷、一些微小缺損、輕微劃痕、小凹痕、輕微疲勞裂紋、顏料殘留。 重量：2,903 克 尺寸：高 27 厘米 文獻比較： 比較一件十七世紀彌勒佛銅像，高19.7 厘米，可能為此雕像的原型，見Ulrich von Schroeder，《Buddhist Sculptures in Tibet》，卷2，2001，頁1062，圖271A。
A LARGE AND HEAVY BRONZE RAIN DRUM, DONG SON CULTUREVietnam, ca. 500 BC to 300 AD. Finely cast, the drumhead is decorated with a central solar medallion encircled by concentric geometric bands. The sides are set with two pairs of loop handles. The bronze is covered overall in a fine, naturally grown patina with cuprite and malachite encrustations. The drum produces a good sound when struck.Provenance: From the private estate of Roland de la Moussaye, Paris, France. An old label to the base. Roland de la Moussaye (1932-2022) was a French scholar with broad interests and vast expertise. He studied ornithology and lepidopterology, writing several books on the subjects, and worked as a professor of French literature in Japan. He also studied Chinese, Indonesian, and Malay, receiving a degree in Chinese from the Ecole des langues orientales, and was an avid collector of Chinese art.Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive wear, signs of weathering and erosion, encrustations, losses and possibly minor old fills, dents, cracks, scratches.Weight: 14.6 kg Dimensions: Diameter 48 cm Dong Son (named for Dong Son, a village in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam) was a Bronze Age culture in ancient Vietnam centered at the Red River Valley of northern Vietnam from 1000 BC until the first century AD. Vietnamese historians attribute it to the states of Văn Lang and Âu Lạc. Its influence spread to other parts of Southeast Asia, including Maritime Southeast Asia, throughout the first millennium BC. The culture long remained a mystery to western archaeologists, and it was known only through its bronze objects, many of which were taken from burial sites. Dong Son bronze objects were exhibited in Europe for a century before their original location was even determined, and several theories and speculations over the dating methodologies of the culture continue to this day. Bronze rain drums were invented by the Dong Son culture and produced from about 600 BC or earlier until the third century AD. Ranging in height from a few inches to over six feet, up to four feet in diameter, and often of considerable weight, the drums are one of the culture's most astounding examples of metalworking. Examples produced in Vietnam, in addition to works made locally, have been found in south China and throughout mainland and island Southeast Asia. The discovery of Dong Son drums in New Guinea is seen as proof of trade connections - spanning at least a thousand years - between this region and the technologically advanced societies of Java and China.Bronze drums are still being used ceremoniously in Southeast Asia by the Yi people, Zhuang people, Miao people and Qabiao people in northern Vietnam and southern China. They are generally struck in the center with a soft mallet and on the side with a wood or bamboo stick. Among the ethnic Vietnamese, they are still used in some rituals, such as those of the Hung kings, but are rarely used as a musical instrument anymore. In Thailand, the Dong Son drum is also used in some ceremonies, where it is called the Mahorathuek.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 29 March 2018, lot 36 Estimate: HKD 400,000 or approx. EUR 51,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A copper alloy ritual drum, Dong Son culture, Vietnam, ca. 3/2nd century BC Expert remark: Compare the closely related central solar medallion. Note the size (42 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Galerie Zacke, Vienna, 29 September 2022, lot 266 Price: EUR 10,400 or approx. EUR 11,000 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A massive bronze rain drum, Dong Son culture, first millennium BC Expert remark: Compare the closely related central solar medallion Note the size (66 cm).
