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Click here to subscribeValentinian I AV Solidus. Lugdunum, AD 364-367. D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, Emperor standing facing, head right, holding Victory on globe and labarum; SMLVG• in exergue. Bastien 24; Depeyrot 11/1; RIC 1a. 4.57g, 21mm, 7h. Extremely Fine. Contact mark on obv. cheek.
Anastasius I AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 492-507. D N ANASTASIVS PERP AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust facing, holding shield with horseman device on left shoulder; spear in right hand over shoulder / VICTORIA AVGGG, Victory standing to left, holding long cross; star in right field, CONOB in exergue. Sear 3. 4.47g, 20mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. Rare obverse legend and unusually lacking an officina letter on the reverse.
Arcadius AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 388-392. D N ARCADIVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIA AVGGG I, Constantinopolis, turreted, seated facing, head right, holding sceptre and shield inscribed VOT V MVL X; CONOB in exergue. RIC 70c.6; Depeyrot 46/3. 4.46g, 20mm, 5h. Near Mint State.
Septimius Severus AR Tetradrachm of Laodicea ad Mare, Syria. AD 207-208. AYT KAI CEOYHPOC CE, laureate and draped bust right / ΔHMAPX EΞ VPATOCΓ, eagle standing facing, head left, holding beak in wreath, star between legs. Prieur 1140. 13.59g, 26mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine. Beautifully toned.
Phocas AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 602-610. dN N FOCAS PERP AVI, draped and cuirassed facing bust, wearing crown without pendilia, holding globus cruciger / VICTORIA AVGV E, angel standing facing, holding staff surmounted by staurogram and globus cruciger; CONOB in exergue. MIBE 9; DOC 10; Sear 620. 4.44g, 20mm, 7h. As Struck and Uncirculated. Untouched fields of incredible lustre.
Indo-Greek Kingdom, Philoxenos AR Tetradrachm. Circa 125-110 BC. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANIKHTOY ΦΙΛOΞENOY, diademed heroic bust left, seen from behind, wearing crested helmet covered with pelt of scales and adorned with head of Gorgon and wing, aegis on shoulder and brandishing spear with right hand / 'Maharajasa apadihatasa Philasinasa' in Kharosthi, Philoxenos, in military attire, on horse rearing right; Σ and monogram to upper left. Mitchiner 343c; Bopearachchi 9C; SNG ANS 1198. 9.81g, 25mm, 11h. Good Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare, and of exceptional metal quality for the type. The present type is something of an exciting anomaly within the Indo-Greek series. Although the use of an aegis as part of the king's raiments is a well known element on the Indo-Greek series, it is most unusual to find the helmet itself similarly decorated with the elements of an aegis. It is shown covered with a pelt of scales, set with the head of the Gorgon, with a wing to the side. This is a notable departure from the usual bull's horn decoration, a custom that went back to Eukratides I (circa 171-145 BC). For the use of these elements in denoting the aegis in Classical and Hellenistic art, see the late fifth century BC Athena Lemnia of Pheidias, the first century BC Alexander Mosaic, and the first century AD Blacas Cameo.
Maximus, as Caesar, Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 236. C IVL VERVS MAXIMVS CAES, bare-headed and draped bust right / PRINCEPS IVVENTVTIS, Maximus in military dress standing left, holding wand, two legionary signa to right; S-C across fields. RIC 9. 18.25g, 30mm, 1h. Extremely Fine. Attractive dark patina. Ex Wayne C. Phillips Collection of Roman Sestertii; Ex CNG Mail Bid Sale 84, 5 May 2010, lot 1182.
Caracalla AR Denarius. Rome, AD 201-213. ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate bust right / MARTI PACATORI, Mars, helmeted, standing facing, his head turned to left, holding branch in his right hand, spear and shield set on ground with his left. RIC 222; BMC 81; C. 149. 3.43g, 18mm, 6h. Extremely Fine.
Septimius Severus AR Denarius. Rome, AD 202-210. SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate bust right / LAETITIA TEMPORVM, the spina of the Circus Maximus decorated as a ship facing left, with the turning posts at its prow and stern, a sail mounted on the central obelisk, and the spina's other monuments visible in between; above the ship, four quadrigas racing left; below, seven animals: an ostrich at left and a bear at right; between them a lion and a lioness chasing a wild ass and a panther attacking a bison. RIC 274; BMC 343. 3.43g, 20mm, 6h. Very Fine, attractive deep old cabinet tone. Very Rare. Ex Gemini Auction IV, 8 January 2008, lot 441; Ex CNG Mail Bid 73, 13 September 2006, lot 634; Ex Alexandre de Barros Ship Collection, CNG 47, 16 September 1998, lot 1776; Ex Classical Numismatic Review 23, January 1998, lot 89.
