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Historically Interesting Paperwork Grouping of Nuremberg War Trials Interest, documents relate to Dr Alfred Scholth who was “Chef der Heeresforst abteilung” (Chief of Army Forestry Department). Included in the grouping is his original International Military Tribunal identity pass allowing entry to the Palace of Justice for the Defendants Information Centre authorised by Lt Robert Tait; addressed envelope with cancel and stamp from Allied Prison Spandau; printed calling card; photograph of Scholth and his wife with painting of him in uniform behind; letters from the wife of Walter von Brauchitisch, plus other items. Interesting grouping relating to one of the most famous criminal trials in modern history.

3x Collectors Albums of Military, Castles and Nautical Postcards, very well presented collection of postcards. One album consists of mostly postcards of various military ships and commercial liners from various periods; 2nd album with quantity of postcards relating to Military tanks, WW1 and uniforms worn by various regiments of the British Army throughout the ages; 3rd album contains postcards of various castles throughout the United Kingdom. Various ages and conditions. (Large quantity of cards, viewing strongly recommended)

Scarce Early Daguerreotype Photograph of a British Army Officer in Fitted Stereoscope Case by William Edward Kilburn, fine double image of the officer in full uniform with shako and sword beside him. Housed in leatherette case with fitted leather stereoscope piece which clips to the side of the case turning the image into 3D. Gilt tooled “KILBURN’S STEREOSCOPE REGD 12TH JANY 1853 BREVETE A PARIS”. Top of the case lid with “BY APPOINTMENT” Royal crests and “MR KILBURN 253 REGENT STREET”. William Edward Kilburn (1818-1891) was an English photographer who was noted for his photographs of Royalty. Kilburns work was appreciated by Prince Albert and so he became the official photographer for the Royals. Kilburn made the first Daguerreotype photographs of Queen Victoria and her family in April 1847.

WW1 Photograph Album Salonika Front 1916-17, interesting snap shot photograph album compiled inside an exercise writing book, detailing one mans service during WW1 on the Salonika front. Many good images of fellow comrades, locals, street scenes, staff of the Army Dental Corps, Bulgarian officers, etc. Many people and places identified. Some images faded but generally mostly all clear. Rear of the book with civilian life images taken after WW1. 123 images of WW1 interest.

Selection of Military Books, mostly on uniforms and equipment of various branches of the armed services and nationalities. Many very useful titles. Including Japanese Army Uniforms & Equipment 1939-45, American Badges & Insignia, US Army Uniforms of the Korean War, Imperial German Army Handbook 1914-1918, plus others. Various conditions. (27 items)

Good Quality Photographs Relating to Waffen-SS and German Army Foreign Volunteer Units Including French, Dutch, Belgium etc. Mostly black and white press photographs with descriptive text to the reverse. Some re-print images of original photographs with various archive and press agency stamps to the reverse. Very good quality images giving good details of uniforms, insignia and equipment used by these foreign volunteers loyal to the Waffen-SS and German army. (98 images) Ex Brian L Davis Archive

Quantity of Photographs of Third Reich Interest, consisting of some press photographs but mostly later re-prints. Some very good quality images of Naval, German Army, Waffen-SS, SA and Political interest. (Over 120 images) Ex Brian L Davis Archive

Large Quantity of Photographs of WW2 British Military Interest, mostly being original press photographs with descriptions to the reverse. Some later re-print photographs also. Images relate to Commandos, Paratroopers, POW, Indian Army etc. Many good quality images ideal for uniform and insignia study. (115 images) Ex Brian L Davis Archive

Historically Important Handwritten Letter from Field Marshall Montgomery, Written to a Military Friend Brigadier A.K. Hay When D-Day was Imminent. The letter is on 21st Army Group, Headquarters notepaper and is fully handwritten. Brigadier Hay served with "Monty" at the British Army's premier training school at Camberley and as Monty writes "I have enjoyed putting into practice against the Germans the theories you and I used to teach at Camberley" The letter is dated 3rd June 1944 and at the time D-Day was expected to be the 5th (later delayed because of bad weather to the 6th) and Hay would have fully understood the comment " At the moment I am pretty well occupied-as you can imagine" Montgomery also refers to Dick O'Connor another friend of Hay, who had escaped from an Italian POW camp to take a key position IN 21st Army Group. Unusually the envelope has been addressed by Monty himself, stamp and dated with a Censor stamp and signature. Rare handwritten letter from our most famous World War II General on the eve of the greatest seaborne invasion in history

United States Army Air Force Aeronautical chart shows Northern France, scale 1:5000,000, prepared June 1944, revised April 1951.