A BRONZE DEATH MASK, GOA MADE, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA, 1ST MILLENNIUM BC - 1ST MILLENNIUM ADPublished: Claudio Giardino, Massimo Vidale, and Gian Luca Bonora (editors), Goa Made - An Archeological Discovery, Rome, 2012, page 220, no. 112.Indonesia. Finely cast from thin bronze, the mask is realistically styled with thin arched brows above heavy-lidded pierced eyes, a broad nose, and full butterfly lips curling into a calm smile. The face has finely aged, covered overall in a solid layer of malachite green encrustation.Provenance: A private collector in London, United Kingdom, and thence by descent to his daughter Amanda Torri. Alex Torri, Bologna, Italy, inherited from the above. Paolo Bertuzzi, acquired from the above in 2002. A copy of the original invoice from Alex Torri, dated 7 October 2002, showing an image of the present lot, and stating a purchase price of ITL 8,000,000 or approx. EUR 6,300 (converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing), accompanies this lot. Paolo Bertuzzi (1943-2022) was a fashion stylist from Bologna, Italy, and the son of Enrichetta Bertuzzi, founder of Hettabretz, a noted Italian fashion company with customers such as the Rothschild family, Audrey Hepburn, and Elizabeth Taylor. Paolo Bertuzzi later took over his mother's business and designed exclusive pieces, some of which were exhibited in the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum in New York, USA. He was also an avid collector of antiques for more than 60 years. His collection includes both archaic and contemporary art, and he edited two important books about Asian art, Goa Made - An Archaeological Discovery, about a large-scale archaeological project carried out with the Italian and Indonesian governments, and Majapahit, Masterpieces from a Forgotten Kingdom.Condition: Excellent condition commensurate with age. The shape has remained in its original form. As expected, the bronze has corroded overall and there are a soil encrustations. Minor losses and old wear.Weight: 191.1 g Dimensions: Height 18.5 cm Goa (or Gua) Made (Made Cave) is a site north of the Brantas River in East Java. Its importance was first discovered by Anacleto Spazzapan, an Italian archeologist, designer, and collector of ethnographic and folk art who frequently traveled to Indonesia. He was first introduced to the site in 1999. He brought back several sample fragments of fired clay, which he sent to Arcadia labs in Milan for thermoluminescence testing. The first official excavations were subsequently conducted in an underground temple by the Bureau for the Archaeological Conservation of East Java (BACEJ) in 2001 and 2006, the latter funded by Paolo Bertuzzi (the last owner of the present lot), who had developed a profound interest in the site. Finds included imported glazed pottery, Chinese copper or bronze coins, and highly distinct bronze heads such as the present lot. Thermoluminescence analysis of terracotta bricks found in the excavations indicated a date in the early 1st millennium BC. This would not only suggest the discovery of a lost civilization but also challenge widely held notions of Southeast Asian history. The earliest uncontested architectural remains in East Java are two temples dating from the 8th - 9th century AD.In 2007, larger-scale excavations were carried out by a team of Italian and Indonesian archeologists, which revealed a previously overlooked shaft, a complex subterranean structure displaying a sophisticated integrated design that would have required mass community involvement in both its construction and usage. In the following years, disagreements between archeologists involved in the Goa Made project began to emerge. A 2010 article by Andreas M. Steiner and Massimo Vidale in the renowned Italian magazine Archeo supported the dating of to the early 1st millennium BC. In the same year, however, Fiorella Rispoli wrote an article for World Archeology Magazine wherein she questions the accuracy of the thermoluminescence analysis and instead proposed a post-10th century AD dating for the bronze heads. Rispoli suggested that the underground temple was most likely a water control system but offers no explanation as to why or how the heads, a clear part of East Java religious practices, came to be placed there. Most scholars disagree with Rispoli's arguments, especially given that it is primarily based off a single faulty thermoluminescence test she discovered.Cultural acculturation, the mixture of elements from various cultures over various ages implemented in religious contexts is a well-known practice in Indonesia. Settlers of the Indonesian archipelago had consistent contact with Indian traders which led to the adoption of many foreign religious practices. Unsurprisingly, this had a direct effect on the cultural material of Indonesia. Dong Son, the earliest bronze culture in Southeast Asia, was likely introduced to Indonesia by traders during the 1st millennium BC. More than 100 objects from Goa Made are bronze objects, and the majority of these are bronze masks. Many of the masks have characteristics elements which reflect the style of face common to the Majapahit period (13th-16th century). However, the masks which do not illustrate Indonesian facial styles, like the Malayan-Mongoloid face of this lot, are similar to nekara bronzes. This suggests a far earlier dating for these masks. Given the origin of bronze working in Indonesia came from the Don Son culture, these masks can be dated as far back as 2000 BC. However, archeologists are still not unified on this dating. In his 2016 book Hitawasana, Studies on Indonesian Archeology (where the present lot is illustrated, page 55), Prof. Dr. Agus Aris Munandar from the University of Indonesia wrote that further scientific studies remain necessary, and that additional research is expected to step-by-step resolve the questions regarding this important archeological site.
A GOLD REPOUSSE OIL LAMP, KAMANDALU, JAVA, INDONESIA, 13TH-14TH CENTURYThe baluster body raised on a circular base with ribbed stem, the mouth surmounted by a tall segmented hollow finial decorated with foliate designs and topped by an open bud. The spout modeled as a sinuous dragon with large open mouth showing teeth and fangs, the head adorned with a ruby and the base with glass and garnet beads. The base, shoulder and mouth are decorated with lappet petals beneath beadwork.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Dr. Istvan Zelnik, President of the Hungarian South and Southeast Asian Research Institute, is a former high-ranking Hungarian diplomat who spent several decades in Southeast Asia, building the largest known private collection of Asian art in Europe. Condition: Condition commensurate with age and material, showing ancient wear, expected manufacturing flaws, scratches, small losses, creases and dents.Weight: 250.5 g Dimensions: Height 35.1 cm Literature comparison:Compare a related bronze Javanese oil lamp, 27.3 cm high, dated to the 13th century, in the British Museum, registration number 1976,0406.1.
