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ww1 & ww2 boxed medal groups father & son with dog tags ww1 trio to 1100 pte.r.w.crick e.kent .r boxed ww2 medals to 8th army bar to r.a.crick

A collection of military awards and badges etc. including WWI and WWII medals, Artic Star, Russian medals, Malta Defence tie, trench art miniature farriers tools and Princess Mary tin. The WWI medals and some badges awarded to SE-2002 Private H Reeves, Army Veterinary Corps, Russian medal with letter to A Furneaux

A collection of interesting items including Pakistan army service medals, ACME Scout Master whistle with compass, various commemorative medallions, drinking horn, corkscrews etc.

PORTUGAL ARMY V RAF XI 1946 / AUTOGRAPHS Four page VIP programme 17/2/1946 in Estoril, signed by 10 Portuguese players and 13 RAF players plus a menu and a small signed Portugal flag. Good

COMBINED SERVICERS XI (GERMANY) V CZECHOSLOVAKIA ARMY 1946 Programme for the match in Berlin 3/11/1946, slightly creased and all four corners of the cover trimmed. Generally good

Simon Bull (British, b 1958) "Aspiration"  Giclee on canvas Limited edition numbered 263/500  Mounted This piece comes with a Letter of Authenticity 30 x 30 x 3.5 cm (12" x 12" x 1.5") Simon Bull (British, b 19580 was the son of a British Army officer and spent much of his youth moving around the globe when his father was posted to different countries. He studied at Leeds Polytechnic, and during his time there he became inspired by masters of art such as Chardin and Rembrandt. Many of Simon Bull's early paintings relayed the beauty of the landscapes and animals around him, which were ever changing due to his travels. In 2009, Muhammad Ali selected artist Simon Bull to paint separate portraits of the boxer and the then President of the United States, Barrack Obama. Simon Bull's artwork mirrors his surroundings and uses bright pops of color that invoke feelings of energy and happiness. This lot is also sold subject to Artists Resale Rights, details of which can be found in our Terms and Conditions.

A Swiss army knife in a leather case

Weaver Model Train O Scale Locomotive and Train Car Assortment (11) items, (3) U25B diesel locomotives including Delaware & Hudson #2303, Southern Pacific #6721 and Southern Pacific #633 as well as (8) US Army troop train cars including five Pullman sleepers, two Medical Department kitchen cars and a troop kitchen car Property from: an Estate, Downers Grove, Illinois Height: 3 3/4 inches, Length: 14 1/2 inches, Width: 2 1/2 inches (longest) Condition: overall light wear consistent with normal use, troop kitchen car having damaged trucks (parts present), no boxes Disclaimers: not tested, we cannot guarantee the operation, not checked for replacement parts Category: Collectibles > Model Trains - O Scale Estimated Sale Time: 3:24 pm (America/Chicago) Shipping Status: Leonard Auction Shipping Quote Download High Resolution Photographs:Photograph #1

Athearn Model Train HO Scale Assortment (13) items, (11) locomotives including a U.S. Army #7403, a Denver Rio Grande #400, an Amtrak California #2001, a Northstar #505, an Apalachicola Northern #715, an M and N #6705, an M.P #616, an Indiana Harbor Freight #1504, a C&G #803, a Southern Railway #1733, a Burlington Northern #583 as well as (2) box cars, most in original boxes Property from: an Estate, Downers Grove, Illinois Height: 2 1/2 inches, Width: 12 inches, Depth: 4 inches (with box) Condition: overall light wear consistent with normal use, some boxes having scuffs, bent flaps, tears, bumped corners Disclaimers: not tested, we cannot guarantee the operation, not checked for replacement parts Category: Collectibles > Model Trains - HO Scale Estimated Sale Time: 5:11 pm (America/Chicago) Shipping Status: Leonard Auction Shipping Quote Download High Resolution Photographs:Photograph #1

Aristo-Craft Model Train G Scale United States Army Locomotive with Tender A #20609 2-8-0 Consolidation locomotive #610 with tender Property from: an Estate, Downers Grove, Illinois Height: 6 1/2 inches, Length: 27 3/4 inches, Width: 4 inches (with tender) Condition: overall light wear consistent with normal use, no box Disclaimers: not tested, we cannot guarantee the operation, not checked for replacement parts Category: Collectibles > Model Trains - G Scale Estimated Sale Time: 4:41 pm (America/Chicago) Shipping Status: Leonard Auction Shipping Quote Download High Resolution Photographs:Photograph #1Photograph #2

Atlas Model Train HO Scale Assortment (16) items including a #20001119 N&S articulated auto carrier, a #10002500 NJ Transit ALP-45 DP locomotive and (5) NJ Transit commuter cars including #20004112 multi-level cab car and multi-level coaches #20004123, #20004124, #20004125 and #20004126, locomotives including a #10003276 M&E C424 Phase 2, a #10001215 Long Island GP38-2, a #10000983 Indiana Harbor GP40-2 Phase 2, a #10001205 US Army NRE Genset, a #10000508 South Shore GP38-2, a #10000954 National Locomotive RS-36, above all in original packaging, unboxed locomotives including a GT GP38 #5806, IC GP38 #3074 and am Amtrack electric #911 Property from: an Estate, Downers Grove, Illinois Height: 4 3/4 inches, Length: 25 3/4 inches, Depth: 2 1/4 inches (longest box) Condition: most seemingly unused, overall light wear consistent with normal use to unboxed, light wear to packaging Disclaimers: not inspected out of packaging, not tested, we cannot guarantee the operation Category: Collectibles > Model Trains - HO Scale Estimated Sale Time: 5:23 pm (America/Chicago) Shipping Status: Leonard Auction Shipping Quote Download High Resolution Photographs:Photograph #1

KAIHO YUSHO (1533-1615): 'KAKU SHIGI'Japan, 16th century. Ink on paper. Mounted as a hanging scroll, on a silk brocade coated paper frame, with ivory handles. Displaying the classical aesthetics of the Kano School, depicting Kaku Shigi dressed in voluminous robes with billowing sleeves holding a banana leaf.Inscriptions: Two seals, ‘Kaihō’ 海北 and ‘Yushō’ 友松. The tomobako storage box further inscribed in English and Japanese.Provenance: From the collection of Felix Tikotin, and thence by descent within the family. Felix Tikotin (1893-1986) was an architect, art collector, and founder of the first Museum of Japanese Art in the Middle East. Born in Glogau, Germany, to a Jewish family, his ancestors had returned with Napoleon from Russia from a town named Tykocin. He grew up in Dresden and after World War I, he traveled to Japan and immediately fell in love with the culture. In April 1927, he opened his first own gallery in Berlin. The entire family survived the Holocaust, and in the 1950s Tikotin slowly resumed his activities as a dealer in Japanese art. He became, once again, very successful and prominent, holding exhibitions all over Europe and the United States. When he first visited Israel in 1956, he decided that the major part of his collection belonged in that country. In 1960, the Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art was opened in Haifa.Condition: Shows few tears, material loss, and associated touch-ups, but still presenting well. The brocade frame with usual traces of wear and creasing.Important notice: Please note that we will need to remove the ivory roller ends before shipping / handing over the item. The roller ends are not part of this offer.Dimensions: Image size 104 x 50 cm, Size incl. mounting 188 x 52.5 cmWith an inscribed tomobako storage box. (2)Kaihō Yushō (1533-1615) was a Japanese painter of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was born in Omi province to Kaiho Tsunachika, who was a vassal of Azai Nagamasa. At an early age he became a page at the Tofuku-ji in Kyoto and later a lay priest. He served there under the abbot and associated with the leading Zen priests of Kyoto. In his forties, Yusho turned to painting and became a pupil in the Kano School, either under the famous Kano Motonobu or his grandson Kano Eitoku. He then worked at Jurakudai, under the patronage of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the Emperor Go-Yozei. At first, he patterned his work after Song painter Liang Kai, producing only monochrome ink paintings, using a ‘reduced brush stroke,’ relying more on ink washes than sharp hard strokes. Later, he worked with fashionable rich colors and gold leaf. Artistically on a level with Hasegawa Tohaku and Kano Eitoku, he gave his name Kaiho to the style of painting he and his followers practiced.Kaku Shigi or Guo Ziyi (697-781) was a Tang dynasty general, known for his military conquests and progeny. He rose to fame when he led the Chinese army on several central Asian campaigns and then crushed the An Lushan rebellion of 755-63. Guo's eight sons and seven daughters produced so many grandchildren that, reportedly, he could not remember all their names. He became a symbol of longevity, wealth, and fatherhood in China and was popular with Japanese merchants of the Edo period. Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Christie’s, New York, Japanese & Korean Art, 15 September 2010, lot 526Price: USD 30,000 or approx. EUR 40,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: Kaiho Yusho (1533-1615), Kaiho Yusho (1533-1615) Gibbon grasping at the reflected moon and Sofu (Ch'cao-fu) leading his oxAuction result comparison: Type: Closely relatedAuction: Bonhams, The Ethereal Brush, 10 November 2016, London, lot 13Estimate: GBP 20,000 or approx. EUR 33,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writingDescription: Attributed to Kaihō Yushō (1533-1615) and Karasuma Mitsuhiro (1579-1638) Kinkō Riding a CarpExpert remark: Note the very similar expression of Kinko sennin.

A vibrant Biblical Flemish tapestryLate 16th centuryWoven in wools and silks, depicting the story of David and Goliath, the severed head of the giant being carried by the young curly haired King David, wearing a laurel wreath, an army behind him, carrying their spears aloft, a female musician with her lyre to the further right edge, on later blue outer slip,250cm x 219cmThis lot is subject to the following lot symbols: TPTP For auctions held in Scotland: Lots will be moved to an offsite storage location (Constantine, Constantine House, North Caldeen Road, Coatbridge ML5 4EF, Scotland, UK) and will only be available for collection from this location at the date stated in the catalogue. Please refer to the catalogue for further information.For all other auctions: Lots will be moved to an offsite storage location (Cadogan Tate, Auction House Services, 241 Acton Lane, London NW10 7NP, UK) and will only be available for collection from this location at the date stated in the catalogue. Please note transfer and storage charges will apply to any lots not collected after 14 calendar days from the auction date.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com

A steel Victorinox Swiss Army Summit XLT Chronograph quartz wristwatch, A steel Victorinox Swiss Army Summit XLT Chronograph quartz wristwatch, ref. 241339, the signed dial with arabic markers, outer minutes track, date aperture to 4 and three subsidiary dials, quartz movement within a stainless steel case numbered 090760433, with bracelet and folding clasp, case diameter 41mm. With maker's box and papers.Overall condition good to fairWatch working at time of cataloguing, Wilson 55 does not guarantee the working accuracy of any timepiece offeredBox with losses to leather interior

Goldfinger (Erno) and Ursula Blackwell. Planning Your Neighbourhood: for home, for work, for play, 20 sheets, 500 x 360mm., colour, small holes at corners, some light toning, mainly marginal, [for the Army Bureau of Current Affairs], [1944].⁂ Scarce and important series. Architect Erno Goldfinger played an important part in the development of the modernist movement in Britain, particularly famous for his Brutalist designs, which were often unpopular publicly (allegedly Ian Fleming, Goldfinger's neighbour, was so opposed to one design that he named the Bond villain after the architect). 'Planning Your Neighbourhood' is an optimistic presentation of an utopian vision of improved post-war city life. Shoreditch, with slums and heavily damaged in the war, was a perfect candidate for post-war reconstruction. The 20 sheets of the proposal here, incorporate maps, aerial photos and diagrams to aid visualisation - the idea was that anyone, young and old across different social classes, would enjoy living in the "vertical city".

