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Lot 3045

British Coins and Medals, James II, five guineas, 1687, TERTIO, first laur. bust l., rev. crowned cruciform shields, sceptres in angles (S.3397), cleaned and has probably been in a mount but edge lettering still legible, good very fine

Lot 3144

Foreign Coins and Medals, India, Victoria, Royal Mint patterns: ¼ anna; ½ pice; 1/12 anna, 1861, crowned bust l., rev. value, country and date within floral border (KM.467/466/465; S&W.4.160/4.174/4.182), certified and graded by NGC as Proof 63 Brown; Proof 58 Brown and Proof 62 Brown respectively (3)

Lot 3132

Foreign Coins and Medals, China/Germany, Li Huang Chang (1823–1901), official visit to Hamburg, silvered-bronze medal, 1896, facing bust wearing large hat, legend in Chinese around, rev. LI HUNG CHANG – BESUCH HAMBURG IM JUNI 1896, arms of Hamburg with lion supporters, 40mm. (L&M.935; Wurz.5175), certified and graded by NGC as Mint State 64 Li Huang Chang (Li Hongzhang) a Chinese politician, general and diplomat, served in important positions in the Qing imperial court. His military mistakes included support of Russia against the Japanese, but he was praised for his success in quelling the Taiping Rebellion. He was very much a pioneer of China’s military and industrial modernisation. He toured Canada, the USA and the West in 1896, attending the coronation of Nicholas II, and in England attended the Royal Naval Fleet Review at Spithead. His efforts in resolving the Boxer Rebellion proved to be his final diplomatic mission.

Lot 3009

Islamic Coins, Arab Sasanian, Khusraw II type, silver drachm, Dimashq, 73h, Sasanian bust type with Pahlavi legends, rev. fire altar and attendants with mint to the l. and the date to the r. in Arabic, wt. 3.77gms. (Walker p. 23: NI; SICA 1.279; Eshragh 139; A.D6), fully struck up on obverse and reverse, extremely fine and extremely rare

Lot 3025

British Coins and Medals, Anglo Saxon, pale gold phase, c. 650-675, pale gold thrymsa, Two Emperors type (Type II, T.v), diademed bust r., crude legend around, rev. two small busts facing, holding two orbs between them, above, Victory with wings enfolding the figures (S.767; N.20; Sutherland 31-44, SCBI.63, no 30), about extremely fine, of the highest gold content, very rare Found in Kent (PAS reported).

Lot 3088

G British Coins and Medals, Victoria, proof two pounds; sovereign; half sovereign, 1887, ‘Jubilee’ bust l., rev. St. George and the dragon/crowned shield of arms (S.3864/65/66B/69), all certified and graded by PCGS as Proof 62 Deep Cameo, Proof 63 Deep Cameo and Proof 62 respectively (3)

Lot 3043

British Coins and Medals, Charles II, two guineas, 1664, first laur. bust r., elephant below, rev. crowned cruciform shields, sceptres in angles (S.3334), certified and graded by NGC as About Uncirculated 55

