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Lot 73
TWO CHINESE EXPORT PORCELAIN TEAPOTS AND COVERS, 18th century, each of globular form with crabstock handle and spout, both painted in polychrome enamels, one with panels enclosing figures on verandahs, on a richly gilt scroll ground, the other with scattered flower sprays and sprigs, 5 3/4" x 5" high
Lot 1280
A Chinese painted glass octagonal snuff bottle, central circular panel depicting birds amongst flowering trees, stopper, marks to base, height 6 cm, a Chinese painted glass snuff bottle, height 6 cm, a rose quarts snuff bottle, mask handles to shoulders, stopper, height 6 cm, together with a collection of agate, glass, stripped hard stone and porcelain, (12).
Lot 1386
A Chinese porcelain famille rose bowl made for Indian market, China, 19th century, border of gilt foliage upon a blue ground, lozenge shaped panels depicting exotic birds and foliage, width 27.5 cm, a Russian decanter, three oval panels depicting army officers, fruit and leaf decoration, height 27 cm, (2).
Lot 524
Four pieces of Chinese porcelain, to include: a saucer dish, boldly painted with a dragon whose body continues over the lip to the underside of the dish, umbrella symbol of Kangxi to base within a double circle and of the period; a smaller saucer dish painted with flowers and with Kangxi lotus flower mark to base; a small bowl painted with fisherman; and a provincial bowl decorated with floral and geometric panels (all with some damage).
Lot 92
A Republican period Chinese porcelain ovoid baluster vase, painted with two reserves, each with a scene of a dog in a landscape, the flared neck with reserves of flowering branch and bamboo decoration, the body painted with intricate stylized foliage and flower heads and the neck with two pierced gilded scroll handles, the base with blue seal, Qianlong seal mark, 43cm high.
Lot 51
SEVEN CHINESE PORCELAIN TEAPOTS AND COVERS 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY Comprising four 18th Century Chinese export teapots variously decorated with moulded and painted floral sprays; two Cantonese teapots, 19th Century and a further miniature teapot 6¼in. (15.8cm.) wide max. (7) View on Christie's.com
Lot 139
† THE ARCHIVE OF PILKINGTON`S TILE & POTTERY CO LIMITED SUBSEQUENTLY THE PILKINGTON`S ROYAL LANCASTRIAN POTTERY COMPANY LIMITED AND PILKINGTON`S TILES LIMITED EXTENDING OVER A PERIOD OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS FROM THE LATE 19TH CENTURY including pattern books of original designs for tiles, pocket notebooks of glaze formulae and firings, photographs and documents (for details please see online catalogue at mellorsandkirk.com) A red marl, ideal for pottery was discovered by accident at the Pilkington brothers` colliery at Clifton Junction, near Manchester in 1888. Coal extraction no longer an option because of geological problems, the firm decided to manufacture bricks. On the advice of William Burton, a brilliant young chemist at Josiah Wedgwood & Sons, they instead established a high quality, decorative tile works. In 1891 the Pilkington Tile & Pottery Company was formed with Burton as its General Manager and also charged with the planning and building (without the aid of an architect) of what soon became one of the most advanced and extensive tile works. Production commenced in 1891 and two years later Burton was joined by his equally talented brother, Joseph whose research into new glazes was to prove invaluable. For the ensuing ninety years or so Pilkington`s tiles sold throughout the British Empire, Commonwealth and beyond. The scientific and technical expertise of the Burtons was such that the Company even explored the possibility of manufacturing pottery bullets, at the request of the War Office. A department specifically for the production of art pottery in particular lustre ware, began in about 1898. Under Burton`s enlightened management, the welfare of his workforce was a high priority with, for example, those working in the Lead House being given milk in an attempt to counteract the possible effects of lead poisoning. He also arranged for the artistic staff to go, expenses paid, to exhibitions including the Exposition Universelle in Paris, in 1900. William Burton was of that generation of ceramicists inspired by the unsurpassed sang de boeuf and other glazes of the early Chinese potters and it is not surprising that, largely due to his artistic sensitivity, some of the brightest stars in the Arts & Crafts firmament - including Walter Crane, C F A Voysey and Lewis F Day - were involved at Pilkington`s from the beginning. By the early 20th century the superb lustre ware, mainly chargers and vases, and painted by such talented artists as Gordon Forsyth and Richard Joyce were in a class of their own. In their proper art historical context these magnificent objects can be regarded as a continuation of the pioneering lustre wares of William Morris`s lifelong friend William de