Middle East.- United States Army (Army Map Service) Collection of six maps of the Arabian Peninsula, colour printed maps, each sheet between 540 x 740 mm (21 1/4 x 29 1/8 in) and 980 x 850 mm (38 1/2 x 33 1/2 in), old folds, minor nicks and surface dirt, unframed, [circa 1950s] (6)

Jukes (Francis) and Thomas Anburey. Three views from 'Hindoostan Scenery consisting of Twelve Select Views in India', etchings and aquatint, with full hand-colouring, on Whatman wove paper, each platemark approx. 390 x 535 mm (15 3/8 x 21 in), each sheet approx. 500 x 630 mm (19 3/4 x 24 3/4 in), minor marginal repaired tears, some surface dirt, minor spotting, unframed, published by the artists, 1799 (3) Provenance:From the Collection of the Late W.G. and Mildred Archer; thence by descent.⁂ Scarce. "Anburey served with the Bengal Army as a surveyor in 1792 and 1793, travelling first from Seringapatam to Hyderabad, then on through Berar to Kalpi. His sketches of the journey included many views that British audiences had never seen before. The beauty of these prints does not convey the rigours experienced on the long march, which were contemporaneous with a series of regional battle against the local Muslim ruler Tipu Sultan, known as the Mysore Wars (1767-1792)". [BL]

Sweden.- Råbergh-Mannerskantz (Carl, 1749-1830) and others. Collection of 24 original manuscript maps, and office copies of manuscript maps, with many including military battle plans, including: 8 manuscript maps and plans in Carl Råbergh's hand, with 3 signed and dated; 3 detailed maps and battle plans in the hand of Erasmus Heerman Rustmastar[?], two signed and dated; a large detailed manuscript map of 'Glasholmen' by the Land Surveyor to King Gustav III, dated 1791 but after another map from 1707; and other maps and plans by various anonymous Swedish cartographers, pen and inks, watercolours, some pencil under-drawing, on various 18th century papers and later, various sizes from 310 x 470 mm (12 1/4 x 18 1/2 in) to 910 x 580 mm (35 3/4 x 22 3/4 in), numerous nicks and tears, old folds and handling creases, some surface dirt and browning, all unframed, [mainly late 18th century, or slightly later]Provenance:Some with Carl Råbergh-Mannerskantz (1747-1817)Carl Axel Mannerskantz (1809-1888)Värnanäs Manor, Hallstorps socken, Småland, Sweden; by descent.⁂ There are records for one of the draughtsman featured in the present lot, that of Major Carl Råbergh (1747-1817), who was known to have worked as a Fortification Officer in the Swedish military, but resigned in 1790 following his purchase of the Värnanäs estate in Halltorp, Kalm, in 1789. Both his father and his son, Carl Axel Mannerskantz (1809-1888), were at points involved with Swedish military's Fortifications Office. It has also been recorded that Råbergh undertook a Grand Tour in 1783 with another Swedish officer, Mikael Hisinger (1758-1829); the tour was partly funded by a grant given to Råbergh by the Swedish Army.The Vasa Architectural Collection, Sweden, hold four original maps and plans by Carl Råbergh that closely conform to many examples within the present group [see museum acc. no. V399, V405, V406, V420].

Churchill (Sir Winston Spencer) The River War, An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan, 2 vol., first edition, half-titles, plates, maps and illustrations, vol.1 final map torn, foxing, vol.2 slight repaired tears and abrasion to front endpapers, original pictorial cloth, gilt, a little rubbed, [Woods A2a], 8vo, London, New York and Bombay, 1899.⁂ A very good copy overall of Churchill's second book. He served in the 21st Lancers and was part of the last great cavalry charge of the British Army.

Middle East.- Defence Mapping Agency Topographic Center.- Collection of six maps of the Middle East, including individual maps of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Republic, Israel and Occupied Territories, Yemen, Algeria, and one showing Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and United Arab Emirates, colour printed maps, various sizes between approx. 610 x 600 mm (24 x 23 3/4) and 800 x 600 mm (31 1/2 x 23 5/8 in), all very clean impressions without condition issues, [circa 1970s]⁂ As the Vietnam War drew to a close, US Congress looked for ways to consolidate military and intelligence organisations. The Defence Mapping Agency emerged in the Department of Defense on July 1, 1972. This new organisation absorbed the Air Force's Aeronautical Chart and Information Centre operations, the oceanographic and charting services of the U.S. Naval Hydrographic Office, and the Army Map Service.

Circle of Angelica Kauffmann Portrait of an army officer in a faux roundel Property of a Gentleman

STALIN JOSEPH: (1878-1953) Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924-53 as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-52) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941-53). A good D.S., J. Stalin, in Cyrillic, with two lines of holograph text, in bold red indelible pencil, one page, 4to, Moscow, 25th December 1941, in Cyrillic. The typed classified document is an order (number 0508) issued by the Stavka of the Supreme High Command and states, ‘1. In view of the particularly important tasks assigned to the 27th Army, it should be transformed into the 4th Shock Army. 2. The 3rd, 33rd, 332nd, 334th, 249th, 257th, 358th, 360th rifle divisions should be included in the 4th Shock Army. 3. From 1st January 1942, all the commanding staff (higher, senior, middle, junior) of the 4th Shock Army should be paid one and a half times the salary, and to the rank and file, two times the salary as it is established for the Guards divisions’. Stalin adds a fourth instruction to the order in his hand, ‘4. The order is to be adopted in all units of the 4th Shock Army’. Countersigned at the foot by Boris Shaposhnikov (1882-1945) Soviet Colonel and Marshal of the Soviet Union, one of the foremost military theorists of the Stalin-era who served as Chief of the Staff of the Red Army 1928-31, 1937-40 and 1941-42. The verso of the document bears various typed and manuscript (in ink and pencil) administrative notes including a list of over twenty individuals who were to receive a copy of the order in cipher. A few tears and small areas of paper loss to the left edge, not affecting the text or signatures, and some light staining. About VG The 4th Shock Army was a combined arms army of the Soviet Armed Forces which participated in the Toropets-Kholm Offensive between January and February 1942 and also saw action on the Kalinin Front and 1st Baltic Front during World War II.

SUCHET LOUIS GABRIEL: (1770-1826) Marshal of France. Duc d´Albufera. One of the most brilliant of Napoleon´s Generals. D.S., `Le M[aréch]al Duc d´Albufera´, by Suchet, two pages, Headquarters of Barcelona, 6th August, 1813, in French. The partially printed document bears the printed heading of the Imperial army of Aragon, in Spanish, stating “En Nombre de S.M. el Emperador de los Franceses, Rey de Italia, Protector de la Confederacion del Rhin, Mediador de la Confederación Suiza. Mariscal del Imperio, Duque de Albufera, General en jefe del Ejercito de Aragon, Gobernador de dicha provincia…” (Translation: “In the name of H.M.. the Emperor of the French; King of Italy, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation, Marshal of the Empire, Duque of Albufera, General in chief of the Aragon army, Governor of this province…”) The manuscript document being a decree comprising five articles, mostly related to the payment of the troops, states in part `Article 3 – Il sera donné connaissance de cet arrêté à L.L.E.E les Ministres de la guerre et du Trésor Impérial afin que le remboursement de ces récépissés n´éprouve point de difficultés. – Article 4 - S.E. le Ministre de la guerre sera prié d´autoriser le Payeur de Barcelone à employer ces fonds au payement de la solde de la garnison de cette place et dans le cas où elle serait bloquée avant la réponse du Ministre…´ (Translation: “article 3 - This decree will be made known to H.E. the Ministers of War and of the Imperial Treasury so that the reimbursement of these receipts does not encounter any difficulties. – Article 4 - H.E. the Minister of War will be asked to authorize the Paymaster of Barcelona to use these funds to pay this place garrison´s monthly pay, and in the event that it is blocked before the Minister's response…”) Small overall minor age wear, with small remnants of former affixing to the left edge, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise G

MOVILA IEREMIA: (1555-1606) Voivode of Moldavia 1595-1600 & 1600-06. Very rare L.S., `Hyeremia Boebo´ ("Ieremia Voivod"), two pages, folio, Zuchovica, 20th September 1596, to Reverend Bishop Alphonso, Apostolic Nuncio in Transylvania, in Latin. Movila, in his capacity as Voivode of Moldavia presented to the heading as `Ieremia Movila, By the Grace of God, Prince and life heir of Moldavia….´, refers to the letters received from his correspondent, to the Secretary Simon who has reported a number of messages, and states in part `..Finally, and regarding the Christian Princes, we hope that your Holiness will intercede on our behalf and with insistence, and for this and similar matters dealt we thank to your Illustrious Holiness…´, further saying `..Your Holiness has supported us, and we could value your blinding and abundant affection, which as we expect between Christian Princes will bring and maintain good friendship and peace, and that God with his grace will reward us and our Kingdom…´, and before concluding says `We received the letters from Joanis de Marini, from Prague, and we learned the news and also that our old friendship was well remembered. We deeply rejoice learning that the Christian army… and will become powerful. And we pray God so that he will always concede everything because of the Christian offerings..´ With address leaf, bearing remnants of a former wax seal. Small overall age wear and creasing, otherwise G