AN ARAKAN STYLE GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF BUDDHA RATNASAMBHAVA, BURMA, 16TH - 17TH CENTURYBoldly cast seated in dhyanasana on a stepped plinth, his left hand lowered in varada mudra and his right hand held in dhyana mudra above the lap cradling a jewel. He is wearing a sheer dhoti tied at the waist with an ornate belt and with folds gathering at the top of the base as well as neatly incised scarves, and richly adorned with elaborate beaded jewelry. His serene face with sinuously lidded eyes below gently arched brows, his bow-shaped lips forming a calm smile. The hair arranged in a high chignon behind the foliate tiara and elegantly falling in twisted strands over the shoulders.Provenance: From a private collection in Brussels, assembled between 1970 and 1990. Condition: Wear, signs of weathering and erosion, losses, structural cracks, dents, rubbing to lacquer gilt, scratches, the mandorla lost. With a good patina. Overall presenting remarkably well.Weight: 3,144 g Dimensions: Height 30.5 cm This exceptional example of a crowned Buddha in the classic Arakan style closely resembles those from the Yongle period. Early Ming emperors sent gifts and dignitaries to Lamaist dignitaries in Tibet, employing Tibetan craftsmen to create sacred Buddhist images. Yongle and Arakan bronze have soft, sinuous characteristics of a refined quality. Both the Yongle and Arakan style represent an important and major shift from the Pala-influence of Southeast Asia on styles of sculpture and existed for roughly four centuries. The images consistently wear identical garments, jewelry, and five-leaved crowns. While Chinese written sources make no reference to Arakan, there are clear written sources documenting to the continual interchange of monks between Arakan, Bengal, and Tibet, which peaked in the 16th century. Bronzes of this type are rare and represent a unique cross-cultural exchange during the 15th-17th century.Literature comparison: Compare related Arakan bronze figures of Buddha, dated 15th-16th century, illustrated by Pamela Gutman, Burma's Lost Kingdoms. Splendor of Arakan, 2001, pp. 148-151, nos. 160-162, where the author elaborates on the connection between Yongle and Arakan bronzes.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Bonhams London, 8 September 2009, lot 70 Price: GBP 6,840 or approx. EUR 14,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: An Arakan gilded bronze, or other alloy, figure of a seated Buddhist deity, possibly Avalokitesvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, and gilding. Note the similar size (33 cm).
A KHMER BRONZE BUST OF LOKESHVARA, BAYON STYLE, ANGKOR PERIODKhmer Empire, 12th century. The four-armed figure is finely cast with intricate locks that extend down the back of his neck and is surmounted by a high, arched headdress, wearing a crown with a central medallion and a prominent necklace. The deity holds four different attributes, one in each hand.Provenance: From the collection of Rene Ronveaux (d. 1991), Belgium, acquired in the 1960s and thence by descent in the same family. A copy of a provenance statement, written and signed by the previous owner, dated 8 December 2022, confirming the provenance stated above, accompanies this lot. Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age. Signs of wear and weathering, corrosion, soil remnants, cracks, dents and losses. The bronze is covered overall in a fine, naturally grown patina with malachite encrustations.Weight: 1,698 g Dimensions: Height 27 cm Mounted on a metal stand. (2)Literature comparison:Compare a related bronze figure of Lokesvara, 27 cm high, dated to the Angkor period, in the National Palace Museum, accession number CAM 3251, published in Brice Vencent's article Nouvelle etude du Lokeśvara Khmer du Musee national de Colombo, Arts Asiatiques 68, 2013, pp. 33.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 21 September 2007, lot 366 Price: USD 21,250 or approx. EUR 29,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of Lokeshvara, 13th century Expert remark: Note the similar position of the arms and various implements he holds. Note the size (26.3 cm) and the fact that while this is an entire figure, the present lot - if the entire figure had been preserved - would have roughly double the size of this comparison.Update 25.9.2023: A noted expert and colleague has informed us that there is a possibility that the present lot is pre-angkorian and should be dated accordingly e.g. 8th-9th century. Specifically the hair locks show some iconographical simliarity to certain sandstone figures from phnom da.
A BRONZE FIGURE OF A DANCING HEVAJRA, BAYON STYLE, ANGKOR PERIODKhmer Empire, late 12th to early 13th century. The eight-headed deity well cast dancing atop a prostrate figure with one leg raised and arms radiating around him holding diminutive figures of deities and animals, wearing a short sampot secured with a pendent fishtail sash, the details intricately rendered. The bronze with a superb, rich, naturally grown patina with extensive malachite encrustation.Provenance: From the collection of Rene Ronveaux (d. 1991), Belgium, acquired circa in the 1970s and thence by descent to Robert Ronveaux (b. 1955). A copy of a provenance statement, written and signed by Robert Ronveaux, dated 8 December 2022, confirming the provenance stated above, accompanies this lot.Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive wear, small cracks, losses and dents, some possibly with minor old fills, signs of weathering and erosion, soil deposits, encrustations, all as expected from a Khmer bronze of nearly 1,000 years of age.Weight: 2,700 gDimensions: Height 36.4 cm (incl. base) and 33 cm (excl. base) Mounted on a wood stand. (2)Hevajra is the personification of enlightenment, the dance pose symbolizing the process of enlightenment as liberation from worldly constraints.Literature comparison: Compare a closely related Khmer bronze of Hevajra, 22.7 cm high, in the National Museum in Phnom Penh, inventory number Ga.4170. Another closely related example was exhibited in the Ethnological Museum, Berlin. Compare a closely related Khmer bronze of Hevajra, 41 cm high, dated c. 1180-1230, illustrated in Wolfgang Felten and Martin Lerner, Thai Sculpture from the 6th to the 14th centuries, Stuttgart, 1988, p. 235, no. 37.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 23 September 2004, lot 57 Price: USD 31,070 or approx. EUR 45,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of a dancing Hevajra, Khmer, Angkor period, Bayon style, late 12th/early 13th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling with similar pose and the same number of heads and arms, and malachite patina. Note the smaller size (24 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Galerie Zacke, Vienna, 9 March 2023, lot 220 Price: EUR 33,800Description: A bronze figure of a dancing Hevajra, Angkor Period, Bayon styleExpert remark: Compare the closely related modeling with similar pose and the same number of heads and arms, and malachite patina. Note the size (37.5 cm).
