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Lot 1341

Officials: Inland Revenue 1902-04 5s bright carmine, variety raised stop after 'R' (SG O25a), light creasing and odd shortish perf at foot, used by two rather heavy part London 'hooded' cds, Brandon cert (2006), cat £13,000, rare

Lot 1342

Officials: Inland Revenue 1902-04 £1 dull blue-green (SG O27), internal surface split/tear (approx. 8mm) and light creasing, used by bold Aberdeen cds for Oc 16 02, a collectable representative example of this rare stamp, Wiseman opinion (2006 which states cancel dated 16.12.02) for this and two other Officials, cat £25,000

Lot 1343

Officials: Board of Education 1902-04 1s dull green and carmine, overprinted specimen type 16 (SG O87s), colour suffusion at top and creasing, large part o.g., a collectable example of this rare stamp which is virtually unobtainable without specimen overprint, with 2008 Brandon cert, cat £38,000

Lot 1349

1912-24 2½d indigo-blue (SG 373), tiny tear at lower right corner but an excellent representative example of this rare shade, large part o.g., Hendon cert (2017), cat £3,500

Lot 14

1898 December 12 picture post card (depicts Chinese gambling) used from Whampoa to Germany, franked Hong Kong QV 4c grey tied by HK cds for DE 16 98, with superb undated circular 'IMPERIAL POST OFFICE/WHAMPOA' alongside, fine CANTON 'dollar chop' ds for 15 DEC 98 at lower left and Hamburg arrival cds for 17.1.99, attractive and rare, exhibition quality!

Lot 1465

1979 Dogs, 11p "West Highland Terrier", error imperforate pair (SG 1077a), heavy horizontal creases through centre of pair and in upper margin, four good to large margins, u/m, rare, Pierron states only 6 pairs known, cat £6,750

Lot 156

Stamp Booklets: 1913 (31 Aug) 90s large part booklet, contains nine panes of 6 and one part pane of 3 1½s pale blue, perf 13x13½ (SG 24a), one stamp in second to last pane of 6 with small thin, otherwise very fine (SG SB5), a very rare booklet, cat £34,000 when complete and £12,825 as basic stamps

Lot 174

A George II walnut and featherbanded chest of drawers, circa 1740, attributed to Giles Grendey, the rectangular caddy moulded quarter veneered top, above a brushing slide and four graduated drawers, above shaped bracket feet, 79cm high, 80cm wide, 52cm deep For a chest of virtually identical size, design and construction, and bearing the trade label of Giles Grendey, see Adam Bowett, Early Georgian Furniture 1715-1740, Antique Collectors Club, 2009, page 104, plate 3:19. In addition, the unusual feature of hardwood rollers fitted to the feet, demonstrated by the example in Bowett s book, is also present on the current chest being offered, although the actual rollers of the chest being offered are lacking. The cut out elements of the feet (for the rollers) and the construction and features of this part of the chest are also virtually identical to those demonstrated by the current chest. Whilst depending on photographs only from the example in Bowett s book, it appears the current chest being offered could be as identical as one could expect. This strongly suggests the current chest was made in the same workshop. Giles Grendey became an apprentice in 1709, and by 1716 taking on his own apprentices. He had a workshop in St John's Square, Clerkenwell from where he ran a successful, largely export business. He made a large selection of furniture to include tables, chairs and mirrors through to case furniture. One of his most well known commissions was for the Duke of Infantado, Lacanzo in Northern Spain where he designed a large suite of scarlet japanned furniture. Some of the pieces retained one of his labels or the initials of one of his apprentices. However, although it is known that he had a thriving workshop, firm attributions are rare, with little evidence of bills in country house records and few pieces still in existence bearing one of his two trade labels.

Lot 213

A pair of rare Coalport vases and covers painted with flowers, butterflies and birds, circa 1875-81, green printed mark, painted pattern A1412, 17.5cm high (2)

Lot 23

A rare Caughley mug painted in the Bright Sprigs pattern, circa 1785-92, S mark, 8.6cm high Provenance: Wright Collection no.407 purchased in 1988. Literature: Ironbridge no. 492. This is the only one that Maurice Wright has seen in this pattern.