SLAVERY CUBA: CESPEDES DEL CASTILLO CARLOS MANUEL (1819-1874) Cuban Revolutionary. Known as the ''Father of the Motherland'', Cespedes is considered a Cuban hero who freed slaves and leaded the declaration of Cuban Independence in 1868. A good D.S., `C.m.de Cespedes´, one page, 4to, Bayamo, 27th December 1868, in Spanish. The partially printed document bears an attractive revolutionary vignette to the heading and the printed title beneath ''Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Captain General of the Liberator Army of Cuba and in charge of its Provisional Government'', and to the left border the printed nine articles of the Decree of conditioned abolition of slavery. Cespedes issues and grants this certificate of emancipated security, permitting free displacement of the entitled former slave. The certificate states that it is issued to Teresa de la Jesne, a maid, coming from Santa Barbara, of sixty years, and black skin colour. Countersigned, also bearing a blue ink stamp at the base of the Bayamo government alongside a blind embossed sea. Overall age wear, with slightly trimmed edges and few small pinholes. About G

DE GAULLE CHARLES: (1890-1970) French General and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. President of the French Republic 1959-69. An excellent, early A.L.S., C de Gaulle, four pages, 8vo, Paris, 12th January 1926, to ‘Mon cher camarade’, on the printed stationery of Philippe Petain, as a Marshal of France and Vice President of the Superior War Council, in French. De Gaulle commences his letter writing ‘Les observations que vous avez hier voulu m'adresser au sujet de l'etude sur le "Role de Nos Places" sont, pour moi, une preuve nouvelle de votre comprehension et de la penetration de votre esprit toutes sont judicieuses et si je ne me rallie pas a charme, croyez bien que j'en tire profit’ (Translation: ‘The observations that you wanted to address to me yesterday on the subject of the study on the “Role of Our Places” are, for me, a new proof of your understanding and of the penetration of your mind, all of them are judicious and if I do not rally to charm, believe me that I take advantage of it’) and further states ‘Nous sommes d'accord me semble t'il quant a la maniere de juger.....Gouvion St. Cyr et meme sere de Rivieres: Chacun de ces hommes doit etre loue pour avoir su faire la synthese des conditions de la defense nationale a leur epoque…… Mais, peut etre ne voyons-nous pas tout a fait les choses sous le meme angle, quant au necessites d'aujourd hui’ (Translation: ‘We are in agreement, it seems to me, as to the way of judging…..Gouivon St. Cyr and even Sere de Rivieres: Each of these men must be praised for having been able to synthesise the conditions of national defence in their time…….But maybe we don’t see things from quite the same angle when it comes to today’s needs’). De Gaulle also observes ‘Vous paraissiez inquiet d'une organisation defensive qui enchainerait le plan du commandement. Aussi ne faut-il pas a mon humble avis, que l'organisation defensive soit -comme beaucoup la souhaitent - fonction du plan d'operations. L'organisation defensive, necessaire en permanence et qui tient aux conditions geographiques, politiques, morales meme ou se trouve le pays est une affaire du gouvernement. Le plan d'operations est l'affaire du commandement’ (Translation: ‘You seemed worried about a defensive organisation that would chain the command plan. Also, in my humble opinion, the defensive organisation should not be – as many would like – a function of the plan of operations. The defensive organisation, which is permanently necessary, and which depends on the geographical, political and even moral conditions in which the country finds itself, is a matter of the government. The operations plan is the business of command’). A letter of very fine content. Some very light, minimal age wear, otherwise about EXLaurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr (1764-1830) 1st Marquis de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr. French military commander in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. A Marshal of the Empire, Saint-Cyr is regarded as Napoleon’s finest commander in defensive warfare.Raymond Adolphe Sere de Rivieres (1815-1895) French General and military engineer whose ideas revolutionised the design of fortifications in France.Philippe Petain (1856-1951) French General and Marshal of France who commanded the French Army in World War I and became head of the collaborationist regime of Vichy France from 1940-44 during World War II. De Gaulle had been the protégée of Petain from 1912, and throughout World War I, however by the time of the present letter their relationship had become strained. De Gaulle would later declare that Petain’s life was ‘successively banal, then glorious, then deplorable, but never mediocre’.

WELLINGTON DUKE OF: (1769-1852) Anglo-Irish Field Marshal, the Victor of Waterloo, 1815. British Prime Minister 1828-30, 1834. An excellent, lengthy A.L.S., Wellington, eight pages, 4to, Elvas, 17th June 1811, to Sir Charles Stuart. Wellington acknowledges receipt of his correspondent’s three letters (‘as I have been forward with the troops for some days I have not been able to send you answers as regularly as I ought’), adding that he does not recall having written to Stuart on the subject of hay in Lower Beira, ‘If I should want any article of that description, and money is to be laid out in the previous collection of it for a magazine for the British army, I shall employ a British Commissary on the service, as I know from experience what a very good thing it is to give money to have a magazine collected for the British army by the Portuguese. We can scarcely keep them out of the magazines we collect for ourselves and we should scarcely get into one which they should collect for us’ and continuing to relay his views on the current state of affairs in frank terms, ‘If it was not a matter of most serious importance, which may go not only to the safety of the army, but to the fate of the whole cause, I should be highly diverted by the bustle occasioned at Lisbon by the danger of Elvas. All of a sudden the utmost activity prevails, and all means are set at work to relieve distress which ought never to have existed, if common precautions had been taken, or if any measures had been adopted to feed General Hamilton’s division, excepting to throw their consumption upon the magazines of the fortress. After all this bustle will produce nothing in time; and if I cannot get up a sufficient supply from our magazines, I shall be obliged to fight a battle to save this place against the whole force of Andalusia, Castille and the centre of Spain, with diminished force on my side. The enemy will be one fourth stronger than us in every arm, nearly double in cavalry, and we shall not have in the action 14000 Portuguese troops!! Under these circumstances I should, and shall, avoid a general action if I can; but I must put a countenance upon the state of affairs, and matters must be risked till provisions be placed in Elvas. The Portuguese Government may depend upon my bringing this subject under the distinct consideration of the Regent’s Ministers. I have long determined that I will have no discussion with them upon any subject; but I shall report the consequences of their conduct to my own Government, and leave to them to determine what shall be done. I conclude, however, that Lord Wellesley will think it necessary that our Regent should explain himself clearly to the Regent of Portugal on these subjects. I have no objection to agricultural cattle being purchased and distributed to the districts that require them, provided the money which is to purchase them is not to come out of the military chest…..I also beg that whatever is thus given in charity may be given on the ground of the wants of the several districts, and by no means in reference to the wants of the means of transport for the military operations. The Government have it in their power to collect those means of transport whenever we may require them, and ought to do their duty; and I do not think that the charity of the people of England ought to be laid out to aid in the operations of the war, or to save the Government the trouble of forcing those parts of the people who have not suffered to do their duty by their country. The quantity of 24 pound shot, we understand, that could be sent from Lisbon, was 480, which we fired in about two hours!!! I never heard there was any at Estremoz. This place, however, has 6000 mors shot than it had before we commenced operations against Badajoz; and although we destroyed sixteen miserable guns, it has four more pieces of ordnance, and these sent up are better than those they had. All it wants is provisions. The state of this place, however, and the means of keeping it hereafter, are subjects of very, very serious consideration, upon which I shall address Sir William Beresford….If we save it now, this Government will yet lose it, if they pay the usual attention to it’. Wellington concludes his letter with news of manoeuvres, ‘Soult has been very cautious in his movements, and has kept clear of us, and has gone to his right. I think he communicated with Regnier yesterday, not by Merida, but by Medellin, as Regnier also does not dash now. We raised the blockade and crossed the Guadiana this morning. Blake marches tomorrow to cross the Guadiana again at Mertola, and try something towards Seville’. A letter of outstanding content written at the height of the Peninsular War. Some light age wear and a few minor, small tears to some edges, otherwise VG Charles Stuart (1779-1845) British diplomat, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Portugal and Brazil 1810-14. British Ambassador to France 1815-24, 1828-30 and British Ambassador to Russia 1841-44. Sir John Hamilton (1755-1835) British Lieutenant-General who attached himself to Wellington’s British army on campaign in 1810. Richard Wellesley (1760-1842) 1st Marquess Wellesley. Anglo-Irish politician and colonial administrator who served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1809-12. Elder brother of the Duke of Wellington. William Beresford (1768-1854) 1st Viscount Beresford. Anglo-Irish General who fought alongside Wellington in the Peninsular War. Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1769-1851) 1st Duke of Dalmatia. French General, a Marshal of the Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. From 1808 Soult commanded the French forces during the Peninsular War and was ultimately driven out of Spain by the coalition forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington. Joaquin Blake (1759-1827) Spanish General who served with distinction in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

LOUIS XVI: (1754-1793) King of France 1774-92. Executed by guillotine. L.S., Louis, one page, small 4to, Paris, 28th December 1791, to [Nicolas] Luckner, in French. The King states that the National Assembly have approved his desires ‘en me mettant a portee de vous donner une marque eclatante de satisfaction et d'estime’ (Translation: ‘by putting myself within reach of giving you a dazzling mark of satisfaction and esteem’) and continues to remark ‘La dignite a laquelle je vous eleve, en meme temps qu'elle est la recompense de vos services passes, doit etre pour vous un puissant motif d'en rendre de nouveaux a la Patrie. et de repondre a l'attente de la nation et a ma confiance. Employez, Monsieur tous vos soins a retablir la discipline militaire: elle est le gage assure des succes pendant la guerre; et ce qui est plus precieux encore, elle est souvent un moyen de l'eviter’ (Translation: ‘The dignity to which I raise you, at the same time as it is the reward for your past services, must be for you a powerful motive to render new ones to the Fatherland, and to respond to the expectations of the nation and my confidence. Take all your care, Sir, to reestablish military discipline: it is the sure guarantee of success during the war; and what is even more precious, it is often a means of avoiding it’). With blank integral leaf. A few creases and some light age wear, about VG Nicolas Luckner (1722-1794) German Lieutenant General in French service who was made a Marshal of France in 1791. In April 1792 Rouget de Lisle dedicated his Chant de Guerre pour l’Armee du Rhin (‘War Song of the Army of the Rhine’, better known as the Marseillaise) to Luckner.