A LARGE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE STANDING BUDDHA, AYUTTHAYA KINGDOM (1351-1767)Thailand, 17th to early 18th century. Standing upright with the right arm slightly raised and the left lowered, wearing a long flaring sanghati secured at the waist with a belt. The face showing a serene expression with downcast eyes below elegantly arched brows, flanked by elongated earlobes, the hair in pointed curls over the ushnisha.Provenance: Sotheby's, New York, 25-26 September 1986, lot 342. Collection of Richard B. Desmond, Folly Cove, Massachusetts, acquired from the above and thence by descent in the family. Note that in 1986 Sotheby's has cataloged this lot as “circa 1800".Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age, showing expected wear, weathering and casting flaws, as well as small dents and cracks, light scratches, and obvious losses. The bronze entirely covered by a fine, naturally grown patina with malachite encrustations overall.Weight: 8,136 gDimensions: Height 63.5 (incl. base), 58.5 cm (excl. base) Mounted on a hardwood stand which dates from the mid-20th century. (2)The Ayutthaya Kingdom considered the Buddha as a symbol of enlightenment and wisdom, and was known for its patronage of Buddhism, and many temples built during the period. These temples housed images of the Buddha and other Buddhist deities and were regarded as sacred places where people could practice their faith. The Ayutthaya Kingdom's rulers also used Buddhism as a means of legitimizing their power, considering themselves as "Buddha's representatives on earth," and their patronage of Buddhism was seen as a sign of their moral authority and righteousness.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Sotheby's Hong Kong, 17 December 2021, lot 3067 Price: HKD 52,920 or approx. EUR 6,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze standing figure of Buddha, 17th-18th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling with similar pose, face, and robe, and manner of casting. Note the smaller size (52 cm), which is considerable since it includes the base.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's Paris, 6 July 2022, lot 233 Price: EUR 22,680 or approx. EUR 23,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of Buddha Shakyamuni, Thailand, Ayutthaya period, 17th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling with similar pose, face, and robe, and manner of casting. Note the larger size (106 cm).
A BRONZE HEAD OF BUDDHA, LAOS, 16th-17th CENTURYFinely cast, his serene face with heavy-lidded downcast eyes below elegantly arched brows, his full lips forming a gentle smile, flanked by long pendulous earlobes. The hair arranged in tight curls surmounted by a domed ushnisha and flame. The bronze with a superb, naturally grown patina of a deep copper-red tone with cuprite encrustations.Provenance: German trade.Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Wear and casting flaws. Few minuscule losses. Minor signs of weathering and erosion.Weight: 2,287 g (incl. stand)Dimensions: Height 23 cm (excl. stand) and 31 cm (incl. stand) Mounted on an associated metal base. (2)Literature comparison:Compare a related statue of Buddha, dated 18th century, in the collection of the British Museum, registration number 2003,0806.1. Compare a related head and torso of a standing Buddha, dated 17th-18th century, in the collection of the Walters Art Museum, accession number 54.2759.
A LURISTAN BRONZE AXE-HEAD, LAST QUARTER OF 2ND TO EARLY 1ST MILLENNIUM BCIran, c. 1200-700 BC. Well cast, the axe-head with a rimmed, fan-shaped blade. The cylindrical socket extends into five molds terminating in spikes. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, solid patina with distinct areas of encrustations.Provenance: From a Royal Collection.Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive wear, minor casting flaws, few nicks, light scratches, minor losses, signs of weathering and corrosion, and encrustations.Weight: 407.7 g Dimensions: Length 21.9 cm Luristan bronzes are small cast and decorated objects from the early Iron Age which have been found in large numbers in Lorestan province and Kermanshah in western Iran. They include a great number of ornaments, tools, weapons, horse fittings, and a smaller number of vessels including situlae and are characterized by a wide range of idiosyncratic forms and a highly stylized conception of human and animal representation. Those from recorded excavations were generally found in burials. The ethnicity of the people who created them remains unclear, though they may well have been Iranian, possibly related to the modern Lur people who have given their name to the area. Luristan bronze objects came to the notice of the world art market from the late 1920s onwards. They were excavated in considerable quantities by local people and are found today in many of the world's most important museums.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related bronze axe-head, 21 cm long, dated ca. 750 BC, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accession number M.91.364.34. Compare a closely related Luristan axe-head, 21 cm long, dated 1st millennium BC, in the Louvre Museum, registration number AO 18667.Compare a related Luristan axe-head dated 1000-500 BC, in the British Museum, registration number 1945,1015.3.Auction result comparison:Type: RelatedAuction: Christie's New York, 12 April 2022, lot 53Price: USD 21,420 or approx. EUR 20,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A Luristan bronze axe head surmounted by an ibex, circa 1200-900 BCExpert remark: Compare the related form and manner of casting. Note the size (25.4 cm) and the ibex surmounting the axe head.
