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FRANCIS DE SALES: (1567-1622) Saint of the Catholic Church. Bishop of Geneva. Known for his writings such as the Introduction to the Devout Life and the Treatise on the Love of God. St. Francis de Sales has been styled ''the Gentleman Saint'' because of his patience and gentleness. Pope Pius XI proclaimed him a patron of writers and journalists, because he made extensive use of broadsheets and books. Very rare Autograph Letter, one page, 4to, Annecy, 17th February 1616, to Madame de La Fléchere, in French. Francis of Sales sends a letter reporting on different matters, adding a cross to the heading and commencing with his correspondent´s personal family situation, stating in part `Ma tres chere fille, Hier au soir seulement je reçois votre lettre et je réponds ce matin, jour des Cendres. Il m´est avis que ces formalités de tuteur de vos enfants sont superflues, puisque tout est votre et qu´aussi bien votre époux Nouveau ne vous demandera point de dote. Néanmoins, vous savez quel homme je suis pour les affaires du monde, certes je n´y entends rien du tout! C´est pourquoi je vous conseille….´ ("My very dear daughter, only yesterday evening I received your letter and I answer this morning. It is my opinion that these formalities of tutoring your children are superfluous, since everything is yours and your new husband will not ask you for a dowry. Nevertheless, you know what a man I am for the affairs of the world, certainly I understand nothing at all! That is why I advise you to…" Francis de Sales further refers to Mr. Guidebois´ complaints, stating `En verité, il faut aider M. Guidebois afin qu´il ait sa pension tant que nous pourrons, car le pauvre homme serait miserable sans cela… je l´assisterai en ce que je pourrai, afin qu´il ne soit pas frustré de sa juste pretention. Et M. le Comte n´en saura rien, ou s´il le sait, il n´aura point d´occasion de vous en savoir mauvais gré´ ("The truth is that we must help as much as we can Mr. Guidebois so that he has his pension, because the poor man would be miserable without it... I will help him as much as I can, so that he is not frustrated with his pension and fair claim. And the Count won't know anything about it, or if he does, he won't have the opportunity to find out about you unwillingly" Francis de Sales further adds few more advices to Madame de la Fléchere regarding her new marriage and also explains that they have a brave new preacher and refers to Madame la Comtesse stating `Madame la Comtesse a laquelle j´ai envie de donner de la moderation en ses affections, selon le besoin que je vois par la démusérée ardeur qu´elle a en la solicitation de faire M. Nacot, vicaire...´ ("Madame the Countess to whom I want to give moderation in her affections, according to the need that I see by the unmistakable eagerness that she has in the solicitation to make M. Nacot, vicar…") With paper seal affixed to the verso and the addressee´s name. Very small overall minor age wear, otherwise VG Jean François Melchior Guidebois, born in 1586, is the son of a notary, of a noble family provenance. Guidebois was appointed prior at Notre-Dame de Vion but further resigned of his rights in favour of Claude-François de la Fléchere, husband of the correspondent of Francis de Sales.The Count Saint Francis refers to is Charles de la Forest, brother of Madame de la Fléchere.Madame la Comtesse is Philiberte de Beaufort, Countess of Tournon.

CINEMA: Selection of signed pieces, cards, album pages, small Ds.S. (2) etc., by various film actors and actresses including Charles Laughton, Elsa Lanchester (Betty Grable & Harry James to the verso), Peter Lawford, Robert Wagner, Michael Rennie, Cedric Hardwicke, John Carroll, John Carradine, Patricia Medina, Leon Ames, Susan Hayward, Gregory Peck, Fay Wray, Frankie Howerd, Matt Dillon, Eddie Murphy, Jeff Goldblum, Steve Martin, Tom Hulce, Michael J. Fox, Rob Lowe, Don Ameche, Martin Sheen, Dennis Hopper (2), May Robson, Adam West, Barry Nelson, Sacha Guitry, Yvonne Printemps, Sydney Tafler, Ralph Richardson, Percy Kilbride (rare), Sybil Thorndike etc. A few FR, generally G to VG, 47

CROWE RUSSELL: (1964- ) New Zealand-born Australian actor, Academy Award winner for Best Actor in 2000 for his role as Maximus Decimus Meridius in Gladiator. Signed and inscribed (?) 10 x 8 photograph of Crowe in a close-up portrait study as plainclothes detective Wendell 'Bud' White from the American neo-noir crime film L.A. Confidential (1997) which was nominated for a Best Picture Oscar. Signed by Crowe in black ink to a light area of the image with a rare full signature, albeit somewhat jumbled with the apparent inscription. EX

STEVENSON ROBERT LOUIS: (1850-1894) Scottish novelist of Treasure Island (1883), Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) and Kidnapped (1886). An extraordinary A.L.S., Robert Louis Stevenson, four pages, 8vo, n.p. (Edinburgh), n.d. (Autumn 1873), to his cousin Robert Alan Mowbray Stevenson ('My dear Bob'), on Stevenson's monogrammed stationery. The twenty-three year old Stevenson writes with a certain amount of humour in his letter, although signs of a personal crisis (both financial and mental) pervade through the content, in part, 'I have written to no one for about a month. I can't come to Paris just now, owing to my being so bloody uncoiny......I had to sponge on fellows for tobacco. Wasn't that death for a rising literary gent? I have not been able to write either; just such hell, in spirits, health &c. This drunken city exerts its strange prerogative; and I do something sacrifice to the God of the coloured bottles. However I am going to be good (I have not been very bad, you know, only I don't like the game at all); and in the meantime I've got enough coin scraped together to go to London for three days (where I shall see Katharine [Bob's sister]) and then land myself in the character of a mendicant at Cambridge where I shall be fed and clothed for a week at Trin[ity] Coll[ege]....As for Paris, I suppose it will be Spring before I can manage that; but then I shall come for some time and make a good holiday of it. I shall take this letter out with me and part with it when I have found out the date for Academy pictures......I say, old man, Edinburgh is a very sanguinary shop, and bloodier than ever, you should be glad you are out of it'. Beneath his signature Stevenson playfully observes 'Writing as large as this is such damned fun - I can't stop though I have nothing to say' and further adds a postscript, signed with his initials RLS, which fills the entire fourth page, in part, 'I am trying stories and all sorts of things, with no success. I am an incompetent bugger, I shall write soon, when I am in a holier, happier, better state of mind and body.......I am damned miserable now sometimes, and have a struggle to keep from liquor and opium and things of that sort. I wish to God you were here. I am going south tomorrow so the worst is over; the change will put me up again......' A rare letter of exceptional content. Some very light age wear and a few minor stains to the edges, otherwise VGRobert Alan Mowbray Stevenson (1847-1900) Scottish art critic, a cousin of Robert Louis Stevenson. After studying at the Edinburgh School of Art Stevenson moved to Paris in 1873 where he continued his studies under Carolus Duran. Katharine de Mattos (1851-1939) Scottish author and journalist, sister of Robert Alan Mowbray Stevenson and a cousin of Robert Louis Stevenson.Robert Louis Stevenson and his cousin Bob enjoyed a close friendship, leading Bohemian lifestyles in Edinburgh and becoming members of the LJR (Liberty, Justice, Reverenvce) Club whose constitution began with the statement 'Disregard everything our parents have taught us'. Stevenson would visit his cousin in Paris in April 1874.

MCLAGLEN VICTOR: (1886-1959) British actor, Academy Award winner for Best Actor in 1935 for his role as ‘Gypo’ Nolan in The Informer. An excellent vintage signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph of McLaglen, in costume from his Oscar winning performance as the disgraced Republican Nolan, standing in a three-quarter length pose alongside a Wanted Poster for his friend and IRA comrade Frankie McPhillip, in a scene from The Informer. Signed by McLaglen in dark fountain pen ink to a light area at the head of the image, ‘To Mary O’Shea, with my very best wishes from Victor McLaglen’. Rare in this form. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

MARCEAU FRANCOIS SEVERIN: (1769-1796) French General who served in the French Revolutionary Wars and was immortalised in Lord Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. An extremely rare manuscript D.S., F Marceau, one page, oblong 8vo, Headquarters at Fontaine-l'Eveque, 20th May 1794, in French. Marceau heads the document with the words Egalite, Liberte, Revolution and continues to provide an order, in full, 'Il est ordonne au garde-magasin de ramasser autant de fourrage qu'il se pourra pour le distribuer aux troupes de la Republique. Il voudra bien designer le lieu ou il aura etabli ce magasin et en faire part au general Bardy' (Translation: 'The storekeeper is ordered to collect as much fodder as possible to distribute it to the troops of the Republic. He will be kind enough to designate the place where he will have established this store and to inform General Bardy of it'). Autographs of Marceau are extremely rare in any form as a result of his untimely death at the age of 27 having received a mortal wound during the Battle of Limburg. Some light age wear and a few minor tears to the slightly uneven edges. About VG

[STORMING OF THE BASTILLE]: LOSNE DE SALBRAY ANTOINE-JEROME DE: (d.1789) French Major of the Bastille at the time of the storming of the armoury, fortress and political prison by revolutionary insurgents. Losne de Salbray was executed on the day of the storming of the Bastille, 14th July 1789, becoming one of the first victims of the French Revolution. A rare A.L.S., Delosne, one page, small 4to, Paris, 14th August 1779, to Monsieur Jaquelin, in French. Losne de Salbray forwards his baptism certificate and declaration of financial graces which he has received from the King and continues to remark 'C'est je crois tout ce qui est necessaire pour l'onbention du nouveau brevet sur lequel les anciens officiers doivent etre payes a present de leurs pensions. Je vous prie de me faire expedier et passer le mien le plus tot possible, attendu que ma position me laisse attendre avec peine les echeances. Ce sera une obligation de plus que je vous aurai' (Translation: 'This is, I believe, all that is necessary for the award of the new certificate on which former officers must now be paid their pensions. Please have mine sent and sent as soon as possible, as my position leaves me with difficulty waiting for the deadlines. This will be one more obligation that I will have for you'). Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

MUSSOLINI BENITO: (1883-1945) Italian Fascist Dictator of World War II. An excellent vintage signed sepia 9.5 x 7 photograph by both Benito Mussolini and his second wife Rachele Mussolini (1890-1979) as well as their son Bruno Mussolini (1918-1941), the image showing the three family members standing outdoors together in three-quarter length poses, Il Duce wearing his black shirt, fez and uniform of the Voluntary Militia for National Security (MVSN, also known as the Blackshirts and of which Mussolini was First Honorary Corporal), Bruno Mussolini standing slightly behind his father and wearing the uniform and sash of the Royal Italian Air Force, and Rachele Mussolini standing alongside her son, her arm affectionately interlinked with his. Signed ('Mussolini') by Benito Mussolini in bold black fountain pen ink to the upper border, signed by Bruno Mussolini with his name alone in black fountain pen ink to the lower border, and also signed to the lower border by Rachele Mussolini in blue fountain pen ink, adding the date, 5th February 1939, in her hand. Jointly signed family portraits of Mussolini are rare, and autographs of Bruno Mussolini in particular are rare as a result of his death in a flying accident at the young age of 23. VG

