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Lot 746
Pescennius Niger AR Denarius. Antioch, AD 193-194. IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIAE AVG, Niger standing left, holding globe and sword hilt, crowned by Victory standing left behind him, holding palm. RIC -; BMC -; RSC -. Cf. CNG 69, 8 June 2005, lot 1648 & HJ Berk 126, 23 April 2002, lot 348 & Roma 7, 22 March 2014, lot 1090 for same reverse but with different obv. bust type. 2.89g, 19mm, 5h. Good Extremely Fine. Beautifully sound metal, attractively toned. Apparently unique and unpublished, and undoubtedly the finest of just four coins bearing this reverse type, and certainly also in the first rank of all surviving denarii of Pescennius Niger. The scarcity of Pescennius Niger's coinage today belies the fact that it was struck on a monumental scale, and we can only assume that after his defeat at the hands of Septimius Severus in AD 194 his coins were meticulously recalled and melted. Although it has been extensively published, there are such a huge number of minor varieties that no single catalogue is without numerous lacunae. It appears that the all of Niger's coins were struck at Antioch and possibly a subsidiary mint operating at Caesarea in Cappadocia.
Lot 748
Pescennius Niger AR Denarius. Antioch, AD 193-194. IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIAE AVG, Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm branch. RIC IV 86 var. (obv. legend and bust type); RSC 74 var. (same). 2.30g, 18mm, 2h. Near Very Fine, porous, scrapes on bust. Rare bust type, apparently unpublished with this reverse type. From the Mark Gibbons Collection.
Lot 749
Clodius Albinus, as Caesar, Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 194-195. D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bareheaded bust right, slight drapery / FELICITAS COS II, Felicitas, draped, standing left, holding caduceus and sceptre; S-C across field. RIC 52b; Banti 6. 21.60g, 29mm, 12h. Very Fine. Attractive green patina.
Lot 756
Julia Domna AR Antoninianus. Rome, AD 215-217. IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, set on crescent / LVNA LVCIFERA, Luna driving biga of horses to left, with fold of drapery floating around and above head. RIC 379a (Caracalla); RSC 106. 3.35g, 19mm, 7h. Good Extremely Fine.
Lot 757
Caracalla AR Denarius. Rome, AD 198-199. IMP CAES M AVR ANTON AVG, laureate and draped bust right / SECVRIT ORBIS, Securitas seated right on throne, resting head upon hand and holding sceptre; lighted and garlanded altar to right. RIC IV 22; C. 571. 3.15g, 19mm, 12h. Extremely Fine. Well detailed reverse.
Lot 758
Caracalla Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 210-213. M AVREL ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / SECVRITATI PERPETVAE, Securitas seated to right in front of altar, propping head on hand and holding sceptre; S-C in exergue. RIC 512a; C. 576. 24.36g, 31mm, 12h. Very Fine.
Lot 761
Macrinus AR Denarius. Rome, AD 218. IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. RIC IV 53; Clay Issue 3; RSC 2b (Antioch). 3.41g, 20mm, 6h. Near Extremely Fine, area of roughness on reverse. Rare bust type for issue. From the Mark Gibbons Collection.
Lot 763
Macrinus AR Denarius. Rome, AD 217-218. IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing facing, head right, resting foot on globe, holding two standards. RIC 67; BMC 65; RSC 23f. 3.26g, 20mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. From the Mark Gibbons Collection.
Lot 764
Macrinus Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 217-218. IMP CAES M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG, laureate, cuirassed bust right / PONTIF MAX TR P P P, Felicitas standing left holding long caduceus and cornucopiae; S-C across fields. C. 80; RIC 121. 25.94g, 32mm, 12h. Near Extremely Fine; minor cleaning marks on obverse.
Lot 768
Julia Paula AR Denarius. Rome, AD 219-220. IVLIA PAVLA AVG, draped bust right / CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding patera in her extended right hand, resting left arm on armrest; star in left field. RIC IV 211 (Elagabalus); Thirion 452; RSC 6a; BMCRE 172-4. 3.53g, 19mm, 6h. Extremely Fine.
Lot 769
Julia Paula AR Denarius. Rome, AD 219-220. IVLIA PAVLA AVG, draped bust right / CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding patera in her extended right hand, resting left arm on armrest; star in left field. RIC IV 211 (Elagabalus); Thirion 452; RSC 6a; BMCRE 172-4. 3.46g, 19mm, 12h. Extremely Fine.
