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[CAWLEY HAROLD THOMAS]: (1878-1915) British Soldier, Barrister & Politician, a Captain and Aide-de-Camp to Major-General William Douglas of the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division of the 6th Battalion, Manchester Regiment during World War I. One of the four sons of Frederick Cawley (1850-1937) 1st Baron Cawley, British Businessman and Politician, who served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1916-18. The three youngest sons of Baron Cawley lost their lives in World War I, Harold Thomas Cawley being killed at Gallipoli, during the Dardanelles Campaign, at a crater which subsequently became known as 'Cawley's Crater', on 23rd September 1915 at the young age of 37. He was one of 22 Members of Parliament to lose their lives during World War I. Small series of four A.Ls.S. by various individuals, each of them letters of condolence written to Baron Cawley or his wife upon the death of their son, Harold, comprising H. H. Asquith (British Prime Minister 1908-16; in full, 'Permit me to send you one line of the most heart-felt sympathy. You have been sorely stricken in your country's cause, but you have glorious & consoling memories', on the blind embossed stationery of the Prime Minister, 10 Downing Street, Whitehall, 2nd October 1915), Reginald McKenna (British Politician, Home Secretary 1911-15, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1915-16; in part, 'I heard the terrible news yesterday. My wife is as distressed as I am, and I cannot find words to express our sympathy….Harold was such a gallant, true-hearted man with fine abilities and great promise for the future. The horror of this ghastly business is overwhelming….', 2nd October 1915. Harold Thomas Cawley had served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to McKenna from 1911), Pamela McKenna (wife of Reginald McKenna; a lengthy letter to Lady Cawley, in part, 'I could not believe it was true last night when I heard in the House of Commons that Harold had been killed…..You know how we both loved Harold - he was with us so much and always so sweet to me and my babies and so loyal and helpful to my husband. One of the reasons why I most longed for the War to end was to have him back again as the House was so strange without him….He was so loveable…..and so upright and courageous in everything he said and did….I like the full-face photograph of him in the papers today and should love to have one, and if I may, I should much love to have some little thing of his to keep….', 1st October 1915) and Walter Runciman (President of the Board of Trade 1914-16 during World War I; in part, 'The hard & painful news which has now come to you has greatly stirred every one of your friends….Would you let me as one who for two or three years had a peculiarly close connection with Harold say how stirred I have been by yesterday's telegram and how sadly it brings to mind memories of days of work and holiday when his bright and brave individuality were a constant joy….It will always be one of my special grounds for thankfulness that he toiled away for me at distasteful tasks and cheered me up at a time when the support of a man of courage was the one essential element in surviving political storms…..Let me add that when the Cabinet heard this morning that Harold had fallen, all round the table our colleagues expressed their deep regrets at what is a real and serious loss to the House of Commons & Lancashire & the Army', n.d.). Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG, 4
CAWLEY JOHN STEPHEN: (1879-1914) English Brigade Major with the 1st Cavalry Brigade during World War I. One of the four sons of Frederick Cawley (1850-1937) 1st Baron Cawley, British Businessman and Politician, who served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1916-18. The three youngest sons of Baron Cawley lost their lives in World War I, John Stephen Cawley being killed in action at Nery, France, at the young age of 34. It was for actions at this engagement, during the retreat from Mons, that three Victoria Crosses were awarded. A.L.S., Stephen, four pages, 8vo, Whitehall, 27th September 1911, to his mother, on the printed stationery of the War Office. Cawley writes a social letter to his mother, informing her of recent activities, 'I went down to Salisbury plain…..I took advantage of my presence there to have a trip in an aeroplane. I went up about 700' - it was perfectly safe as no wind was blowing but I did not enjoy it, as I could not get over the fact that there was 700' of space between myself and the earth. I dined with Father & Oswald at the Automobile club on the night before the Olympic sailed & after dinner O & I went to see Kismet…..' and of his work, 'I shall be rather pressed with work for the next six weeks until the two books on which I am at present engaged are sent off for proofs to be printed, after that work will be intermittent, hard when the proofs come back for correction & easy when they have been sent off again…..'. Together with a small series of poignant A.Ls.S., contemporary unsigned typescript copies of letters etc., by a variety of individuals including fellow officers of Cawley, friends and colleagues etc., all written to either Baron Cawley or his wife, most in the immediate aftermath of John Stephen Cawley's death, including Walter Runciman (President of the Board of Trade 1914-16 during World War I; stating 'I have just heard with the deepest sorrow of the death of your son…..he had led his men so gallantly that the first capture of German guns stands to his credit. In a time when you are suffering great distress at his loss it will I trust be some comfort to Lady Cawley and you that his brilliant career ended as no doubt he would have wished to die when his time had come…..let me add that when his name was read out at the Cabinet today the sentiments I am expressing most imperfectly were rumoured all round the table by those of us who knew how bright, able and high spirited he had been', 3rd September 1914), C. J. Briggs (contemporary unsigned typed copy of a letter written On Active Service detailing Cawley's death, in part, 'On the early morning of the 1st September, when the Brigade was severely attacked, your Son and my Brigade Major was unfortunately hit by a shell on the head. He never recovered consciousness, and died in about fifteen minutes…..He has been a true friend, a loyal, zealous and conscientious Staff Officer to me…..He proved himself to be a real fighter in war, and was always cool and collected…..', 3rd September 1914), G. W. Browne (in part, '….as an old friend & a stout admirer of your brilliant son, with whom I had the honour to serve for 10 years in the 20th Hussars & whom I always tried to copy in every possible way - as being in my opinion the best soldier I have ever met, may I be permitted to express the regret which I feel only too strongly at his death…..The Army & nation have lost a brilliant soldier…..', 10th September [1914]), Major Rex Osborne (contemporary unsigned typed copy of a letter and a further holograph retained draft of the second page only of another letter, written and signed in pencil, in part, 'Our brigade was attacked soon after dawn at Nery by a force double our numbers….Our Brigade headquarters were more or less in the middle of the village and the enemy's fire was mainly directed at the Southern end of the village…..Stephen like the rest of us saw at once that the situation was exceedingly serious….it was an occasion which called for personal example from the senior officers. For this reason Stephen asked the General if he might go the South end of the village, and try to help restore order….He did so and then lay down behind a small bank in the advanced line beside Major Browning…..At that moment Major Ing, Queen's Bays was hit. Stephen said to Major Browning “Poor Ing's hit” and was then himself struck on the right side of the head above his ear and behind it by a piece of shell…..They carried him into a small house which was improvised into a temporary hospital. I went to say a last good-bye to him after he was dead and he looked quite happy. He was buried there…..' the holograph page stating, in part, '….on Stephen's grave the Germans had erected a small wooden cross….I established without doubt that Stephen was one of the 4 officers and all the identity of the other 3, and I wrote their names on the wooden cross. Besides Stephen in that grave lie Capt. Bradbury RHA (VC after death) Lt. Campbell RHA, Lt. de Crespigny Queen's Bays. He, at least, is laid beside men who are worthy comrades'). Some light overall age wear, G to generally VG, 9
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