MUSIDORA: (1889-1957) Jeanne Roques. French silent film actress and director, remembered for her portrayals of Irma Vep in Louis Feuillade's crime serial Les Vampires (1915-16). An extremely rare vintage signed sepia 6.5 x 10 photograph of the actress standing in a full-length pose. Signed in fountain pen ink to the lower white border, with a few additional words in her hand, in French. Some traces of former mounting to the verso. About VG

CHRISTIE ETHEL: (1898-1952) English wife of murderer John Reginald Halliday Christie, herself one of his victims who was later discovered strangled under the floorboards of their house at 10 Rillington Place. An extremely rare A.L.S., 'with love, Ethel', three pages, 8vo, 10 Rillington Place, St. Marks Road, London, 28th May & 1st June 1951, to her sister, Lil Bartle. Christie states that she would like to hear from her sister in order to know how she is, and continues to write with her own news regarding court cases involving tenants at 10 Rillington Place, 'On Saturday I won the case against the man & he was fined......Mr & Mrs Swan where (sic) witnesses. The other case for Possession of rooms comes up on the 31st......The possession case was not heard yesterday as there were so many cases & it was adjourned', further stating that she has received a letter from an aunt 'saying you were a lot better' and adding 'I am so glad. I thought you would be better with this lovely weather. It may have been the cold which made you so bad'. A couple of small, dark stains only slightly affect a few words of text and not the signature, otherwise VGJohn Reginald Halliday Christie's victims included tenants of 10 Rillington Place, notably Beryl Evans and her baby daughter Geraldine. Beryl's husband, Timothy Evans, was famously wrongly convicted of the murders and sentenced to death in 1950. Christie himself was a major prosecution witness at the trial and it was not until his own crimes were discovered three years later that serious doubts were raised about the integrity of Evans' conviction. It would not be until 2004 that the High Court acknowledged that Evans did not murder either his wife or his child.

COLONNA MARCANTONIO: (1535-1584) Roman aristocrat who served as Viceroy of Siciliy in the service of the Spanish Crown and was also a General of the Spanish forces and Captain General of the Church. Colonna is best remembered for his part as the admiral of the Papal fleet in the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and has been described as 'one of the most illustrious land and sea captains of the 16th century'. A rare L.S., M[ar]cantonio Colonna, with holograph subscription, one page, 4to, Rome, 15th January 1572, to a prior at Sassoferrato, in Latin. Colonna writes just a few months after participating in victory at the Battle of Lepanto, at a time when he was charged with the reconstitution of the papal army, and requests his correspondent to provide his envoy with absolute confidence in choosing the infantry which are necessary for His Holiness's new army. With address panel and minor remnants of a red wax seal to the verso. The letter has at some stage suffered from damp staining, largely affecting the left half of the page (although the text remains reasonably legible) although only very slightly touching Colonna's signature. A few small holes and some small areas of paper loss and tears to the edges. FR

WLADYSLAW IV VASA: (1595-1648) King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania 1632-48 and the disputed Tsar of Russia 1610-13. A rare L.S., `Vladislaus Rex´, one page, folio, 21st May 1633, to the Archbishop of Larissa, Nuntio Apostolic to the Reign, in Latin. The letter states to the heading `..Vladislaus fourth by the grace of God, King of Poland, Great Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Masonia,… and Grand Duke of Moskovia´ The King sends his compliments and good wishes. Unstranslated. With address leaf bearing a large and very attractice Royal paper seal affixed. Letter professionally restored. G

GRIFFITH D.W.: (1875-1948) American film director, one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture. An excellent vintage signed sepia 11 x 14 photograph of Griffith standing in a half-length pose wearing a hat and with a pile of tea chests in the immediate background. Signed ('With very best wishes, D W Griffith') by the director in bold black fountain pen ink to a largely light area of the image. Rare. Some light age wear and a few minor corner creases to the white borders, VG

VADIM ROGER: (1928-2000) French film director whose works include And God Created Woman (1956) starring his first wife Brigitte Bardot. Signed 7 x 9.5 photograph of Vadim standing outdoors in a half-length profile pose, with a garland of white flowers around his neck, alongside his second wife, the Danish actress Annette Stroyberg, who also wears a garland of white flowers. Photograph by Agence Dalmas of Paris and bearing their credit stamp to the verso. Signed by Vadim in bold, dark fountain pen ink with his name alone to a clear area at the head of the image. Signed photographs of Vadim are surprisingly rare. About EX

EINSTEIN ALBERT: (1879-1955) German-born theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize winner for Physics, 1921. An impressive, large signed 17.5 x 23 silkscreen print by Einstein, the image being a well-executed line portrait of the scientist by the artist Joseph Scharl, 1946. Signed (‘A. Einstein’) by Einstein with his name alone to the lower left corner and also bearing the facsimile signature and date of Scharl. Matted in white and framed and glazed in a modern frame to an overall size of 26 x 36. A highly attractive signed image, effective in its confident and bold lines. Rare and desirable in this form. About EX Joseph Scharl (1896-1954) German-born American expressionist painter and graphic artist. Labelled a ‘degenerate’ artist by the Nazi Party, Scharl found it impossible to work in Germany and his immigration to the United States in 1939 was sponsored by Einstein. Scharl was not only supported financially by Albert Einstein, whom he had first met in Berlin in the 1920s, but also in the realisation of various exhibition projects. Scharl often visited Einstein, whom he painted several times, in Princeton and the two engaged in friendly correspondence from 1941 onwards. The years 1944-46, when the present portrait was created, marked the peak of Scharl’s fame in America. When Scharl passed away in 1954, a few months before his friend’s own death, Einstein gave the eulogy at the artist’s funeral.

VOLTA ALESSANDRO: (1745-1827) Italian physicist and chemist, a pioneer of electricty and power who is credited with inventing the electric battery and was also the discoverer of methane. An exceptional, lengthy A.L.S., Alessandro Volta, four pages, 4to, Como, 20th January 1775, to a revered colleague, perhaps Carlo Barletti, in Italian. Volta writes an excellent letter of scientific content having received a paper providing the conjectures and details of a discovery made by a professor from Reggio, and detailing his opinion of their work, 'I read with pleasure the paper containing the aforementioned conjectures, which, moreover, seemed to me to be no more than conjectures. To tell the truth, the author's idea of relating electrical phenomena to chemistry is beautiful, it is great and should lead to truth, but such a conception is singularly contrary to me, although I came close to it in my first dissertation "de viribus attractivis fluidi elettrici" which I hope to be able to send you, and in the second "Novus"..... in which I was quite ready to bring into play the mutual forces of the particles of the bodies, these forces not being different from the chemical affinities which, they too, are not mechanical forces..... But I must confess that I would not know how to proceed, not knowing if the author wants to establish three different substances: the volatile elemental fire, the fixed fire, and the electric fire which holds from one and the other, or if he reduces these differences to modifications of one and the same substance. I must make another observation on this subject.....the phenomena do not fit in with the hypothesis....for example the author seems to want to conclude that friction causes the electric fluid to pass from one of the two bodies in which it abounds, to one that possesses little of it.....this is openly contradicted by the facts. Before I had any experience of it I was inclined towards such a hypothesis, believing that glass receives fluid from the hand......because glass by nature lacks electric fluid, and that on the contrary sulphur and resins give fluid to the hand because they are saturated with it. I explained this opinion to Professor P. Maria, who did not agree with me. I myself have since abandoned it for the reasons he gave me and even more so because of my own experiments on silk.....glass does not always receive fluid when rubbed, nor from all bodies. If its surface is made rough, glass will give fluid to the hand or cloth that rubs it, and, even without making it rough, I have observed that it gave fluid if it was rubbed against the back of a living cat......a silk ribbon (I have experienced this several times) will give fluid to a piece of wood or metal that is very smooth, and it will then receive fluid from these same pieces if some rough part is rubbed against it. In short, it is proven that the rough or smooth surface of the same body, combined with other circumstances which do not ensure that this body is more or less full of electric fluid, changes the effects completely. Our burnt woods, in particular, sometimes give and sometimes receive the fluid..... If the author, by saying that friction causes the fluid to pass from a body that has too much of it to one that lacks it, meant a surplus or a lack that is not natural and inherent to the body, but results from the very act of friction; if he meant, I repeat, a surplus or a lack relative to the inequality, resulting from friction itself, in the mutual forces of the particles of the body being rubbed, by setting in motion especially the particles of the surface, by giving them new positions and making them present a new face; if he meant that one can give more or less vigour to the attractive forces of the particles that make up the surface. ...the author would not otherwise be contradicted by the facts exposed, he would even be approaching the explanation I gave in my dissertation. It would then be fairly easy to explain that friction animates the affinities, i.e. brings them into play, but it should be added that it animates them by alternating them, i.e. by strengthening or weakening them with respect to their primitive state.....' Autograph letters of Volta with such fine scientific content are extremely rare and highly desirable. A few very small, extremely minor holes caused by the iron gall ink, otherwise EXCarlo Barletti (1735-1800) Italian physicist, chair of experimental physics at the University of Pavia from 1772. Provenance: The present letter is understood to have been a part of the Fatio Collection, which was sold by Maison Charavay of Paris in January and June 1932, at which time it was acquired for the Gentili Collection, which was subsequently sold in Geneva in 1956.

BUÑUEL LUIS: (1900-1983) Spanish Filmmaker. A reference for many Film Directors and the leader in the avant-garde surrealism cinema. Rare signed book `Luis Buñuel´, to the half-title page, being the soft cover First Edition of Buñuel, edited by Pierre Seghers in 1962, 5 x 6 original trade cover, 224 pages, in French. The Ado kyrou work is an early critical study of the pioneering and influential Spanish Director, who made films in nearly every genre over his 50 year career. including experimental films, musicals, comedies, crime, documentary and westerns. The book contains illustrations with numerous photographs throughout. G to VGThe present signed book provenance is from the collection of noted cinephile French collector Pierre Goulliard.