Honorius AV Solidus. Mediolanum, AD 394-395. D N HONORIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGGG, Emperor standing right, holding standard and Victory on globe, treading on captive seated left; M-D across fields, COMOB in exergue. Depeyrot 16/2; RIC IX 35c; cf. RIC X 1206a. 4.50g, 20mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine.
Q. Servilius Caepio (M. Junius) Brutus AR Denarius. Military mint travelling with Brutus in Asia Minor, 42 BC. Veiled and draped bust of Libertas right; L•SESTI PRO•Q around; P in left field / Tripod between sacrificial axe and simpulum, all within beaded border; Q•CAEPIO•BRVTVS•PRO COS around. Crawford 502/2; RSC Junia 37. 3.73g, 18mm, 12h. Extremely Fine.
Hadrian Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 134-138. HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P, laureate and draped bust right / RESTITVTORI HISPANIAE, Hadrian, togate, standing right, raising kneeling figure of Hispania, who holds a branch; rabbit between figures, SC in exergue. RIC 952. 25.16g, 32mm, 5h. Good Very Fine.
P. Licinius Crassus AR Denarius. Rome, 55 BC. Diademed, laureate and draped bust of Venus right, [S•C] behind / Female figure leading horse left with right hand, and holding spear in left; at her feet, cuirass and shield; P•CRASSVS•M•F around. Crawford 430/1; RSC Licinia 18. 4.07g, 20mm, 5h. Very Fine.
Thessaly, Larissa AR Trihemiobol. Plei..., magistrate. Circa 375 BC. Head of the nymph Larissa right, wearing pendant earring / Half length and bearded bust of Asklepios to right, drapery over his left shoulder and around his waist, his left hand raised and holding a plant or a bunch of herbs; [ΛΑΡΙ to right], ΠΛΕΙ to left. Unpublished, but see Nomos 4, 1138 (same dies). 1.16g, 12mm, 11h. Good Fine. Extremely Rare; apparently only the third, and arguably most complete example known. This extremely rare and enigmatic type can now, thanks to the present example, be shown to form part of the series issued by the magistrate Plei... in the first half of the fourth century BC.
Constans AR Siliqua. Thessalonica, AD 340-350. CONSTANS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA DD NN AVGG, Victory advancing left, holding wreath and trophy; TES in exergue. RIC 98. 3.39g, 21mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Ex The New York Sale XVII, 9 January 2008, lot 219; Ex F. Trau Collection, Gilhofer & Ranschburg and Hess, May 22-23, 1935, lot 4114.
Nero Æ Contorniate. Rome, late 4th century AD. IMP NERO CAESAR AVG P M X, laureate bust right / View of the Circus Maximus, with central spina and both metae; to the left of the central obelisk is a statue of Cybele on a lion and a two-columned structure for indicating the number of laps run, to the right is a statue of a leaping lion and an arch topped with three dolphins (there were actually seven); in the arena are four racing chariots, and a dog chasing a hare. Alföldi 230.1; Mittag Nero XVIII/145. 37.30g, 42mm, 12h. Near Very Fine. Suspension hole in flan plugged. Very Rare.