Lot 770
Julia Maesa Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 220-222. Struck under Elagabalus. IVLIA MAESA AVG, draped bust right / SAECVLI FELICITAS, Felicitas standing left, holding long caduceus and sacrificing out of patera over lighted altar to left; S-C across, star in right field. RIC 422; Thirion 427; Banti 11. 22.42g, 29mm, 12h. Very Fine.
Lot 772
Severus Alexander AR Denarius. Rome, AD 231. IMP SEV ALEXAND AVG, laureate bust right, slight drapery / FIDES MILITVM, Fides seated left, holding signum in each hand. RIC IV 193; BMC 684; RSC 51. 3.08g, 20mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine. From the Mark Gibbons Collection; Ex Classical Numismatic Group e254, 20 April 2011, lot 312.
Lot 776
Julia Mamaea AR Denarius. Rome, circa AD 232. IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, diademed and draped bust right / FECVND AVGVSTAE, Fecunditas standing left, holding cornucopiae and extending right hand over child before her. RIC 331; RSC 5. 3.22g, 19mm, 12h. Near Mint State. Ex Freeman & Sear MBS 15, 27 June 2008, lot 405.
Lot 777
Maximinus I AR Denarius. Rome, AD 236. IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P II COS P P, Maximinus standing left between two signa, raising hand and holding sceptre. RIC IV 3; BMCRE 77-9; RSC 55. 2.90g, 20mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine, light green deposit. Superbly rendered reverse. From the Mark Gibbons Collection.
Lot 786
Gordian III AV Aureus. Rome, late AD 240-early AD 243. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVTI AVGVSTI, the 'Farnese' Hercules standing facing, head right, resting right hand on hip and placing left on club set on rock; lion skin beside club. RIC 108; Calicó 3242. 5.03g, 20mm, 12h. About Extremely Fine.
Lot 790
Philip I Æ As. Rome, AD 244. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / PAX AETERNA, Pax standing facing, head left, holding branch and transverse sceptre. RIC 184b. 9.59g, 24mm, 11h. Extremely Fine. Very well preserved for the issue. From the Mark Gibbons Collection.
Lot 794
Trebonianus Gallus Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 253. IMP CAES C VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / APOLLO SALVTARI, Apollo standing left, holding branch and resting hand on lyre set on rock; S-C across fields. RIC 104a; Banti 6. 17.53g, 30mm, 12h. Good Very Fine.
Lot 796
Aemilian AR Antoninianus. Rome, AD 253. IMP CAES AEMILIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P I P P, Aemilian standing left, sacrificing over altar from patera and holding sceptre; standard behind to the left. RIC IV 7; RSC 32. 3.34g, 20mm, 6h. Near Extremely Fine.
Lot 797
Divus Valerian II Æ Sestertius. Rome, circa AD 258. Consecration issue, struck under Valerian I and Gallienus. DIVO CAES VALERIANO, bareheaded and draped bust right / CONSECRATIO, Funeral pyre in five tiers, the highest and lowest ornamented with festoons, the three between with standing figures, surmounted by Valerian II in spread biga; SC in exergue. RIC 35; Banti 3; Hunter 6.18.61g, 29mm, 12h. Good Very Fine. Rare.
Lot 801
Carausius Æ Antoninianus. 'C' mint, AD 286-293. IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVG, Pax standing left holding branch and sceptre; S–P across field. C. 194; RIC 475; Hunter 131. 4.92g, 23mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. An exceptional example of the type, sharply struck, well detailed and perfectly preserved.
Lot 802
Claudius II Gothicus Æ Antoninianus. Mediolanum, circa AD 268-269. IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind / FIDES MILIT, Fides standing facing, head left, holding standards; S in exergue. Cf. RIC V 149 (bust type); Huvelin, 'Chronologie du règne de Claude II le Gothique,' QT XXI (1992), pg. 312; Venèra 9251; cf. Cohen 89 (same). 4.10g, 20mm, 12h. Near Mint State. Rare.