MADAME ROLAND: (1754-1793) Born Marie-Jeanne Philipon, also known as Manon Roland de la Platiere. French Revolutionary salonniere and Writer. She was the first Girondin to be arrested during the reign of terror and guillotined. Very rare A.L., signed with a small flourish, two pages, 8vo, in French. Manon sends a letter full of spicy comments, stating in part `Si j´étais dans une disposition caustique, je vous dirais que je vous fais passert trois lettres: d´une bégueule, l´autre d´un pédant, la troisieme d´un cadet de famille. Mais a la campagne on est pacifique, on pardonne aux sots; et partout on plaint les malheureux cadets. Silence donné! J´y consens, et c´est prudent; car je pourrais en dire long sur cette niece qui exhorte a pousser sa tante et qui pourrait si bien le faire elle même. J´imagine que vous n´attendrez plus rien de toute cette…´ ("If I was in a caustic disposition, I would tell you that I pass you three letters: one from a prude, the other from a pedant, the third from a cadet. But in the countryside we are peaceful, we forgive fools; and everywhere people pity the unfortunate cadets. Silence given! I consent to it, and it is prudent; because I could say a lot about this niece who urges to push her aunt and who could so well do it herself. I imagine that you will expect nothing more from all this..") Madame Roland, known as "Madame", says before concluding `Adieu, le soleil m´a fait mal a la tête,…. et je pleure comme un enfant. J´ai encore le coeur et l´esprit tous neufs pour les romans´ ("Goodbye, the sun gave me a headache,…. and I cry like a child. I still have a brand new heart and mind for novels..") Overall age wear and small creasing, otherwise G

[BATTLE OF BRITAIN]: CZERWINSKI TADEUSZ: (1910-1942) Polish fighter pilot with the RAF during World War II who participated in the Battle of Britain. Portion of a manuscript D.S., Czerwinski, one page, oblong 8vo, n.p., n.d. The document originally formed part of a Combat Report, the manuscript text, in Polish, stating, in part, 'at 12 noon we attacked the front of the enemy's formation, having an altitude and speed advantage.....I fired 2 short series......I didn't see the impact of my attack, as I went immediately down to the left. Pulling the plane back up again, I saw a single Do 17 ahead......I attacked it from the rear, firing three rounds......the E/A's left engine caught on fire I went a bit left and saw the enemy's plane diving. Then our other three planes attacked the same target'. Autographs of Czerwinski are extremely rare in any form as a result of the pilot being killed in action on 22nd August 1942. VG

CLEMENT XII: (1652-1740) Pope of the Roman Catholic Church 1730-40. Clement XII started the construction of the Trevi Fountain. Rare L.S., `Al Piacere, L.[orenzo] Card.[inale] Corsini´, in his capacity as Cardinal of Santa Susanna 1706-20, one page, 4to, San Pancrazio, 14th May 1712, to Gaetano Galletti of Florence, in Italian. The future Pope states in part `…d'aver lasciati in mano del Signor Marchese, mio nipote, che in maggior somma anca riscosti per frutti a me spettanti di essitto…Non avendo potuto farlo, se non d´una parte, attesa la necessita di dover partire per Fucecchio…´ (Translation: “…having left it in the hands of the Marquis, my nephew, who also received a greater sum due to me…Not having been able to do so, except on one side, waits for the necessary leave for Fucecchio...”) With address leaf, bearing a good blind embossed seal. Overall creasing, otherwise G

FRANÇOIS I: (1494-1547) King of France 1515-1547. First King of France from the Angouleme branch. He succeeded his cousin and father-in-law Louis XII. A Patron of the arts who initiated the French Renaissance and attracted Italian artists to France, including Leonardo da Vinci, whose Mona Lisa was bought by King Francis. A rare L.S. 'Francoys', a clean signature, one page, 4to, Saint-Germain en Laye, 13th January 1529, in French. The letter refers to the Court trial against Louis Berquin and Antoine Papillon, Protestants, accused of heresy. The King insists, urging the judges to close the court case as soon as possible, stating in part `De par le Roy, A nos amiz et féaux...pour vacquer à toute diligence à l´expédition des procès de Berquin et Papillon... que cette affaire preine fin. Cy vous prions et néanmoins mandons et commandons tres expressement...que vous ayez a entendre incontinant à l´expédition et jugement des dits procès de sorte que les dits Berquin et Papillon n´ayent plus occasion soy retirer par devers nous pour avoir justice´ Countersigned at the base by Robertet `Robertet´. Addressed to the verso, also bearing a clerk contemporary annotation. Transcription included. Two very small areas of paper loss to the upper and bottom right corner, none of them affecting the text. Very small overall minor age wear, very slightly uneven left edge as a result of a former binding. G This letter evokes a dramatic episode during the reign of Francis I. The trial and execution of the Protestant Louis Berquin (1490-1529) who was burned with his books in a public square. Berquin, a scholar, had joined the Reform party. Having accused the theologians of the Sorbonne of heresy, he was imprisoned for the first time in 1526. The King ordered the sentence to be suspended and thus saved Berquin's life. But he would be arrested again a few years later, preaching reform with Antoine Papillon who translated Martin Luther and introduced his writings.

SIXTUS V: (1521-1590) Pope of the Roman Catholic Church 1585-90. Sixtus V is credited with crucial important changes and works during his short term Papacy, leading administration and financial reforms to restore the Papal States solvency, and also completing the Saint Peter´s dome and multiple huge urban reforms in Rome. Sixtus V excommunicated both Elizabeth I of England and Henry IV of France. Extremely rare L.S., `Come fr[at]ello amorevole - Il Card. De Montalto´, one page, 4to, Rome, 12th April 1572, to Prior of S. Michele in Fano, in Italian. Sixtus V reports on Raffaele Aquilini, stating `...veduto da me et la persona sua et la bella opera che ha fatta...´ (Translation: "...seen by me and this person and the beautiful work he has done..."), further explaining to his correspondent that it has not been possible yet to arrange an audience for Aquilini with Pope Pius V, saying `...per le molte occupationi che le sono occorse, nondimeno quanto conoscero che sia tempo da introdurlo... non mancaro conservarne memoria...´ (Translation: "...for the many occupations that occurred to him, nevertheless as I know that it is time to introduce him... I will not fail to keep memory of it...") Pius V died only three weeks after the present letter was written. With address leaf, bearing remnants of a former red wax seal. Small overall age wear and creasing with slightly uneven right edge and a very small hole not affecting the text or signature. G Raffaele Aquilini was the author of a controversial work against Hebrew whch was dedicated to Pope Pius Vº

SCHILDKRAUT JOSEPH: (1896-1964) Austrian actor, Academy Award winner for Best Supporting Actor in 1937 for his role as Captain Alfred Dreyfus in The Life of Emile Zola. A good, rare vintage signed and inscribed sepia 7.5 x 9 photograph of the actor standing in a three-quarter length pose as he raises a glass towards an oil painting of an older gentleman which hangs on the wall at his side. Signed by Schildkraut in bold black fountain pen ink to a light area of the image, 'To my friend Abe Loeb - with admiration for his artistry - best, Joseph Schildkraut', and dated March 1942 in his hand. Very slightly neatly trimmed, otherwise VG

HOPKINS ANTHONY: (1937- ) Welsh actor, Academy Award winner for Best Actor in 1991 for his role as Dr. Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs and again in 2020 for his role as Anthony in The Father. An excellent signed colour 10 x 8 photograph of Hopkins seated in a three-quarter length pose in costume from his Best Actor Oscar winning performance as the cannibalistic serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter in the psychological horror film The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Signed by Hopkins in black ink to the image with an unusual greeting incorporating his character name, 'All good wishes and happy New Year, Hannibal Lecter (- love from Anthony Hopkins)'. Rare in this form. EX

FLAUBERT GUSTAVE: (1821-1880) French novelist. A significant autograph manuscript, unsigned, three pages, folio, n.p., n.d. (c.1857), in French. Flaubert's extensive manuscript notes are entitled Un repas de noces - Lettre d'Hyppolochus a Lincée ('A wedding meal - Letter from Hyppolochus to Lincée') and were prepared by the novelist as research notes for chapter one ('The Feast') of his historical novel Salammbo. The text states, in part, (translated) 'Caranus making a nuptial feast in Macedonia invited twenty parasites there. As soon as they were seated at table each of them was given a bottle of silver. They had each received before entering the room a gold band estimated at five gold Ecus….. For us happy for the rest of our days, with what we took from the feast of Caranus, we seek goods, country houses, slaves to buy, with the presents with which he has showered us'. Rare in this form. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG Hippolochus was a Macedonian writer and student of Theophrastus, who addressed in a letter to his fellow student Lynceus of Samos a description of a wedding feast in Macedon in the early 3rd century BC. The bridegroom was a certain Caranus, most likely a relative of the Caranus who had been a companion of Alexander the Great. Flaubert's Salammbo is a historical novel which was published in 1862. Enormously popular in its day, the novel opens with a feast to celebrate the victory of the battle of Eryx, won against Rome, and was praised for its style and story. Provenance: It is believed that the present manuscript was originally included with a series of other research notes made by Flaubert, totaling some 26 pages, and entitled Letters of Alciphron. As well as including extracts relating to a wedding feast, the manuscript also featured observations relating to courtesans and the manners of the people of Greece (see Les Amis de Flaubert, bulletin 12, 1958).

TCHAIKOVSKY PIOTR ILLICH: (1840-1893) Russian Composer. Rare signed and inscribed 4 x 6.5 cabinet card photograph of Tchaikovsky. The sepia image, slightly raised, as issued, depicting the Russian composer in a half-length pose. Signed and inscribed to the lower white border of the card `To Praskovia Petrovna Chernova from her old friend P.Tchaikovsky´ in bold black ink. Bearing to lower white border a blind embossed seal and to the verso the printed logo of the photographer, with the printed text "The Imperial Theatres - Marinsky Theatre Building". Two small, neat indentations to the lower left and right edges, most likely the result of previous framing, not affecting the text or signature. Two stains to the image with some small surface scratches. Remnants of former affixing to the verso. About G

CARNEY ART: (1918-2003) American actor, Academy Award winner for Best Actor in 1974 for his role as Harry Coombes in Harry and Tonto. Signed 8 x 10 photograph of Carney seated in a half-length pose in costume from his Oscar winning performance as the elderly widower Harry Coombes from the road movie Harry and Tonto (1974). Signed by the actor in black fountain pen ink with his name alone to a light area of the image. Signed photographs of Carney in this role are rare. A couple of very light, extremely minor corner creases, VG

EDWARD VI: (1537-1553) King of England and Ireland 1547-53, the only surviving son of King Henry VIII, by his third wife Jane Seymour. A fine ink signature ('Edward') as King, to the head of the remaining portion of a vellum document, approximately 53 x 5 cm, with one partial line of Latin text, commencing with the King's name ('Edwardus Sextus') in an attractive secretarial hand. Autographs of King Edward VI are extremely rare in any form as a result of his very early death at the age of fifteen. Some light overall dust staining and minor creasing, G

PUTIN VLADIMIR: (1952- ) Russian politician who served as Prime Minister of Russia 1999-2000, 2008-12 and as President of Russia 2000-08 and again since 2012. A rare signed and inscribed colour 4 x 6 photograph of Putin seated in a head and shoulders pose. Signed by Putin in blue ink, in Cyrillic, to the verso (Translation: ‘Best of luck to Nastia, V. Putin’) and dated 8th July 2011 in his hand. Some very light, extremely minor scuffing to the verso, only very slightly touching the signature, otherwise VGProvenance: The present photograph was signed by Vladimir Putin during a class reunion of former students of the Leningrad State University on 8th July 2011. Included in the lot is a colour 6 x 4 photograph taken at the event and showing Putin signing the photograph for the recipient, Nastia, who can be seen seated to Putin’s right at their dining table. Nastia is the daughter of Yuri Grigorievich Matyushin, a fellow student of Putin’s at the Leningrad State University. The two graduated together from the Law Faculty of the university in 1975.