Lot 24

A Caughley mug, circa 1776-80, transfer-printed in underglaze blue with the Natural Sprays Group, S mark, 14.4cm high (hairline to handle)Provenance: Wright Collection no.429, purchased in 1993. Literature: Ironbridge 1999, no. 39 and The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.94. This is a rare print to be found on Caughley.

Lot 30

A Caughley mask head jug transfer-printed with the Pine Cone pattern, circa 1785-92, S mark, 14.3cm highProvenance: Wright Collection no.581, purchased in 1998 from A. Arthur. This size in the Pine Cone pattern is rare and was originally one a pair, the other of which is now in the Ironbridge Gorge Museum.

Lot 31

A Caughley mask-head jug, circa 1776-80, transfer-printed in underglaze blue with the Bouquets pattern, C mark, 14.7cm high (small chip to the tip of the spout)Provenance: Wright Collection no.365. Demonstrating rare features with its low, settled shape, circular handle and a moulded border round neck with a thicker than usual band, this jug is illustrated in the Ironbridge 1999 Bicentenary, no. 224 and the Caughley Newsletter Feb 2012 No 49, p.12. Purchased in 1986. Maurice Wright has only seen two like this jug.

Lot 32

A Caughley mask-head baluster jug, circa 1776-79, transfer-printed in underglaze blue with the Pine Cone group, including a rare spray from the Thorny Rose group, C mark, 14cm high (restored spout)Provenance: Wright Collection no. 461, purchased in 1994 from Phillips. Possibly ex. Geoffrey Godden Collection.Literature: The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.116.

Lot 38

A rare Caughley baluster jug, perhaps for milk, circa 1786-93, transfer-printed in the Temple pattern with reeded body and ear-shaped handle, Sx mark, 10.8cm high (crack to top of handle) Provenance: Wright Collection no. 701, purchased in 2003 from Mark Law. Literature: Auction Catalogue lot 1122. Mark Law 20/5/03 and newsletter December 2003 No 16 p 14. A rare shape, this jug is both ex Godden and Bill Dickenson Collections.

Lot 383

A Chinese famille rose plaque of Wang Xizhi, Qing Dynasty, possibly 18th Century, of rectangular form and painted in colours with the calligrapher at his desk on which is arranged a brush pot, ink stone, scrolls and a scholar's rock, he greets two boys who bring him a pair of captured geese while a pair of bats fly above, 26cm x 38cm.Footnote: Wang Xizhi (AD303-361) is considered one of China's greatest calligraphers who took much inspiration for his work from nature, particularly the graceful curves in the necks of geese. A rare and exceptional cinnabar lacquer brush pot depicting Wang Xizhi contemplating geese was sold in these rooms, 9 November 2016, lot 158.

Lot 39

A Caughley milk jug painted with the Gillyflower I pattern, circa 1775-80, C mark, 9.1cm high (small repaired chip) Provenance: Wright Collection no. 914, purchased in 2012 from Jupiter Antiques. This is a rare shape which is taller than the usual 'robins beak' jug.

Lot 43

A Caughley cream or sauce boat transfer-printed with the Fenced Garden pattern, a very rare shape, circa 1780-90, 6.7cm high (firing fault to foot) Provenance: Wright Collection no. 327 purchased in 1983 from Roger Edmundson Literature: Ironbridge 1999 no.289 and Nick Panes 'British Sauce Boats of the 18th Century', p.252.

Lot 53

A Caughley coffee can transfer-printed and painted with the very rare Ribbon Spray pattern, circa 1785-92, within an associated criss-cross ground, a rosebud and trailing leaves to the handle, unmarked, 6cm highProvenance: Wright Collection no.431, purchased in 1993.Literature: See Ironbridge 1999 no.128, and The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.104. A Chinese equivalent of this mug also sold in Canada.

