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A superb Specimen Rupee from Patna’s first milled coinage East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Patna (Azimabad) Mint: First milled issue, silver Proof or Specimen Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen year 1202h and regnal yr 19 [1793-4], type 2, naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in right side group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.66g/12h (cf. Prid. 155 [secret mark attributed to Dacca: Sale, lot 609]; Stevens 5.33; cf. KM. 99.4). A superb coin, virtually as struck and retaining considerable mint brilliance, toned, exceptionally rare [certified and graded NGC MS 64] £2,000-£3,000 --- Provenance: Taisei/Baldwin/Gillio Auction 24 (Singapore), 27 February 1997, lot 660, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope. With the decision in 1790 to introduce machinery into the presidency’s mints, Robert Blake was appointed assay master at Patna and coining commenced in January 1793

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Murshidabad Mint: First milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen year 1202h and regnal yr 19 [1792-3], type 2, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in central group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.66g/12h (Prid. 156 [Sale, lot 609]; Stevens 5.5; KM. 99.3). Practically as struck with considerable mint bloom and light peripheral toning, most attractive and very rare £1,000-£1,200 --- Provenance: Bt Baldwin (London) July 1990, two tickets. Owner’s ticket. The mint at Murshidabad, closed since 1777, re-opened in 1792 and milled silver rupees were first struck there in November of that year

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1793-1818], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.63g/11h (Prid. 157 [Sale, lot 610]; Stevens 4.18; KM. 108). Good extremely fine, full mint bloom £200-£260 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1793-1818], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no pellet in heh of shah and no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 5.83g/12h (Prid. 158 [Sale, lot 610]; Stevens 4.20; KM. 97.1). Good extremely fine, full mint bloom, attractively toned £90-£120 --- Provenance: Bt R.A. Cannito (Washinghton, NJ) July 1980, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1793-1818], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], with pellet in heh of shah but no other private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 5.82g/12h (Prid. 158 var. [Sale, lot 612]; Stevens 4.20 var.; KM. 97.1). Good very fine and toned, presumably very rare [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £140-£180 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 612 [from Baldwin (London) March 1974], ticket. Owner’s ticket. The possible significance of the extra pellet has not yet been determined; a similar coin but with an extra pellet above the crescent (Stevens website image 1422, third coin) has also been published

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Proof Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1793-1818], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.66g/12h (Prid. 160 [Sale, lot 613]; Stevens 4.19; cf. KM. 108). Brilliant and practically as struck, deeply toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection SNC (London) April 1980 (3119), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Patna (Azimabad) Mint: Second milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-6], naming Murshidabad, ikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in right side group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.62g/12h (Prid. 163 [secret mark attributed to Dacca: Sale, lot 614]; Stevens 5.34; KM. 108 var.). Good very fine and attractively toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC AU 55] £300-£400 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 614 (part) K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 638 (part). Owner’s ticket. The Patna mint was closed in December 1796

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Patna (Azimabad) Mint: Second milled issue, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-6], naming Murshidabad, ikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in right side group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 5.76g/12h (Prid. 164 [secret mark attributed to Dacca: Sale, lot 614]; Stevens 5.35; KM. 97.4). About very fine and toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC AU 55] £300-£400 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 614 (part) [acquired August 1968], ticket K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 638 (part). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Murshidabad Mint: Second milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-5], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in central group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.62g/12h (Prid. 166 [Sale, lot 615]; Stevens 5.6; KM. 109). Extremely fine, reflective dark toning, scarce [certified and graded NGC MS 61] £180-£220 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 615, ticket. Owner’s ticket. The Murshidabad mint closed in the autumn of 1795

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Murshidabad Mint: Second milled issue, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-5], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in central group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 5.75g/12h (Prid. 167 [not traced: not in Sale]; Stevens 5.7; Stevens website image 1606, this coin; KM. 97.3). Good very fine and dark-toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC AU 55] £300-£400 --- Provenance: ‘Stiller’ Collection, Baldwin Auction 47 (London), 25 September 2006, lot 829, envelope. Owner’s ticket. Although this denomination was not known to Pridmore, a small number of specimens have been seen

