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Lot 1300
A collection of books on Chinese art, 20th C. Various dimensions.CHINA FOR THE WEST, David Howard and John Ayers, 1978. Volumes I and IICHINEES PORSELEIN EN AARDEWERK, 1972. D.F. Lunsingh Scheurleer IN THE WAKE OF THE LIEFDE: Cultural relations between the Netherlands and Japan, since 1600. By Collectif, 1986. CHINE DE COMMANDE, 1989. D. F. Lunsingh Scheurleer CHINESE PORCELAIN of the 19th and 20th centuries, 1977. H.A. Van Oort ASIATIC ART in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 1985. Pauline / Scheurleer, LunsinghCHINESE PORCELAIN, The Transitional Period 1620 – 1683, 1986. a Selection from the Michael Butler Collection CHINESISCHES UND JAPANISCHES PORZELLAN IN EUROPAISCHEN FASSUNGEN, 1980, D. F. Lunsingh Scheurleer PORCELAINE DE LA COMPAGNIE DES INDES, 1982, Michel Beurdeley KRAAK PORCELAIN, a moment in the history of trade, 1989, Maura Rinaldi CHINESE EXPORT WATERCOLOURS, 1984, Craig Clunas CHINESE EXPORT PORCELAIN, Chine de Commande from the Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels, 1989, C. J. A. Jörg
Lot 850
Three shares of the Ostend East India Company and two of the Swedish East India Company, 18th C. Dim.: ca. 32 x 20 cm (the Ostend East India Company shares) Added: An engraving of the coat of arms of the Ostend Company and one of the so called "Huis der Timmerlieden", where the company was partly founded. The Ostend company:The trade from Ostend in the Austrian Netherlands to Mocha, India, Bengal and China started in 1715. Some private merchants from Antwerp, Ghent and Ostend were granted charters for the East-India-trade by the Austrian govemment that had recently come to power in the Southern Netherlands. Between 1715 and 1723, 34 ships sailed from Ostend to China, the Malabar or Coromandel coast, Surat, Bengal or Mocha. Those expeditions were financed by different international syndicates composed of Flemish, English, Dutch and French merchants and bankers. The mutual rivalry between them however weighed heavily upon the profits and this resulted in the foundation of the Ostend East-India Company, chartered by the Austrian emperor in December 1722. The capital of the company was fixed at 6 million guilders, composed of 6,000 shares of 1,000 guilders each. It was mainly supplied by the moneyed inhabitants of Antwerp and Ghent. The directors were chosen out of the rich and skilled merchants or bankers who had been involved in the private expeditions. The company also possessed two factories: Cabelon on the Coromandel coast and Banquibazar in Bengal. Between 1724 and 1732, 21 company vessels were sent out, mainly to Canton in China and to Bengal. Thanks to the rise in tea prices, high profits were made in the China-trade. This was a thorn in the side of the older rival companies, such as the Dutch VOC, the English EIC and the French CFT. They refused to acknowledge the Austrian emperor's right to found an East-India company in the Southern Netherlands and considered the Ostenders interlopers. International political pressure was put on the emperor and he finally capitulated. In May 1727 the charter of the company was suspended for seven years and in March 1731 the second treaty of Vienna ordered the definitive abolition. The flourishing Ostend Company had been sacrificed to the interests of the Austrian dynasty. Between 1728 and 1731 a small number of illegal expeditions was organized under borrowed flags, but the very last ships sailing for the company were the two "permission-vessels" that left in 1732 and were a concession made in the second treaty of Vienna. Only a few documents are left because the municipal archives of Ostend were lost during the Second World War. The Swedish company: Not all the new companies were to be equally successful in their trading. The Swedish East India Company, established 1731 on the initiative of private merchants but with the caution of the central government, profited from the vain attempts of building new companies in some countries and from the short lived companies' existence in other as well. Both the Swedish and reformed Danish company were profiting from the vacuum created by the disappearance of the Austrian East India Company or commonly called Ostend Company because based in Ostend, itself dissolved under pressure from the great powers. The companies ventured upon colonization, because for example, anyone who possessed settlements on the