GERONIMO: (1829-1909) Bedonkohe Apache leader and medicine man, noted for his raids and related combat actions during the Apache Wars (1849-86). An excellent, bold pencil signature (‘GERONIMO’) to the verso of the personal printed oblong 12mo Visiting Card of Burns Durbin Caldwell and featuring his printed name to the centre of the recto. Accompanied by the original folio page to which the visiting card was originally loosely affixed. The page, removed from a contemporary album, features a vintage illustrated newspaper clipping laid down to the centre, the text stating, in part, ‘From Warpath to Poker Table – Old Geronimo, the famous fighting chief of the Apaches, is now a prisoner of the government at Port Sill…..it is said that the wily old chief has developed such skill at bluffing and “playing a hand” that he is rapidly getting rich…..Recently Geronimo deposited $1425 in a bank at El Reno as the result of a single week’s play’. Autographs of Geronimo are extremely rare and highly desirable. Some light age wear and two small traces of former mounting to the upper corners, not affecting the signature. About VG Burns D. Caldwell (1858-1922) American businessman, president of the Wells Fargo Express Company and chairman of the board of the American Railway Express Company. Geronimo attained celebrity status during his lifetime and he became a regular attraction at events and fairs including the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, New York in 1901, the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904 and Pawnee Bill’s Wild West Shows, where he appeared under Army guard. Geronimo dressed in traditional clothing on such occasions, posed for photographs, provided autographs and souvenirs, and sold his crafts. The present signature links two of the major household names of America’s Wild West – Geronimo and Wells Fargo, the latter being the company that handled express service to western states, and were often robbed. Provenance: From the autograph collection of Frank Dyche (d.1944) and his wife Grace Scripps Dyche (1863-1924). Frank Dyche, a prominent Chicago attorney, married Grace Scripps in 1896. Grace was the daughter of John Locke Scripps (1818-1866), editor of the Chicago Tribune, and his wife Mary E. Scripps (1825-1866). The Scripps have been described as ‘one of the oldest and most influential families of American journalism’ who ‘occupied a unique place in nineteenth-century America’.

MCDANIEL HATTIE: (1895-1952) American actress, Academy Award winner for Best Supporting Actress in 1939 for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind, thereby becoming the first African American to win an Oscar. A good vintage signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph of McDaniel seated in a full-length pose holding a bunch of roses in her lap and with various other large flower arrangements in the immediate background. Signed by McDaniel in bold blue fountain pen ink to the head of the image, 'Love & Success to "Annabel" from Hattie McDaniel' and dated 20th July 1940 in her hand. Rare. VG

LEIGH VIVIEN: (1913-1967) British actress, Academy Award winner. A charming A.L.S., Vivien & Larry, also signed on behalf of her husband Laurence Olivier, to the recto of the couple's personal printed oblong 12mo Visiting Card, featuring their printed names ('Sir Laurence & Lady Olivier') to the centre, lightly struck through in ink, n.p. (London), n.d., to Garson Kanin ('Darling'). Leigh writes, in full, 'Our loving wishes for your Birthday. Thank you for being here on it & for letting us be with you'. Accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by Leigh. A rare example with good association. VGGarson Kanin (1912-1999) American film and theatre director, playwright and screenwriter. Kanin's birthday was on 24th November.

KOMAROV VLADIMIR: (1927-1967) Soviet cosmonaut, commander of Voskhod 1 (1964) and pilot of Soyuz 1 (1967). A rare vintage signed colour 4 x 6 postcard photograph of Komarov in a head and shoulders pose wearing his uniform and various medals. Signed in black ink with his name alone to a light area of the image. The signature is a touch light in places, although legible. Signed photographs of Komarov are rare as a result of his tragic death at the age of 40 during the Soyuz 1 mission, thereby becoming the first human to die in a space flight. VG

CHARLES RAY: (1930-2004) American singer, songwriter and pianist. An extremely rare, bold black ink signature ('RAY CHARLES') on an oblong 8vo page removed from an autograph album, and with an inscription in another hand above (which could easily be excised if desired). With an unrelated signature and inscription to the verso alongside a neatly mounted newspaper portrait. VGProvenance: The present signature of Ray Charles originates from an album kept by an employee of the Hotel Imperial in Vienna, and dates from the time of Charles' appearance at the Vienna Jazz Festival held at the State Opera House, 2nd July 1999.

EISENHOWER DWIGHT D.: (1890-1969) American General of World War II, later American President 1953-61. A.L.S., Dwight D Eisenhower, one page, slim 4to (onion skin), Fraser, Colorado, 23rd July n.y. (1952), to Professor Edward Olsen. Eisenhower states that he is returning his correspondent's card (no longer present) and apologises for the appearance of his signature, explaining `In the fishing camp where I'm spending my few days of vacation the only pen I have is a bit on the balky side! Anyway, I'm flattered that you should consider an excerpt from a talk of mine to be worthy of preservation.' Together with a carbon copy of Olsen's letter to Eisenhower, one page, 4to, 20th July 1952, requesting a signed quotation from his 1948 address accepting the presidency of Columbia University, and also including a brief T.L.S. by Olsen, one page, 4to, Oregon, 10th July 1991, explaining the circumstances under which he wrote to Eisenhower. Rare in this form. VG. Eisenhower's letter is written shortly after securing the Republican Party nomination for the Presidential Campaign of 1952. Holograph letters of Eisenhower are rare and desirable. Larry Vrzalik and Michael Minor state in their book From the President's Pen (1991) 'Eisenhower is one of the rarest of all presidents in A.Ls.S. for all periods, particularly of presidential date.'

SIGISMUND BATHORY: (1573-1613) Also known as SIGISMOND PRINCE OF TRANSYLVANIA. As a child he succeeded his father as Voivode or ruler of Transylvania. Sigismond abdicated in favour of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, and although he returned to his pillaged territories in 1601 with a Polish army, he could not strengthen his position and settled in Poland. In 1605, Holy Roman Emperor and Spanish King Philip III tried to persuade him to return and claim Transylvania, but he refused. He would later be accused of conspiracy and imprisoned by Rudolf II. Rare L.S., `Affettionatissimo Servitore - Sigismondo´, a bold large and attractive signature with flourish, one page, folio, Kisvarda, city in the north of Hungary, 28th April 1598, to Italian Bishop Alphonso Visconti, in Italian. Sigismund annouces his return `...tutti arrivati sani e salvi..´ (Translation: "...All arrived, healthy and safely...´, and expresses his satisfaction to his correspondent referring to the good words expressed by Pope Clement VII about him, stating in part `...con li commandi benignissimi di sua Santitá spettavo, resta solo che mi raccomandi, per mezzo di V.[ostra] S.[ignoria] Ill.[ustrissi]ma alla Santitá di n[ost]ro signor. Pregando la V. S. Ill.ma et R[everendissi]ma con maggior affetto di cuore che posso...´ (Translation: "...with the most benign commands of His Holiness, it remains only for you to recommend me, through Your S.[ignoria] Ill.[ustrissi] to the Holiness of our Lord. Praying for Your S.[ignoria] Ill.[ustrissi] et R[everendissi]ma but with my heartfelt affection...") With address leaf to Monsignor Alphonso Visconti, bearing also a small red wax seal in good condition. The lower part, small part, of the address leaf is cleanly clipped to the fold. Small overall age wear, with slightly uneven right and bottom edges, otherwise G

BARLOW JOEL: (1754-1812) American poet, diplomat and politician who supported the French Revolution and was an ardent Jeffersonian republican. A rare series of manuscript notes, unsigned, in the hand of Barlow, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (c.1795-1800). The notes are headed Polysophic Society and are divided into four sections, the first labelled Literature and including 'philosophy, Government Legislation.....Law of nations. History. Georgraphy', the second labelled Physics, Geology, Medicine and featuring 'Mathematics, Astronomy.....Optics, Agriculture, Anatomy.......Mechanics, Zoology, Botany', the third labelled Arts & Trades, featuring 'Architecture.......drawing, Painting, Engraving, Engineering' and the final section named Normal School alongside which Barlow writes, 'In which will be taught languages & the elements of all the arts & sciences contemplated in the establishment of the P.S. This branch of the Institution is to be considered as an university, & is to be established on a more extensive & useful plan than has yet been realised in any part of the world. It is intended to be made the centre of instruction for the people of the United States'. With an autograph statement at the foot of the page signed by Samuel Olmstead of New York, a previous custodian of the manuscript notes, 'I certify that the above is the writing of Joel Barlow'. Together with an A.L.S., Samuel G. Olmstead, three pages, 4to, New York, n.d. (c.1855-60), to a gentleman, providing a testimony and biographical details for Joel Barlow, in part, 'Mr. Barlow was a remarkable man. He was considered as the best poet of his time.......Seven years before the adoption of our Federal Constitution he advoacted its formation & predicted that it will be adopted throughout the world, thus forming one great Brotherhood.......He described in most graphic language the Electrical Telegraph 36 years before Morse who invented it thought of it. He predicted the improvements in Arts & Science......with all the vividness & accuracy of the Historian. He was a Democrat in politics of the same school with Jefferson.......Such in short was Joel Barlow. One of the best men.......which this country has produced.' A few small ink blots and a small scorch hole to Barlow's manuscript, not significantly affecting the text, otherwise VG, 2By 1800 Barlow had come to view education as the most eligible way to protect America from the corruption and cynicism he saw subverting the Revolution in France and urged that a national institute similar to the one France had created with the Constitution of 1795 be established. Barlow’s proposed ‘Polysophic Society’ would serve four functions: expanding scientific knowledge, exploring the resources of the United States, teaching people how to communicate this knowledge to others, and furnishing schools with trained teachers by paying part of their salaries.

JOHN III SOBIESKI: (1629-1696) King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1674-96. A popular King among his subjects and a respected military leader whose 22-year reign marked a period of stabilization. Very rare L.S., `Jan Krol´, signed by the King of Poland only two months before passing away, in Polish, one page, oblong 14 x 8, Warsaw, Roku Panskiego, 26th April 1696, to Caroli Stanislas Radzi, Duke of Otyka Nieswicz, in Polish. The letter states to the heading, “John Sobieski, King of Poland of the Russian Lithuania, of the Masovian Voivodeship, of Smolensk,…”. The untranslated document bears a very attractive and large blind embossed seal at the base. Countersigned at the base. Folded. Overall age wear, with small creasing and staining, otherwise F to G

ALCOCK JOHN: (1892-1919) English pilot, a Captain with the Royal Naval Air Service and Royal Air Force who, with navigator Arthur Whitten Brown, completed the first successful non-stop transatlantic flight, June 1919. An extremely rare A.L.S., Jack (and also 'signed' Capt. J. Alcock in the address panel at the head), two pages (written to the first and third sides of the feint ruled bifolium), Kedos, Ouchak, Turkey, 11th September n.y. (1918), to Captain S. H. Gaskell ('Dear Old Buster'). Alcock writes from the Turkish Prisoner of War camp where he was being held and acknoweldges receipt of his friend's letter ('after all these long months of waiting'), further stating 'Well old bean I was delighted to hear of the successes of my machine, as regards its unfortunate end, I was very relieved to hear that it was no fault of the machine but of some "B" "F" who I should like to meet. Starbuck seems to have been nuts on her, I wish he had been able to have done a little work with it. Hick & Piper arrived here last May & told me of her first trials which bucked me up a lot. Do you happen to know what the Admiralty are doing about her? Well old dear you might let me have news of the R.A.F. re rank, pay & uniform etc. Do you happen to know if I was promoted to Flt. Com. about March or later? as I had a letter from old Ashford (e) dated March 1st congratulating me on my promotion & honour. Before I forget, let me congratulate you on your escape from being my shipmate on the last stunt, also on your Greek honour (what do you call it). I was very surprised at the few they dished out'. Alcock concludes his letter in reasonably high-spirits given his situation, although also demonstrates a hint of the loneliness he must have been experiencing, 'Your sister Violet kindly wrote me a long letter which I received a few days ago. I hope she carries on with the good work for we simply live for the mail. Well old boy, look after yourself & give seaplanes a trial, you will be better off. Love from the "Boys" to all the "Boys" & tell them to write. Send lots of snaps!'. With address panel in Alcock's hand to the final page. Autograph letters of Alcock are extremely rare owing to his tragically early death at the age of 27 following an air crash. Some very light, minimal age wear, about VGOn 30th September 1917 Alcock was piloting a Handley Page bomber on a raid against the Turkish capital Constantinople, when one engine failed. The aircraft managed to limp on for more than 100 kilometres before the other engine quit and it had to be ditched in the sea near Suvla Bay. Alcock and his two crew members swam for about an hour to reach the Ottoman army-held shore, only to be promptly captured. This ended Alcock’s participation in World War I and he spent the next fourteen months as a prisoner of war in Turkey. He was finally released on the Armistice of 11th November 1918, exactly two months to the day after the present letter was written.Alcock was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross 'For the great skill, judgment and dash displayed by him off Moudros.....in a successful attack on three enemy seaplanes, two of which were brought down in the sea', which had occurred earlier on the same fateful day of 30th September 1917.