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Dacca Mint: Second milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-6], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in left group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.61g/12h (Prid. 169 [secret mark attributed to Patna: Sale, lot 616]; Stevens 5.57; KM. 99.2). Good very fine and toned, rare [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £400-£500 --- Provenance: K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 640 (part), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Dacca Mint: Second milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-6], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in left group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.60g/12h (Prid. 169 [secret mark attributed to Patna: Sale, lot 616]; Stevens 5.57; KM. 99.2). Struck a litle off-centre, otherwise very fine, rare £300-£400 --- Provenance: Bt Baldwin (London) June 1985, ticket. Owner’s ticket

The finest known Rupee from the last issue of the Dacca mint East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Dacca Mint: Second milled issue, silver Proof or Specimen Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-6], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in left group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.66g/12h (cf. Prid. 169 [secret mark attributed to Patna: not in Sale]; cf. Stevens 5.57; cf. KM. 99.2). Good extremely fine with much underlying brilliance, olive tone, exceptionally rare and probably the finest known specimen of this issue in private hands [certified and graded NGC MS 62] £3,000-£4,000 --- Provenance: Bt S. Album (Santa Rosa, CA) December 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Dacca Mint: Second milled issue, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1794-6], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], central dot in left group of pellets, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 5.80g/12h (Prid. 170 [secret mark attributed to Patna: Sale, lot 616]; Stevens 5.58; KM. 97.2). Trifling surface marks, otherwise very fine and rare [certified and graded NGC AU 55] £200-£260 --- Provenance: K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 640 (part), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Third milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1819-29], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge straight-grained, 12.46g/12h (Prid. 172 [Sale, lot 617]; Stevens 6.11; KM. 108). Extremely fine, toned £60-£80 --- Provenance: SNC (London) November 1980 (9435), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Third milled issue, silver Rupees (4), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1819-29], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, revs. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edges straight-grained, 12.55g/12h, 12.53g/12h, 12.52g/12h, 12.51g/12h (Prid. 172 [Sale, lot 617]; Stevens 6.11; KM. 108) [4]. First and last very fine, others good very fine, all gilt £80-£100 --- Presumably gilt in order to be passed off as contemporary mohurs

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Third milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1819-29], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge straight-grained, 12.43g/12h (Prid. 172 [Sale, lot 617]; Stevens 6.11; KM. 108); silver Half-Rupee, similar, 6.15g/12h (Prid. 173 [Sale, lot 617]; Stevens 6.15; KM. 105); silver Quarter-Rupee, frozen date 1204h and regnal yr 19 [1819-29], naming Murshidabad, sikka Shah alam badshah [coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year], no private marks, edge straight-grained, 3.03g/12h (Prid. 175 [Sale, lot 617]; Stevens 6.17; KM. 104) [3]. First very fine and toned, second good fine, last fine £40-£50 --- Provenance: First bt R. Weir (Unionville, ONT) February 1999 Second SNC (London) November 1980 (9436), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Third milled issue, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1819-29], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge straight-grained, 6.22g/12h (Prid. 173 [Sale, lot 617]; Stevens 6.15; KM. 105). Virtually as struck, considerable mint bloom £70-£90 --- Provenance: Bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1982. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Third milled issue, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1819-29], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], privy mark s at top left, edge straight-grained, 12.45g/12h (Prid. 176 [Sale, lot 618]; Stevens 6.13; KM. 109). Extremely fine and with mint bloom, scarce [certified and graded NGC MS 63+] £150-£200 --- Provenance: Bt P.H. Davis (Tampa, FL) June 1981. Owner’s ticket. The significance of the s privy mark remains the subject of debate. Pridmore suggested it represented the initial of George Saunders (1782-1836) who was the mint master at Calcutta from December 1815 to 1820. If Pridmore’s suggestion is correct, the mark might represent the earliest pieces struck of this issue (i.e. 1819-20, before Saunders, who later became the collector of customs at Agra, was replaced temporarily by J.M. McNabb, himself later the commissioner for revenue at Benares, and then by his namesake, Robert Saunders (1792-1856)), as there are minor design differences between them and non-s marked coins. Robert Saunders, who took up his post in January 1826, is well-known from the placing of his initials on many of the first post-1835 uniform issues