Lot 805
Aurelian AV Binio (Double Aureus). Antioch, January-September AD 275. IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR ORIENTIS, Sol standing left with one hand raised and the other holding whip, chlamys over shoulder; at feet, two captives looking to left; IL in exergue. RIC -; C. -; BN -; MIR -; Calicó -; NAC 27, 12 May 2004, 479. 6.99g, 23mm, 12h. Near Mint State. Extremely Rare, apparently the second known specimen. In 272, Aurelian turned his attention to the lost eastern provinces of the empire, the so-called Palmyrene Empire ruled by Queen Zenobia, which encompassed Syria, Palestine, Egypt and large parts of Asia Minor. Despite a pragmatic acknowledgement of Zenobia and Vabalathus at the beginning of his reign, and having granted them both the titles they craved, Aurelian's driving ambition was to reunify and secure the sundered parts of the Roman empire. Marching east, Asia Minor was recovered with minimal resistance. Every city but Byzantium and Tyana surrendered quickly, and having spared Tyana from sack and despoliation supposedly because Apollonius of Tyana (a first century philosopher whom he greatly admired) appeared to him in a dream and implored him to mercy, many more cities submitted peacefully knowing that they would be treated leniently. Within six months, Aurelian stood at the gates of Palmyra. Zenobia was captured while attempting to flee, and paraded in golden chains in Aurelian's triumph in Rome. The recovery of Egypt by the future emperor Probus and a return to Palmyra to deal with a Palmyrene rebel named Antiochus finally secured the eastern provinces. Aurelian was given the title of Restitutor Orientis (Restorer of the East) by the Senate, who would soon after confer upon him the title of Restitutor Orbis (Restorer of the World) when he brought the breakaway Gallic provinces back into the fold, thus reunifying the empire. In 275, Aurelian was preparing another campaign against the Sassanids. The deaths of Shapur I and Hormizd I in quick succession (272 and 273 respectively), and the rise to power of a weaker ruler (Bahram I), set the conditions for an invasion of the Sassanid Empire. Aurelian however never reached Asia Minor. He was assassinated by officers of the Praetorian guard who had been tricked by one of the emperor's secretaries into believing Aurelius had ordered their executions. Zosimus tells us the secretary's name was Eros, and that he feared punishment because he had told a lie on a minor issue. Thus perished one of the most competent and promising emperors of the age.
Lot 806
Zenobia Æ Antoninianus. Antioch, March-May AD 272. S ZENOBIA AVG, draped bust right, set on crescent / IVNO REGINA, Juno standing facing, looking left, holding patera and sceptre; at feet left, a peacock; star in left field. RIC 2 corr. (no star); Carson, Q. Tic VII, 1978, 4; BN 1267a. 3.79g, 20mm, 12h. Near Extremely Fine. Very Rare. The wife of the ruler of Palmyra, Septimia Zenobia came to power as regent for her son Septimius Vabalathus in AD 267 after the murder of her husband Septimius Odenathus, who had been entrusted with the defence of the Roman provinces in the east by the Emperor Gallienus. A strong character and very ambitious, Zenobia expanded her sphere of influence through the capture of the province of Egypt and the expulsion of the Roman prefect Tenagino Probus and his forces in 269, a campaign aided in its success in part due to the turmoil inside the Roman Empire after the death of Gallienus. The Roman east remained under the control of the kingdom of Palmyra under the subsequent emperors Claudius II and Quintillus, and when Aurelian came to power in 270 he pragmatically chose to acknowledge Zenobia and Vabalathus in order to allow himself time to first deal with various barbaric incursions and usurpers. Though the mint for the rare portrait coins of Zenobia has long been a topic of debate, it is generally agreed now that they were struck in Syria, most likely at Emesa or Antioch, both Roman mints that were taken by Zenobia during her advance into Roman territory and expansion of her empire. The imperial title Augusta is proudly displayed on her coinage, but Zenobia's power was not to last. Having subdued the uprisings in the west, Aurelian marched on her with an army. Their forces met outside Antioch, resulting in a battle that routed Zenobia's army, which fled to Emesa. Zenobia and her son attempted to escape through the desert with the help of the Sassanid Persians, but were captured by Aurelian's horsemen and subsequently taken to Rome to be displayed during the emperor's triumphant return to the city.
Lot 807
Probus Silvered Æ Antoninianus. Rome, AD 276. IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate bust left, wearing imperial mantle and holding eagle-tipped sceptre / SOLI INVICTO, Sol standing facing in spread quadriga, raising hand and holding globe and whip; RB below. RIC 204; Pink VI/1 p. 55. 4.34g, 22mm, 5h. Good Extremely Fine. Exceptionally well preserved. From the Mark Gibbons Collection.