Metal Wall Plaque-Nostalgic Classic-"For a Healthy Happy Job' -Join the Women's Land Army

Julian II AV Solidus. Lugdunum, AD 360-361. FL CL IVLIANVS P P AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS EXERC GALL, soldier standing right, head left, holding trophy over shoulder and placing hand on head of kneeling captive; star to left, LVG in exergue. RIC 226; Depeyrot 6/1. 4.58g, 21mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare; only one other example in CoinArchives. From a scattered hoard found in West Norfolk, Wednesday 12th April 2017 - Monday 8th May 2017. Submitted for consideration as Treasure, and returned to the finders. PAS ID: NMS-1A6962. In AD 355 Julian was appointed Caesar by his cousin Constantius II, and was entrusted with the defence of Gaul against Germanic invasion. Perhaps remembering their role as king-makers, the Gallic Army elevated Julian II to the rank of Augustus in AD 360 in defiance of Constantius II’s order for them to march east to counter a Sasanid invasion of Mesopotamia. This issue, with its reverse type explicitly referencing the Gallic Army, recalls the similar types of Constantine I. The Gallic Army had then been responsible for supporting Constantine’s illegal elevation to the purple upon the death of his father at Eboracum (York) in AD 306, and fought under him against the Frankish and Germanic tribes in several campaigns between 306 and 310, and which ultimately delivered him Rome and sole rule of the West in 312. It was a battle-hardened and effective force, regularly tested against the barbarian tribes which at this time made frequent incursions into Roman lands, and it was on account of this devoted and veteran army that Constantine was able to win a crushing victory over the numerically superior force of Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. Thus it was with this army that the reluctant Julian set about retracing the footsteps of his uncle, first dealing with the Franks and Alamanni, and then marching on Italy and Illyricum. Unlike Constantine though, no great slaughter was necessary for Julian to take the throne - Constantius II died of illness, leaving Julian as sole emperor of East and West.

Antoninus Pius AV Quinarius. Rome, AD 150-151. ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XIIII, bare head right / COS IIII, Liberalitas standing left, holding account board and vexillum, LIB-VI across fields. RIC 198a. 3.57g, 15mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare. Ex Ambrose Collection. Attested by the Historia Augusta (Life of Antonius Pius, IV, 9) as having been a generous and munificent emperor, Antoninus Pius is known to have given liberalities to coincide with major events in the Roman calendar such as the ninth centenary of the founding of the city of Rome in AD 148-149, and his third quinquennalia in 151-152. However the sixth largesse that he gave, which is celebrated in this reverse type, appears not to have been for a specific event save perhaps being given at the same time as a donative to the army; the first appearance of the vexillum as an attribute of Liberalitas in this series might have been intended to signify the coupling of the civilian largesse and army donative into one. It is somewhat ironic to note that Antoninus Pius, while so generous with his largesse to the people and the games and events held to mark the ninth centenary of the city, did in fact devalue the Roman currency concurrently: the silver purity of the denarius was decreased from 89% to 83.5%, the actual silver weight dropping from 2.88 grams to 2.68 grams. Reverse types such as this one, associating the traditional Roman Virtues such as Liberalitas with the emperor, are therefore cast in a different light.