A LARGE LURISTAN BRONZE SWORD, LATE 2ND TO EARLY 1ST MILLENNIUM BCIran, c. 11th-8th century BC. Well cast, the rounded tapered blade with a broad concentric ridge, the flanged hilt with a globular finial. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown patina with distinct areas of malachite encrustation.Provenance: From a Royal Collection in France. With an old inventory label, '185'.Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive wear, minor casting flaws, few nicks, light scratches, minor losses, signs of weathering and corrosion, and encrustations. Displaying remarkably well.Weight: 776 g Dimensions: Length 53.5 cm Literature comparison:Compare a closely related Luristan bronze sword, 40.3 cm long, dated to the 2nd millennium BC, in the British Museum, registration number 1936,0613.192. Compare a related Luristan bronze sword, 48.9 cm long, dated 1000 BC-100 AD, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accession number M.81.255.4. Compare a related Luristan bronze sword, 46 cm long, dated to the 1st millennium BC, in the Louvre Museum, registration number AO 20876. Compare a related Luristan bronze sword published by K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop and H.W.M. Hodges in Three Iron Swords from Luristan, British School of Archeology in Iraq XXVIII, p. 171, London, 1966.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Bonhams London, 7 July 2022, lot 76 Price: GBP 10,200 or approx. EUR 13,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A Luristan bronze dagger, 11th-9th century BC Expert remark: Compare the related form with similar broad concentric ridge. Note the smaller size (44 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 12 October 2021, lot 99 Price: USD 27,500 or approx. EUR 27,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A Luristan bronze sword, 9th-8th century BC Expert remark: Note the larger size (82 cm).
A LURISTAN 'MASTER OF ANIMALS' BRONZE STANDARD FINIAL, IRAN, CIRCA 1000-650 BCThe tubular base surmounted by a stylized Janus-headed figure flanked on both sides by mythical beasts whose paws are placed together on the central figure's chest. The figure is boldly cast with detail work along the waist and legs. The face has a broad nose, large eyes, and prominent ears. The bronze has a naturally grown patina with malachite and cuprite encrustations.Provenance: Galerie Persepolis, Brussels, exhibited from 28 October to 13 November 1971. Collection of Monsieur H., Brussels, Belgium, acquired from the above. Collection Madame D.T., acquired from the above. Condition: Good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive wear, few nicks, light scratches, minor losses, signs of weathering and corrosion, and encrustations.Weight: 263.2 g Dimensions: Height 14.7 cm (incl. stand), 12.2 cm (excl. stand) Luristan bronzes are small cast and decorated objects from the Early Iron Age (first millennium BC) which have been found in large numbers in Lorestan province and Kermanshah in western Iran. They include a great number of ornaments, tools, weapons, horse fittings, and a smaller number of vessels including situlae and are characterized by a wide range of idiosyncratic forms and a highly stylized conception of human and animal representation. Those from recorded excavations were generally found in burials. The ethnicity of the people who created them remains unclear, though they may well have been Indo-European, possibly related to the modern Lur people who have given their name to the area. Luristan bronze objects came to the notice of the world art market from the late 1920s onwards. They were excavated in considerable quantities by local people and are found today in many of the world's most important museums.The Master of Animals is a motif in ancient art showing a human between and grasping two confronted animals. The subject is widespread in the art of the Ancient Near East and Egypt. Although such figures are not all deities, the term may be a generic name for several deities from a variety of cultures with close relationships to the animal kingdom or in part animal form (in cultures where that is not the norm). These figures control animals and are responsible for their continued reproduction and availability for hunters. The Greek god shown as 'Master of Animals' is usually Apollo, one of the gods of the hunt. Shiva has the epithet Pasupathi meaning the 'Lord of animals', and these figures may derive from an archetype. Chapter 39 of the Book of Job has been interpreted as an assertion of the deity of the Hebrew Bible as Master of Animals.Literature comparison: Compare a closely related Luristan bronze standard finial, 19.2 cm high, also dated circa 1000-650 BC, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accession number M.76.97.91. Compare a closely related Luristan bronze standard finial, 20.5 cm high, also dated circa 1000-650 BC, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accession number M.76.97.94.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 9 June 2022, lot 24 Price: USD 31,500 or approx. EUR 29,000 converted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A Luristan bronze goddess, circa 9th-7th century BC Expert remark: Note the size (13.7 cm)Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 4 June 2015, lot 154 Price: USD 23,750 or approx. EUR 27,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A Luristan bronze goddess finial, circa 9th-7th century BC Expert remark: Note the slightly larger size (18.4 cm)