Caracalla AV Aureus. Laodicea ad Mare, AD 200. ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS, laureate and draped bust right / P MAX TR P III, Roma seated to left on round shield, holding Victory in her right hand and a reversed spear with her left. Biaggi 1187; BMC p. 295, 715; Calicó 2703; C. 182; RIC 342a; Sear 6727. 7.22g, 20mm, 11h. Extremely Fine. Very Rare. A charming early portrait of Caracalla, struck two years after his elevation to the rank of Augustus, the young emperor is seen here as a vision of youth. If one looks at the progression of the portraits throughout his reign, they become more sinister looking, starting off youthful and moving towards a more intense face with furrowed brow. Those later portrayals appear to have been highly accurate, and are confirmed by the historical sources, which are not kind to him. They universally describe him as an angry and savage character who was not well liked. Caracalla reigned jointly with his father Septimius Severus until the latter's death in AD 211 and subsequently shared a joint rule with his brother Geta. Despite the strong bond between their parents and Septimius’ attempt to forge a strong and close-knit imperial family, Caracalla and Geta were irretrievably at odds and incapable of working together. Contrary to the picture of the imperial family presented to the outside world, fragments of which can be seen on the coinage of Septimius, which shows a united family sharing the responsibilities of rule, the truth of the matter was that Julia Domna spent much of her time mediating in her sons’ conflicts – a prescient warning of the future. The depiction of Roma on the reverse of this rare aureus is consistent with other issues from the third century which were heavy with military depictions and religious themes, and it is a fittingly patriotic image with which to associate the young co-emperor. The implication of this type, struck while Caracalla was still only twelve, is that he is being carefully prepared by his father to one day take over the rule of the empire. Laodicea ad Mare, the mint of this particular coin, had pledged its allegiance to Septimius during the civil war, and thus the town was granted titles and privileges, including the establishment of a provincial mint striking gold and silver, of which the present piece is a fine example. It is also quite possible, given the output of gold at Laodicea in 198-202, that the gold used in the minting of this and other coins was sourced from the spoils of war Septimius collected in the course of his victorious Parthian campaign.
Constantius II AV Solidus. Nicomedia, AD 351-355. FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PERP AVG, pearl-diademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear over shoulder and shield decorated with horseman motif / GLORIA REIPVBLICAE, Roma, helmeted and draped, seated facing, holding spear in left hand, and Constantinopolis, turreted and draped, seated left, holding sceptre in left hand and resting right foot on prow; they support between them a shield inscribed VOT XXX MVLT XXXX in four lines; SMNT in exergue. RIC 74; Depeyrot 5/2. 4.55g, 21mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine; minor mark on obv. field.
Philip II AR Tetradrachm of Antioch, Seleucis and Pieria, Syria. AD 244-249. AYTOK K M IOYΛI ΦIΛIΠΠOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind / ΔHMAPX EΞOYCIAC YΠATOΔ, eagle standing left holding wreath in beak; ANTIOXIA SC in in two lines in exergue. Prieur 473; McAlee 1043. 13.37g, 26mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine.
Baktria, Indo-Greek Kingdom, Archebios Dikaios Nikephoros AR Tetradrachm. Circa 75-65 BC. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΔIKAIOY NIKHΦOPOY APXEBΙOY, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, wearing crested helmet covered with pelt of scales and adorned with head of Gorgon and wing / 'Maharajasa dhramikasa jayadharasa Akhebiyasa' in Kharosthi, Zeus standing facing, brandishing thunderbolt in raised right hand and cradling sceptre in left arm; monogram to left. Bopearachchi 4E; Bopearachchi & Rahman –; SNG ANS 1300. 9.72g, 26mm, 12h. Extremely Fine. Very rare with the helmet adorned with the Gorgon head and wing.
Q. Servilius Caepio (M. Junius) Brutus AR Denarius. Military mint travelling with Brutus and Cassius in western Asia Minor or northern Greece, late summer-autumn 42 BC. L. Plaetorius Cestianus, moneyer. Laureate, veiled and draped female bust right, wearing polos on top of her head; L•PLAET•CEST around / Sacrificial axe and simpulum; BRVTVS below. Crawford 508/2; CRI 214; RSC 2; Kestner 3780; BMCRR East 66-67. 3.88g, 19mm, 1h. Extremely Fine. Struck on a very broad flan. Light surface deposits. Rare. From the G.J.P. Collection, purchased c. 1920s.
Leo I AV Solidus. Constantinople, circa AD 465-466. D N LEO PERPET AVG, helmeted, pearl-diademed and cuirassed bust three quarters facing, holding spear over right shoulder and shield, decorated with horseman motif, on left arm / VICTORIA AVGGG B, Victory standing left, holding long jewelled cross; star in right field; CONOB in exergue. RIC 605; MIRB 3b; LRC 527; Depeyrot 93/1. 4.49g, 20mm, 5h. Fleur De Coin.
Antoninus Pius Æ Drachm of Alexandria, Egypt. Dated RY 15 = AD 151-152. AVT K T AIΛ AΔP ANTωNINOC CԐB ԐVC, laureate and draped bust left / Peristyle altar of Agathodaemon, with four columns and garlanded entablature; statue within, burning pyre above; LI-E across fields. Emmett 1449; Dattari (Savio) 2999-3000. 23.18g, 35mm, 11h. Good Very Fine.