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), type A/I, no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1831-5], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], star at left, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], crescent at top left, edge plain, 12.46g/12h (Prid. 177 [Sale, lot 619]; Stevens 9.5; KM. 117); silver Half-Rupee, similar but no star on obv., edge plain, 6.26g/12h (Prid. 180 [Sale, lot 619]; Stevens 9.9; KM. 116); silver Quarter-Rupee, frozen date 1204h and regnal yr 19 [1831-5], naming Murshidabad, sikka Shah alam badshah [coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], crescent at centre left, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year], edge straight-grained, 3.11g/12h (Prid. 183 [Sale, lot 619]; Stevens 9.12; KM. 115) [3]. Last about extremely fine, others good extremely fine and toned £90-£120 --- Provenance: Bt R.A. Cannito (Washington, NJ) July 1980, three tickets. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), type A/II, no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1830], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], star at left, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], no crescent at top left, plain borders, edge plain, 12.45g/12h (Prid. 178 [Sale, lot 620]; Stevens 9.6; KM. 117). Virtually as struck, rich blue-gold tone, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 620 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983, ticket. Owner’s ticket. On 6 June 1830 a recommendation was made to the Calcutta government that coins issued from the new mint should have plain edges. From this it would appear that specimens of rupees and smaller denominations with straight-grained (as per the previous coinage) and plain edges had already been submitted for approval, and the latter selected. The currency coins (see previous lot) entered circulation in January 1831

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), type B/II, no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1830], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no star at left, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], no crescent at top left, toothed borders, edge straight-grained, 12.51g/12h (Prid. 179 [Sale, lot 622]; Stevens 9.8; KM. 117). Virtually as struck, most attractive light grey tone, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 65] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 622 (part) Bt Baldwin (London) August 1986, two tickets. Owner’s envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1830], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no star at left, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], crescent at top left, toothed borders, edge plain, 6.16g/12h (Prid. 181 [Sale, lot 620]; Stevens 9.10; KM. 116). Brilliant FDC, attractive blue-gold tone, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 66] £1,000-£1,200 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 620 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1830], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no star at left, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], crescent at top left, toothed borders, edge straight-grained, 6.22g/12h (Prid. 182 [Sale, lot 622]; Stevens 9.11; KM. 117). Virtually as struck, light grey tone, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 65] £1,000-£1,200 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 622 (part) Bt Baldwin (London) August 1986, envelope. Owner’s ticket and envelope

The finest early Mohur of Muhammadabad Benares struck under the auspices of the EIC in private hands East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1192h, yr 18 [1778-9], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark B, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 18 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 18th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.89g/10h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.2; Stevens website image 1625, same dies; KM. 13; F 1534). Small test mark on obverse at lower left, otherwise extremely fine and well-struck, retaining original brilliance, exceptionally rare, perhaps only one other known of this early date £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: Bt in London June 1984. Owner’s ticket and envelope. The Company first acquired Benares (present day Lucknow, or Varanasi) in 1764, but it was not until 1775 that it took more permanent possession. Responsibility for the currency, which had been reformed in 1767, was given to the rajah, Chait Singh (†1810) in 1776 (year 17). Production of gold coins was intermittent, but silver was struck in large quantities in each year down to 1805, although the last few years were marred by an internal investigation into corruption and malpractices by the darogahs (officials). These were unproven by the Calcutta Council, but control of the mint eventually passed to Dr Thomas Yeld, who enjoyed a lengthy career as mint master until the Benares mint closed in 1829