A SILVER-INLAID AND INSCRIBED BRONZE SHRINE, JAIN, WESTERN INDIA, CIRCA 10TH - 11TH CENTURYElegantly cast in openwork with a central tirthankara seated in dhyanasana on a throne raised on a rectangular pedestal supported on spreading feet, his hands lowered in dhyana mudra, the srivatsa on his chest and his eyes neatly inlaid with silver. The principal deity surrounded by two apsaras, two chauri bearers, and seated attendants, backed by a beaded arch topped by tiered conical finials. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown patina with malachite and cuprite encrustations. The back incised with a extensive inscription.Provenance: Collection Particuliere Française. Acquired 1921 in India and thence by descent within the same family, according to the previous owner.Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Extensive wear, predominantly from centuries of worship within the culture. Minor casting flaws, small nicks, losses, signs of weathering and erosion, encrustations.Weight: 517.1 g Dimensions: Height 15 cm Literature comparison:Compare a related bronze Jain shrine, 18.3 cm high, dated ca. 1236 AD, in the British Museum, registration number 1996,1002.2 (fig.1). Compare a related bronze Jain triad with Parsvanatha, 21.3 cm high, dated 1004 AD, in the Norton Simon Museum, accession number F.1975.06.S. Compare a related bronze Jain triad with Neminatha and retinue, 29.2 cm high, dated ca. 1000 AD, in the Norton Simon Museum, accession number F.1975.17.23.S.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Bonhams New York, 19 March 2018, lot 3071 Price: USD 30,000 or approx. EUR 33,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A copper alloy Jain shrine, central India, 10th century Expert remark: Note the size (15.7 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Bonhams New York, 19 March 2018, lot 3072 Price: USD 12,500 or approx. EUR 13,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A copper alloy shrine to Mahavira, Western India, dated 1074 AD Expert remark: Note the size (11.6 cm).
A BRONZE FRAGMENT OF KALI, VIJAYANAGARA PERIODSouth India, 15th-16th century. Heavily cast, the fierce goddess richly adorned in jewelry, clad in a neatly incised dhoti, her wrathful face with almond-shaped eyes below arched brows, with full lips forming a subtle smile revealing sharp fangs, her ears with circular earrings, the head surmounted by a tiered crown with a lotus finial backed by a flaming halo, her hands holding the staff of her trident.Provenance: From a private collection in England, United Kingdom, and thence by descent.Condition: Wear, losses, nicks, scratches. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown, smooth patina. Overall presenting exceptionally well, despite the fragmentary nature of the piece.Weight: 1,629.3 gDimensions: Height 21 cm Auction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Sotheby's Paris, 15 June 2023, lot 160Price: EUR 17,780Description: A bronze figure of Kali, South India, Vijayanagara period, ca. 16th century Expert remark: Compare the related manner of casting and modeling with similar flaming halo. Note the size (25.3 cm).Auction result comparison:Type: RelatedAuction: Christie's New York, 19 March 2013, lot 230Price: USD 87,500 or approx. EUR 106,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A bronze figure of Bhairava, South India, Vijayanagara period, 15th century Expert remark: Compare the related manner of casting and modeling with similar flaming halo. Note the size (67.8 cm).
AN ELABORATE KERALA BRONZE FIGURE OF A FEMALE DEITY, POSSIBLY KALISouth India, 16th-17th century or earlier. Finely cast standing on a tiered square base within a beaded arch, richly adorned with beaded and floral jewelry and festooned with belts and garlands. Her hair is neatly incised and pulled up into a high chignon, falling elegantly in strands over her shoulder. Her serene face with almond-shaped eyes and full lips. The back of her head with a floral strut. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown patina with malachite and cuprite encrustations.Provenance: From an old French family collection. An ancient collector's label on the base and a collectors incision on the top of the base.Condition: Condition commensurate with age and displaying very well, with some wear and minor casting flaws, signs of weathering and erosion, encrustation, scratches, nicks, dents and obvious losses.Weight: 538.1 gDimensions: Height 14.6 cm According to Pratapaditya Pal, Kerala bronzes are among the most underappreciated and least studied schools of Indian art, and he emphasizes in his book The Elegant Image that “[n]owhere else on the subcontinent have the sculptors lavished so much energy and attention to ornamental elements of a bronze ensemble as have the unknown artists of Kerala" (2011, p. 119). He intuits that bronze and stone sculpture, as opposed to wood, must have begun in Kerala under the political hegemony of the Pallava dynasty, which ended in the 9th century. In addition to this, the lavish and flamboyant ornamentation on the present lot indicates an artistic borrowing from the Hoysala style of the 12th - 14th centuries.Literature comparison:Compare a related bronze statue of Shiva, 30.3 cm tall, dated to the 14th-15th century, in the Walters Art Museum, accession number 54.2648. Compare a related bronze statue of Kali, 22.5 cm tall, dated to the 17th century, in the Brooklyn Museum, accession number 87.185.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 30 March 2006, lot 67 Price: USD 13,200 or approx. EUR 18,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A bronze figure of a female deity, India, Kerala, 16th centuryExpert remark: Note the size (35.4 cm). Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 21 March 2008, lot 762Price: USD 8,125 or approx. EUR 11,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A rare bronze figure of Vishnu, India, Kerala, 17th centuryExpert remark: Note the size (29.2 cm).