HEMINGWAY MARGAUX: (1954-1996) American actress and supermodel. A rare signed 8 x 10 photograph of the actress in a close-up portrait pose as Christine 'Chris' McCormick from the American rape and revenge thriller film Lipstick (1976) which represented Hemingway's film debut. Signed by Hemingway in purple ink with her name alone to the base of the image. Autographs of the actress are rare as a result of her tragic suicide at the age of 42. About EX

ROMANOV GRAND DUCHESS TATIANA NIKOLAEVNA : (1897-1918) Russian Grand Duchess, the second daughter of Tsar Nicholas II. An extremely rare A.L.S., with her initial T, one page, small 8vo (folding notelet stationery with a slightly adhesive perforated border), Tobolsk, 11th January 1918, to Countess Zenaide Sergeevna Tolstoy, in Cyrillic. The Grand Duchess asks her friend to forward some letters (no longer present) to a mutual friend, Rita, adding 'I am glad that she has been with you for so long', and further explaining that she will write again later before concluding by sending a warm embrace and kisses. Autographs of Grand Duchess Tatiana are extremely rare in any form as a result of her murder at the hands of Communist revolutionaries in July 1918 at the young age of 21. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

DUVALL ROBERT: (1931- ) American actor, Academy Award winner. An excellent signed 8 x 10 photograph of Duvall in a head and shoulders pose in costume as Tom Hagen from the classic American crime film The Godfather (1972). Signed by Duvall in bold blue ink to the image. Duvall received a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination for his performance in this film. An ink annotation to the verso indicates that the signature was obtained in person by a collector on the 2nd November 1992 at the JFK-British Airways airport terminal in New York before the check-in for a Concorde flight to London. Rare in this form. EX.

BEATON DAVID: (c.1494-1546) Scottish Cardinal who served as Archbishop of St. Andrews 1539-46. Beaton was the last Scottish Cardinal prior to the Reformation. An extremely rare L.S., d[avid] Card[ina]lis S[anc]ti Andree, one page, folio, Paris, 17th July 1542, to Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, in Latin. Beaton writes to Farnese in relation to Alfonso Salmeron and Paschase Broet, the Apostolic nuncios to Ireland and the disturbances they have witnessed there, commenting that there is 'still so much cruelty from the English and the barbarian people themselves, and fierceness, from whom I have saved [them] and they have escaped unscathed. [It is] astounding all that I have been able to see' and adding that he will continue to write with reports to Farnese. With integral address leaf. Some very light, minor water staining to the right edge, only very slightly affecting a few words of text, which remain perfectly legible. About VG Alessandro Farnese (1520-1589) Italian Cardinal and Diplomat. Grandson of Pope Paul III and appointed as his principal secretary in 1538, managing most of the papal business until 1549. Alfonso Salmeron (1515-1585) Spanish Biblical Scholar, a Catholic Priest, and one of the first Jesuits. Paschase Broet (1500?-1562) French Catholic Priest, one of the first Jesuits. In late 1538 King Henry VIII of England was excommunicated by Pope Paul III and the constitutional position of the lordship of Ireland remained uncertain. In the autumn of 1541 Pope Paul III sent Salmeron and Broet as Apostolic nuncios to Ireland. Before leaving they met with Cardinal Beaton at Lyon who discouraged them from going to Ireland with stories of the dire state of the Church there. After leaving France they reached Edinburgh on 3rd December 1541. Although warmly received by King James V, he, and everyone else they met agreed with Beaton and also discouraged them from going to Ireland. Nevertheless, Salmeron and Broet made the short crossing on 23rd February 1542. The title of King of Ireland had been re-created in 1542 by King Henry VIII and the English began establishing control over the island. The situation in Ireland proved to be worse than previously thought and Broet wrote 'in a short while we found matters just as we had been told, if not worse'. Bishops who remained faithful were turned out of their dioceses and went on the run. Monasteries and friaries were all in ruins. Pope Paul III's original instructions had stated that if their lives were in danger then they were return and therefore in the summer of 1542 they travelled back to Scotland where the people there were surprised to see them return alive.

DUVIVIER JULIEN: (1896-1967) French film director. A.L.S., Julien Duvivier, two pages, 4to, n.p., n.d. ('Lundi 6', c.1938/39), to a friend, in French. Duvivier states that he hasn't received any news from his friend and continues, in part, 'Je suis en bagarre feroce avec Lauran au sujet de La fin du jour. Il veut le sortir au Colisee. Moi je ne veux pas. Devant les menaces, ils sont hesitants. Mais ils ont des contrats signes. Si le film sort dans cette salle je ne leur ferai pas le prochain prevu dans mon contrat......En ce qui concerne le film lui-meme, j'ai fait encore des petites coupures. On enregistre la musique le 10.....La copie definitive ne sera guere prete avant la premiere semaine de Mars. "La Grande Valse" sort dans ce meme debut de Mars au Marignan.....Ce que je vais tourne n'est pas encore decide.....Les bons scenarii sont rarissimes' (Translation: 'I'm in a fierce fight with Lauran over The End of the Day. He wants to take it out at the Coliseum. Me, I do not want. Faced with threats, they are hesitant. But they have signed contracts. If the film is released in this theater I will not make the next one provided for in my contract......As for the film itself, I still made small cuts. We recorded the music on the 10th.....The final copy will hardly be ready before the first week of March. “La Grande Valse” comes out at the beginning of March at the Marignan.....What I am going to shoot is not yet decided.....Good scenarios are extremely rare') and in a postscript mentions having telephoned Jean Gabin and that they had dinner together. Some creasing and with an area of paper loss to the lower left corner, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise about VGDuvivier refers to his drama film La Fin du jour (1939) and his biographical film The Great Waltz (1938) which was very loosely based on the life of Johann Strauss II.

GAUGUIN PAUL: (1848-1903) French Post-Impressionist painter. A rare and very interesting lengthy Autograph Manuscript draft article by Gauguin, four pages, folio, n.p., n.d. [late 1889], in French. The draft article is untiltled, although would later be published as "Huysmans et Redon". Gauguin responds in this article to Huysmans's writing on visual arts, stating in part `Huysmans est un artiste, son mouvement d´impulsion se traduit dans une expulsion en littérature. Beaucoup de peintres voudraient être musiciens ou litérateurs. Lui voudrait être peintre. Il l´aime la peinture. A différentes époques des critiques ont paru de lui.... Depuis il s´est fait un grand changement en lui car il a soif d´art et ne craint pas de marcher sur ses erreurs. Nous l´en félicitons´ (Translation"Huysmans is an artist, his impulse movement translates into an expulsion in literature. Many painters would like to be musicians or men of letters. Huysmans would like to be a painter. He loves painting. At different times critics have appeared about him... Since then a big change has taken place in himself because he is thirsty of art and do not fear to walk on his own errors. we do congratulate him for this") Further Gauguin criticises the terms on which Huysmans has written about Odilon Redon and disputing Huysmans's understanding of other artists ancient and modern including Francesco Bianchi, and referring to Rembrandt and Rapahel, states in part `Je ne vois pas en quoi Odilon Redon fait des monstres - Ce sont des êtres imaginaires. C´est un rêveur, un imaginatif.... Voyez l´oeuvre de Rembrandt de Raphael et quelle relation intime entre tous ses modèles femmes et hommes et son portrait...´ (Translation: "I don't see how you can say that Odilon Redon makes monsters - They are imaginary beings. He is a dreamer, an imaginative.... See the work of Rembrandt, Raphael, and what an intimate relationship between all his female and male models and his portrait..."). Further again, Gauguin refers extensively to Gustave Moreau `...Son mouvement d´impulsion est bienloin du coeur, aussi il aime la richesse des biens matériels...´ (Translation "...His impulsive movement is very far from his heart and he loves the richness of material wealth..." and refers also to Puvis de Chavanne with some unconnected notes at the end `Coco de mer - Coco a deux parties qui s´entrouvent comme le sexe femelle d´où sort un énorme fallus qui va se piquer en terre pour germer. Les habitants l´ont considéré lontemps comme le fruit défendu de l´arbre de la science du mal et du bien´ (Translation "...Coconut in two parts which open like the female genitalia, from which emerges an enormous phallus which embeds itself in the earth to germinate. The inhabitants have long considered it as the forbidden fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil") An extremely interesting thoughts by Gauguin, saying in differents parts of his manuscript `...Je veux dire par là que le peintre ne opeut illustrer un livre et vice versa. Il peut décorer son livre oui, y ajouter d´autres sensations qui s´y rattachent... De la laideur - Question brûlante et qui est la pierre de touche de notre art moderne et de la critique.... D´un volcan vous en refroidissez la lave et d´un sang bouillonant vous en faites une pierre. Fût-elle un rubis ...mais on veut des rubis et on les vend aux trafiquants de diamants! En somme Gustave Moreau est un beau ciseleur. En revanche Puvis de Chavannes ne vous sourit pas... La simplicité la noblesse ne sont plus d´époque. Que voulez-vous éminent critique d´art, ces gens là seront un jour de leur époque....´ (Translation: "By this I mean that the painter cannot illustrate a book and vice versa. He can decorate his book yes, add other sensations attached to it... Of ugliness - A burning question and which is the touchstone of our modern art and criticism.... Of a volcano you cool the lava and from boiling blood you make a stone. Was it a ruby...but we want rubies and we sell them to diamond traffickers! In short, Gustave Moreau is a great engraver. On the other hand, Puvis de Chavannes does not smile at you... Simplicity and nobility are no longer of the times. What do you want, eminent art critic, these people will one day be of their time...") A letter of excellent contant and association. Extremely small tears to the bottom edge of the second page, otherwise G to VGIn the present letter, Gauguin criticises the art criticism of the "decadent" critic Karl-Joris Huysmans. These typically combative notes, attacking the taste of the great literary champion of the Impressionists, were written when Gauguin was back in Paris after his fraught sojourn with Van Gogh in Arles, and was beginning to turn his mind to Tahiti. At the heart of his argument is the figure of Odilon Redon, who was in fact a friend of both men. Huysmans had written some of the first positive reviews of Redon's art, which had played a vital role in establishing him in the art world. Both Redon and Gauguin had exhibited in the 8th Impressionist exhibition of 1886, and by the late 1880s Redon was one of the few artistic contemporaries of whom Gauguin spoke with unambiguous respect. Gauguin is responding to a chapter of Huysmans's "Certains" on Redon entitled "Le Monstre" (1889). To Huysmans, Redon was an artist of fantasy, creating distorted monsters to express modernity - a visual equivalent of contemporary decadent and symbolist literature. Gauguin refutes this, claiming that Redon's imagination is an expression of nature. This article was dated by Guérin, who notes that it was first published in Les Nouvelles littéraires, 7th May 1953. Interestingly, the manuscript shows significant differences from the published text, with a number of important sentences silently omitted or re-ordered. Karl-Joris Huysmans (1848-1907) French Novelist and art Critic. A founding member of the Academy Goncourt and an early advocate of Impressionism.Odilon Redon (1840-1916) French Painter. Best known for his Dreamlike works inspired by Japanese art.Gustave Moreau (1826-1898) French artist, an important figure in the Symbolist movement.Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (1824-1898) French painter.