Lot 539

A rare Turkish inlaid bronze travelling inkwell, Ottoman, the well of globe form and supported on a tripod base below a pen bracket and candle holder, inlaid with gilt and silver script and foliate scroll decoration, 20cm high.

Lot 57

A Caughley tea bowl and saucer painted with the very rare Vase and Lantern pattern, circa 1785-95, S mark to the bowl, tea bowl 9.2cm diameter, saucer 14cm diameter (small rim chip), sold together with a Chinese saucer in the same pattern 12cm diameter (3)Provenance: The bowl is Wright Collection no.649, purchased from Rod Jellicoe in 2001. The saucer is Wright Collection no. 878, purchased in 2011 from N. Gent. Literature: The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.185 and Newsletter June 2008 No.34 p.9. Though purchased separately, distinct similarities can be seen in the painting of these two pieces lending credit to the idea that they were most likely by the same painter, with the sizing of each piece also appearing to match.

Lot 579

POSTCARDS, early 20th century, to include British Royal Naval and Maritime, including Cunard and White Star Line, advertising, topographical, railway, military including the Vet River Railway Bridge Destruction in the Boer War, agricultural and others including The National Waif's Association, Baranado's Bell Ringers, Tom Thumb 'The Oldest Midget in the World', a rare and early photograph of a Masai wedding and women at the Siemans Munition Works (approximately 216)

Lot 64

A very rare Caughley tea bowl in the 'Trench Mortar' pattern, circa 1790-98, unmarked, 8cm diameter (hairline) Provenance: Wright Collection no.582 purchased 1998 from S. Millington. Literature: This is the only piece of Caughley known to demonstrate this pattern, otherwise better known on hard-paste porcelain from the New Hall factory. A pull from a copper plate has recently been found in the Coalport Rag Book, confirming a Shropshire origin. The Rag Book is held at the Wedgwood Museum and contains patterns from both the Caughley and Coalport factories. The paste of this bowl together with the nature of the potting and the foot-rim suggest a Caughley rather than Coalport origin, although some remain sceptical of this attribution.' The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.183 has a full page illustration and discussion of this tea bowl.

Lot 68

A Caughley sucrier and cover transfer-printed in a rare underglaze blue Three Flowers and Hips pattern, circa 1775-1783, S mark, 12.5cm highProvenance: Wright Collection no.943, purchased in 2013 from Ebay. Literature: Newsletter May 2014 No 58 pp 23-4, and The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.119 where it is noted that this pattern is only known on sucriers, and may have been the standard pattern for sucriers in tea services.

Lot 69

A Caughley coffee cup transfer-printed in the Birds in Branches pattern, circa 1780-85, unmarked, 6.9cm high, together with a Coalport saucer of the same design, circa 1800-10, unmarked, 12.5cm diameter (2)Provenance: Wright Collection no.'s 916 and 938.Literature: See Newsletter May 2014 No 58 pp. 26-7, this is a rare conjunction of print and border.

Lot 75

A Caughley coffee cup transfer-printed in the Fence and House pattern, circa 1786-92, unmarked, 6.9cm high (chipped) and a Caughley coffee cup painted in the Tower pattern, unmarked, 6.3cm high (a.f) (2)Provenance: The Fence and Houses coffee cup is Wright Collection no. 720, purchased in 2004 from Paul Johnson. This is a very rare piece, this French shape more commonly being found in a painted sprig pattern. The Tower pattern cup is Wright Collection no. 926, purchased in 2003.Literature: For the Fence and Houses cup, see Newsletter June 2004 No 18 pg9.

Lot 78

A Caughley sauce boat painted with the rare Rose pattern, circa 1776-1779, reversed C mark, 15cm wide (crack around lower section of handle)Provenance: Wright Collection no.686, purchased from Rod Jellicoe in 2002. Literature: The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, pgs. 105 and 239. This pattern appears to have only been used on sauce boats of this shape, but similar small rose patterns are found on other pieces. This is very similar to the same pattern as produced by Worcester.