MASO MARQUEZ BARTOLOME DE JESUS: (1830-1907) Cuban Politician and military Patriot. A main figure of Cuban independence. President of the Cuban ''Republic in Arms'' 1897-98. D.S., `Bart. Masó´, two pages, Cuba, 1st of August 1898, to officer Eligio Fariñas, in Spanish. The partially printed document, bearing the heading ''El Presidente de la Republica de Cuba'', is a military appointment in favour of Eligio Fariñas, appointing him as infantry Lieutenant. Signed at the base by the President of the Republic Bartolomé Masó. The present document is signed during the short period of 12 months that Masó was President. Bearing to the front three blind embossed seals, one of the Liberating Army. With several countersignatures to the verso by several members of the government, including Jose Clemente Vivanco (1873-1946), also bearing several ink stamps of various ministries of the Republic of Cuba. Overall age wear and creasing, mostly to edges. F to G

CHURCHILL WINSTON S.: (1874-1965) British Prime Minister 1940-45, 1951-55. Nobel Prize winner for Literature, 1953. A very fine, extremely rare vintage signed colour 10 x 13.5 portrait of Churchill, the image (approx. 8.25 x 10.75”) being a colour transfer print from a 1945 photograph by David Waddington, printed in the United States of America in 1946 and depicting Churchill in a head and shoulders pose wearing the uniform of Air Commodore, Royal Air Force. Signed (‘Winston S. Churchill’) by Churchill in fountain pen ink to the lower border, which also features the facsimile signature of Waddington. Mounted to a contemporary stiff card, presumably for the purposes of framing, and with very slight evidence of a former tear to the lower right area of the image (just touching one letter of the signature) which has been professionally restored to an exceptional standard. A highly attractive signed image of Churchill, and of the utmost rarity. About VG The present image of Great Britain’s wartime Prime Minister is believed to be one of only five signed copies in existence. We have only been able to locate one other example as having previously sold at auction (Sotheby’s, Churchill in Charge – 80th Anniversary auction, New York, 20th May 2020, lot 64, sold for $22,500). David Waddington was serving as an airman with the Royal Air Force when he was released from duty to photograph Churchill in 1945 as part of the RAF colour portrait project. Waddington’s work would be used to raise money for the joint benefit of the United States Army Air Forces Aid Society and Royal Air Force charities. Churchill was so delighted with the results of Waddington’s photographs that he later requested and signed five direct-colour transfer prints for presentation – the present example understood to be one of those five. Near identical transfer prints were produced in large quantities for fundraising purposes with Waddington’s facsimile signature but, of course, without that of Churchill himself.

MACEO Y GRAJALES JOSE ANTONIO: (1845-1896) Guerrilla iconic Leader and second-in-command of the Cuban army of independence. Cubans nicknamed Maceo ''The Bronze Titan'' because of his multiple wounds in battle, while Spanish nicknamed him ''The elder Lion''. Maceo was killed near Punta Brava by Spanish forces after being betrayed by the physician of his headquarters. Rare D.S., `Jose Maceo´, one page, folio, Head Quarters of El Perico, 14th March 1896, in Spanish. The present letter was signed by Maceo six months before being killed. The partially printed document bears a printed coat of arms to the upper left corner and is the appointment of vice-Lieutenant Miguel Fernandez as Lieutenant, and signed by Mateo y Grajales in his capacity as General Major of the Liberation Army of Cuba. Overall important age wear, creasing and staining, with few holes and small tears to edges. Large repairs to the verso. P

BERTHIER LOUIS-ALEXANDRE: (1753-1815) Marshal of France, Prince of Neuchatel. Chief of Staff under Napoleon. A good L.S., `Alexandre´, one page, 4to, Dresden, 16th July 1813, to Monsieur the General Count of Monthion, in French. An interesting letter by Berthier, referring to the troops marching from Erfurt to Dresden, being the preliminary troops movements ordered by Napoleon prior the Battle of Dresden. Berthier reports `Monsieur le Général Doucet me rend compte Monsieur le Général Monthion, qu´il a fait partir d´Erfurt le 14 pour se rendre à Dresde, la 26º colonne de marche composée ainsi qu´il suit…´ (Translation: “Monsieur the General Doucet reports to me, Monsieur the General Monthion, that he has made the 26t infantry regiment depart on the 14th from Erfurt and march towards Dresden, the troops including as follows…”) Berthier further lists with detail the number of officers (38), the number of soldiers (1456), number of officer´s horses (40) and troops horses (312) which march from Erfurt to Dresden and which will arrive to destiny `Cette colonne de marche arrivera le 20 Juillet à Dresde´ (Translation: “This infantry regiment will reach Dresden on 20th July”) These French troops will arrive to Dresden on 20th July and will join other French troops before the Battle of Dresden took place a month later on 26th & 27th August 1813. Despite being heavily outnumbered, French forces under Napoleon scored one of their last important victories. With left edge very slightly uneven, otherwise G Pierre Doucet (1761-1834) French General of the revolutionary wars and first Empire. Doucet commanded the Erfurt post from 23rd January 1813, until the 13th July when he was appointed Commander of the 1st Brigade of the 2nd infantry division of the 1st army corps. On November 1813, Doucet was made prisoner after the surrender of Dresden. François Gédéon Bailly de Monthion (1776-1850) French General.

TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE FRANÇOIS-DOMINIQUE: (1743-1803) Haitian General and revolutionary Leader. Widely regarded as the “Father of Haiti”. The most important leader of the Haitian Revolution. Toussaint Louverture fought first against the French, later for them, and finally and again against France for the cause of Haitian independence. An exceptional historical content letter, L.S., Toussaint Louverture, five pages, Headquarters of Dekao, 18th September 1798, to Citizen Vincent, Director of the engineering fortifications of Saint-Domingue, in Paris, in French. The Letter bears the printed heading “Toussaint Louverture, Général en chef de l´Armée de Saint-Domingue”, being a small writing lengthy and cleanly written manuscript letter. Toussaint Louverture makes a very extensive report of the situation on the island, giving full details on the recent events and explaining what were the ideals he fought for, and how much things have changed, and feeling betrayed blames the attitude and behaviour of the French authorities. To the beginning of the letter Toussaint Louverture announces his retirement request, stating in part `…mes dépêches au gouvernement et pour demander ma retraite au Directoire… pour me récompenser des services que j´ai rendu à la république… je suis convaincu qu´il est impossible à un officier inférieur d´opérer le bien s´il n´a pas la confiance de son gouvernement…´ Toussaint Louverture promptly initiates his wording attacks against General Hédouville who is in his opinion the main responsible of the chaos situation and predicts a very dark future for the colony, saying `Autant j´avais eu de plaisir à voir arrive dans cette colonie le general Hédouville, autant je m´étais plu à lui donner ma confiance sur la bonne reputation don’t on l´avait environné et d´après ce qu´on publiait de son caractère pacificateur et conciliateur, autant j´ai eu de la peine à le voir agir d´une manière entièrement oposée à ce que ces bonnes qualités semblaient announcer. La plus parfait concorde régnait à son arrive et déjà il se manifeste des germes de divisions, il porte un esprit soupçonneux contre tous les hommes qui ont le mieux servi la république; il ne rêve que complots, rassemblement, que soulèvement; il prend pour des réalités tous les rapports que les ennemis de la liberté et de l´ordre… J´aime mieux me retirer. Qu´une colonie est malheureuse d´être livrée constament à l´ignorance ou aux préjugés de nouveaux administrateurs…´ Further again, Toussaint Louverture sends a very important warning and advice to the French government, predicting the future and stating in part `Je vous parle à coeur ouvert, Citoyen et ami, pour bien établir le nouveau regime à Saint Domingue, il faut des hommes sans préjugés, sans passions, il faut des hommes froids et pacifiques et je ne sais où on a trouvé que le general Hédouville avait le caractère pacificateur. S´il m´était possible de vous communiquer ma correspondence elle vous prouverait que je n´avance pas légèrement une opinion, toutes mes démarches sont amèrement censures, toutes mes actions blames et s´il n´accuse pas encore ouvertement mes intentions, je sens qu´il est très dispose à aller jusque là. Il e nest de même pour tous les militaires qui comme moi ont bien servi la république et sans notre ardent attachement à la France à la liberté et à l´ordre si solidement établi, beaucoup d´entre eux eussent déjà donné leur demission car le découragement est dans toutes les âmes. Que peut-on nous reprocher, c´est par nos soins, notre courage, notre patriotism, que la colonie est aujourd´hui totalement purgée d´ennemis, que les divisions sont anéanties, que l´ordre s´est établi, et que la culture a fait de grands progress…´ ( Further again, and before concluding, Toussaint Louverture seems to announce what can happen, and what will finally happen, saying `J´entrai en campagne le Treize pluviose, et avant le premier prairial, l´armée de la république avait conquis le Mirbalais, les grands bois, la partie espagnole au pouvoir des anglaise, les montagnes de l´arcahaye et pris possession des places de Saint-Marc, l´Arcahaye et port républicain… Toutes ces places son ten Meilleur état que lorsqu´elles ont été livrées aux ennemis de la france; plus de quince mille noirs sont entrés dans la colonie et ont été reportés sur leurs anciennes habitations, une très grande partie de l´armée va Être licenciée, et d´jà j´ai comencé cette opération en renvoyant plus de trois mille soldats sur leurs habitations respectives sans que ce licenciment ait produit la plus légère sensation, ni la moindre réclamation. Voila mon cher concitoyen les bonnes Nouvelles que vous pouvez donner à la france. J´ai trouvé la colonie livrée à toutes les horreurs de la guerre civile, ruinée, incendiée, saccagée, je la rend à la france purgée d´ennemis extérieurs, tranquille et sa culture atant fait de grands progres…. Mon dernier voeu sera pour la France et mon dernier soupir pour la liberté. Vous savez mon cher concitoyen avec quel acharnement on a accuse les noirs de barbarie et d´atrocités; ils voulaient être libres… on disait qu´ils éyaient les ennemis des blancs et que jamais ils ne voudraient les recevoir dans les colonies et maintenant que les noirs ont reçu leurs anciens maitres à bras ouverts…´ (Translation: “I entered the campaign on the thirteenth pluviose and before the first prairial, the army of the republic had conquered the Mirbalais, the big woods, the Spanish part in the power of the English, the mountains of arcahaye and took possession of the places of Saint Marc, the Archaye and Port-Republican… All these places are in better condition than when they were delivered to the enemies of France; more than fifteen thousand blacks have entered the colony and have been spread out over their former homes. A very large part of the army is going to be dismissed and I have already begun this operation by sending back more than three thousand soldiers to their respective homes, without this dismissal producing the slightest sensation, nor the least complaint. Here are my dear fellow citizen, the good news that you can give to France, I found the colony dismembered, delivered to all the horrors of the civil war, ruined, burned, ransacked, that makes France purged of external enemies, quiet and its culture having made great progress,.. my last wish will be for France, my last breath for liberty. You know, my dear fellow citizen, how relentlessly the blacks were accused of barbarism and atrocities; they wanted to be free,… It was said that they were the enemies of the whites and that they would never want to receive them in the colony, and now that the blacks have received their former masters with open arms…”) An excellent historical content letter. With spine reinforced. G to VG Gabriel d´Hédouville, (1755-1825) Comte d´Hédouville. French soldier and Diplomat. Toussaint Louverture was negotiating their withdrawal when France's latest commissioner, Gabriel d´Hédouville, arrived in March 1798, with orders to undermine his authority. Nearing the end of the revolution Louverture grew substantially wealthy; owning numerous slaves, obtaining properties, and earning almost 300,000 livre per year. As leader of the revolution, this accumulated wealth made Louverture the richest person on Saint-Domingue. Louverture's actions evoked a collective sense of worry among the European powers and the US, who feared that the success of the revolution would inspire slave revolts across the Caribbean, the South American colonies, and the southern United States.OWING TO RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CAN NOT BE DISPLAYED. PLEASE CONTACT IAA EUROPE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. 