Kingdom of Armenia, Tigranes II AR Tetradrachm. Antioch, 95-56 BC. Draped bust right, wearing Armenian tiara with five peaks and emblazoned with star between two eagles, bead and reel border / BAΣIΛEOΣ TIΓPANOY, Tyche of Antioch seated right on rock pile, holding palm frond; Θ to inner right; monogram to lower left; to lower right, river god Orontes swimming right; all within laurel wreath. CAA 34; AC 30. 15.71g, 27mm, 1h. Good Very Fine.
Elagabalus AR Denarius. Rome, AD 218-222. IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, horned and draped bust right / SACERD DEI SOLIS ELAGAB, Elagabalus standing right, sacrificing over lighted altar, holding patera and club; star in right field. RIC 131. 3.72g, 19mm, 1h. Extremely Fine. Old cabinet tone.
Leo I AV Solidus. Constantinople, circa AD 465-466. D N LEO PERPET AVG, helmeted, pearl-diademed and cuirassed bust three quarters facing, holding spear over right shoulder and shield, decorated with horseman motif, on left arm / VICTORIA AVGGG B, Victory standing left, holding long jewelled cross; star in right field; CONOB in exergue. RIC 605; MIRB 3b; LRC 527; Depeyrot 93/1. 4.49g, 20mm, 5h. Near Mint State.
Herennius Etruscus, as Caesar, Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 250-251. Q HER ETR MES DECIVS NOB C, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right / PIETAS AVGVSTORVM, sprinkler, simpulum, jug, patera, and lituus; SC in exergue. RIC 168a. 19.15g, 31mm, 1h. Extremely Fine. Pleasant patina. Ex Robert Schulman 291, 25 September 1990, lot 1162; Ex Hess-Leu 28, 5-6 May 1965, lot 495.
Constantine XI Palaeologus AR Stavraton. Constantinople, Siege of Constantinople, AD 1453. Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus cruciger and holding book of Gospels, IC and B to left and right / KWNCTANTINOC ΔΕCΠΟΤΗC Ο ΠΑΛΕΟΛΟΓ in the outer circle, ΘV ΧΑΡΙΤΗ ΒΑCΙΛΕΩC ΡΟΜΕΟΝ in the inner circle, crowned bust of Constantine facing, wearing maniakon. Bendall, Revue Numismatique 1991, ‘The Coinage of Constantine XI’, pp. 135-142, pl. XV, 93 (this coin). 6.78g, 23mm, 12h. Extremely Fine for this issue. Extremely Rare and of great historical importance. Purchased from Harlan J. Berk Ltd., 16 July 1990; From the Constantine XI Hoard. The reign of Constantine XI is primarily remembered for marking the end of the so-called ‘Byzantine’ Empire, the remainder of the Eastern Roman Empire that had stood for a thousand years after the fall of Rome and the West. Constantine XI succeeded his brother John VIII Palaiologos on 6 January 1449, and had reigned for only two years when the Ottoman Sultan Murad II died, being followed by his zealous nineteen year old son Mehmed II, who was obsessed with the conquest of Constantinople. A diplomatic miscalculation on the part of Constantine was seized upon by Mehmed as a convenient casus belli, and preparations for war commenced. In the winter of 1451/2 Mehmed cut off Constantinople from the Black sea by establishing a fortification on the European side of the Bosporus which together with the existing fort on the Asian side, gave the Turks complete control of the strait. Specifically, it prevented help from Genoese colonies on the Black Sea coast from reaching Constantinople. Realising that a siege was imminent, Constantine prepared his defence of the city. Despite appealing to the Pope and Western princes for aid in the defence of the city, little help came. France and England were weakened by the Hundred Years War, Spain was in the final stages of the Reconquista, the German states were wracked by infighting and Hungary and Poland had suffered a crushing defeat at Varna which they had not recovered from. In the end only a few soldiers from the northern Italian city states arrived, together with some adventurers and independent companies. Any hope of help from Constantine’s brothers in Morea was dashed by an Ottoman invasion of the peninsula intended to pin down their troops. In the winter of 1452 Mehmed arrived with his army at Constantinople, and the siege of the city began. Greatly depopulated over the years, Constantinople was now a city of just 50,000 inhabitants, with an army of only 7,000 to defend them. Arrayed against Constantine was a force at least ten times larger than his, with state of the art artillery provided by the gunsmith Orban. After a siege of fifty-three days and determined fighting, the city fell. When all hope had faded, according to Michael Critobulus (writing later in Mehmed's service) Constantine tore off his imperial regalia so as to let nothing distinguish him from any other soldier and led his remaining men in a last charge, perishing in the fighting. Struck during the siege of Constantinople, the present coin is illustrative of how far the empire had fallen. Its fabric is crude, struck on recycled silver from church altar vessels in order to pay mercenaries, and the quality of the artistry no better than the worst barbaric imitative issues of the migration period, yet the historical importance of these extremely rare coins cannot be overstated. 29 May 1453 is often cited as end of the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era, and the start of the early-modern period. The siege coinage of Constantine XI can thus rightly considered to be the last ‘ancient’ coins.