Lot 8

A Caughley pickle leaf dish with the very rare painted version of the Pickle Leaf Vine pattern, circa 1778-85, C mark, 12cm wide (small chip to one pointed edge)Provenance: Wright Collection no. 724, purchased from Wyatt in 2004. Literature: The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.98 and Woolley & Wallis cat. No 534 30/11/04. The mark on this dish is an interesting one, being different from most - looking almost like a mark one would expect of Worcester with the addition of a serif. The shape, however, confirms that this is indeed Caughley.

Lot 82

A rare Caughley dish or stand painted in the Garden Floral pattern, circa 1785-92, the unglazed base unmarked, 23.7cm wideProvenance: Wright Collection no. 435, purchased from Geoffrey Godden in 1993. Literature: See Ironbridge 1999 no. 303 and Newsletter 2008 no. 34, p.4. A rare and unrecorded pattern from the Godden Reference Collection, of which there were two with the other appearing in auction 20-21 May 2003 Lot 1085 at Mark Law's.

Lot 85

A Caughley plate transfer-printed in the Gillyflower II pattern within a wavy feathered rim border, circa 1776-79, partial S mark, 21.5cm diameter (chipped)Provenance: Wright Collection no. 405 purchased in 1989 from Venners. Literature: See Ironbridge 1999 no.151, and The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.84.A very rare plate, this is heavy and has a thick edge more typical of Liverpool pottery plates painted with Chinese scenes. The wavy feathered edge is almost of irregular type.

Lot 88

A Caughley breakfast saucer painted in the rare Vase and Lantern pattern, circa 1785-95, unmarked, 15.7cm diameterProvenance: Wright Collection no.679, purchased from Bonhams (7/5/03, Lot 232). Literature: See Ironbridge 1999 no.32, The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White patterns, p.82 of and Newsletter June 2008 No.34 p.9.

Lot 9

A very rare small Caughley pickle leaf dish painted with the Pickle Leaf Spray pattern, circa 1777-84, unmarked, 9.5cm wideProvenance: Wright Collection no.46, purchased in 1972. Literature: The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.97. Maurice Wright notes he has only seen a maximum of three others in this pattern.

Lot 98

A very rare Caughley flower pot transfer-printed with the Pine Cone pattern, circa 1780-90, unmarked, 12.2cm diameterProvenance: Wright Collection no.917, purchased in 2012 from Ewbanks Auctioneers.Though sold by Ewbanks as a 'Worcester cache pot', a piece marked C was sold by Christies (12/10/81, lot 215) in the Gilbert Bradley Sale.

Lot 1703

A rare and interesting 1736 book 'Histoire et Description Generale du Japon; ou L'on Trouvera tout ce qu'on a pu apprendre de la nature & des Productions du Pays, du characters e des Coutumes des Habitans...'Tome Premier'.Julien-Michel Gando, M.DCC.XXXVI. Marbled boards with leather spine, gilt title, title pages printed in red and black. original fold out maps, written in French. Condition: wear to boards, some spotting to page edges, pages tight

Lot 1731

A rare first and limited edition Cream poster advertising their performance at the Royal Albert Hall, 373/500, approx 64cm x 94.5cm.

Lot 1793

A rare Paderewski autograph on Chopin Programme

Lot 3313

A rare Lesney Coronation coach with rare King and Queen figures inside

Lot 3314

A rare pre production Y21 Matchbox Models of Yesteryear Woody wagon in red with wood style roof and body with two numbers missing from the base of the model ( i.e. 19 - - ). With silver wire spoke wheels , yellow interior and factory rivets to base.

Lot 3316

A rare 1-75 pre production gold plated Matchbox bus....( please note ..box is not correct for this vehicle )

Lot 3317

A rare pre production Matchbox Toys super king group 4 security van , the labels to the side being different to the model that was eventually released by Matchbox. Also this model has no number after the " K " number on the base.

Lot 3318

A rare pre production Matchbox Superkings Pepsi cola lorry with a yellow chassis, red cab and light brown roof. The model number is missing after the " K " to the base and also the last digit is missing from the date ( i.e. 197- ) ..there is a little damage to the Pepsi sign on one side of the model...The rivets look to be Matchbox factory rivets.