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1201h, yrs 17/29 [January-October 1787], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 29 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 29th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.92g/3h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.14; KM. 31; F 1534). Brilliant and practically as struck with considerable mint bloom, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 65] £1,000-£1,200 --- Provenance: Bt in London February 1985. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1202h, yrs 17/29 [October 1787-January 1788], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 29 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 29th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.83g/11h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.15; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise extremely fine and brilliant, rare £700-£900 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1202h, yr 30 [January-October 1788], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 30 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 30th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.90g/1h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.16; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on obverse edges at 12 and 6 o’clock, otherwise good extremely fine, retaining much brilliance, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1202h, yr 31 [1789], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 31 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 31st year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.84g/4h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.17; KM. 31 [date not listed]; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise good extremely fine and with a complete date, retaining much brillance, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1203h, yr 31 [January-September 1789], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 31 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 31st year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.85g/1h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.18; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise good extremely fine, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1204h, yr 32 [December 1789-September 1790], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 32 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 32nd year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.84g/8h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.20; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise good extremely fine, retaining much brilliance, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1209h, yr 36 [July-November 1794], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 36 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 36th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.82g/11h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.21; KM. 31 [date not listed]; F 1534). Two shroff marks on edge, otherwise extremely fine with a clear date, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 62] £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London March 1986. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1209h, yr 37 [November 1794-July 1795], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 37 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 37th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.82g/6h (Prid. 217 [Sale, lot 633]; Stevens 7.22; KM. 31; F 1534). Shroff mark on edge, otherwise extremely fine with a clear date, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London June 1984. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1190h, yr 17 [February-May 1776], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 17 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 17th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.17g/2h (Prid. 219 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.25; KM. 40.1); 1191h, yr 17 [1777-8], similar, 11.17g/4h (Prid. 220 [Sale, lot 634]; Stevens 7.26; KM. 40.1); 1192h, yr 17 [1778-9], similar, 11.15g/10h (Prid. 221 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.28; KM. 40.1) [3]. Second good fine, others good very fine, last scarce, all with clear dates £60-£80 --- Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1192h, yr 17 [1778-9], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark B, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 17 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 17th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.17g/2h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.29; KM. 40.1); 1194h, yrs 17/21 [January-April 1780], similar but differentiating or darogah mark A, 11.14g/4h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.35; KM. 40.1); 1194h, yrs 17/22 [April-December 1780], similar, differentiating or darogah mark A, 11.20g/10h (Prid. 224 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.36; KM. 40.1) [3]. First about extremely fine but test marks on obverse, others very fine and better £80-£100 --- Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yrs 17/22 [December 1780-April 1781], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 22 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 22nd year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/2h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.37, this coin cited; KM. 40.1). Small edge cut on reverse at 8 o’clock, otherwise extremely fine with attractive light grey tone, very rare £140-£180 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 31 (London), 14-15 October 2002, lot 720. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yrs 17/23 [April-December 1781], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark C, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 23 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 23rd year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.00g/8h (Prid. 225 [Sale, lot 635]; Stevens 7.38; KM. 40.1); 1195h, yrs 17/23 [April-December 1781], similar but differentiating or darogah mark A, 11.14g/4h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.39; KM. 40.1); 1196h, yrs 17/24 [March-December 1782], similar, differentiating or darogah mark A, 11.20g/9h (Prid. 226 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.40; KM. 40.1) [3]. First very fine but with some surface deposit, others good very fine and better but last with test mark on obverse £70-£90 --- Provenance: Third Stephen Album (Santa Rosa, CA) FPL 18, June 1980 (1129). Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1196h, yrs 17/24 [March-December 1782], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 24 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 24th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.00g/8h (Prid. 226 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.40; KM. 40.1); 1197h, yrs 17/25 [March-November 1783], similar but differentiating or darogah mark D, 11.17g/6h (Prid. 227 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.41; KM. 40.1); 1198h, yrs 17/25 [November 1783-March 1784], similar, differentiating or darogah mark D, 11.21g/12h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.42; KM. 40.1 [date not listed]) [3]. First good fine and toned, others good very fine, last scarce £70-£90 --- Second and third with owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1198h, yrs 17/25 [November 1783-March 1784], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 25 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 25th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.07g/10h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.42; KM. 40.1 [date not listed]); 1198h, yrs 17/26 [March-November 1784], similar, 11.07g/5h (Prid. 228 [Sale, lot 635]; Stevens 7.43; KM. 40.1); 1199h, yrs 17/26 [November 1784-February 1785], similar, 11.18g/11h (Prid. 229 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.44; KM. 40.1 [date not listed]) [3]. First good very fine, second about fine and with test mark on reverse, last about very fine £50-£70 --- Owner’s tickets, the second annotated ‘This is the best I could find of this date out of thousands’