METTERNICH PRINCE KLEMENS VON: (1773-1859) Politician and Statesman, one of the most important diplomats of his era. Austrian Empire's Foreign Minister and Chancellor 1821-48. An excellent A.L.S., `Metternich´, two pages, 4to, n.p., 30th March, n.y., to a Count, in French. Metternich states in part `Le devis militaire est très juste tel que je vous le transmits. L´état dans equel se trouve le gros de l´armée aussi est très prospère; la cavalerie surtout est dans la meilleure situation. L´armée Prusienne est également très belle et bien équippée. Fasse le ciel que toutes ces forces soyent renvoyées chez elles planter des choux et battre les moineaux…´ (Translation: “The military estimate is very accurate as I sent it to you. The state in which the bulk of the army is also very prosperous; the cavalry especially is in the best situation. The Prussian army is also very well and well equipped. Hope that heaven will grant that all these forces are sent home to plant cabbages and beat the sparrows…”) Further and before concluding, Metternich states `Vous importez de Vienne le suffrage d´un public bien difficile à connaitre – et duquel il n´est pas moins difficile d´être connu; l´Empereur vous a témoigné lui-même combien il vous rend justice…´ (Translation: “You brought from Vienna the vote from a public that is very difficult to know – and of which it is no less difficult to be known; the Emperor himself has testified to you how much he recognizes your merits…”) Paper with Ivy Mill 1804 watermark. Very small overall minor creasing to borders, otherwise about VG

DAVOUT LOUIS NICOLAS: (1770-1823) Marshal of France, Duc d´Auerstaedt and Prince of Eckmuhl. Known as the Iron Marshal, Davout was the only Napoleonic Marshal not to have been defeated in battle by 1815. Unusual A.L.S., `L. Davout´, two pages, 4to, Ostroleka, (north of Warsaw), in Poland, 30th January [1807], to his wife Aimée Leclerc, in French. Davout sends a manuscript letter to his wife from Poland, where he has been recently appointed by Napoleon Governor-General of the new created Duchy following the Treaties of Tilsit few months before. Davout, without giving further explanations about the forthcoming important battle, informs his wife that he will be away for several days and that he will not be able to receive her letters, and tries to calm her concerns regarding his health, stating in part `Je suis en course pour quelques jours, ma petite aimée, cependant le tem[p]s qu'elle durera je dois prendre mon parti et me résigner sur la privation la plus pénible, celle de ne pas recevoir de tes nouvelles. Je profiterai de toutes les occasions qui se présenteront pour t'en donner des miennes et te recommande de n'avoir aucune inquiétude sur ma santé, elle est excellente et peut bien supporter les froids qui d'ailleurs ne sont pas excessifs. J'ai reçu au moment de mon départ de Pultusk ta lettre où était renfermé[e] une notte pour demander des renseignements sur un militaire auquel Fontaine prend intérêt. Ma course retardera ces renseignements mais ils seront pris, je ne perdrai point cet objet de vue..´ (Translation: “I am on the run for a few days, my little darling, however while it lasts I must make up my mind and resign myself to the most painful deprivation, that of not receiving news from you. I will take advantage of all the opportunities that I will have to give you some of mine and recommend that you have no worries about my health, it is excellent and can withstand the cold well, which is not excessive. At the time of my departure from Pultusk, I received your letter which contained a note requesting information on a soldier in whom Fontaine takes an interest. My absence will delay this information, but it will be taken, I will not lose sight of the matter…”) Before concluding Davout sends warm hugs for the children and their beloved mother. With address leaf bearing an ink stamp and large remnants of a red wax seal, half of it in very fine condition, bearing Davout´s name. Small overall creasing, mostly to the bottom right corner, otherwise G The present letter is written only a week before the important battle of Eylau, which took place on the 7th & 8th of February, between Napoleon´s Grande Armée and the Imperial Russian army. An inconclusive victory of Napoleon which ended with a snowy battlefield covered with thousands of dead and wounded. Eylau was the first serious check to the Grande Armée, and the myth of Napoleon's invincibility was badly shaken. However, the French went on to win the war when Tsar Alexander I decided to quit the war and make peace with France after Russia lost few months later the Battle of Friedland.

FAMOUS MEN & WOMEN: Selection of signed 8 x 10 photographs and a few smaller by a miscellaneous variety of famous men and women, featuring ballet and other dancers, choreographers, entertainers etc., including Manolo Vargas & Roberto Ximenez, Paul Taylor, Lupe Serrano, Scott Douglas, Glen Tetley, Christine Hennessy, Cynthia Gregory, Dennis Glen Cooper, Lesley Frost (daughter of Robert Frost), Lt. Col. Robert Bierly (conductor of the United States Army Field Band), Frank Stanton (President of CBS 1946-71), Lowell Thomas Jr., Nicol Smith (American travel writer), Thayer Soule (Marine Corps photographic officer on Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima during World War II), John D. Craig etc. Generally VG, 48

AUGEREAU CHARLES PIERRE FRANÇOIS: (1757-1816) Marshal of France, Duc de Castiglione. L.S., `Augereau – Duc de Castiglione´, a large and bold ink signature, one page, folio, Villefranche headquarters, 18th March 1814, to Chief of Battalion Pinchinat, in French. Augereau, in his capacity as Marshal of the Empire and Chief Commandant of the Lyon army appoints Pinchinat as Commandant of the Villefranche headquarters, stating in part `En vertu des pouvoirs qui nous sont donnés par sa Majesté l´Empereur & Roi, et sur le compte avantageux qui nous a été rendu des talents, de la bonne conduit et de la bravoure de Mr. Pinchinat, Chef de Bataillon, l´avons nommé et le nommons provisoirement et sauf l´approbation definitive de S.E. Le Ministre de la guerre, Commandant du quartier Général de l´armée…´ (Translation: “By virtue of the powers given to us by His Majesty the Emperor & King, and on the advantageous account given to us of the talents, good conduct and bravery of Mr. Pinchinat, Battalion Commander, we have appointed and we appoint him provisionally and subject to the final approval of H.E. The Minister of War, Commander of the General Headquarters of the army…”) Paper with circular watermark. Overall light foxing and minor age wear, with a very small tear to the fold of the left edge. G

[NAPOLEON – CORFU]: GENTILI ANTOINE (1751-1798) French-Corsican General who sided the French Republic. Governor of Corsica. He was defeated and surrendered to the British after their invasion of Corsica in 1794, but leaded the capture back of Corsica in 1796. A very interesting autograph letter addressed to the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, A.L., eight pages, folio, Head-Quarters of Corfu, 2nd July 1797, to Napoleon Bonaparte as Chief General of the Army of Italy, in French. The letter bears the printed heading of “A. Gentili, General of division and Commandant of the Army of Levant of the Army of Italy”. Gentili informs Napoleon that he has reached the port of Corfu, stating in part `Je m’étais fait précéder par les Citoyens d’Arbois, faisant fonction de chef de l’Etat-major, Arnaut et Brice, les Commissaires des Guerres que j’avais chargé de mes ordres pour reconnaitre les dispositions du Gouvernement et du peuple à notre égard et faire les préparatifs nécessaires pour l’établissement des troupes… dans les forteresses, et je me suis emparé de tous les magasins de Marine, d’Artillerie et du Génie, dont j’ai ordonné que l’on fit de suite l’inventaire…´ (Transcription: “I had been preceded by the Citizens d´Arbois, acting as Chief of the Head-Quarters, Arnaut and Brice, the War Commissioners whom I had charged with my orders to acknowledge the dispositions of the Government and the people to our regard and make the necessary preparations for the establishment of the troops... in the fortresses, and I seized all the stores of Navy, Artillery and Engineers, and I ordered to make immediately the inventories…”) Gentili lists the firearms, the 369 bronze and iron cannons, the 20 bronze howitzers and 121 bronze and iron swivels and mortars, not counting the ammunition and powder requisitioned. He further comments the military defence situation and refers to the Venice government, saying `La place de Corfou est très forte par sa situation; et les ouvrages que l’art y a ajouté la rendraient inexpugnable s’ils étaient réparés et entretenus; mais l’extrême négligence de l’ancien gouvernement vénitien laissait tomber en ruine ce boulevard de l’état…´ (Translation: “The position of Corfu is very strong because of its situation; and the works that art has added to it would make it impregnable if they were repaired and maintained; but the extreme negligence of the old Venetian government allowed this boulevard of the state to fall into ruin….”) Gentili further explains with enthusiasm how much the three thousand Italians and the seventy thousand Greeks people on the Island value their freedom and how much they admire our republic, and that they consider the French troops as their liberators, stating in part `On professe ici une admiration pour les Français qui va jusqu’à l’enthousiasme. Les Grecs sont en général beaucoup plus éclairés qu’on ne le suppose ordinairement et le souvenir de leurs origines n’est point éteint dans leurs âmes. Ils regrettent d’avoir vécu jusqu’alors pour le bénéfice d’une dure et plate aristocratie, qui, négligeant tous les objets d’un intérêt public, sans vertus comme sans lumières, s’opposait aux progrès de l’industrie, du commerce et de la raison humaine…´ (Translation: “Here they profess an admiration for the French that goes as far as enthusiasm. The Greeks are in general much more enlightened than is commonly supposed and the memory of their origins is not extinguished in their souls. They regret having lived until now for the benefit of a harsh aristocracy, which, neglecting all objects of public interest, without virtues or without enlightenment, opposed the progress of industry, of commerce and human reason…”) In this lengthy letter, Gentili further reports on the military and administrative changes required, and indicates what he would keep under the naval point of view, saying `Je prendrais donc le parti de conserver seulement un vaisseau vénitien de 74 canons, une frégate vénitienne et la frégate française ‘La Sensible’ avec quelques bâtiments de transport, le tout commandé par le capitaine Bourdé…´ (Translation: “I would therefore opt to keep only a Venetian ship of 74 guns, a Venetian frigate and the French frigate ‘La Sensible’ with a few transport vessels, all commanded by Captain Bourdé…”) Gentili before concluding explains that he has informed the Ambassador in Constantinople of the situation in Corfu and the inexact number and condition of the Venetian troops under his control, and refers to the excellent work done by d´Arbois who was at the head of the avant-garde capture of Corfu. Small overall age wear with a small stain and hole to the upper edge, not affecting the text. From 1386 to 1797, Corfu was ruled by Venetian nobility; much of the city reflects this era when the island belonged to the Republic of Venice, with multi-storeyed buildings on narrow lanes. The Old Town of Corfu has clear Venetian influence and is amongst the World Heritage Sites in Greece. It was in the Venetian period that the city saw the erection of the first opera house in Greece.By the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio, Corfu was ceded to the French, who occupied it for two years, the time of the present letter. Until they were expelled by a joint Russian-Ottoman squadron. For a short time it became the capital of a self-governing federation. In 1807 after the Treaty of Tilsit its faction-ridden government was again replaced by a French administration, and in 1809 it was besieged in vain by a British Royal Navy fleet, which had captured all the other Ionian islands.Following the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo, the Ionian Islands became a protectorate of the United Kingdom by the Treaty of Paris of 5th November 1815. Guillaume-François-Joseph Bourdé de La Villehuet (1763-1851) Capitain of vessel in 1798 and future Vice Amiral. He participated in the Egypt campaign. Joseph-Louis d´Arbois de Jubainville (1764-1803) French Officer, appointed General in 1802. He was a member of the St.Domingue expedition. Arrested by the British and mistreated, he died of yellow fever at the early age of 39.