Lot 3319

A rare pre production Matchbox Superkings " Continental " lorry and trailer, both pieces having the model number missing after the " K " and the lorry having the last didn't of the date missing ( i.e. 197- ) .The rivets look to be factory rivets.

Lot 424A

A rare Etruscan carved Cornelius stone from antiquity set in a gold ring.Size approx SWeight approx 15.95g

Lot 101

A rare Caughley teapot and cover painted with the Bridge and Windmill pattern, circa 1780, S mark, 15.5cm highWright Collection no. 274(cover repaired, metal repair to the tip of the spout)

Lot 14

A Caughley dessert plate transfer-printed in the Temple pattern, circa 1784-92, Sx mark, 20.2cm diameter (central star crack)Provenance: Wright Collection no.696, purchased from a Mark Law sale in 2003, previously ex Bill Dickenson Collection.Literature: The Caughley Society, 'Caughley Blue and White Patterns', p.180 and Mark Law Auction Catalogue 20/5/03, lot 1072. This tea ware pattern is rare to find on dessert wares.

Lot 15

A very rare Caughley dessert tureen, cover and stand painted with the Flowery Cartouche pattern, circa 1785-92, unmarked, tureen 14.5cm wide, stand 23.2cm wideProvenance: Wright Collection no. 406 purchased from Charnwood. Literature: See Ironbridge 1999 nos. 380 or 381 and The Caughley Society, Caughley Blue and White Patterns, p.157 where the stand is illustrated. Furthermore Geoffrey Godden wrote an article in the ECC journal on a pair of these tureens, of which this is one. Godden goes on to say, 'Two tureens with their stands are the only pieces known with this pattern, their attribution as Caughley being based on their shape. This suggests that there may have been a dessert service dating from the latter part of the 1780s, which, if the tureens are anything to go by, would have been of excellent quality'.

Lot 151

A rare blue and white 'John Hill' election jug c.1796, Caughley or early John Rose Coalport, each side inscribed 'Honour and Honesty. John Hill for Ever. Prosperity to the House of Hawkstone', beneath the spout with the legend 'Majority of 44 in the Year 1796', 22cm high (small chip to the tip of the spout)This was a closely fought election campaign between William and his brother John Hill and was dubbed a 'family contest ... sprung from a pique' and the brothers attempted to buy votes with ale, food and more. The controversial Shrewsbury election of 1796 did not in fact result in a victory for John Hill, as the inscription on this jug suggests. John Hill's claimed "Majority of 44" was reached by adding spoilt ballot papers to his valid votes, and amounted only to a majority over his younger kinsman, William Hill, rather than to the overall victor, William Pulteney. The confusion regarding attribution of the jug itself lies in the closeness of the two factories and the fact that several moulds exist. It is possible that both factories produced these Election jugs, although it has sometimes been quoted as the earliest known dated Coalport porcelain.Ex Wright Collection.

Lot 65

N. Roberts (Early 20th Century) - Three gouache paintings - Portraits of 'Ringstone' Kennel Fox Terriers - 'Rare Bit', 'Riskit' and 'Rufus', each 23cm x 29cm approx, signed, two dated, 'Rare Bit' in gilt frame and glazed

Lot 245

Ten Boer War pin badges, rare examples, depicting General Roberts, Baden-Powell etc.