Lot 810
Numerian AV Aureus. Rome, AD 284. IMP NVMERIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Hercules standing to right, leaning on club with his left hand and resting his left on his hip. Biaggi -; Calicó 4332-33; C. 100; RIC 407. 4.66g, 21mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare. The great rarity of this coin is in large part due to the brevity of Numerian’s reign. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube in Raetia and Noricum rebelled and proclaimed the praetorian prefect Marcus Aurelius Carus emperor in opposition to Probus. Probus’ army, stationed in Sirmium, decided they did not wish to fight Carus and assassinated Probus instead. Carus, already sixty, immediately elevated his sons Carinus and Numerian to the rank of Caesar. In 283 Carus determined to take advantage of a succession crisis within the Sassanid empire, and marched east at the head of an army along with Numerian, while Carinus was left in charge in the West. The invasion met with great success, and the army was able to make huge incursions into Persian lands, and even capture the capital Ctesiphon. The campaign came to a premature end when Carus died suddenly (according to some sources, from a lightning strike). Numerian made an orderly retreat from Persia, and subsequently died in mysterious circumstances during the journey west. Amid rumours of murder, the prefect Aper was executed by the man who went on to become emperor. Diocletian, previously an officer under Carus, was acclaimed by the army and proceeded to continue the march west, meeting Carinus’ army in battle in Moesia and emerging as victor and emperor. The reverse of this stunning aureus typifies the propagandist nature of Roman coinage, and bestows on Numerian the quality of ‘virtus’, which encompassed valour, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth - the necessary attributes of a Roman and especially of an emperor. Coupled with the standing figure of Hercules, with his usual attributes of club and lion’s skin, this reverse references the military victories that Numerian and Carus achieved in the east and likens them to the completion of Hercules’ labours.
Lot 811
Diocletian AV Aureus. Antioch, AD 284-286. IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre, O at his feet; SMA in exergue. C. 272; RIC 316; Depeyrot 1/1; Calicó 4515a. 4.27g, 21mm, 6h. Heavy brush marks in fields, otherwise Good Extremely Fine.
Lot 824
Licinius I AV Aureus. Nicomedia, AD 321-322. LICINIVS AVG OB D V FILII SVI, bareheaded, draped and cuirassed bust facing / IOVI CONS LICINI AVG, Jupiter seated facing enthroned on platform, holding Victory on globe in right hand and sceptre in left; eagle with wreath in beak in left field; SIC X SIC XX in two lines on platform, SMN? in exergue. RIC 41; C. 128 var.; Calicó 5094; Alföldi 262; Jameson 477; Depeyrot 31/1. 5.30g, 21mm, 12h. Scattered marks, scuff on obverse, otherwise Good Extremely Fine.
Lot 829
Constantine I AV Solidus. Nicomedia, AD 335. CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA CONSTANTINI AVG, Victory seated to right on cuirass, inscribing VOT XXX on shield supported by winged Genius; SMNC in exergue. RIC 178; Depeyrot 44/2. 4.39g, 21mm, 6h. Near Extremely Fine. Rare.
Lot 832
Constantine II AV Solidus. Siscia, AD 337-340. CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laurel and rosette diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA CONSTANTINI AVG, Victory standing to right, holding shield inscribed VOT XXX, foot on captive seated before; •SIS• in exergue. RIC 4. 4.40g, 22mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare, no examples on CoinArchives. Constantine II had a brief and somewhat wretched reign. When his father Constantine I 'the Great' died in AD 337 he became senior Augustus, ruling jointly with his brothers Constans and Constantius II. Possessed of a milder temper than his younger siblings, at the meeting at Sirmium in Pannonia where the empire was divided between the three, Constans and Constantius managed to trump Constantine by handing him only Britannia, Gaul and Hispania, a poor share of the empire for the senior Augustus. An uneasy peace characterised the years after the division of the empire, with Constantine having some control over the lands of his brother Constans as he was his guardian, and so feeling consoled in his position. However, after the death of Hannibalianus and the division of the lands under his control between Constans and Constantius, trouble flared: Constantine demanded that Constans hand over the provinces of Africa to recompense his elder brother for the gains he had made in Thrace and Macedonia. Growing increasingly bitter, and after further infighting over the borders of certain African provinces controlled by Carthage had occured, in 340 Constantine launched an unsuccessful invasion of Italy. The 24-year old emperor was killed in battle, and disgraced by being flung into a river by Constans’ men. Probably struck early in his reign, this particularly rare solidus uses a reverse type of his father's. At the time of his death, Constantine I had recently celebrated thirty years as emperor, and Constantine II twenty years as Caesar. The elder Constantine had also successfully reconquered Dacia by 336, a province relinquished under Aurelian sixty years before.