FRENCH REVOLUTION: Manuscript D.S. by Jean-Marie Forest (1752-1799; French General during the French Revolution), Pierre Garnier de Laboissiere (1755-1809; French General during the French Revolution, appointed a Comte de l’empire by Napoleon in 1808) and three other individuals, each in their capacity as chief board members of the council of administration of the 2nd Regiment de Chasseurs a Cheval, one page, oblong 8vo, Lauterbach, 19th September 1793, in French. The document is a Campaign Certificate in which the council members attest to Louis Francois Roux having completed forty-nine years of effective service, including six campaigns in Hanover and two with the army of the Rhine during 1792 and 1793. Signed by each of the five council members at the foot and with a good red wax seal affixed to the upper left margin. A few minor stains and light age wear, otherwise VG

CATHERINE II THE GREAT: (1729-1796) Empress of Russia 1762-96, Catherine the Great. An excellent and very attractive D.S., `Ekaterina´, in Cyrillic, one large page, oblong 22 x 18.5 (56 cm x 46.5 cm), Saint Petersburg, Summer 1771, to General Ivan of Cologne, in Cyrillic. The manuscript document bears to the heading the title in large letters stating `Catherine II, by the Grace of God, Empress and Sovereign of All Russias´, being a certificate of good behaviour and services given to the Russian Army by an officer, and stating in part `We certify hereby, as it is universally known, that the bearer of this document, Ivan of Cologne, has been part of our military troops since 1733, and served as Major General of the Livonian regiment since the 3rd of March 1763, and that during the wars we have been involved in he proved to be a honourable, loyal, and obedient soldier and an experienced officer. On 31st January 1771 he has been, at his request, discharged from our service with the rank of Chief honorary General, and as a testimony and grant of all said, we issue the present document….´ With blank address leaf, bearing to the verso two annotations. Very small overall minor age wear. G

NAPOLEON I: (1769-1821) Emperor of France 1804-14, 1815. A very fine L.S., `Napol´, one page, 4to, gilt edges paper, Saint Cloud, 21st April 1806, to Eugene Beauharnais, in French. Napoleon sends an important military letter to Eugene Beauharnais, appointed a year earlier Viceroy of Italy, referring to the provisioning of the French troops shortly after the conclusion of the campaign of Italy. The letter dictated by the Emperor is in the hand of Meneval. Napoleon states in part `Mon fils, vous trouverez ci-joint l´état de l´habillement qui reste à fournir aux corps qui son ten Italie. Faites-moi connaitre ce que les corps auraient reçu au 1er Mai, et faites passer par le general Charpentier la revue des corps qui sont dans le Royaume d´Italie, de ceux de l´armée du général Marmont qui sont en Istrie, et des dépôts des corps qui sont en Dalmatie. Chargez-le de vous faire sur ces corps le même travail que sur les dépôts de l´armée de Naples, sur leur habillement, équipement et armement au 1er Mai´ (Translation: “My son, you will find attached the state of the troops clothing which remains to be provided to the corps which are in Italy. Let me know what the corps will have received on May 1st, and make General Charpentier review the corps which are in the Kingdom of Italy, those of the army of General Marmont which are in Istria, and the warehouses of the corps which are in Dalmatia. Instruct him to do the same work on these corps as he did with the army warehouses of Naples, on their clothing, equipment and armament on May 1st”) Further, Napoleon refers to his cavalry corps, and states `Je vous recommande de nouveau ma Cavalerie. Exigez que les corps qui ont de l´argent… l´emploient et se procurent des chevaux´ (Translation “I recommend my Cavalry to you again. Demand that the corps which have money… use it and get horses”) With blank integral leaf. Very small minor creases, otherwise VG Eugene de Beauharnais (1781-1824) French Prince, son of Josephine de Beauharnais, Viceroy of Italy 1805-14 and Grand Duke of Frankfurt.Claude François de Méneval (1778-1850) Baron of the Empire. Memoirist of the 19th century. Napoleon´s private secretary and his closest collaborator.Auguste Marmont (1774-1852) Marshal of France. Duc de Raguse.Henri François Marie Charpentier (1769-1831) French General of the revolutionary wars. In 1806, the year of the present letter, Charpentier became chief of staff to Eugene Beauharnais in Italy.

PONIATOWSKI JOZEF: (1763-1813) Polish General, Minister of War and Army Chief. Marshal of the Empire. An excellent D.S., `Joseph Prince Poniatowski´, one page, large folio, 11.5 x 18.5 (29.5cm x 46cm), Warsaw, 1th August 1808, in Polish. Poniatowski, in his capacity as Minister of war, appoints an infantry officer. The partially printed document bears a large printed coat of arms to the heading, with the printed text heading “Frederick August – By God´s grace, King of Saxony, Duchy and Warsaw, etc.. – Polish Army – Duchy of Warsaw”. The title appoints Tadeusz Wolinski as Major of the First Infantry regiment. Signed by Poniatowski at the base, the first two words with light ink. Overall age wear and foxing, although fully legible. Professionally repaired to the verso to edges. About G

MANTEUFFEL HASSO VON: (1897-1978) German General of World War II who commanded the 5th Panzer Army. Knight’s Cross winner with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. T.L.S., v Manteuffel, to the verso of a colour picture postcard featuring a colour illustration of a painting of flowers by Jan van Huysum, Diessen am Ammersee, 3rd August 1977, to Colonel Edward Schaefer. Manteuffel thanks his correspondent for having sent him a magazine and continues ‘We have had till now no summer in this area, but we hope it will come because we wait for our great grandchildren from Persia/Iran’. Together with a modern reproduction 4 x 6 photograph of Manteuffel in a head and shoulders pose wearing his uniform and Knight’s Cross and with a facsimile signature dated May 1944. VG, 2

JOURDAN JEAN BAPTISTE: (1762-1833) Marshal of France. An interesting D.S., Jourdan, four pages, folio, Niederbach, 12th October 1795. The document bears the heading of the Sambre and Meuse army. Jourdan states `..we have not been able to contact the Rhin and Moselle army on the left shore, and we found on the right flank an important enemy garrison stopping part of the Sambre and Meuse army..´ further saying `..in order to safeguard our army, and to look for the right occasion to fight the enemy advantageously…today at 7h in the evening, the troops will take the arms in silence after having lightened fires all along the outposts..´ Jourdan explains the troops movements plans including the regiments leaded by Lefebvre, Harville, and many other generals and refers specifically to General Kleber troops saying `..they will cross the Rhin using boats situated near Mayence. If General Kleiber considers that the whole division can cross the Rhin without risks he will do so, and will try to do same at St-Goard using all means he may found between Mayence and Koblenz.´ A good military content letter. Folded. Small overall, minor age wear with small tear to the centre fold, otherwise G

MONTBRUN DE POMAREDE HUGUES: (1756-1831) French General. Governor of the West province of the island, he was one of the very first mulatto chiefs of the revolt, when he leaded the legion named “Egalité”, comprising mulatto and black soldiers. A.L.S., `Montbrun´, one page, folio, Bordeaux, 2nd March 1804, on his own attractive military printed stationery showing his rank and name, to Bradshaw, in French. Montbrun, in his capacity as army Commander in the city of Bordeaux gives an order, stating `..you will leave Bordeaux immediately and you will reside at 10 leagues of the city at least, and same distance from any coast or boundary, and more than 30 leagues from Paris..´ further saying that he will have to report on his exact residence in order to be supervised. The present letter is related to the French-British conflict after the peace of Amiens failure. Folded. VG

FREDERICK DUKE OF YORK: (1763-1827) British Prince and Field Marshal, son of King George III. Commander-in-Chief of the British Army 1795-1809, 1811-27. A good A.L.S., Frederick, one page, 4to, Headquarters at Beveren, 12th April 1793, to an unidentified Lord. The Duke takes ‘the opportunity of the Dutch messenger returning with the mail for England’ to thank his correspondent for their obliging letters and further remarks ‘I am perfectly of your opinion that if we had not persuaded the Prince of Coburg to publish his second declaration, the bad advice which he had received would have done a prodigious deal of mischief’. The Duke also informs his correspondent of his plans ‘I mean to march from hence tomorrow morning to Lokeren and the next day to Ghent when I shall help the 15th’. Some light age wear and a few minor traces of former mounting to the verso, about VG Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1737-1815) Austrian nobleman and military General who commanded the army in the Austrian Netherlands in 1793-94 during the Flanders Campaign. His victory in the French Revolutionary Wars at Neerwinden in March 1793 led to the region returning to Austrian control. In 1793 Prince Frederick was sent to Flanders and placed in command of the British contingent of Coburg’s army destined for the invasion of France. The Prince and his soldiers fought in the Flanders Campaign under very adverse conditions although won several notable engagements including the Siege of Valenciennes in July 1793.