A BRONZE STATUE OF VISHNU HOLDING THE INFANT BRAHMA ON A SHRINE, NAYAK PERIODSouth India, 17th century. The four-armed deity seated atop a lotus pedestal, holding the infant Brahma in his two main arms while the others hold chakra and conch, backed by a separately cast arch with beaded and foliate decorations, makara heads, and central kirtimukha. The bronze with a fine, chocolate-brown patina and scattered malachite encrustations. Provenance: Sotheby's London, 28 October 1993, lot 649. Collection Particuliere Française, acquired from the above. With an old Sotheby's label, '649. 28 Oct 1993'.Condition: Very good condition with minor wear and casting irregularities, small dents, minuscule nicks, light scratches, encrustations.Weight: 384.8 g Dimensions: Height 11.8 cm Literature comparison:Compare a related brass figure of Vishnu holding baby Brahma, 11.9 cm high, in the Science Museum, London, object number A5428.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Bonhams San Francisco, 25 June 2019, lot 173 Price: USD 3,750 or approx. EUR 4,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A copper alloy figure of Vishnu and Lakshmi, South India, Nayak period, circa 17th century Expert remark: Compare the related composition, modeling, alloy, and manner of casting. Note the different subject and larger size (17.2 cm).
A COPPER ALLOY FIGURE OF DANCING KRISHNA, SOUTH INDIA, 17TH-18TH CENTURYWell cast in a dramatic pose dancing above a waisted lotus pedestal supported on a flat rectangular plinth, his raised right foot over a matka (butter pot), his right hand holding a ball of butter. The rounded body adorned with elaborate jewelry, his face with large almond shaped eyes below elegantly arched brows above a sharp nose, the hair tied into a topknot with a shirashchakra to the back.Provenance: Dominique Sirvain, Saint-Ouen, 2009. Collection particuliere Française, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with some old wear, expected casting flaws, small nicks, few minor dents.Weight: 245.5 gDimensions: Height 9.5 cm According to ancient epics, Krishna was brought up by foster parents who were cow-herders, leading to the association of the deity with cows, milkmaids and, as demonstrated in the present lot, butter, which he would steal from his neighbors.Literature comparison:Compare a related brass figure of a dancing Krishna, dated circa 17th century, 21.9 cm high, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accession number M.87.124, illustrated by Pratapaditya Pal, Indian Sculpture, vol. 2, 1988, p. 223, cat. 116.Auction result comparison:Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 20 March 2008, lot 354 Price: USD 4,000 or approx. EUR 5,300 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A copper figure of the Krishna child dancing on Kaliya, South India, Tamil Nadu, Vijayanagar period, 16th/17th centuryExpert remark: Compare the related dancing pose, with the figure also holding a butter ball, lotus base on rectangular plinth, and copper-brown patina. Note the size (11.3 cm).Auction result comparison:Type: Closely related Auction: Bonhams London, 7 June 2023, lot 2 Price: GBP 3,200 or approx. EUR 3,700 converted at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of Krishna, South India, 17th/18th centuryExpert remark: Compare the related dancing pose, with the figure also holding a butter ball, and copper-brown patina. Note the size (15.4 cm).Auction result comparison:Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 16 September 2008, lot 428 Price: USD 5,250 or approx. EUR 6,800 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A bronze figure of dancing Krishna, South India, 17th centuryExpert remark: Compare the related dancing pose and lotus base. Note the size (19.7 cm).
A LARGE BRONZE STATUE OF VALLI, SOUTH INDIA, TAMIL NADU, 18th -19th CENTURYThe Hindu goddess cast standing in an implied tribhanga pose, subtly flexed at the hip, dressed in an ankle-length dhoti incised with foliate designs secured by a jeweled belt and long flowing sash, richly adorned with a necklace, earrings, armlets, and bangles. The face with elongated eyes and gently arched brows, a demure smile, and an overall modest demeanor. The hair parted down in the middle with tresses elegantly curling down the shoulder, the rest gathered in a coiled bun.Provenance: From an old private estate in Vienna, Austria. The stand with an old inscription, 'Q. B. 73'. Condition: Excellent condition with old wear, expected casting irregularities, few tiny nicks and minor loss of material, signs of weathering and erosion.Weight: 3,468 g Dimensions: Height 35.5 cm (excl. stand) and 43.5 cm (incl. stand) Mounted on an associated and fitted wood stand. (2)Expert's note: Valli is a Hindu goddess, and the second consort of the deity Murugan. An incarnation of the goddess Sundaravalli, daughter of Vishnu, Valli is born on earth as the daughter of a chieftain, leading the life of a huntress. Murugan, the god of war, eventually woos and weds her, according to Tamil folklore. Both of their legends originate from the mountain region also known as Kurunji in Tamilakam. Her sister, Amritavalli (Devasena), also succeeds in marrying Murugan as the adopted daughter of Indra, making them sister-wives.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 22 March 2022, lot 462 Price: USD 22,680 or approx. EUR 22,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: A bronze figure of Valli, South India, Tamil Nadu, Nayaka period, late 18th-early19th centuryExpert remark: Note the size (57.8 cm).