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1199h, yrs 17/27 [February-November 1785], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 27 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 27th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/8h (Prid. 230 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.45; KM. 40.1); 1202h, yrs 17/30 [January-October 1788], similar, 11.12g/9h (Prid. 235 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.54; KM. 40.1); 1203h, yrs 17/30 [October 1788-January 1789], similar, 11.21g/3h (Prid. 236 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.56; KM. 40.1) [3]. Last fine, others very fine, first toned £60-£80 --- Provenance: First Stephen Album (Santa Rosa, CA) FPL 18, June 1980 (1130). Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1200h, yrs 17/27 [November 1785-February 1786], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark F, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 27 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 27th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.22g/3h (cf. Prid. 231 [not in Sale]; cf. Stevens 7.48; Stevens website image 1651, different dies; KM. 40.1). Minor deposit, otherwise good very fine, very rare of this darogah mark and with a clear date £100-£150 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1203h, yrs 17/31 [January-September 1789], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 31 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 31st year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/9h (Prid. 237 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.57; KM. 40.1); 1205h, yrs 17/32 [September-December 1790], similar, 11.21g/9h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.60; KM. 40.1 [date not listed]); 1206h, yrs 17/34 [December 1791-August 1792], similar, 11.08g/6h (Prid. 242 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.63; KM. 40.1) [3]. First very fine and toned, others fine £40-£60 --- Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1207h, yrs 17/34 [August-November 1792], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 34 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 34th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.30g/10h (Prid. 243 [Sale, lot 636]; Stevens 7.64; KM. 40.1); 1207h, yrs 17/35 [November 1792-August 1793], similar, 11.35g/5h (Prid. 244 [Sale, lot 636]; Stevens 7.65; KM. 40.1); 1208h, yrs 17/35 [August-November 1793], similar, 11.05g/8h (Prid. 246 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.67; KM. 40.1) [3]. First about extremely fine and toned, second very fine, last fine and with shroff marks £50-£70 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1982 Second P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection; SNC (London) April 1980 (3145), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 12[–]h, yrs 17/36 [1793-4], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 36 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 36th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/12h (cf. Prid. 247-8 [not in Sale]; cf. Stevens 7.68-7.69; KM. 40.1); 1209h, yrs 17/36 [July-November 1794], similar, 11.21g/3h (Prid. 248 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.69; KM. 40.1); 1209h, yrs 17/37 [November 1794-July 1795], similar, 11.32g/9h (Prid. 249 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.70; KM. 40.1) [3]. First very fine, second fine and with obverse test mark, last about extremely fine £50-£70 --- Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1210h, yrs 17/38 [October 1795-July 1796], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 38 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 38th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.33g/4h (Prid. 251 [Sale, lot 636]; Stevens 7.72; KM. 40.1); 1211h, yrs 17/38 [July-October 1796], similar, 11.31g/6h (Prid. 252 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.73; KM. 40.1); 1211h, yrs 17/39 [October 1796-June 1797], similar, 11.29g/3h (Prid. 253 [Sale, lot 637]; Stevens 7.74; KM. 40.1) [3]. First about extremely fine and toned but with a test mark in obverse edge, others about very fine £50-£70 --- Provenance: Third SNC (London) April 1980 (3146), ticket; F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London) 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1212h, yrs 17/39 [June-October 1797], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 39 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 39th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.26g/2h (Prid. 254 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.76; KM. 40.1); 1212h, yrs 17/40 [October 1797-June 1798], similar, 10.93g/1h (Prid. 255 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.77; KM. 40.1); 1213h, yrs 17/41 [September 1798-June 1799], similar, 11.34g/6h (Prid. 257 [Sale, lot 637]; Stevens 7.80; KM. 40.1) [3]. Second good fine, others about very fine and better £40-£60 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1982 Third F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London) 