Lot 3089

British Coins and Medals, Victoria, proof crown in pure silver, 1847, edge plain, ‘Gothic’ bust l., rev. crowned cruciform shields (S.3883; ESC.291A [R6]; Bull 2580), nearly as struck, a brilliant Proof with reflective surfaces showing scattered abrasions but almost none touching the portrait, with a blush of delicate pinkish gold toning Very little is known or has been recorded about this unusual piece, struck not in the standard silver alloy but in nearly pure silver, which surely accounts for the noted abrasions in a softer metal than was the norm: doubtless mistaken over the years for the usual Gothic issue, and consequently not well handled when being examined. In English Silver Coinage, Alan Rayner simply noted that it was made for presentation purposes, giving no other detail. But was it really? Was it more likely a trial striking made to test the alloy? The rarity rating of R6 suggests that only 3 or 4 pieces are known. If this was in fact made for VIPs, wouldn’t there be more? If a trial piece, that sounds about right. Lacking documents, we will likely never know for certain. Of course, the crown preceded the Gothic-style florin, first struck in 1851, bearing the obverse legend of the crown but with the date not moved to the reverse, as on the crown. And here we encounter a curious controversy that may, possibly, have begun with the legend used on the crown, where the national name in Latin is abbreviated just slightly, so as to fit the space. On the florin, this was further abbreviated to just ‘brit’ for 1851, then changed to ‘britt’ beginning in 1868. Again, space did not permit the name in full. But the first abbreviation used on the florin was technically incorrect, as C. E. Challis points out (A New History of the Royal Mint, page 511): ‘Wyon had had to proceed under the watchful supervision of the queen and the prince consort, and visits to Osborne and Buckingham Palace had been necessary before the queen gave her approval. On one point there was later public controversy: the doubling of the T of BRITT in the inscription on the obverse. Here the classical scholarship of the chancellor himself had saved the Mint from error, but lesser minds failed to understand the application of the Latin rule that the final consonant of an abbreviation should be doubled when necessary to indicate the plural.’ Victoria’s bronzes first struck in 1860 all use the proper BRITT abbreviation. The two versions appear only within the Gothic florin series, and the legends are perfectly proportional on the Gothic crowns, but at some time beginning in the late 1840s the ‘controversy’ briefly occurred. Was young Victoria part of it? Was Prince Albert? Both provided ‘watchful supervision’, Challis declared. Was this ‘pure silver’ Gothic crown one of the VIP pieces shown to the royal couple? Was it a trial piece specially minted in pure silver for their inspection? Could it be that Victoria herself held this very coin, upon which her approval rested? After all, she was the ultimate VIP.

Lot 3150

Foreign Coins and Medals, Italy, Milan, Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1466-1476), gold ducat, undated, cuirassed bust r. rev. helmeted arms, dividing the letters GZ and M, wt. 3.51gms. (Crippa 3; Mor 4; Fr.688), a fine Renaissance portrait, minor scratches in reverse field, otherwise good very fine and rare

Lot 3143

G Foreign Coins and Medals, India, Victoria, mohur, 1862(c), Calcutta, crowned bust l., rev. value, country and date within border of scrolling foliage (KM.480; Fr.1598), extremely fine or better

Lot 3042

British Coins and Medals, Charles II, two guineas, 1664, first laur. bust r., rev. crowned cruciform shields, sceptres in angles (S.3333), certified and graded by PCGS as Extremely Fine 45 *ex St. James’s Auction 37, 27 June 2016, lot 43 The variety without the elephant below the bust is exceedingly rare

Lot 3151

Foreign Coins and Medals, Italy, Papal States, Giulio III (1550-1555), gold ducat, dated year 3, arms, rev. draped bust of Christ, wt. 3.40gms. (Munt.4; Berman 984; Fr.69), slightly irregular edge, otherwise well-struck, extremely fine and with a fine portrait of Christ, rare

Lot 3134

G Foreign Coins and Medals, Cyprus, Republic, medallic five pounds, 1966, bust of archbishop Makarios l., rev. crowned, double-headed eagle (KM.XM5.1; Fr.6a), certified and graded by PCGS as Proof 65

Lot 3109

Irish Coins, Ireland, George II, proof farthing, 1737, struck in silver, laureate bust l., reads GEORGIUS, rev. crowned harp, date below (S.6608; D&F.559), a hint of double-striking on reverse with ghosted numerals to date, good extremely fine, steel grey tone, extremely rare With old dealer’s ticket.

Lot 3107

Irish Coins, Ireland, James II, Civil War Coinage, ‘gunmoney’ silver proof shilling, May 1690, laur. bust l., rev. crown on crossed sceptres (S.6582DDD), good very fine and extremely rare

Lot 3041

British Coins and Medals, Charles II, five guineas, 1684, T. SEXTO, second laur. bust r., rev. crowned cruciform shields, sceptres in angles (S.3331), lightly scuffed, almost very fine

Lot 281

Arnoldo Giannelli bust of a woman in Medici collar, signed at base

Lot 496

Affortunato Gory (active 1895-1925) Bronze and alabaster bust of a girl modelled wearing a bonnet, signed A Gory to reverse and upon green marble pedestal, 33cm high

Lot 269

An early 18th century gilt-metal fob seal depicting the bust of John Wesley with three wax pulls, various letters relating to the fob

Lot 617

BRITISH SCHOOL (Late XIX Century) Portrait of a Woman, bust length, oil on canvas, 40.5 x 30.5cm.