AN EARLY FAHUA-GLAZED 'LOTUS' JAR, GUAN, WITH FOUR LION-MASK HANDLES, MING DYNASTYExpert's note: The lion mask-handles in such high relief are extremely rare in fahua-glazed Guan jars of this type. While they did exist with other styles of fahua vessels, like the stools at Sotheby's referenced in the literature comparison below, no other jars of this type are recorded in public or private collections. China, late 15th to early 16th century. Heavily potted with a baluster body supported on a short tapered foot and rising to a short waisted neck with a galleried rim. The exterior is slip decorated and brightly glazed in blue, turquoise, aubergine, yellow, and cream with two egrets, one standing and the other flying, in a lotus pond with blossoms, buds, and leaves, in the back with a small butterfly, all above crashing waves. The shoulder encircled by a band of lotus scroll and applied with four pierced lion-mask handles that once suspended loose bronze rings, below a band of foliate scroll to the neck.Provenance: From the Langlois Collection. Jean-Marie-Charles Langlois (1896-1949) arrived in Vietnam in 1920, where he served as the principal engineer for the Indochinese railways until 1949. As a sinophile who spoke fluent Mandarin, he built an important collection of Asian works of art. In 1949, he was imprisoned by the Viet Minh during a train attack and executed on the same day. His wife and two sons came back to Burgundy near Dijon, France, bringing Jean Langlois' collection with them. Once in France, his family continued to buy Asian works of art on the French art market, thus paying tribute to Jean Langlois's memory.Condition: The raised slip is remarkably well preserved. The jar remains in its absolutely original condition with no restorations of any kind. Obvious glaze losses as seen on images, some of them smoothened. Old wear, expected firing flaws, shallow surface scratches and tiny nicks. Displaying exceptionally well, despite its age of roughly half a millennia.Weight: 4,451 g Dimensions: Height 28.8 cm The term 'fahua' may derive from the Chinese term 'fenhua', meaning 'powdered decoration' and refers to a group of medium-fired glazes developed in the late 15th century on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty liu li glazes (see Q. Wang, A Dictionary of Chinese Ceramics, Shanghai, 1989, p. 220). Due to the very liquid nature of the glazes, the variously colored areas are isolated from one another by clay walls which tend to vary in thickness.Variations in the vivacity of the colors applied, as well as different shapes and subjects of decoration, may be attributed to different eras of production (see D. Lion-Goldschmidt, Ming Porcelain, London, 1978, p. 127). On this matter, Lion-Goldschmidt also notes that the early fahua wares tend to feature motifs of lotus rising from water, as well as cranes, birds, and figures. The author further points out that complimentary decoration on fahua, i.e. that found on necks, rims, and feet, also relates to the designs, found on late 15th century blue and white wares. Egrets or cranes provide a homonym for 'lu' ('a path'), alluding to attainment. When this imagery is combined with flowering lotus (lian) it forms the rebus, 'Yilu lianke' ('May you pass your exams one after another'). Literature comparison:Compare a related pair of fahua-glazed stools also decorated with egrets in a lotus pond and applied with similar lion-mask handles suspending gilt-bronze rings, 44 cm high, dated to the Ming dynasty, at Sotheby's Paris, 11 April 2018, lot 305.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Sotheby's London, 13 May 2015, lot 289 Price: GBP 18,750 or approx. EUR 32,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing Description: A large fahua 'lotus' jar, Guan, Ming dynasty Expert remark: Compare the related guan form, lotus pond decoration, and fahua glaze. Note the associated wood cover and that the jar is restored to the neck unlike the present lot which is in absolutely original condition. 明代琺華釉蓮花罐中國，十五世紀末至十六世紀初。由于平台拍品叙述的长度限制，我们移除了中文叙述，完整中文叙述请至www.zacke.at查看
A large collection of ceramics, glass and mementoes from the New Zealand Exhibitions at Christchurch 1906-7 and Dunedin 1925-26, including a medal awarded to M Perry, Royal Doulton mug, Aynsley cup and saucer, cast bronze / metal pin dish with Maori decoration in relief advertising Aulsebrook, Kapai and Co Biscuits and Chocolates, wooden box, sectional pipe, miniature soda siphon etc
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