Lot 3

A Victorian rare breeds iron feeding trough, 99cm wide

Lot 1555

Rare Masons Mandalay Red cake dish and plate

Lot 1564

Rare Wedgwood majolica oval game pie dish L: 27 cm

Lot 106

Taxidermy: A case of Seesee Partridge by Rowland Ward with damaged label which would have read Seesee partridge (Ammoperdix griseogulari), Quetta Beluchistan December 19th 1883 38cm high by 44cm wide by 22cm deep Recently a remarkable series of cases in untouched condition was found at a country property in Yorkshire. They had been housed for the entire period of their existence in darkened quarters in a purpose built exhibition room. As a result of the careful way they had been maintained, they have remained in perfect order. Not only do they showcase some extraordinary and rare bird species, they also reveal that the renowned taxidermist Rowland Ward acquired his phenomenal skills at an early age - for these are among the earliest Rowland Ward examples ever recorded and date from the 1870s and 1880s. Rowland Ward went on to establish a large and prestigious firm that lasted long after his own death in 1912, even establishing a branch in Africa far from its Piccadilly headquarters. In fact the company continued in business for over 100 years, employing hundreds of people during that time and not finally closing until the 1970s. These very early examples are certainly the product of the man himself rather than of any of his later employees, and as such they represent a unique opportunity to acquire important examples of taxidermy history. Each is a magnificent example in its own right. All are outstanding, both in their fine condition, the skill displayed in their manufacture, and the interesting nature of the species displayed. Two beautifully matched cases featuring pairs of Himalayan and Tibetan Snowcocks complement one another, and there is a splendid smaller display housing a pair of Little Bustards. The most spectacular case contains a pair of Great Bustards. This iconic species became extinct in Britain during the nineteenth century, but there have been recent attempts to re-establish it by introducing individuals to Salisbury Plain.

Lot 111

Taxidermy: A magnificent Fox case by Peter Spicer of Leamington Spa the very large full mount fox mounted above a grouse in highland setting, the rockwork inscribed P. Spicer & Sons, Leamington, 1925 and trade label to rear of case 110cm high by 117cm wide by 64cm deep Usually regarded as the most gifted of all the taxidermists of the Victorian era and the first part of the 20th century, Peter Spicer and his work has acquired an almost legendary status among serious collectors. His immediately identifiable cases with their charming painted scene backgrounds and brilliantly produced faux rockwork are highly sought after. In recent years several of his rare fox cases have been offered for sale but it is true to say that none of them compare with this show stopping example - which is still in perfect, unfaded condition. Not only is it a fantastic example of the taxidermist’s art, but it is also an evocative and spectacular tribute to the fox itself.

Lot 64

Natural History: A very rare three dimensional Plesiosaur skeleton Lower Lias Formation, Lyme Regis, Dorset, approx. 205 million years ago 300cm long During 1840 one of the first books ever written about prehistoric animals was published. Not only was the volume huge in size, it was given the very dramatic title of The Book of the Great Sea Dragons, and its subject was the fossil Plesiosaurs that had recently been found at Lyme Regis and in nearby places. The terrifying and awesome appearance of these iconic creatures from the Age of Dinosaurs justified the title, and ever since the idea of Plesiosaurs has coloured the imaginations of many, many people. Even today there are those who cannot quite bring themselves to believe that these remarkable creatures became extinct some 70 million years ago. Whenever an enigmatic sighting is made of an unidentifiable sea animal, the idea of the legendary sea serpent is put forward, quickly followed by a question: could the mysterious creature have been a surviving Plesiosaur? There are even those who suggest that the Loch Ness Monster (if it exists at all) is nothing more or less than a family of Plesiosaurs! Fossil remains of these creatures have been found in various parts of the world (and there are a number of different kinds), but the first to be discovered was found at Lyme Regis in the 1820s by the celebrated fossilist Mary Anning, a lady who kick-started the whole concept of fossil collecting. The specimen she dug out from the cliffs astonished the scientific world and her contemporaries couldn’t decide exactly what manner of creature it was. One described it as resembling a snake that had been threaded through the body shape of a turtle. The species was eventually given the scientific name of Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus, and it is an example of this species that is being offered at Summers Place. Although a number of specimens have been retrieved since the time of Mary Anning, these represent very rare finds and very few have been obtained in anything like a complete state. Those that have been assembled in three-dimensional condition are even rarer and there are unlikely to be more than two or three in the world. This particular example comes from Broad Ledge, a spot very close to the centre of Lyme Regis, and was found some 30 years ago, since when it has been in private hands.