Lot 432

A Porcelain Tea Cup and Saucer, in memorium of George III, January 29th 1820, printed in black with a tomb above a laurel wreath; A Two-Handled Vase, decorated with a portrait bust of Prince Albert; A Sunderland Lustre Tea Cup and Saucer, in memorium of Princess Charlotte; A Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee Plate, and four other pieces of commemorative wares. (10)

Lot 724

A Reproduction Sculptures Art Studio Marble Bust "The Veiled Lady", after a Copeland original designed by Raphaelle Monti, upon a circular socle base, impressed marks and medallion to the base, 36cm high.

Lot 430

A Pearlware Pottery Plate, possibly Leeds pottery, printed in black with bust portraits of George IV and Charlotte and inscribed "A King Revered, a Queen Beloved, Long May They Live", with a geometric and floral border, 20cm diameter; A French Pottery Plate, printed in black with Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at the opening of the Great Exhibition, 1851, 21cm diameter. (2)

Lot 1359

A JAPANESE CARVED IVORY SEAL HANDLE OF A RAT WITH A CRAB BITING IT'S TAIL, WHITE METAL MOUNT WITH INITIALS H.9cms TOGETHER WITH AN EARLY IVORY TRIBAL EFFIGY PORTRAIT BUST.

Lot 1563

ERNEST RANCOULET (1870-1915) A GILT AND PATINATED BRONZE BUST OF A YOUNG MAN IN RENAISSANCE COSTUME, SIGNED. H.69cms.

Lot 1564

HIRAM POWERS (1805-1915) PERSEPHONE (PROSERPINE) A SIGNED MARBLE BUST. H.62cms.

Lot 1006

HENRYK GOTLIB (1890-1966) BUST OF A GIRL WATERCOLOUR 35.5 x 25.5cms AND ANOTHER OF WHITE OXEN BY THE SAME HAND.

Lot 1339

ARTHUR BARNEY SEALE (ARR) A VERDIGRIS PATINATED BRONZE PORTRAIT BUST OF AUGUSTUS JOHN WITH BLACK TAPERED FORM SLATE PLINTH BASE. H.30cms. (OVERALL)

Lot 2154

A TERRACOTTA POTTERY WALL MASK AND A PLASTER BUST.

Lot 12

A Parian ware female bust, 29.5 cm high, and other assorted Parian ware items, some damages (qty)

Lot 409

A small bronze bust of a cavalier, a seal, and a box (3)

Lot 81

A Vienna style porcelain jar and cover, the cover decorated a bust portrait of a lady, 12 cm wide

Lot 342

An oval bust portrait miniature, of a gentleman, 5 x 4 cm, other miniatures, a pair of seascapes, other pictures, books, first day covers, metalwares, a Zsolnay figure, and other items (qty)

Lot 45

A Flesh Pots Hollywood Greats bust, Elvis Presley, designed by Morris Rushton, 26 cm high

Lot 177

A marble bust, of a laughing boy, broken and restored, 29 cm wide

Lot 23

A pottery bust of a young lady, 24 cm high

Lot 29

A 19th century Worcester cup and saucer, decorated doves and blossoming branches, a Parian ware bust, a Caithness paperweight, Staffordshire figures and other ceramics (box)

Lot 292

An oval bust portrait miniature, of a lady, 7.5 x 6 cm, other miniatures, a geometry set, a key, and other items (box)

Lot 113

A 20th century plaster study bust of a young lady being raised onto square plinth wooden ebonised base ( unsigned )

Lot 58

An unusual mid century Industrial French bust / coach seat being raised on a tubular metal ebonised frame with good faux leather overstuffed seat and back rest with ribbed design

Lot 184

A good early 20th century plaster study bust of a distinguished gentleman being raised onto square plinth wooden ebonised base ( unsigned ) 

Lot 201

Colombia P 392ds El Banco de la Republica 20 Pesos Oro 1 January 1951 SPECIMEN. Bust of Caldas at left bust of Bolivar at right on front. Head of Liberty at center on back. Diagonal red overprint SPECIMEN on front. Punched cancelled. # Serie DD 00000. UNC