ALLILUYEVA SVETLANA: (1926-2011) Soviet writer and lecturer, the youngest child and only daughter of Joseph Stalin and his second wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva. Svetlana Alliluyeva caused an international sensation in 1967 by defecting to the United States, becoming a naturalised citizen in 1978. An interesting A.L.S., L. Peters, five pages, 4to, London, 14th March 1993, to Maurice Dalinval of Le Figaro. Alliluyeva states that she was glad to have met her correspondent the previous day and hopes that they will be able to work together on various projects, continuing to write, in part, ‘Since I’m seeing…..the young geologist from Kamchatka, Russia, I’ll ask him (without revealing the purpose) about some most interesting aspects of the “Science in Eastern Serbia” since that is the Grand theme which one should undertake while going there. A place of exile – in the past – the Eastern Siberia…..was place of massive “colonisation by scientist”, undertaken since late 1940ies and the idea was from the centre, then, of course. The reason was a wealth of underground treasures traced by geologists (including things like uranium, plutonium and others, needed for Atomic industries). The large “Army” of young scientist were recrouted (sic) – or went voluntarily…..new towns were built….(more military purposes & organisations were not revealed to public). Yet in the 5 decades two generations of dedicated scientists emerged there; cities flourished; schools were better than that in the European part of USSR……There is a lot what to film about there and what to talk about and I’d be most gratefull (sic) if “Le Figaro” takes me on board (but quietly), so that I could then meet with my daughter. Yet this personal event should not (please!!) be advertised from the very beginning: there is so much more to speak about. Neither Americans (too lazy) nor British (too indifferent) are yet to speak about this unique huge area of development: they still believe the Siberia is a place of exile only. Not so……Another project – about a Book of Questions and Answers (how strange: that was my idea after I’ve returned from USSR to USA in 1986! Americans thought it was no good…..) With a good lively questions one can make a very interesting book……it shouldn’t be too light, though – there is a lot of serious things to talk about (and I hate to say anything that could upset my children on both sides of the globe)…….Finally, I hasten to explain that an Essay on the subject “Why I’ve become a Catholic” is strictly for the audience of Catholics or clergy; it is not a popular or secular subject…..So, thank you very much again, - and please let us stay in touch about these new projects: those can be very interesting’. Accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by Alliluyeva and marked ‘Personal & Private’ and signed (‘L. P.’) by Alliluyeva with her initials in the return address panel to the verso. A few very light, minor creases, otherwise VG

EGYPT CAPITULATION – DAMAS FRANÇOIS-ETIENNE: François-Etienne Damas (1764-1828) French General who joined the National Guard on 14th July 1789. He was appointed Chief of Head Quarters under Kleber and was noted for his conduct at the assault on Alexandria and during the French invasion of Egypt. Damas, appointed General, commanded troops in Egypt after Kleber´s death. On his return from Egypt, Damas was disgraced by Napoleon. Marshal Murat, as Grand Duke of Berg, would later appoint him as his Secretary of State and military Commander. Damas fought in the French invasion of Russia, distinguishing himself at the battle of Berezina. The restored King Louis XVIII appointed him Commander of the Garde Royale of Paris. An extremely interesting and historic L.S., `Damas´, three pages, folio, Cairo, Egypt, 18th March 1800, addressed to the “Soldiers of the Army”, in French. The letter bears the printed heading of the General Kleber, Head-Quarters of Cairo, with the motto and a vignette of the French Republic. The letter forwards to all French soldiers in Egypt the message received from the Commander of the English fleet, stating `Soldats, Voici la lettre qui vient de m´être adréssée par le Commandant en chef de la flotte anglaise dans la Méditerrannée, à bord du Vaisseau de S.M.B. La Reine Charlotte, le 8 Janvier 1800´ (Translation: “Soldiers, Here is the letter which has just been sent to me by the Commander-in-Chief of the English fleet in the Mediterranean, aboard the S.M.B. Queen Charlotte, January 8, 1800”) Further the letter lists all the conditions that the King of Great Britain establishes before accepting the French surrender, stating in part `Je vous préviens que j´ai reçu des ordres de Sa Majesté de ne consentir à aucune Capitulation avec l´Armée française que vous commandez en Egypte et en Syrie, à moins qu´elle ne mette bas les armes, qu´elle ne se rende prisonnière de guerre, n´abandonne tous les Vaisseaux et toutes les munitions… qu´en cas de Capitulation, je ne dois permettre à aucune troupe de retourner en France avant qu´elle n´ait été échangée… enfin, que les bâtiments qui seront rencontrés retournant en Europe avec des passeports accordés en consequence d´une Capitulation particulière avec une des puissances alliées, seront retenus comme prises, et tous les individus à bord considérés comme prisonniers de guerre´ (Translation: “I warn you that I have received orders from His Majesty not to consent to any Capitulation with the French Army that you command in Egypt and Syria, unless the French Army lays down its arms, unless the French Army surrenders, unless they abandon all ships and all ammunition... that in the event of Capitulation, I must not allow any troops to return to France before they have been exchanged... finally, that the vessels which will be encountered returning to Europe with passports granted as a result of a particular Surrender with one of the Allied Powers, will be retained as prisoners, and all individuals on board considered prisoners of war”) The copied message of the British fleet Commander is signed by a clerk “Keith”, same happens with Kleber´s signature beneath a harangue to French soldiers, saying `Soldats, nous saurons répondre à une telle insolence par des victoires, préparez-vous à combattre´ (Translation: “Soldiers, we will know how to respond to such insolence, with victories, be ready for the fight”) Signed at the conclusion by Damas in his capacity as “Le Chef de l´Etat Major Général”. Two days after the present letter was written, Kléber defeated the Mamlukes at the Battle of Heliopolis on 20th March 1800, but after this last victory the Anglo-Ottomans commenced their land offensive. The French were defeated by the British in the Battle of Alexandria on March 21st, surrendered at Fort Julien in April and finally Cairo fell on 27th June. Overall minor age wear and small creasing, mostly to edges. With some very small warm holes. G Jean-Baptiste Kleber (1753-1800) French General during the French Revolutionary wars. Kleber was also a trained architect. Best remembered for suppressing the Vendée Revolt. He accompanied Napoleon in the Egyptian Campaign. When Napoleon appointed Kleber as Commander of the French forces he was assassinated in Cairo on 14th June 1800, only three months after the present letter was issued. Lord Keith (1746-1823) George Keith Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith. British naval officer during the Napoleonic Wars. On 30th August 1801 the French General Menou offered to surrender and proposed terms, which were considered, partly accepted and in many details amended, by the British Admiral Lord Keith and General John Hely-Hutchinson. Under Article 16 of the capitulation "the Arabian manuscripts, the statues, and the other collections which have been made for the French Republic, shall be considered as public property, and subject to the disposal of the generals of the combined army." This led to the transfer to British possession of the Rosetta Stone.

HINDENBURG PAUL VON: (1847-1934) German Field Marshal and statesman who served as President of Germany 1925-34 and played a key role in the Nazi seizure of power, appointing Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in 1933. D.S., von Hindenburg, one page, folio, Berlin, 1st August 1926, in German. The partially printed document, completed in typescript, confirms the promotion of several military officers including, with effect from 1st July 1926, Major Ritter und Edler von Monschaw becoming a Lieutenant Colonel in the 1st (Prussian) Artillery Regiment and, with effect from 1st August 1926, Captain Hildebrand becoming a Major with command of the Hammerstein military training area. Signed by Hindenburg at the conclusion alongside a blind embossed seal and countersigned at the foot by Waldemar Reinecke, Chief of the Army Command, and one other. Two file holes to the left edge, not affecting the text or signatures. VG

[BURNED VILLAGES]: JOURDAN JEAN BAPTISTE (1762-1833) Marshal of France. An excellent A.L.S., Jourdan, one page, 4to, Headquarters of Siegberg, 21st October 1795, to General Lefebvre, in French. With his hand written heading of the Sambre et Meuse Army, Jourdan states `Having the inhabitants of the Welscheydt village shoot yesterday at our Republic troops, with the result of a Captain injured, a caporal killed and several soldiers injured too, we order General Lefebvre to send during the day two hundred infantry soldiers who will burn the mentioned village of Walscheydt. The General will warn the surrounding villages inhabitants that Walscheydt has been burned because their people shot at the Republic troops..´ With lower border trimmed and right edges slightly trimmed. With blank integral leaf bearing an ink stamp. Together with A.L.S., by a soldier, three pages, 4to, Vermigny, 9th March 1794, addressed to his father, a winegrower, in French. The soldier states in part `..we have been marching in the heavy snows of Maurienne because we are quartered in a village, which we already burned last year, called Vermigny..´ Also including a one page print, folio, issued at Pirmasens, Germany, 26th July 1794, in French and German. The text by Henz, Representative of the People of the Rhin army refers to the village of Couselle and states in part `..Having shown that they are the enemies of the republic and the devoted friend of their enemies, and specially of the Prussians, the village will be burned.´ The General of the Moselle army is requested to execute immediately the order. G, 3 The village of Walscheid (Moselle) was rebuilt and at today´s date has over 1600 inhabitants. The Vermigny and Couselle villages were fully destroyed and razed during the revolution, and no further testimonies have been found.

SIMON EDOUARD-FRANÇOIS: (1769-1827) French General. L.S., `E.F. Simon´, two pages, during the besiege of Almeida, folio, 19th August 1810, to a General, in French. Simon refers to the assassination of a sutler in his own camp, and states in part `I have ordered to arrest Salano, and few other persons who were eating yesterday at the canteen when the crime took place. I have also instructed to proceed with the burial. It is evident that he was killed only with the purpose of robbing him…will announce a reward in order to discover the murderers..´ Folded. With age wear to the borders. G The besiege of the city of Almeida by the French army was leaded by Marshal Ney from 25th July to 27th August 1810, and concluded with the surrender of the English-Spanish troops.

LENIN VLADIMIR: (1870-1924) Russian revolutionary and politician who served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia 1917-24 and of the Soviet Union 1922-24 & TSIURUPA ALEXANDER (1870-1928) Bolshevik leader and Soviet politician who served as People's Commissar for Food of the RSFSR 1918-21. A rare D.S. by both Lenin ('V Ulyanov (Lenin)') and Tsiurupa ('A Tsyurupa') individually, one page, folio, Kremlin, Moscow, 20th June 1919, with the stamped heading of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Workers and Peasants Defence Council, in Cyrillic. The typed document is addressed to Narkomprod (People's Commissariat for Food Supplies) of Crimea and states, in part, 'Considering the severity of the food situation in Russia, and the enormous shortages of food for children, especially for sick children, I suggest that all canned fruits available in Crimea, as well as cheese, should be earmarked solely for feeding sick children in Northern Russia. Products should be sent to Komprod's address'. Signed at the conclusion by Lenin in his capacity as Chairman of the Defence Council and by Tsiurupa in his capacity as People's Commissar for Food Supplies, alongside an official circular purple ink stamp. Some very light, extremely minimal age wear, VGThe People's Commissariat for Food Supplies (also known by it's abbreviation Narkomprod) was originally founded in 1917 and was the ministry of the Russian SFSR in charge of food supplies and industrial goods.Lenin and Tsiurupa signed the present document at a significant time during the Russian Civil War (1917-23) throughout which Crimea changed hands numerous times. Whilst it was governed by the Bolsheviks in June 1919, it would not be long before it became the stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army under the command of General Anton Denikin. It is therefore possible that Lenin and Tsiurupa, aware of the situation facing Crimea, were attempting to get as much food as they could out of the area before it was too late.