Commodus, as Caesar, AV Aureus. Rome, AD 175. COMMODO CAES AVG FIL GERM, bare-headed and draped bust right / LIBERALITAS • AVG, Commodus, togate, seated to left on curule chair set on platform, extending right hand; Liberalitas standing to left before, holding abacus and cornucopiae; togate citizen at base of platform standing to right, left foot on steps, holding out fold of toga in both hands. RIC 597 (Aurelius); MIR 18, 304-12/13, pl. 2 (same obv. die); Calicó 2274 (same dies); BMCRE 635 (Aurelius and Commodus), pl. 66, 4 (same rev. die); Biaggi -. 7.02g, 19.5mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare, one of only two examples on CoinArchives, and the first issue to feature the portrait of Commodus. Ex Classical Numismatic Group 100, 7 October 2015, lot 1907. In AD 175, Commodus entered the College of Pontiffs and thus begun his career in public life. In the same year, he gave a congiarium, as commemorated on this coin, this being a gift to the people usually from the emperor but here given by the teenaged heir. Congiaria were originally distributions of oil or wine (congius meaning a measure of liquids) but the emperors’ gifts grew more generous over time to include grain and money and thus the word congiarium disappeared from the numismatic legend to be replaced with liberalitas - the spirit of imperial generosity. We can date this liberalitas thanks to a comment in the Historia Augusta which states that before his departure to the East with his father in AD 175, Commodus “in his fourteenth year…even though still in the youth’s praetexta gave largess” (Historia Augusta 2.1). Therefore, this took place around June 175, during the time of the revolt of Avidius Cassius. Avidius Cassius had been appointed governor of Syria by Marcus Aurelius and had by AD 173 successfully quelled the revolt of the Bucoli in Egypt at the head of a large army, second only in power to Marcus Aurelius himself. Cassius remained in Egypt following the rebellion, ruling the East in the name of the emperor who was spending much of his time fighting the Germanic tribes away from Rome. It is said a rumour that Marcus Aurelius had died from an illness on the Danube reached Cassius, who then persuaded his legions to acclaim him emperor. Another report is that Faustina, fearing for her husband’s ill health and what this would mean for her young son Commodus, goaded Cassius to usurp Aurelius (see Historia Augusta, Avidius Cassius, 7). Whatever the case, Cassius, whether aware of Marcus Aurelius’ good health or not quickly gained support in the East, with Egypt, Syria and most of the Asian provinces declaring for him. He controlled much of the East for three months, during which time Aurelius, who had been forced to withdraw from the Marcomannic war to deal with the usurper, amassed troops and prepared to march east to depose Cassius. This rebellion proved to be the catalyst for a hastening of Commodus’ official entry into adulthood and assumption of imperial duties. He assumed his toga virilis on the Danubian front on 7 July 175 during preparations for the campaign against Cassius and, as this coin demonstrates, was also entrusted with performing deeds usually carried out by reigning emperors. Cassius’ rebellion lost momentum as soon as news reached the East that Aurelius was approaching with a greatly superior military force than Cassius had at his disposal. He was murdered by one of his centurions sometime in late July AD 175, as Egypt chose to recognise Aurelius again on July 28. Perhaps realising his need for a secure succession and reliable imperial colleague, two years later Marcus Aurelius made Commodus consul - the youngest consul in Roman history - and later in the same year Commodus was given the titles of Imperator and Augustus, elevating him to the position of co-emperor despite his being only sixteen years old.