Lot 787

Caracalla Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 215. M AVREL ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / P M TR P XVIII [IMP III] COS IIII P P, Isis standing right, holding sistrum and presenting grain ears to Caracalla standing left, holding reversed spear, foot on crocodile between. BMCRE 287; C. 334; RIC 544. 18.25g, 31mm, 7h. Near Mint State. Ex E. P. Nicolas Collection, Maison Platt, 9-10 March 1982, lot 597. This type records the infamous visit of Caracalla to Alexandria, the capital of the province of Egypt. Since the conclusion of his campaign against the Alamanni in 213-4, it had become apparent that the emperor was unhealthily obsessed with the great Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great. At this point he appears to have begun openly emulating Alexander in his personal style. Indeed, Cassius Dio (78.7-78.23) relates that “he was so enthusiastic about Alexander that he used certain weapons and cups which he believed had once been his, and he also set up many likenesses of him both in the camps and in Rome itself. He organised a phalanx, composed entirely of Macedonians, sixteen thousand strong, named it ‘Alexander's phalanx’, and equipped it with the arms that warriors had used in his day.” Caracalla’s visit in 215 to Alexandria while on his way east should then have been a happy occasion. However the emperor, “hearing that he was ill-spoken of and ridiculed by them for various reasons, not the least of which was the murder of his brother... concealing his wrath and pretending that he longed to see them... first greeted [the leading citizens] cordially... and then put them to death. Then, having arrayed his whole army, he marched into the city, after first notifying all the inhabitants to remain at home and after occupying all the streets and all the roofs as well. And, to pass over the details of the calamities that then befell the wretched city, he slaughtered so many persons that he did not even venture to say anything about their number, but wrote to the senate that it was of no interest how many of them or who had died, since all had deserved to suffer this fate.”

Lot 756

Marcus Aurelius AV Aureus. Rome, December AD 166-167. M ANTONINVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / TR P XXI IMP IIII COS III, Victory advancing left, holding wreath in right hand and palm branch over left shoulder. RIC 174; C. 883; Calicó 1995. 7.31g, 21mm, 12h. Fleur De Coin. Despite later tendencies to view the reign of Marcus Aurelius as a golden age of peace and prosperity, in truth it was neither of these things. The years prior to the striking of this coinage had witnessed a successful invasion of Parthian territory that ensured peace with Parthia for many years, but the returning legionaries brought with them a terrible disease that would come to be known as the Antonine Plague, or the Plague of Galen, which may have been either smallpox or measles. This epidemic may have claimed the life of Lucius Verus, and lasted for some fifteen years. In all, some five million Romans are believed to have died from the plague, with the historian Cassius Dio recording that it had a mortality rate of about one in four, and at its height it caused up to two thousand deaths a day in Rome. As much as a third of the population of some areas was wiped out, and the Roman army too was severely depleted by the plague. In 166 the Lombards invaded Pannonia, and though they were swiftly defeated, Dacia too was invaded, and conflict erupted on the Danube frontier with the Marcomanni tribe. 167, the year this coin was struck, saw the Marcomanni incursion win a decisive victory over a Roman army of 20,000 at Carnuntum. They proceeded to raze Opitergium and besiege Aquileia, destroying aqueducts and irrigation conduits and routing a Roman relief army; the Pax Romana that had lasted since the days of Augustus had come to an abrupt end. Vandals and Sarmatians continued their attacks against the province of Dacia, and the Costoboci invaded Moesia, Macedonia and Greece, sacking the sanctuary of Eleusis near Athens. Though the invaders would ultimately all be repulsed through Marcus Aurelius’ efforts, the Romans suffered at least two serious defeats and the empire, already ravaged by the plague, was now severely weakened. On the coinage, the victory types of previous years were repeated in 167, but it would take the rest of Marcus Aurelius’ life and near-constant military campaigning to re-establish a measure of stability on the empire’s Germanic frontiers.

Lot 685

Nero Æ As. Rome, AD 64. NERO CLAVD CAESAR AVG GER P M TR P IMP P P, laureate bust right / GENIO AVGVSTI, Genius standing left holding cornucopiae and patera; altar before, S-C across fields, T in exergue. RIC 214; C. 107. 8.00g, 25mm, 6h. Good Very Fine. Lovely 'tiber' tone.

Lot 750

Marcus Aurelius, as Caesar, AV Aureus. Struck under Antoninus Pius. Rome, AD 146-147. AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG PII F, bare-headed and draped bust right / TR POT COS II, Minerva standing right, holding spear in right hand, left hand on shield set on ground. RIC 435a (Pius); Strack 170; Calicó 1923; BMCRE 613 (Pius). 7.11g, 20mm, 6h. Good Very Fine. Rare; only three examples in CoinArchives.