route to the Orient could revictual more easily during the passage, while those who did not, always had to go to their rivals or competitors to replenish their stocks of provisions or change their drinking water. If they intend to succeed, they had to work out schedules for quick and safe sailing routes and solve their own acute problems, especially when they were not always willing to depend upon their competitors. Even smaller companies tried to be represented both in India and in China in order to conduct trade there. It is plain that for smaller companies - and thus for smaller powers - the East was too far off and too vast in area for them to make an appearance everywhere on the trading scene. The Swedes drew the lesson from their unfortunate Ostend colleagues, whose company's presence, both in India and China, had probably had accelerated its collapse. After several somewhat unsuccessful experiments in Surat and Bengal, the Swedes specialized in the China trade. The ultimate option of the Swedes for an East Indian trade that forsook, whether deliberately or otherwise, every form of colonization, was to bring nothing but profit to the enterprise and to sustain its prosperity for almost a century. This characteristic attitude would not be without historical significance for the Swedish policy of neutrality in later centuries. Nevertheless the trade with China was a difficult one. The Chinese regarded all foreigners with suspicion and contact with the "Foreign Devils" was severely restricted. Trading was allowed only in Canton and only under the supervision of Chinese "Hong" merchants. Foreign traders were not even permitted to live in Canton and could only visit their warehouses during the trading season. Once trading was finished, the cargo was loaded - porcelain in bundles, tubs and wooden boxes cushioned with rice paddy or marketable goods such as gallingall, pepper, rice, sago, or tea, at the bottom for ballast, followed by chests of tea and finally the precious silks and spices. The China Trade was a risky venture. Taxes, tributes, bribes and deceptions were rife. Storms, pirates, disease and rival traders were constant threats during the two-year round trip voyage from Europe. Most went well but sometimes disaster struck - as with the Gotheborg. Despite the risks, traders made huge profits for their companies, themselves and their countries. (source: swaen.com)
Lot 500
A Chinese blue and white "Three Friends of Winter" dish, Qianlong mark and period Dia.: 17,8 cm Including a box.Full provenance including old catalogues and the book “Later Chinese porcelain” included with the piece. Provenance: - The collection of P.J. Donnelly - The collection of Soame Jenyns- Published in “Later Chinese porcelain”, Soame Jenyns, 1951, pl. XCV. - Sotheby Parke Bernett, Hong Kong, Nov. 16, 1983, Lot 514 (Illustrated on plate 8) - Exhibited : From the Tang to the Qing: Chinese Ceramics from circa 618-1850 A.D. - The collection of Dr. and Mrs. Peter Thompson, Hull University, Hull, UK, 1996, cat. no. 115 - Sotheby’s, London, Nov. 7, 2012, “Chinese ceramics from the collection of Peter and Nancy Thompson”, Lot 78- An English private collection. See also: - A similar example in the collection of the Palace Museum, Beijing, published in: A Contrast between Genuine and Fake Porcelain And The Porcelain Specimens from Ancient Kiln Sites Collected in the Palace Museum (Pictorial Album). Beijing, 1998 (故宫è—èä_ 世瓷器真èµùå¯_比·å_†ä»£åè_窑åù€æ ‡æœ¬å›_å_•). Page 117, Picture 91.- Sotheby's, New York, March 19, 2016, Lot 1412, for a similar example. (link) (Result: USD 35.000)
Lot 584
A Chinese verte biscuit armorial sweetmeat dish with the arms of Johannes Camphuys, VOC governor of Batavia, Kangxi Dim.: 12,5 x 12 cm See also: Peabody Essex Museum, Inv. AE85686.A-I, for a complete set with this design. (link)It states: "... painted in yellow, green and aubergine glazes with a shield containing an elaborate coat of arms of Johannes van Camphuys, Governor General of the VOC in Batavia from 1641-1691. The set is composed of a central star-shaped dish surrounded by eight matching petal-shaped dishes, each decorated in translucent green, purple, yellow and black overglaze enamels. Most likely, the set originally had a shaped under-dish into which all nine pieces fit. This is believed to be the earliest Chinese armorial enameled porcelain ordered by a VOC commissioner."
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