Lot 65

Fossils: A petrified wood slice with carbon/manganese oxide mineralisation Indonesian, Triassic 34cm Petrified wood is a fossil in which the organic remains have been replaced by minerals in the slow process of being replaced with stone. Special rare conditions must be met in order for the fallen tree trunk or stem to be transformed into fossil wood or petrified wood. In general, the fallen plants get buried in an environment free of oxygen which preserves the original plant structure and general appearance. The other conditions include a regular access to mineral rich water in contact with the tissues, replacing the organic plant structure with inorganic minerals. The end result is petrified wood - a plant, with its original basic structure in place, replaced by stone. Exotic minerals allow the red and green hues that can be seen in rarer specimens. Petrified wood can preserve the original structure of the stem in all its detail, down to the microscopic level. Structures such as tree rings and the various tissues are often observed features, although in petrified wood from Indonesia, tree rings are often less evident due to the lack of seasons in the tropical climate. Petrified wood from Indonesia covers several areas in Banten and also in some part of Mount Halimun Salak National Park. The following 13 lots during the petrification process over millions of years have been mineralised by various elements including manganese, iron and carbon, giving them their distinct and varied colours.

Lot 81

Natural History: A rare skeleton of an Aurochs (Bos primigenius) 194cm high by 282cm long, horn spread 118cm The skeleton is a rare example of the Aurochs, the legendary ancestral bull that was found in Europe and Asia until well into historical times. In fact the last known aurochs was killed in a central European forest in 1627. This creature of legend was the ancestor of our cattle today, and it is no small testament to human ingenuity that this enormous and ferocious beast was tamed and eventually domesticated. Hunted and yet feared by prehistoric and medieval man, its famed ferocity filled several leading Nazis (most notably Hermann Goering) with the wish to recreate it. Inspired by myths of former Teutonic glory, their aim was to stock ancient European forests with this formidable beast so that they could test their hunting skills against it. This strongly held fantasy they hoped to bring about through selective breeding, but although much money and effort was spent on the project it was doomed to ultimate failure and the Aurochs remained - and remains - a creature of history. The aurochs roamed widely over Europe and into Siberia its range overlapping that of the steppe bison (Bison priscus) and it has been noted that the two species could hybridise. Indeed their skeletons are very similar in appearance and size. Location seems to be the main determinants as to which species is recognised. In Western Europe it is the aurochs (Bos primigenius) and in former Soviet territories the bison that seems to be more commonly identified. This slightly confusing state of affairs adds to the mystery of this skeleton, as it is either a large bison or a medium aurochs. The attitude and size of the horns leans more towards the aurochs than the steppe bison. There are perhaps less than two dozen reasonably complete aurochs skeletons so the body of evidence is not large. The best two of these were found in peat bogs in Denmark. It is quite surprising that so little has survived from such a large beast that died out relatively recently. The name and fame have survived and one wonders why there are not more trophies in castles, particularly in Poland and Germany where they last lived. The awesome skeleton at Summers Place shows the fearsome power and size of this now legendary beast.

Lot 91

Natural History: A large Coco de Mer Seychelles 36cm high Coco de Mers were originally found floating in the sea hence the name since nobody knew where they came from and it was believed by many to grow on a mythical tree at the bottom of the sea. Famed for their resemblance to the female form, European nobles in the sixteenth century would often have the shells of these nuts polished and decorated with valuable jewels as collectibles for their private galleries. The true source of the nut was only discovered in 1768 by Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne in the Seychelles and it is now endemic to only Praslin and Curieuse islands where it is now a rare and protected species.

Lot 424

A rare James II three-prong trefid table fork,crested, maker's mark IC with pellet & cinquefoil, London 1688,2ozProvenance: Wooley & Wallis 'The How Collection', Edinburgh. With How ticket: 'Ploughed up near Chichester'.

Lot 450

A Victorian silver gilt knife, table fork and spoon,Hunt & Roskell Ltd., London, 1897,rich figure pattern, knife 21.5cm long, 6oz overallLiterature: This pattern is illustrated in Ian Pickford's 'Silver flatware', p.148, where it is noted that this pattern is a rare example made by Hunt & Roskell for Francis Higgins.The pattern appears in Higgin's pattern book. A similar example is in the V&A collection.

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