Lot 476

Cn. Lentulus AR Denarius. Spanish (?) mint, 76-75 BC. Diademed and draped bust of Genius Populi Romani right, with sceptre over shoulder; G•P•R above / Sceptre topped with wreath, globe and rudder; EX to left, S•C to right, CN•LEN•Q in exergue. Crawford 393/1a; RSC Cornelia 54. 3.85g, 19mm, 7h. Near Mint State. High relief with golden highlights. Ex Gorny & Mosch 228, 9 March 2015, lot 406; Purchased from Numismatica Varesi, December 1989.

Lot 386

Indo-Greek Kingdom, Philoxenos Aniketos AR Tetradrachm. Circa 125-110 BC. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANIKHTOY ΦΙΛOΞENOY, diademed heroic bust left, seen from behind, aegis on shoulder and brandishing spear with right hand / 'Maharajasa apadihatasa Philasinasa' in Kharosthi, Philoxenos, in military attire, on horse rearing right; Σ and monogram to lower right. Bopearachchi 7A; SNG ANS 1197. 9.76g, 26mm, 1h. Good Very Fine. Extremely Rare; the rarest of Philoxenos’ bust types and and perhaps the finest known in terms of surface quality.

Lot 481

M. Plaetorius M. f. Cestianus AR Denarius. Rome, 69 BC. Bust of Ceres right, hair gathered in net; jug behind / Winged caduceus; M•PLAETORI downwards to right; CEST•EX•S•C downwards to left. Crawford 405/3b; RSC Plaetoria 6. 3.92g, 18mm, 5h. Good Very Fine. Scarce. Ex José Manso Pinheiro Collection, ANP 133, May 2014, lot 25.

Lot 810

Constantius II AV Solidus. Thessalonica, AD 337-340. FL IVL CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA DD NN AVGG, Victory advancing left, holding trophy in right hand and palm branch in left; TES in exergue. RIC 26; C. 261; Depeyrot 4/2 (misdescribed). 4.70g, 21mm, 5h. Near Mint State.

Lot 652

Octavian AR Denarius. Italian mint (Rome?), autumn 30 - summer 29 BC. Laureate bust of Octavian right, as Jupiter Terminus; thunderbolt behind / Octavian seated left on curule chair, togate and holding Victory in right hand; IMP CAESAR across fields. RIC 270; CRI 427; RSC 116. 3.93g, 21mm, 2h. Near Mint State. Struck on a flan of sound, lustrous metal. Among the finest known examples of this beautiful type.

Lot 381

Indo-Greek Kingdom, Strato I Soter AR Tetradrachm. Circa 105-85/0 BC. BAΣIΛEΩΣ EΠIΦANOYΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ ΣTPATΩNOΣ, helmeted, draped and cuirassed bust right, wearing crested helmet adorned with bull’s horn and ear / ‘Maharajasa pracachasa dhramikasa Stratasa’ in Kharosthi, Athena Alkidemos advancing left, brandishing thunderbolt and aegis; monogram to right. Bopearachchi 28A; HGC 12, 335. 9.69g, 25mm, 12h. Extremely Fine. Exceptional condition for the issue. Extremely Rare.

Lot 752

Marcus Aurelius, as Caesar, AV Aureus. Struck under Antoninus Pius. Rome, AD 147-148. AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG PII F, bare-headed and draped bust right / TR POT II COS II, Fides standing facing, head right, holding grain ears and plate of fruits.RIC 440b (Pius); C. 610; BMCRE 641; Calicó 1926. 7.04g, 20mm, 6h. Very Fine.

Lot 869

Maurice Tiberius AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 583-602. D N MAVRC TIb P P AV, helmeted, draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger / VICTORIA AVGG H, angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by staurogram and globus cruciger; CONOB in exergue. DOC 5h; MIBE 6; Sear 478. 4.37g, 23mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine.

Lot 709

Domitian Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 85. IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XI CENS PER P P, laureate bust right, wearing aegis / Domitian standing right, clasping hands over altar with officer standing left; behind officer, one soldier with standard, and one soldier at right with spear and shield;SC in exergue. RIC 402; C -; BMCRE -; Peus 371, 369. 26.81g, 37mm, 6h. Very Fine. Extremely Rare.