[NAZI OCCULT]: WILIGUT CARL MARIA: (1866-1946) Austrian occultist and SS-Brigadefuhrer, a leading figure in the Irminism movement who was personally recruited to the SS by Heinrich Himmler. An extremely rare T.L.S., K. M. Weisthor (the alias with which he was inducted into the SS), one page, 4to, Berlin, 7th February 1938, to Heinrich Himmler, in German. Wiligut writes concerning Die Mar vom Raidenstein ('The Tidings from the Raidenstein') by Gunther Kirchhoff, stating that Kirchhoff had sent him a latter and a copy of the book, in two volumes, remarking 'Since the book appeared to me to be exceptionally informative, I went through it in detail. In so far as I can make a judgement on the basis of the written evidence, the views which Kirchhoff advances are good' and further adding 'To my knowledge, Kirchhoff has relationships with several 'initiates'. He has maintained these contacts for some years. I can give my final judgement on this work only when I have undertaken on the spot a thorough examination of his treatment of the Raidenstein. If this study confirms the correctness of Kirchhoff's treatment, I will then send you my considered view'. Initialled ('HH') by Himmler in green indelible pencil to the head of the page alongside his name, and with an official stamp and pencil annotations to the lower left corner. A letter of interesting content and excellent association. Two file holes to the upper and lower edges, not affecting the text or signatures, VGHeinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Nazi German politician, Reichsfuhrer of the Schutzstaffel (SS) 1929-45.Gunther Kirchhoff (1892-1975) German esotericist, crypto-historian and List Society member who interpreted legends as reflections of actual prehistorical incident. 'In August 1934 Weisthor brought Gunther Kirchhoff, a fellow enthusiast for Germanic prehistory with whom he had corresponded since the spring, to the attention of Himmler.....Greatly impressed by his letters, Weisthor sent the Kirchhoff correspondence to Himmler, with the excited comment that "there were still thank goodness other "initiates" besides himself who read the times correctly". He also.....followed up by sending another Kirchhoff essay.....with the vigorous recommendation that "its content was of momentous importance both with respect to our own prehistoric past and for its links with the present"......The essay described the organisation of prehistoric Germany with explicit reference to List's Armanenschaft. Kirchhoff claimed that ancient Europe had been ruled by the Great Three, namely the Uiskunig of Goslar, King Arthur of Stonehenge, and Ermanrich of Vineta or Vilna......Kirchhoff ultimately exhausted the patience of the Ahnenerbe [a Nazi German pseudoscientific think tank established by Himmler in 1935 as an SS appendage] which Himmler had ordered to study his essays......Having by now had enough of Kirchhoff's endless submissions, the Ahnenerbe took a hard line, describing him as a "fantasist of the worst kind" and his work as "rubbish" in their reports. Nevetheless, Himmler still wanted to know why Kirchhoff was being neglected by the Ahnenerbe and took a great interest in his description of a hexagonal religious complex in the countryside around the Raidenstein near Gaggenau.......Himmler insisted that the recalcitrant Ahnenerbe pursue the matter with Kirchhoff but the proposed archaeological dig was postponed indefinitely at the outbreak of the war. The real importance of this dispute is its demonstration of Himmler's essential support for a lay occultist in the face of academic opposition from his staff in the Ahnenerbe. The fact that Wesithor and Kirchhoff continued to win the attention and favour of the Reichsfuhrer-SS over their heads must have rankled badly with the members of the institute' (extracted from The Occult Roots of Nazism - Secret Aryan Cults and their Influence on Nazi Ideology by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke).Autographs of Wiligut are of the utmost rarity and we are unaware of any other example having previously appeared at auction.

DE GAULLE CHARLES: (1890-1970) French General and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. President of the French Republic 1959-69. A rare printed 8vo copy of a war date speech delivered by General de Gaulle at a reception given at Grosvenor House in London on 4th May 1943 by the Comite National Francais, comprising eight pages of French printed text, signed ('C. de Gaulle') by de Gaulle in dark fountain pen ink with his name alone at the conclusion. The speech, delivered in the aftermath of Operation Torch, states, in part, 'Si nous avons tenu a feter aujourd'hui nos camarades plus recemment arrives de France c'est d'abord parce que c'est leur tour de recevoir l'hommage du a leur courage et a leur resolution. Mais c'est aussi parce que, en leur personne, nous saluons les plus recents temoins de l'union inebranlable, une fois pour toutes etablie, entre les Francais Combattants et la masse des Francais captifs........la masse immense des Francais , dans sa misese et dans son combat, est moralement rassemblee autour de la France Combattante, nous nous sentons animes d'une merveilleuse confiance et plus resolus que jamais a poursuivre notre chemin, quoiqu'il en coute et quoiqu'il arrive........Eh bien, nous nous sentons tres forts et tres surs de nous, malgre toutes les difficultes du monde, parce que les braves gens que voila nous apportent l'encouragement et les ordres de la France.......dans cette guerre mondiale, comme dans toutes les tragedies humaines, les evenements ne sont jamais simples, Une sorte de diabolique genie reussit perpetuellement a les rendre decevants et compliques. En effet, ce drame effrayant et passionne met en oeuvre des hommes, des hommes avec leur courage et leur grandeur, mais aussi avec lesurs faiblesses et leurs mediocrites. C'est-a-dire que la politique at la strategie de la guerre ne sont qu'une perpetuelle concurrence entre le bons sens et l'erreur......C'est pourquoi je me sens aujourd'hui oblige d'evoquer clairement devant vous la grande affaire de l'unite de l'Empire Francais, qui est actuellement au centre de la politique et de la morale de cette guerre. J'en parlerai ici d'autant plus franchement que cette affaire interesse d'abord essentiellement les Francais et que notre peuple a le droit de connaitre comment agissent en la matiere ceux qui sont responsables devant lui......On sait que la France Combattante, qui n'a pas cesse un seul jour d'etre fidele a l'effort, a l'honneur et aux alliances, qui a remis dans la guerre une grande partie de l'Empire, qui prodigue sur tous les champs de bataille le courage de ses soldats, de ses marins, de ses aviateurs, qui sert d'inspiratrice et de guide a la resistance nationale, qui entretient des relations suivies avec toutes les Nations Unies et qui meme, j'ose le dire, contribue a animer l'esprit de guerre dans tout le camp de la liberte, fut officiellement ecartee de l'enterprise des Allies en Afrique du Nord Francaise.....La France Combattante etait neamnoins presente pour prodiguer aux Allies, lors de leur debarquement, le concours direct de ses amis, pour hanter l'esprit et eveiller la conscience de ces troupes francaises a qui une politique asservie a l'ennemi ordonnait de lutter coute que coute contre les Anglo-Saxons, en attendant que les Allemands aient eu le temps d'accourir, enfin pour fournir, au Fezzan, en Libye du Nord, en Tunisie et sur les mers, un concours appreciable et. je crois, assez glorieux a la bataille d'Afrique contre l'Axe........Une tentative fut faite d'imposer d'abord une autorite francaise qui demeurat a la fois hors de Vichy et hors de la France Combattante. Cette tentative ne put reussir. Nous pouvons dire que nous nous y etions attendus. Il nous a toujours paru que, dans le drame d'aujourd'hui, les grandes actions ne peuvent aboutir qu'appuyees sur une grande mystique. Or il n'y a actuellement que deux mystiques parmi les Francais: la Croix de Lorraine pour presque tous, le vieux Marechal pour quelques uns......En meme temps une dure bataille s'etait engagee en Tunisie, ou l'ennemi avait delbarque et ou de braves troupes francaises, secouant a la vue de l'Allemand la torpeur ou Vichy les avait longtemps maintenues, s'engageaient spontanement, presque sans armes, pour couvrir le deploiement des puissantes forces americaines et britanniques. Je rends ici un ardent hommage a ces vailants soldats, ainsi qu'a leurs chefs, les generaux Juin. Koetz, Barre, qui surent, dans une situation moralement et materiellement aussi confuse que possible, n'ecouter que leur devoir et prendre leurs responsabilites. Une nouvelle solution fut enfin adoptee pour le poste de Haute-Commissaire, puis de Commandant en Chef civil et militaire, en vertu d'une election par quatre hauts fonctionnaires demeures cependant fideles a Petain........Car c'est un fait, d'ailleurs infiniment emouvant et reconfortant, qu'en Afrique du Nord apparait maintenant au jour la volonte nationale. En depit d'une oppression acharnee de deux ans et demi, du flot epais de mensonges et chimeres qu'avait repandu Vichy et d'une obstruction continue de la part de certaines autorites, notre Algerie, notre Maroc, notre Tunisie, notre Afrique Occidentale, s'eveillent peu a peu l'appel de la Nation........Tout est pret pour que l'unite de l'Empire soit demain un fait accompli. Il reste a la consacrer, a la rendre feconde.......Car c'est bien de la France qu'il s'agit. Son Empire n'apartient a personne, sinon a elle-meme. Parceque cette Nation fut trahie et parcequ'elle est crucifiee, serait-ce une raison pour disposer de ses territoires, de ses soldats, par des arrangements opportunistes ou des combinaisons de commodite, alors qu'elle est soulevee par la vague des ardeurs sacrees et des fureurs vengeresses? Non!.......Il ne saurait y avoir discordance entre le combat mene en dehors du sol national et celui que livrent ses fils sur les champs secrets et multiples de la resistance interieure........Nous sommes prets a nous rendre a Alger immediatement et sans delai, pourvu que nous en soit laissee la possibilite physique. Nous ne voyons pas de raisons pour que cela soit differe davantage. Nous en voyons au contraire pour que soit hate un aboutissement qui doit porter au maximum l'effort de guerre francais, faciliter celui des Allies et exalter la confiance du monde dans les principes pour lesquels tant d'hommes souffrent et meurent aujourd'hui. C'est ainsi que prendra son sens profond et son efficience la grandiose entreprise interalliee d'Afrique du Nord, que le President Roosevelt et Monsieur Winston Churchill ont, avec tant d'audace et de methode, decidee et mise en oeuvre. C'est ainsi que les alliances et les amities de la Nation Francaise trouveront un nouvel et decisif aliment. C'est ainsi que la France pourra redresser davantage ses armes et ses esperances, en attendant le jour ou, sa liberation accomplie, et la victoire remportee, elle sortira, une fois de plus, de ses douleurs et de ses ruines, pour rependre son oeuvre et son rang dans l'equipe des grandes nations' (Translation: 'If we are keen to celebrate our comrades who have recently arrived from France today, it is first and foremost because it is their turn to receive the tribute due to their courage and resolve. But it is also because, in their person, we salute the most recent witnesses of the unbreakable union, once and for all established, between the French Combatants and the mass of captive Frenchmen........'OWING TO LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CAN NOT BE DISPLAYED.Please contact IAA Europe directly for further information. 