Lot 833
Constans AV Multiple of 1 1/2 Solidi. Siscia, AD 337. FL IVL CONSTANS PF AVG, rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS CONSTANTIS AVG, Constans in military attire standing to left, holding labarum and reversed spear; at his feet, a seated captive with hands tied behind; SIS* in exergue. Depeyrot -; Bastien, Donativa -; Toynbee -; Gnecchi -; RIC -, for types cf. Aquileia 3 = Paolucci - Zub, La monetazione di Aquileia romana, Padova 200, 365. 6.81g, 27mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. Apparently unique and unpublished. This unique and impressive gold multiple belongs to the period immediately following the assumption of the Augustate by Constantine II, Constantius and Constans following the death of their father Constantine I. Constantine had died on 22 May 337 and was buried consecrated in the church of the Holy Apostles in what was, according to Eusebius, essentially a Roman military funeral. There was, of course, no precedent for burying a Christian emperor. The all important army was induced to accept the authority only of the dead emperor's sons; by the summer all the descendants of Theodora and their partisans were massacred and bloody purges of all potential rivals continued well into 338. The singular legend on the reverse of this coin expresses Constantinian 'constant' valour and heroism, qualities that an heir of Constantine would have been very keen to emphasize. The realistic 'Constantinian' style of the portrait engraved by a very competent die cutter used to reproducing the image of Constantine furthermore argues for this being a donative issue to be dated early in the reign of the three Augusti as part of the payments so necessary to secure the loyalty of the army, the backbone of the regime and the ultimate source of power for all Roman emperors.
Lot 836
Constans AV Solidus. Trier, AD 342-344. FL IVL CONSTANS PF AVG, laurel and rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / OB VICTORIAM TRIVMFALEM, two Victories standing facing one another, holding between themselves a wreath inscribed VOT X MVLT XV in four lines; TR in exergue. RIC 124; Depeyrot 4/4; DOC 73; Cohen 88. 3.98g, 21mm, 6h. Extremely Fine.
Lot 837
Constans AR Siliqua. Siscia, AD 340-350. FL IVL CONSTANS PF AVG, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGVSTORVM, Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm frond; SIS (pellet-in-crescent) in exergue. RIC 163; RSC 316†. 3.22g, 20mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine, attractively toned.
Lot 839
Constantius II AV Solidus. Trier, AD 347-348. CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIAE DD NN AVGG, two Victories standing facing holding between them a wreath inscribed VOT XX MVLT XXX in four lines; TR in exergue. RIC VIII 132; Depeyrot 6/1. 4.45g, 23mm, 6h. Near Mint State.
Lot 840
Constantius II AV Solidus. Cyzicus, AD 347-361. FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PERP AVG, pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear over shoulder and round shield decorated with cavalryman motif / GLORIA REIPVBLICAE, Roma and Constantinopolis seated on thrones facing one another, holding between them shield inscribed VOT XXX MVLT XXXX in four lines; SMK in exergue. RIC 39. 4.52g, 21mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. Very Rare.
Lot 843
Constantius II AV Solidus. Antioch, AD 347-355. FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PERP AVG, diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / GLORIA REIPVBLICAE, Roma and Constantinopolis seated facing, the latter with foot on prow, holding between them a shield inscribed VOT XX MVLT XXX in four lines; SMANS in exergue. RIC 86. 4.42g, 21mm, 5h. Extremely Fine, scrape on reverse.
Lot 846
Vetranio BI Centenionalis. Siscia, AD 350. DN VETRA NIO PF AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; A to left / CONCORDIA MILITVM, Vetranio, in military attire, standing left, holding a labarum, ornamented with a Christogram, in each hand; A in left field, •?SIS* in exergue. RIC 281; LRBC 1168; Hunter –. 5.58g, 23mm, 12h. Extremely Fine. Near complete original silvering.
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