Lot 825

Valens AR Siliqua. Siscia, AD 375-378. D N VALENS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VOT XV MVLT XX in four lines; all within wreath with jewel at apex, SISCPS in exergue. RIC 19a.1; RSC 98c. 2.08g, 18mm, 6h. Good Very Fine.

Lot 874

Constantine IV AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 681-685. P CONSƮANVS P P A, helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear and shield / VICTORA AVGV E, cross potent on three steps, CONOBA in exergue. DOC 15; MIB 11; Sear 1158. 4.32g, 19mm, 6h. Mint State.

Lot 841

Aelia Pulcheria AV Tremissis. Constantinople, AD 414-420. AEL PVLCHERIA AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / Latin cross pattée within wreath with jewel at apex; CONOB* in exergue. RIC 214; Depeyrot 72/4. 1.50g, 14mm, 6h. Fleur De Coin. Rare.

Lot 544

Julius Caesar AR Denarius. Military mint travelling with Caesar in Spain, 46-45 BC. Draped bust of Venus left, wearing stephane; small Cupid at point of bust; lituus to left, sceptre to right / Trophy of Gallic arms, holding a shield and carnyx in each hand; on left, kneeling bearded male captive left, looking right; on right, seated female captive right, resting head in hand; CAESAR in exergue. Crawford 468/2; CRI 59; RSC 14. 4.02g, 20mm, 5h. Extremely Fine. Attractive light tone.

Lot 329

Parthia(?), 'Athenian Series' AR Tetradrachm. Ekbatana(?), circa 246/5-239/8 BC. Attic standard. Head of Athena right, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet decorated with three olive leaves over visor and a spiral palmette on the bowl; monogram of Andragoras(?) behind / Owl standing right, head facing; prow behind, AΘE before. Bopearachchi, Sophytes Series 1A; SNG ANS -; H. Nicolet-Pierre / M. Amandry, “Un nouveau trésor de monnaies d’argent pseudo-Athéniennes venu d’Afghanistan”, RN 1994, 36-39; Mitchiner 13a = G.F. Hill, "Greek coins acquired by the British Museum in 1920," in NC 1921, 17. 16.75g, 25mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare; only two other examples on CoinArchives. The presence of this particular monogram on these issues of the ‘Athenian Series’ coinage is confounding. It is (with the occasional inclusion or omission of a central vertical line) precisely the same monogram that appears on all of the silver tetradrachms of Andragoras, as well as the gold staters (BMC Arabia, North East Persia 1) which have been variously attributed to either a Satrap appointed by Alexander in c.331 BC, or the Seleukid satrap who declared independence in 246/5 BC. The monogram has three possible explanations: firstly, the monogram could be an engraver’s signature; secondly, it could be a magistral mark, the monogram of a mint or treasury official; thirdly, it could be the monogram of the issuing authority, i.e. the satrap. If indeed as we have proposed above there was only the one Andragoras, and that his silver and gold coinage is related, it is equally possible that the monogram could belong to engraver, official or satrap. However, examining the monogram itself, one can easily read ‘ANΔPAΓOPAΣ’, whether the central vertical line is present or not. The implications, if this is indeed correct, are significant. It may require the reconsideration of the attribution of at least part of the ‘Athenian Series’ and ‘Eagle Series’ coinage from Sophytes to Andragoras and therefore the Ekbatana mint. The matter is not so simple though, since the ‘MNA’ mark that appears on some other ‘Athenian Series’ coins also appears on the bust truncation of the helmeted coins of Sophytes. Additionally, there are other monograms and marks which cannot be tied to either Andragoras or Sophytes. One possible answer to this puzzle is that the ‘Athenian Series’ was not all struck at a single ‘uncertain mint in the Oxus region’, and that Athenian imitations were being produced at various satrapal minting facilities in the region for the purpose of local commerce, each utilising a different control mark or set of controls. Nicolet-Pierre and Amandry also reached the same tentative conclusion (see N&A p.40). We will not presume to attempt to solve a century old mystery in the few hours available to us - this must be left to others with more time - however in this cataloguer’s opinion the links between the ‘Athenian Series’ and the coinage of both Andragoras and Sophytes cannot be ignored, and for the time being we have elected to re-attribute part of the ‘Athenian Series’ and ‘Eagle Series’ to the mint under Andragoras’ control, since the same monogram can be found across those series.

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