Morgan (1839-1917). The notable achievements of Howson-Taylor`s Ruskin Pottery, Bernard Moore and William Moorcroft, although equally original, lay in other directions. Never made in large quantities, the costly (not least because of high wastage) unique iridescent lustre glazes, fired in a reducing atmosphere in a muffle kiln, have always been regarded as amongst the finest such wares of their type, whether produced in England, Europe or America. An important constituent of the present archive is the group of experimental glaze firing records and books of formulae. Lustre ware was gradually superseded by the much cheaper eggshell glazed Lapis range produced in the 1920s & `30s. In truth, the lustre ware was never really profitably produced, and the Department was probably continued for reasons of prestige. De Morgan enjoyed no greater success, observing, in 1907, "...now that I can make [beautiful things] nobody wants them." The Pottery Department closed down, for the first time, in 1937. Over the subsequent history of the factory it was revived once or twice and in 1964 a merger with Carter & Co`s Poole Pottery heralded a short-lived revival in the fortunes of both factories. Complementing the limited holdings already in institutional collections, the importance of these extensive and unique primary source records of one of the most significant British manufacturers of pottery and tiles of the highest quality, lies in the fact that they are very far from being mere `dry` financial records. PILKINGTON ARCHIVE The factory records will generally be found in chronological sequence, much of the work of arranging/filing having been done in recent years by the Pilkington’s Lancastrian Pottery Society. It is housed in approximately twenty cardboard ‘bank’ and larger sized boxes. The principal items of interest are as follows: POTTERY AND TILE PRODUCTION 1. Three tile pattern books of original designs for wall tiles (see A J Cross, plt 6) 2. Original designs for 6 inch wall tiles including children’s, humorous and other subjects, c1920-c1950, all gouache some on watercolour board (approximately 350) 3. Tracings and pounce sheets for decorative tiles 4. Factory patents relating to various aspects of the production and decoration of tiles 5. Twenty-five notebooks written in pencil and filled with detailed records of glaze experiments, firing times etc with a further notebook labelled Index to Trial Books, by Abraham Lomax for the period 1901-11 and Joseph Burton, 1911-15. 6. Photographs, four boxes of glass negatives (12 x 16.5cm) of lustre and other vases either photographed singularly or in groups of usually two or three and two boxes of magic lantern slides, also eight reels of 16cm cine film colour, optical/sound: “Tile Fixing Today” 7. A quantity of original designs for tiled chimneypieces (one illustrated in A J Cross, plt 10) gouache on watercolour sketching board and miscellaneous designs on tracing paper for architectural ceramics CORRESPONDENCE Documents generally filed in manila envelopes including the company’s attendance at national/international exhibitions, insurance relating thereto, other insurance policies for salesmen/travellers overseas, An Enquiry into the Boiler Explosion and Fatal Accident 1911, files of business letters and copy letters including internal memoranda relating to glazes, samples overseas orders, screen printing equipment, production tables and miscellaneous subjects. An extensive series of mainly autograph letters signed to William Burton, many from his brother Joseph, others from the Pilkingtons including Alfred, Edward, Laurence and Charles (one dated August 1895 “I send you herewith a sample of red marl out of our borehole... I don’t think it is very good”), W Bush, J Lee Wood, John Chambers, trade suppliers/contractors such as William Boulton (engineer) many in the Potteries, including Frank Keeling, Maw & Co, John Ridgway, Cravan, Dunnill & Co and the Old Hall Porcelain Works, Hanley, several letters from the employees of other manufacturers seeking positions at Pilkington’s, artists such as Cosmo Rowe (1877-1952), mosacists and others, several hundreds filed in two modern white ring binders, period 1889-1894 and 1895-1901. Home Office Whitehall, framed typed letter signed (Edward Thorp) 3 September 1913 to the Company’s solicitors informing Pilkington’s that the king [Goerge V] has granted permission for the use of the tile “Royal Lancastrian Pottery” for their “artistic pottery”. FINANCIAL RECORDS Important documents in the factory’s history including the Certificate of Incorporation, Memorandum and Articles of Association of The Pilkington’s Pottery Company Limited, 1891 and Certificate of Incorporation for change of name to Pilkington’s Tile and Pottery Co Limited, 1892 and approximately 75 ledgers and journals including cash books, expenses, general journals, tile fixing accounts, tile stock, share certificates, wages books and analysis of new work, 1892 onwards.