UMEKI MIYOSHI: (1929-2007) Japanese-American actress, Academy Award winner for Best Supporting Actress in 1957 for her role as Katsumi Kelly in Sayonara. An extremely rare signed and inscribed 4 x 5 photograph of Umeki in a head and shoulders pose. Signed in blue ink to a largely light area at the base of the image. A charming signed photograph of one of the most sought after of all Oscar winners. One very light, extremely minor paperclip indentation to the upper edge and a very minimal crease to the lower left corner of the white border. About EX

KARZAI HAMID: (1957- ) President of Afghanistan 2001-14. Signed colour 9 x 7 photograph, the official German press information photograph depicting Karzai in a half-length profile pose warmly shaking the hand of the German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder during the International Afghanistan Conference held in Berlin from 31st March to 1st April 2004. Signed by Karzai in bold blue ink with his name alone to the image. Rare. VG

NAPOLEON I: (1769-1821) Emperor of France 1804-14, 1815. An exceediling rare early autograph manuscript by Napoleon Bonaparte, one page, folio, n.p. [Nice], n.d. [February-March 1794], in French. Napoleon, recently appointed General of Brigade, plans a military expedition to Corsica, trying to organize the military defence of his native island in order to face the threat of the English navy forces under Horatio Nelson. In an unusually lengthy text in Napoleon´s hand, eleven lines, Napoleon in his usual unclean writing, including few corrections and words crossed, states `Les représ[entants] arrêtent que le général d´artillerie faira préparer un équipage de campagne pour 10000 hommes pour passer en Corse avec les bouches à feu nécessaires pour mettre Saint Florent à l´abri de toute entreprise de la part de l´escadre anglaise. Met pour cet effet cinquante mille francs (a sa disposition) que le payeur de la guerre (mettera) tiendra à sa disposition´ (Translation: "The representatives have decided that the artillery General will prepare a military crew for the transport of 10,000 men to pass into Corsica with the necessary cannons to protect Saint Florent from any attempt military from the part of the English squadron . Allowing for this purpose fifty thousand francs (at his disposal) which the payer of the war deprtment (will put) at his disposal") An excellent historical document related to Napoleon and Corsica which would end up short time later with the occupation of Corsica by the English forces. With blank integral leaf. Right edge very slightly trimmed, not affecting the text. GIn March 1794, the young Bonaparte, just appointed General of brigade, settled in Nice, where the staff commanding the artillery of the Army of Italy was established. He stays with Count Laurenti, route de Villefranche. It was there that he prepared a planned expedition to Corsica at the beginning of 1794. His native island is in the hands of Paoli and has gained independence from the French Republic, but the English fleet in the Mediterranean threatens to take control of it and offers protection to the independent insurgents. We know from a letter dated 24th March 1794 that Saliceti, the representative of the people had instructed General Buonaparte to go to Nice in order to prepare this mission. This expedition did not take place and the English forces led by Horatio Nelson occupied Corsica a few weeks later. This was the birth of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom. The attempt to take back Bastia led by Bonaparte before his arrest failed and it was not until 1796 that the triumphant General Bonaparte returned victorious to his native land.

NAPOLEON I: (1769-1821) Emperor of France 1804-14, 1815. An extremely rare Autograph Letter by Napoleon, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d. [c. 26th December 1809], `Mardy à Midi´ (“Tuesday Noon”), to Pauline Borghese, in French. Napoleon writes obliquely, and states `je vous envoye une lettre. Je vais au Conseil. Si vous venez diner avec moi vous serez charmante. Mais vous êtes malade. J´irai ce soir à 8h chez Md.´ (“I am sending you a letter. I'm going to the Council. If you come to dinner with me you will be charming. But you are sick. I will go to Md’s this evening at 8am”) Napoléon says that he will go to Md´s home, referring to “Madame Mère” his mother. The sumptuous Princess Pauline, who never wanted to stay long in Italy, was at the time of the present letter reigning with her beauty and luxury over the Parisian soirées, despite her starting to decline health, Further Napoleon adds `Dites-moi si l´on est de bonne humeur. Adieu Petite Princesse´ (Translation: “Tell me if we are in a good mood. Goodbye Little Princess”) Napoleon with the expression “Tell me if we are in a good mood” recalls and refers to Christine de Mathis, his lover and lady of the Palace of Pauline Borghese. With address leaf in Napoleon´s hand, writing and underlining in bold black ink `à la Princesse Pauline´ (“To Princess Pauline”), also bearing a red wax seal, divided in two as a result of the opening of the letter. VG Pauline Bonaparte (1780-1825) Duchess of Guastalla. Favourite younger sister of Napoleon Bonaparte. Wife of Prince Borghese.Letizia Ramolino (1750-1836) Mother of Napoleon Bonaparte. Christine de Mathis (1784-1841) born Christine Ghilini, later appointed Baronness de Mathis. Italian Dame de Palais to Princess Pauline Borghese and mistress of Napoleon in 1809. The present letter was exhibited at the exhibition Exposition Splendeurs de l´Empire (“Splendors of the Empire”) at the Chateau de Malbrouck in 2009.

DIDEROT DENIS: (1713-1784) French philosopher, art critic and writer, a significant figure during the Age of Enlightenment. An extremely rare and important autograph manuscript, unsigned, seven pages, 8vo, n.p., n.d (c.1771), in French. The manuscript, written in Diderot’s small, neat hand, is entitled Satyre contre le luxe a la mainiere de Perse (‘Satire against luxury in the Persian style’) and takes the form of a dialogue between two characters, the first a sceptic of the times, not far removed from Jean-Jacques Rousseau, radical in his rejection of luxury and what it represents, and the second character one who judges that all is not so bad in the world as it is. ‘Vous jetez sur les diverses societes de l'espece humaine un regard si chargin, que je ne connais plus guere qu'un moyen de vous contenter: c'est de ramener l'age d'or’ (Translation: ‘You look at the various societies of the human race with such a distrustful eye that I can think of only one way of satisfying you: that is to bring back the golden age’) begins the second, and with spartan austerity, the former rejects all sweetness of life, ‘Vous vous trompez. Une vie consumee a soupirer aux pieds d'une bergere n'est point de tout mon fait. Je veux que l'homme travaille. Je veux qu'il souffre. Sous en etat de nature qui irait au-devant de tous ses voeux, ou la branche se courberait pour approcher le fruit de sa main, il serait faineant; et n'en deplaise aux poetes, qui dit faineant dit mechant’ (Translation: ‘You're wrong. A life spent sighing at the feet of a shepherdess is not entirely my doing. I want man to work. I want him to suffer. Under a state of nature which would fulfil all his wishes, or the branch would bend to bring the fruit nearer to his hand, he would be a faineant; and, with all due respect to the poets, who says faineant says villain’), and Rousseau’s name is naturally introduced, ‘Depouillez-vous donc; suivez le conseil de Jean-Jacques, et faites-vous sauvage’ (Translation: ‘Take off your clothes; follow Jean-Jacques' advice, and make yourself wild’) before the interlocutor sweeps aside the Voltairean irony and gives the subject a political twist, ‘Ce serait bien le mieux. La, du moins, il n'ya a d'inegalite que celle qu'il a plu a la nature de mettre entre ses enfants; et les forets ne retentissent pas de cette variete de plaintes, que des maux sans nombre arrachent a l'homme dans ce bienheureux etat de la societe’ (Translation: ‘That would be the best. Here, at least, there is no inequality except that which it has pleased nature to place between her children; and the forests do not resound with that variety of complaints, which countless evils wring from man in this blessed state of society’), the other attempts moderation and advocates a form of resignation to the order of things as it is, ‘Mon ami, aimons notre paitre; aimons nos contemporains; soumettons-nous a un ordre de choses qui pourrait par hasard etre meilleur ou plus mauvais; jouissons des avantages de notre condition. Si nous y voyons des defauts, et il y en a sans doute, attendons-en le remede de l'experience et de la sagesse de nos maitres; et restons ici’ (Translation: ‘My friend, let us love our pasture; let us love our contemporaries; let us submit to an order of things which might by chance be better or worse; let us enjoy the advantages of our condition. If we see any faults in it, and there undoubtedly are, let us await the remedy of the experience and wisdom of our masters; and let us remain here’), and then the other launces into a violent diatribe against corrupting money, ‘Rester ici, moi! moi! y reste celui qui peut voir avec patience un peuple qui se pretend civilise, et le plus civilise de la terre, mettre a l'encan l'exercise des fonctions civiles; mon coeur se gonfle, et un jour de ma vie, non, un jour de ma vie, je ne le passe pas sans charger d'imprecations celui qui rendit les charges venales. Car c'est de la, oui. c'est de la et de la situation des grands exacteurs que sont decoules tous nos maux. Au moment ou l'on put arriver a tout avec de l'or, on voulut avoir de l'or; et le merite, qui ne conduisait a rien, ne fut rien. Il n'y eut plus aucune emulation honnete. L'educatin resta sans aucune base solide’ (Translation: ‘To remain here, me! me! to remain here is to be the one who can patiently watch a people who claim to be civilised, and the most civilised on earth, auction off the exercise of civil functions; my heart swells, and one day of my life, no, one day of my life, I will not spend it without charging with imprecations the one who made the offices venal. For it is from this, yes. it is from this and from the situation of the great tax collectors that all our ills have arisen. At the moment when one could achieve everything with gold, one wanted to have gold; and merit, which led to nothing, became nothing. There was no longer any honest emulation. Education remained without any solid foundation’), further describing the deleterious effects of the race for wealth, the desire to possess more and more that leads humanity to its ruin, ‘L'elephant se gonfla pour accroitre sa taille, la boeuf imita l'elephant; la grenouille eut la meme manie, qui remonta d'elle a l'elephant; et, dans ce mouvement reciproque, les trois animaux perirent: triste, mais image reelle d'une nation abandonnee a un luxe, symbole de la richesse des uns, et masque de la misere generale du reste’ (Translation: ‘The elephant inflated itself to increase its size, the ox imitated the elephant; the frog had the same mania, which went up from it to the elephant; and, in this reciprocal movement, the three animals lost: sad, but a real image of a nation abandoned to a luxury, symbol of the wealth of some, and mask of the general misery of the rest’), as well as the corruption of the morals, the contempt for study, the disappearance of all decency being the consequences, ‘On rampa, on s'avilit, on se prostitua dans toutes les conditions. Il n'y eut plus de distinction entre les moyens d'acquerir. Honnetes, malhonnetes, tous furent bons’ (Translation: ‘We crawled, we debased ourselves, we prostituted ourselves in all conditions. There was no longer any distinction between the means of acquisition. Honest, dishonest, all were good’), the other then advances the argument that this luxury engenders the development of art and industry, ‘Mais ne vous rejouissez-vous pas de voir la debauche, la dissipation, le faste, ecrouler ces masses enormes d'or? C'est par ce ,oyen qu'on nous restitue goutte a goutte ce sang dont nous sommes epuises. Il nous revient par une foule de mains occupees. Ce luxe, contre lequel vous vous recriez, n'est-ce pas lui qui soutient le ciseau dans la main du statuaire, la palette au puce du peintre, la navette?’ (Translation: ‘But don't you rejoice to see debauchery, dissipation and splendour crush these huge masses of gold? It is by this means that we are given back drop by drop the blood from which we are exhausted. It comes back to us through a host of busy hands. This luxury, against which you recoil, is it not that which sustains the chisel in the hand of the statuary, the palette on the chip of the painter, the shuttle?’), OWING TO LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CAN NOT BE DISPLAYED. Please contact IAA Europe directly for further information. 