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1214h, yrs 17/41 [June-September 1799], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 41 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 41st year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.37g/10h (Prid. 258 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.81; KM. 40.1); 1214h, yrs 17/42 [September 1799-May 1800], similar, 11.33g/7h (Prid. 259 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.82; KM. 40.1); 1215h, yrs 17/42 [May-August 1800], similar, 11.36g/12h (Prid. 260 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.83; KM. 40.1) [3]. Second extremely fine with vestiges of mint bloom, others about very fine £60-£80 --- Second and third with owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1215h, yrs 17/43 [August 1800-May 1801], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark I, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 43 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 43rd year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.23g/5h (Prid. 261 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.84; KM. 40.1); 1216h, yrs 17/43 [May-August 1801], similar, 11.19g/9h (Prid. 262 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.85; KM. 40.1); 1216h, yrs 17/44 [August 1801-May 1802], similar, 11.32g/10h (Prid. 263 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.86; KM. 40.1) [3]. First good fine but with edge cut, others good very fine, last toned £50-£70 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1985. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1216h, yrs 17/44 [August 1801-May 1802], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark I, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 44 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 44th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.36g/12h (Prid. 263 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.86; KM. 40.1); 1217h, yrs 17/44 [May-August 1802], similar but differentiating or darogah mark J, 11.29g/8h (Prid. 264 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.87; KM. 40.1); 1217h, yrs 17/45 [August 1802-April 1803], similar, differentiating or darogah mark J, 11.30g/5h (Prid. 265 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.88; KM. 40.1) [3]. First very fine and dark-toned, second fine, last about extremely fine £60-£80 --- Second and third with owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1217h, yrs 17/45 [August 1802-April 1803], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark J, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.23g/9h (Prid. 265 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.88; KM. 40.1); 1218h, yrs 17/45 [April-July 1803], similar, 11.29g/6h (Prid. 267 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.90; KM. 40.1); 1218h, yrs 17/46 [July 1803-April 1804], similar, 11.36g/6h (Prid. 268 [Sale, lot 637]; Stevens 7.91; KM. 40.1) [3]. First good very fine, second good fine, last very fine, first and last with snick in reverse edge £60-£80 --- Provenance: Third F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part) [in collection by October 1973], ticket. Second with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1219h, yrs 17/46 [April-July 1804], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark J, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 46 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 46th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.31g/4h (Prid. 269 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.93; KM. 40.1); 1219h, yrs 17/47 [July 1804-April 1805], similar, 11.33g/2h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.94; KM. 40.1); 1219h, yrs 17/47 [[July 1804-April 1805], similar, but differentiating or darogah mark K, 11.09g/12h (Prid. 270 var. [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.94c; KM. 40.1) [3]. First good very fine, others very fine but both with single test mark on obverse £60-£80 --- Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First and Second phases, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1219h, yrs 17/47 [July 1804-April 1805], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark J, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 47 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 47th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.35g/9h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.94; KM. 40.1); 1219h, yrs 17/47 [[July 1804-April 1805], similar, but differentiating or darogah mark L, 11.33g/10h (Prid. 271 [Sale, lot 637, recté 271]; Stevens 7.96; KM. 40.1); 1220h, yrs 17/47 [April-July 1805], similar, differentiating or darogah mark L, 11.07g/8h (Prid. 272 [Sale, lot 638]; Stevens 7.97; KM. 40.1) [3]. First good very fine, others very fine, second toned £60-£80 --- Provenance: Second F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part), recté Prid. 271, ticket Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First and Second