Lot 196
A CHINESE PORCELAIN VASE AND COVER of inverted baluster form, painted in famille rose enamels with long tailed birds, one perched on rocks between flowering peony, magnolia and other plants, in lilac and light blue panelled diaper or lappeted borders, 44cm h, painted concentric circles in underglaze blue, 19th/early 20th c ++In the present local vendor`s family ownership since the early 20th c or before; in fine condition no damage or restoration
Lot 199
A CHINESE EXPORT PORCELAIN PUNCH BOWL the exterior painted in famille rose enamels with three large panels of flowers and foliage reserved on a blue and gilt ground, the interior painted in underglaze blue, iron red and gilt with a central flower spray in trailing and trellis borders, 38cm diam and a smaller bowl enamelled with a `mandarin` pattern, both Qianlong (2) ++Large bowl with several minor hairline cracks, gilding on the exterior generally worn, no restoration. Smaller bowl broken in two and riveted with small losses in consequence
Lot 350
19th Century Chinese hardwood framed screen, the six folding panels having applied geometric moulding and having shaped panels, each with inset blue and white porcelain plaque depicting figures in landscapes, the reverse of the folding panels having shaped moulding and having pierced fretwork panels below, each panel measures 181cm high x 44cm wide
Lot 351
19th Century Chinese hardwood framed circular low table having a carved foliate design border, the top with inset blue and white porcelain panel with central decoration of a cockerel in landscape surrounded by a band of five clawed dragons chasing pearls and having an outer foliate design border - standing on four square supports with carved moulding, 83cm diameter x 45m high
Lot 115
A late 18th century Chinese armorial bourdalou, Dalling with Pinnock in pretence, the arms both sides of the elongate vessel below a rust stippled wavy line, flowers and a pea green stippled line, 26cm (10.25in) across the handle For a discussion of this armorial see DS Howard `Chinese Armorial Porcelain` Volume 2 page 479
Lot 15
A pair of Chinese famille rose porcelain wedding lanterns, circa 1900, of reticulated hexagonal form with roundels of boys chasing insects and butterflies, a sage with a dragonfly and flowers, within alternating green and turquoise banded borders pierced with cash symbols and on conforming bases, gilt and enamel loss, 38cm high
Lot 39
A collection of Chinese export blue and white and famille rose porcelain plates and dishes, Qianlong (1736-1795), to include; a pair of lobed plates with fenced gardens (at fault) 23cm diameter, two European decorated famille rose plates with rose sprays (chips) 22.5cm and 23cm diameter, a Chinese imari plate 22.5cm diameter, six Chinese export blue and white decorated plates, with chinoiserie landscapes and Fitzhugh type borders, 23cm diameter, a blue and white soup plate, 22.5cm diameter a Nankin octagonal blue and white plate and a small blue and white floral soup bowl, rim chipped, 16.5cm diameter (14)
Lot 40
A Japanese Arita porcelain blue and white octagonal plate, circa 1900, decorated with two crabs amongst reeds within a herringbone border, the exterior with stylised landscapes and fuku mark, 21cm wide and a blue and white bowl, with everted rim painted with four immortals (hairline crack), 19cm diameter and a pair of Chinese famille rose teabowls, 6.5cm high (4)
Lot 176
A group of three Chinese snuff bottles comprising a carved and moulded porcelain example modelled with numerous figures, kylins and tigers, red seal mark ti base, devoid stopper and chipped together with a white metal mounted example painted in blue with figures and an internally decorated glass example, late 19th century and later.
Lot 180
A Chinese porcelain vase of square form with round raised waisted neck, each aspect painted in blue with two female figures attending a jardiniere of blooms within a fenced garden of peony, chrysanthemum and prunus, 30 cm high, single character mark to base, early Kangxi, some minor glaze loss.
Lot 181
A pair of Chinese porcelain saucer dishes each painted in blue with a pair of stocking clad Chinamen and attendants toasting each other in a garden setting within borders of prunus and peony, 15.5 cm diameter, six character Chenghua marks in concentric rings, but Kangxi period, damages to both.
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