P. Accoleius Lariscolus AR Denarius. Rome, 43 BC. Draped bust of Diana Nemorensis right; P•ACCOLEIVS upwards to left, LARISCOLVS downwards to right / Triple cult statue of Diana Nemorensis facing, supporting on their hands and shoulders a beam, above which are five cypress trees; the figure on left holding a poppy, that on right holding a lily. Crawford 486/1; RSC Accoleia 1. 3.69g, 19mm, 2h. Extremely Fine.
Honorius AV Solidus. Ravenna, AD 402-406. D N HONORIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA AVGGG, Emperor standing right, holding standard and Victory on globe, treading on captive seated left; R-V across fields, COMOB in exergue. RIC 1287; C. 44. 4.41g, 20mm, 6h. Extremely Fine.
Livia Æ Dupondius. Rome, circa 21-22 AD. SALVS AVGVSTA, draped bust of Livia as Salus right, hair in knot behind / TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVF P M TR POT XXIIII around large SC. RIC 47 (Tiberius); C. 5. 14.10g, 28mm, 12h. Extremely Fine. Attractive Tiber tone; some surface granularity. An elegant and finely detailed portrait.
Antoninus Pius Æ Drachm of Alexandria, Egypt. Dated RY 17 = AD 153-154. AVT K T AIΛ AΔP ANTωNЄINOC CЄB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind / Peristyle altar of Agathodaemon, with six columns and garlanded entablature; burning pyre above and aplustre in each corner; I-Z across fields, L in exergue. Emmett 1448; Dattari (Savio) 8860. 25.91g, 35mm, 12h. Good Very Fine.
Severus Alexander Ӕ33 of Aegeae, Cilicia. Dated CY 227 = AD 230-231. AYT KAI M AVP CEV AΛEΞ[ANΔPOC], radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / AΛEZANΔPOVΠOΛIC AΔPIANΩN, Tyche and three figures standing right before ship with sail; ZOC in field above, AIΓAIWN above •M•Ԑ•Π•Θ• in exergue. SNG France 2364 corr. (obverse legend); SNG Levante 1767 (same dies). 20.49g, 33mm, 7h. Near Very Fine. Extremely Rare.
Theodosius II AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 408-420. D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, helmeted, three-quarter facing bust, holding spear over shoulder and shield decorated with horseman / CONCORDIA AVGG I, Constantinopolis seated facing, holding sceptre and Victory on globe, resting her foot on a prow; star in left field, CONOB in exergue. RIC 202; Depeyrot 73/2. 4.47g, 21mm, 6h. Tool mark on obverse in right field, otherwise, Extremely Fine.
Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius AV Aureus. Rome, AD 140. ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P COS III, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / AVRELIVS CAE•SAR AVG P II F COS, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust left. RIC III 417e; Strack 115δ; Calicó 1728 = Biaggi 797 (same dies); BMCRE 154 (same dies). 7.17g, 20mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine. Lustrous; two finely detailed portraits of handsome style. Very Rare. Ex Jacquier 24, 1 January 2000, lot 276. Antoninus Pius was adopted as Hadrian’s successor in 138, following the death of his first adopted son Lucius Aelius. In order to gain Hadrian’s favour, Antoninus had agreed to adopt Aelius’ son, Lucius Verus, as well as Marcus Aurelius, who was betrothed to Aelius’ daughter Ceionia Fabia. This acceptance of pre-determined successors was representative of Antoninus’ role as a surrogate emperor and the guardian of Hadrian’s adoptive line. Despite adopting Hadrian’s chosen successors, Antoninus was able to claim Marcus Aurelius as his own chosen heir. As the nephew of the Emperor’s wife Faustina, Marcus Aurelius was already a distant relative. Following Hadrian’s death, Antontinus convinced Aurelius to amend his marriage arrangements by annulling his betrothal to Ceionia Fabia and instead agreeing to marry the Emperor’s daughter Faustina. Aurelius was advanced in successive stages to near equality with Antoninus; he was granted the title of Caesar in 139 and become consul the following year, while Verus was almost neglected. This coin was most probably struck to commemorate the consulship of Marcus Aurelius in 140, and emphasise his legitimacy as the successor to the Emperor. The attempt to strengthen Aurelius’ claim to the Imperial throne over that of Verus was effective, for the Senate sought to make Aurelius sole emperor upon Antoninus’ death. It was only on the insistence of Aurelius that the Senate was to accept his adoptive brother Verus as joint ruler.
C. Poblicius Q. f. AR Serrate Denarius. Rome, 80 BC. Draped bust of Roma right, helmet decorated with corn ears and control mark above head, ROMA behind / Hercules strangling the Nemean lion, club at his feet, bow and arrow on left; C•POBLICI•Q•F on right. Poblicia 9; Crawford 380/1. 3.75g, 19mm, 7h. Extremely Fine. Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 51, 5 March 2009, lot 711.
Gordian III AV Aureus. Rome, AD 241-243. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, laureate and draped bust right / P M TR P IIII COS II P P, Apollo, bare to waist, seated left, holding branch and resting left elbow on lyre. RIC 102; Calicó 3221a. 5.22g, 21mm, 12h. Fleur De Coin. Rare. The depiction of Apollo seated with branch and lyre, as seen on this aureus, was a reverse type never seen on an imperial coin prior to the reign of Caracalla. The iconography of Apollo as depicted here has as its origin the provincial coinage of Colophon, the city responsible for the administration of the oracle of Apollo at Claros. Milne (Kolophon and its Coinage, NNM 96, 1941) concluded that this type must have been associated with the oracle at Claros, as early roman provincial issues suggest (see RPC II 1052). Whilst Colophon minted few coins during the imperial period until the reign of Caracalla, it would mint regularly thereafter until the cessation of provincial coinage in Ionia under Gallienus. Whilst the Roman mint may not have been consciously alluding to the Clarian cult, it has been suggested by C. Rowan (Under Divine Auspices: Divine Ideology and the Visualisation of Imperial Power in the Severan Period, 2012) that this iconography was most likely introduced to represent an emperor’s patronage and consultation of the oracle at Colophon.
Phoenicia, Tyre AR Shekel. Dated CY 135 = AD 9/10. Laureate bust of Melkart right / Eagle standing left [on prow], palm frond behind; to left, PΛE (date) above club; to right, KP above monogram; Phoenician letter between legs. BMC -; RPC I 4654. 14.24g, 25mm, 1h. Near Extremely Fine, and attractively toned.
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![P. Licinius Crassus AR Denarius. Rome, 55 BC. Diademed, laureate and draped bust of Venus right, [S•C] behind / Female figure](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d9008806-462a-482f-ab33-a66d00b8f8fa/18363879-552c-4db0-eee3-a4ff636f11b6/468x382.jpg)
![Antoninus Pius Æ Drachm of Alexandria, Egypt. Dated RY 19 = AD 155-156. AVT K T AIΛ AΔP ANTωN[INOC CԐB ԐVC], laureate and dra](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d9008806-462a-482f-ab33-a66d00b8f8fa/c1dc382f-c179-4510-baf4-b4535ecd56a7/468x382.jpg)
![Severus Alexander Ӕ33 of Aegeae, Cilicia. Dated CY 227 = AD 230-231. AYT KAI M AVP CEV AΛEΞ[ANΔPOC], radiate, draped and cuir](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d9008806-462a-482f-ab33-a66d00b8f8fa/bafe2f59-b22e-4d9c-da09-cb397a6cd55b/468x382.jpg)
![Phoenicia, Tyre AR Shekel. Dated CY 135 = AD 9/10. Laureate bust of Melkart right / Eagle standing left [on prow], palm frond](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d9008806-462a-482f-ab33-a66d00b8f8fa/f4688706-dc4d-426f-cee1-8e8d1c0136cc/468x382.jpg)