CATHERINE II THE GREAT: (1762-1796) Empress of Russia 1762-96, Catherine the Great. An excellent and very attractive L.S., `Ekaterina´, in Cyrillic, two pages, 4to, Saint Petersburg, 20th October 1791, to Mikhailo Vasilievich, in Cyrillic. An excellent document signed, the Empress referring to the refurbishing of the Black Sea Fleet in case the Turks do not agree with the upcoming peace treaty, and mentioning the late Field-Marshal Potemkin who died only a week before the present letter was written. Catherine the Great states in part `In addition to our three commands that had already been given to you on the occasion of entrusting you with the responsibility for the future command and judgements of our Army previously led by the late General Field-Marshal Prince of Tauris, Potemkin, and of the Black Sea Fleet, we consider it necessary for you to do the following: first, to disarm the Black Sea Fleet and do your utmost to speed its repair and get it ready for the spring, storing the provisions and other necessities well in advance, in case of the failure of our negotiations with the Turks and their obstinacy in signing a peace agreement…´ Despite the peace treaty negotiations, the Empress distrusts the Turks, and gives additional orders, further saying `Second, to urgently build ships and other vessels, that we started or planned to be built under the command of the late Field-Marshal, informing us in every detail about the success of what is being built and where…´ VG Catherine II refers in the present letter to peace treaty negotiations, which will end up with the Treaty of Jassy, signed by the Russian and by the Ottoman Empire on 9th January 1792, only two months after the present letter was signed. Jassy was a city in Moldavia. This peace treaty put an end to the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-92 and confirmed Russia´s dominance in the Black Sea. The treaty was signed by Grand Vizier Koca Yusuf Pasha and by Prince Bezborodko who had succeeded Prince Potemkin as the head of the Russian delegation. Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tavricheski (1739-1791) Russian Nobleman, Military Leader, Prince of the Russian Empire and favourite of Catherine the Great. Potemkin took part in the coup which deposed Tsar Peter III in 1762, giving the power to the tsar´s wife Catherine II. Potemkin became her lover and adviser and the most powerful man in Russia. The present letter is signed only one week after Grigory Potemkin passed away.

KLEIST PAUL EWALD VON: (1881-1954) German Field Marshal of World War II, Knight’s Cross winner with Oak Leaves and Swords. D.S., v. Kleist, one page, 8vo, n.p. (‘Einsatzort’), 15th September 1941, in German. The partially printed document, completed in typescript, awards the Kriegsverdienstkreuz (War Merit Cross) Second Class with Swords to Wachtmeister Gunther Wehling. Signed at the foot by Kleist in his capacity as Generaloberst and leader of the 1st Panzer Army. Two file holes to the left edge and with some light age wear, about VG

DUMAS ALEXANDRE Pere: (1802-1870) French Writer whose works include The Three Musketeers. A rare and excellent Autograph Manuscript in the hand of Dumas, 82 pages, large 4to, n.p., n.d., being the manuscript of two chapters of his work Les Français à Naples (1862), in French. An unusually cleanly written rare manuscript, unsigned and apparently inedited. The first chapter contains thirteen scenes and the second chapter contains four scenes. The manuscript includes all dialogues and full text of his work, including the personages Emma [Hamilton], Teresa, Championnet, Le Prince, etc.. An excellent and lengthy manuscript in the hand of his author Alexandre Dumas. Very small age tone to some page borders, otherwise G to VG La San Felice is a late work by Alexandre Dumas published in 186, Teresa, 5. It reports on the enthusiasm of the people of Naples at the arrival of the French army, the creation of the Neapolitan republic, then the terrible repression and massacres which followed the monarchical restoration. In April 1861, Alexandre Dumas discovered the archives of the Neapolitan monarchy and he planned to create “a work which would not be without importance for the Cause". From these archives several works will be published. First, a history of the monarchy of Naples: Storia di Borboni di Napoli, published from May 1862 to February 1864 as a supplement to L'Indipendente, and partially translated into French under the title Les Bourbons de Naples, this manuscript being part of it. Essentially composed of documents, this text traces the history of the monarchy, specifying certain events and in particular the ephemeral Neapolitan Republic. The writer takes up a project already mentioned ten years earlier, that of the life of Lady Hamilton and, in particular, her role with the Queen of Naples, Marie-Caroline, and Nelson during the events of 1798- 1799. l’enthousiasme du peuple de Naples à l’arrivée de l’armée française, la création de la république napolitaine, puis la répression sauvage et les massacres qui suivent la restauration monarchique. En avril 1861, Alexandre Dumas découvre les archives de la monarchie napolitaine et il envisage d’en faire « un ouvrage qui ne serait pas sans importance pour la Cause. De ces archives vont naître plusieurs ouvrages. D’abord, une histoire de la monarchie de Naples : Storia di Borboni di Napoli, publiée du 15 mai 1862 au 6 février 1864 en supplément à L’Indipendente, et partiellement traduite en français sous le titre Les Bourbons de Naples. Essentiellement composé de documents, ce texte retrace l’histoire de la monarchie, précisant certains événements et en particulier l’éphémère République napolitaine. En fait, deux romans vont naître. L’écrivain reprend un projet déjà évoqué une dizaine d’années plus tôt, celui de la vie de lady Hamilton et, en particulier, son rôle auprès de la reine de Naples, Marie-Caroline, et de Nelson pendant les événements de 1798- 1799.

TAPONIER ALEXANDRE CAMILLE: (1749-1831) French General. At the Storming of the Bastille, Taponier was Sergeant and he leaded the assault to the prison. A.L.S., `Taponier´, one page, folio, Luxembourg, 29thth July 1800, to General Dessolles, in French. The partially printed document of the Army of the Rhin shows an attractive French Revolution vignette at the heading. Taponier requests further information regarding his future post and duties, and reports `General Chateauneuf-Randon, during a meeting we had, proposed to me the commandment of Metz city..´. Signed at the base by Taponier in his capacity as General of division. The document bears to the bottom right corner a Crawford collection stamp. Small overall age wear and creasing to the edges, folded, otherwise G

TROTSKY LEON: (1879-1940) Bolshevik Revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Russian October Revolution. T.L.S., L Trotsky, in Cyrillic, in bold blue indelible pencil, one page, small 4to, Moscow, 14th February 1919, in Cyrillic. Trotsky, in his capacity as Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, issues an order, ‘Due to his assignment to the Latvia Government Commissariat, Uhlenbeck is hereby relieved of his position as a railway officer. Comrade Peterson is hereby ratified as the new officer’. Also bearing two countersignatures and various annotations in ink and indelible pencil. Some light creasing and minor age wear and with slight traces of former mounting to the right edge of the verso, otherwise VG The train was an important mode of transport for Trotsky; indeed, during the Russian Civil War (1917-23) the Revolutionary used an armoured train to travel between Red Army fronts and as a secure command and propaganda centre. Trotsky wrote on the subject, declaring ‘the train was not only a military and political administration: it was an instrument of combat’.

WELLINGTON DUKE OF: (1769-1852) Anglo-Irish Field Marshal, the victor of Waterloo. British Prime Minister 1828-30, 1834. A very fine A.L.S., Arthur Wellesley, two pages, 4to, Clifford Street, London, 24th May 1806, to Lieutenant Stephens of HMS Fame at Portsmouth. Wellington announces 'I was very uneasy when I read in the newspapers different accounts of your being under examination before the Privy Council, although I was convinced that you had never committed any act, which could subject you to any legal punishment…' and adds that he is concerned that Stephens should have suffered from being detained for the enquiry '& still more so that I cannot give you any hopes that you will be promoted'. He further explains 'I really have no influence with the present Govt. but if your ship should be sent to foreign station you may depend on it that I will use every exertion to procure for you letters of recommendation to the Admiral who will command upon it.' With integral address leaf in Wellington's hand and also signed ('Free, Arthur Wellesley') in the lower left corner. A circular portion of the integral leaf, evidently where the seal was originally affixed, has been cut away. One very small, extremely minor, neat split to a fold, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise VG HMS Fame was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched in October 1805. In November 1808 she joined a squadron lying off Rosas where Captain Lord Cochrane was assisting the Spanish in the defence of Castell de la Trinitat against the invading French army.

BURGDORF WILHELM: (1895-1945) German General of World War II, Knight’s Cross winner. In October 1944 Burgdorf was appointed chief of the Army Personnel Office and chief adjutant to Adolf Hitler, playing a key role in the forced suicide of Erwin Rommel. Burgdorf committed suicide himself in the Fuhrerbunker on 2nd May 1945 at the conclusion of the Battle of Berlin. D.S., Burgdorf, in bold blue indelible pencil, one page, 4to, Head Quarters, Oberkommando des Heeres, 26th September 1944, in German. The typed document, with a few corrections in Burgdorf’s hand, states that the Fuhrer had ‘rejected the proposal to award the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross to the Chief of General Staff of an army corps’, noting that no outstanding act of bravery had been specified and that Hitler wanted to reserve the high honour for troop commanders who were solely responsible, ‘The Fuhrer further stated that he will generally only award the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross to his command assistants if they are temporarily deployed as responsible leaders of troop formations and demonstrate independent decisions and outstanding bravery in particular’. With a number of annotations to the margins in Burgdorf’s hand, including one initialled by the General stating that the Fuhrer had read and approved the text. Scarce and with interesting content relating to the non-award of a Knight’s Cross. Two file holes to the left edge (filled to the verso) and with a few small tears and areas of paper loss, most noticeable to the upper edge, G

Mixed Dinky Lot to include a Bell Police Helicopter 732, Dinky RAF Dominie 728 both boxed and unused together with a Dinky Supertoys Missile Erector 666, Dinky Army Covered wagon, Boxed 623 Along with a Dinky AEC low loader with Sea king Helicopter with working winch. see photos.