phases, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1220h, yrs 17/48 [July 1805-March 1806], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark L, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 48 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 48th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.26g/8h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.98; KM. 40.1); 1220h, yrs 17/48 [July 1805-March 1806], similar, but differentiating or darogah mark M, 11.00g/12h (Prid. 273 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.99; KM. 40.1); 1221h, yrs 17/48 [March-June 1806], similar, differentiating or darogah mark M, 11.20g/1h (Prid. 274 [Sale, lot 638]; Stevens 7.100; KM. 40.1) [3]. Very fine and better £60-£80 --- Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1221h, yrs 17/49 [1806-7], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/10h (Prid. 275 [Sale, lot 638]; Stevens 7.101; KM. 40.1); 1222h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1807-8], similar, 11.19g/12h (Prid. 276 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.102; KM. 40.1); 1223h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1808-9], similar, 11.12g/3h (Prid. 277 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.103; KM. 40.1) [3]. Last about very fine, others very fine £50-£70 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1984 Second Stephen Album (Santa Rosa, CA) FPL 18, June 1980 (1131). Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1222h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1807-8], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (without barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/10h (Prid. 276 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.102; KM. 40.1); 1223h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1808-9], similar, 11.17g/12h (Prid. 277 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.103; KM. 40.1); 1224h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1809-10], similar but fish with barbels, 11.13g/9h (Prid. 278 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.104; KM. 40.1) [3]. About very fine £40-£60 --- Third with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Rupees (4), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1225h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1810-11] (3), sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (with barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, revs. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.31g/12h, 11.30g/9h, 11.25g/4h (Prid. 279 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.105; KM. 40.1); 1226h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1811-12], similar, 11.28g/10h (Prid. 280 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.106; KM. 40.1 [date not listed]) [4]. Second fine, others about very fine, last rare £70-£90 --- Provenance: First SNC (London) November 1980 (9461), ticket. First and fourth with owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 12[–]h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1806-13], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (without barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 5.57g/4h (Prid. 281 [not in Sale]; cf. Stevens 7.113; KM. 37). Small edge defect on reverse, otherwise very fine and very rare [certified and graded NGC AU 53] £400-£500 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 33 (London), 6-7 May 2003, lot 1010. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1191h, frozen yr 17 [1777-8], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (with barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 17 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 17th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 2.94g/3h (Prid. 282 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.115; KM. 34.1 [date not listed]). About extremely fine, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 62] £200-£300 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 122[–]h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1810-13], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (with barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 2.69g/10h (Prid. 282 [Sale, lot 641]; Stevens 7.123; KM. 34.1). Minor deposit, otherwise very fine, rare £100-£150 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Eighth-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 12[—]h, yrs 17/48 [1805-6], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark L, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 48 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 48th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 1.40g/6h (Prid. 283 [Sale, lot 642]; Stevens 7.132, this coin cited; Stevens website image 1722, this coin; KM. 33 [date not listed]). Good very fine and toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £400-£500 --- Provenance: V.M. Brand Collection, Part IX, Sotheby Auction (London), 14 June 1985, lot 197 (part) ‘Stiller’ Collection, Baldwin Auction 47 (London), 25 September 2006, lot 844, envelope. Owner’s ticket