[WAGNER RICHARD]: (1813-1883) German composer. The rare personal printed oblong 12mo Visiting Card of Wagner, unsigned, simply featuring his printed name to the centre and with no address indicated. One heavy vertical fold to the centre and with some other light creases and a few very small, minor stains. FR

MARCEAU MARCEL: (1923-2007) French actor and mime artist. Signed 8 x 10 photograph, the vintage image depicting Marceau seated in a half-length pose. Signed in bold blue fountain pen ink to a light area at the base of the image, also adding his character name, Bip, a small drawing of a flower, and the date 1986 in his hand. Signed photographs depicting Marceau not wearing his Bip the Clown costume are rare. VG

HENRY VIII: (1491-1547) King of England 1509-47. A good, rare D.S., Henry R, as King, at the head, one page (vellum), slim oblong 8vo (23.5 x 11 cm), given under the King's signet at Windsor Castle, 2nd January 1514. The manuscript warrant is addressed to Sir Andrew Windsor ('To our trusty and welbeloved Ser Andrew Wyndesore, knight, keper of our great wardrope') and commands him to deliver unto Lord Curson fourteen yards of crimson velvet for a gown and as much black budge as shall suffice for furring the same ('We wooll and commaunde you that unto the lorde Kurson ye deliver xiiij yerdes of Crimson velvett for a gowne and asmoche blacke boogi as schall suffice for furring of the same gowne'). With an early ninteenth century filing annotation ('60') to the upper left corner and the blank lower left corner neatly excised. Some very light, minor age wear, VGAndrew Windsor (1467-1543) 1st Baron Windsor. English peer and politician, Keeper of the Great Wardrobe 1504-43. Windsor played a significant part in King Henry VIII's military expedition to France in 1513 and was present at the Battle of the Spurs (16th August 1513) after which he was among the first to be advanced as Knights Bannerets. In 1514 Windsor attended Mary Tudor, the King's sister, on her journey to France for her marriage to King Louis XII and signed the marriage and peace treaties with France in 1518. Windsor attended the Field of the Cloth of Gold summit meeting between King Henry VIII and King Francis I in June 1520. Sir Robert Curson (c.1460-1535) Lord Curson. English soldier and courtier at the court of King Henry VIII, and also that of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Curson was publicly proclaimed a traitor from the pulpit at Paul’s Cross on 21st October 1501, although astonishingly escaped punishment. In 1509 his annual fee was set at £400 and it remained so until 1520, when he (or his son Robert) were present at the Field of Cloth of Gold. Although he never became an English peer, his title Lord Curson appears to have been recognized at court from around 1513.

BOSCO JOHN: (1815-1888) Don Bosco. Italian Roman Catholic Priest, Educator and Writer. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method known as the Salesian Preventive System. Founder of the Salesians of Don Bosco. Canonized as a saint in 1934. Rare A.L.S., `Obbl.[igatissi]mo Servitore Sac. G. Bosco´, three pages, small 4to, Turin, 15th May 1870, to Countess Callori, in Italian. Bosco thanks his correspondent for her help and charity and refers to his recent trip stating `Benemerita Signora Contessa, la sua lettera mi venne a raggiungere in Mornese che é il Paradiso terrestre della Provincia Acquese - Ella abbonda in bontá e carité ed io la ringrazio. Il mio viaggio fu ottimo. Cessazione dalle ordinarie occupazioni, un po´ piu di riposo, buoni pranzi mi hanno fatto benissimo, al corpo s´intende-…´ (Translation: “Well-deserving Madam Countess, your letter reached me in Mornese which is the earthly paradise of the Acquese Province - You abound in goodness and charity and I thank you. My trip was excellent. Cessation from ordinary occupations, a little more rest, good lunches have done me very well, for the body of course -…”) Saint John Bosco further unusually recommends a relative, saying `Le mando unito un biglietto pel benevolo cav. Giacosa. E´ la prima volta che raccomando un parente; glielo avevo promesso come premio e lo fo perché lo ha guadagnato…´ (Translation: “I am also sending you a note for the kind gentleman Giacosa. It's the first time I've recommended a relative; I promised it to him as a reward and I do it because he deserved it…”) Further again, and before concluding, Bosco explains his near future travelling plan, stating `Se potró andare a Mirabello la preverró e faro certamente una stazione a sua casa – L´altro ieri si tenne seduta a Roma riguardo all chiesa di S. Giovanni della Pigna – il risultato fu per noi: forse dovró fare una corsa a Roma; oggi ho scritto per vedere se posso farne a meno a al meno differire…´ (Translation: “If I can go to Mirabello, I will anticipate it and certainly make a stop at your house - The day before yesterday there was a session in Rome regarding the church of S. Giovanni della Pigna - the result was that perhaps I will have to make a trip to Rome; I wrote today to see if I can cancel it or at least postpone it…”) Overall minor age wear, with a very small hole not affecting the text or signature and few minor foxing stains, otherwise G Countess Carlota Calori di Vignale (1827-1911) one of the most important financial benefactors of Bosco´s projects. Bosco considered Countess Callori as his second-mother.

ORDER OF MALTA - PERELLOS RAMON: (1637-1720) Spanish Knight of Aragon, who served as Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta for more than twenty years, from 1697 until 1720. Perellos established foreign relations between Malta and Russia for the first time, and fought against corruption within the Order. The Grand Master also improved and strengthened the coastal fortifications of Malta which was suffering multiple attacks from the Ottoman fleet, organizing himself and building a new war fleet to fight the Turks. Rare l.S. `Perellos´, one page, folio, Malta, 18th April 1703, to the Grand Prior of Aquitaine, in French. The document bears to the heading an Order of Malta ink stamp to the upper right corner, and in large bold letters, in Latin, "Mag[ist]er Hosptis et S[anc]ti sepulchri hiertem" ("The Master of the Hospital and the Holy Sepulchre"). Perellos refers to a process of accpetance of nobility, and states in part `Venerable tres cher et bien aimé Religieux; Nous aiant esté fait instance, qu´il nous plût recevoir au nombre des pages qui sont destinés pour Notre Service Noble, René Vincent de Messenie, fils de noble Louis du même nom et de Dame Caterine de Coué de Lusignan, nous avons volontiers octroié cette grace qui nous oblige a vous advertir de ne faire aucune difficulté de tenir une assemblée Extraordinaire touttes et quantes fois que vous en serez requis, tant pour lui délivrer la Commission nécessaire pour pouvoir faire les preuves de sa Noblesse et légitimation....´ (Translation: "Very dear and beloved Venerable Religious; Having been requested, that we we were glad to receive among the pages which are intended for Our Noble Service, René Vincent de Messenie, son of noble Louis of the same name and Lady Caterine de Coué de Lusignan, we have gladly granted this grace which obliges us to warn you not to make any difficulty in holding an Extraordinary assembly whenever and as many times you are required to do so, both to deliver the Commission necessary to be able to demonstrate the Nobility and legitimation...") With blank address leaf. Small overall age wear, otherwise G Perello´s funerary monument is found at St. John´s Co-Cathedral in Valletta and is considered to be one of the best examples of baroque art in Malta.

LAUPEPA SUSUGA MALIETOA: (1841-1898) King (Tafa'ifa) of Samoa 1875-87, 1889-98. A rare L.S., Malietoa, two pages, folio, Mulinu'u, 9th November 1891, to Henry C. Ide, in Samoan. The King states that he is in receipt of his correspondent's letter 'informing me that you had resigned your position as United States Land Commissioner in Samoa' further acknowledging that the resignation had been accepted by the President of the United States and a successor appointed, and remarking 'I am extremely sorry that family troubles have compelled you to resign a position you are so admirably fitted for. It has been a great pleasure to me to see the work of the Commission go on so smoothly and with such fairness to all parties concerned; my people feel that in you and your colleagues they had judges that would act fairly and fearlessly to all parties interested. I have no doubt your successor will be well worthy the trust his Government has placed in him and he must not think I mean otherwise'. With blank integral leaf. Accompanied by a photocopy of a complete contemporary English translation. Some slight traces of former mounting to the inner edges of the central vertical fold of the bifolium, not affecting the text or signature, and with some light creasing, otherwise VGHenry Clay Ide (1844-1921) American judge, colonial commissioner and ambassador who served as Governor-General of the Philippines 1905-06. American President Benjamin Harrison had appointed Ide to be Presidential Commissioner to Samoa in 1891 (Ide's formal title was American Land Commissioner in Samoa) as one of three representatives, along with Germany and Great Britain, responsible for adjuticating land claims by foreigners in the Islands as provided for in the Treaty of Berlin (1889). Ide only stayed in the post six months, leaving Samoa on 12th November 1891.

JANSSEN DAVID: (1931-1980) American Actor, best remembered for his portrayal of Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive (1963-1967). A rare signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph, the image showing Janssen outdoors, standing in a half-length pose, in a scene from The Fugitive series. Signed and inscribed in bold black fountain pen ink to a largely clear area of the image. VG

PROUST MARCEL: (1871-1922) French Novelist and Essayist. Best known for his major novel A la Recherche du Temps Perdu (`In search of Lost Time´). A rare and good A.L.S., `Marcel Proust´, two pages, 8vo, mourning paper, n.p., Saturday 8th, n.d., [to Gabriel Mourey], in French. Proust refers to his translation of Ruskin´s work, stating `J´ai peur qu´il n´y ait un malentendu et que les épreuves des “Trésors des Rois” n´aient été envoyées à une fausse adresse. Comme je n´ai absolument rien reçu et il me semble qu´à pareille date, le mois dernier vous me demandiez de vous renvoyer les épreuves corrigées?´ (Translation: “I am afraid that there might be a misunderstanding and that the proofs of “Of Kings´Treasures” were sent to a wrong address. As I have received absolutely nothing and if I recall well on this date last month you were asking me to send you the corrected proofs?”) Very small repaired tear to the bottom black border, not affecting the text or signature. G John Ruskin (1819-1900) English Writer and Philosopher, a Polymath of the Victorian era. Author of Of Kings´ Treasures (1865). Marcel Proust did a translation of Ruskin´s Of Kings´ Treasures into French, entitled Trésors des Rois which will be published in 1905 in the literary magazine Les Arts de la Vie directed by his correspondent Gabriel Mourey