Vespasian Æ Sestertius. Judaea Capta series. Rome, AD 71. IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P COS III, laureate head right / IVDAEA CAPTA, Vespasian standing right, holding spear and parazonium, foot on helmet; before him, Jewess in attitude of mourning seated to right on cuirass beneath palm tree. RIC 167; BMCRE 543-4; BN 497-8; Hendin 1504. 19.71g, 31mm. Extremely Fine. Privately purchased from B&H Kreindler; Ex Brody Family Collection, The New York Sale XXXIX, 10 January 2017, lot 236 (cover coin); Ex Abraham Bromberg Collection Part II, Superior Galleries, 10 December 1992, lot 611. Struck for 25 years by Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian, the Judaea Capta coins were issued in bronze, silver and gold by mints in Rome, throughout the Roman Empire, and in Judaea itself. They were issued in every denomination, and at least 48 different types are known. The present piece proudly displays imagery of this significant Roman victory, after which Vespasian boldly closed the gates of the Temple of Janus to signify that all of Rome's wars were ended, and that the Pax Romana again prevailed. The obverse portrait of Vespasian shows him as strong, robust and in the prime of life; the reverse celebrates Rome and Vespasian's triumph over the Jewish revolt in Judaea, which Titus had brought to a close the previous year with the capture of Jerusalem after a seven month siege and the destruction of the Second Temple. It had been a costly and devastating war which had cost the lives of twenty five thousand Roman soldiers and somewhere between two hundred and fifty thousand and one million Jewish civilians. The reverse design is simple, but contains powerful imagery: a Jewish woman is seated in an attitude of mourning beside a date palm; behind her looms large the figure of the victorious emperor. It has been occasionally suggested that the female figure represents Jerusalem, and it is sometimes noted that the reverse of this coin can be interpreted to reflect the prophecy of Isaiah 3:8, 25-26: 'For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen... Thy men shall fall by the sword and thy mighty in the war. And her gates shall lament and mourn, and she being desolate shall sit upon the ground'. It is also possible that the reverse is symbolic of the general enslavement of the Jewish population; Josephus reports that one of Titus' freedmen "selected the tallest and most handsome of the youth and reserved each of them for the triumph; of the rest, those over seventeen years of age he sent in chains to the mines in Egypt, while multitudes were presented by Titus to the various provinces, to be destroyed in the theatres by the sword or by wild beasts; those under seventeen were sold". The Arch of Titus in Rome, completed by his brother Domitian shortly after his death and in commemoration of this victory, depicts the Roman army carrying off the treasures from the Temple of Jerusalem, including the Menorah, after the siege of the city had ended. The spoils were used to fund the building of the Flavian Amphitheatre, more commonly known as the Colosseum, the great lasting monument of the Flavian dynasty.

Caracalla AV Aureus. Rome, AD 198. IMP CAES M AVR ANT AVG P TR P, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / SPES PVBLICA, Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising hem of skirt. RIC 26b; C. 598; BMCRE -; Calicó 2820. 7.19g, 21mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Rare. Ex Münzen & Medaillen 53, 29 November 1977, lot 279. With the defeat of Clodius Albinus in AD 197, Septimius Severus was free to pursue his dynastic ambitions. The position of Caracalla, much the cause of the dispute between his father and Albinus, was now advanced to that of co-emperor in 198 and confirmed Severus’ intentions to follow the principle of succession by birth, rather than adoption. The execution of a large number of Senators on charges of conspiracy after the death of Albinus led to the estrangement of the Senate and so the Severan dynasty’s dependency on the support of the army and people increased. The reverse of this aureus invokes the personification Spes (Hope) to bring good fortune to the Roman citizenry and so ensure their continued support.

North Africa, Carthage BI Shekel. Libyan Revolt, circa 241-238 BC. Head of Herakles left, wearing lion's skin headdress / Lion prowling right; Punic 'M' above, ?IBY?N in exergue. Carradice & La Niece 1; MAA 53; SNG Copenhagen 239. 7.95g, 22mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine. Very Rare, and among the finest known specimens of this usually poorly-struck issue. Ex Monsieur Note (1910-1982) Collection, France. This type is normally found struck on heavily debased silver flans, and often overstruck, but this coin appears to be struck on much higher quality metal. The issue itself (and the normally poor metal quality) is indicative of the dire straits which the Carthaginian state was reduced to following the conclusion of the First Punic War in 241; as part of the peace settlement Carthage was required to give up “all islands lying between Sicily and Italy”, immediately pay Rome a sum of 1,000 talents of gold, and pay a further 2,000 talents over a period of 10 years. After meeting the Roman demands, a destitute Carthage now found itself having to find additional funds to pay the wages of its defeated but still enormous mercenary army. Negotiations between the mercenaries and the Carthaginian state quickly broke down, and despite the Carthaginian officials capitulating to the mercenary demands, open rebellion ensued based on speculation that Carthage would be unable to pay. The Libyan population, discontent under Carthaginian rule (and perhaps justifiably so, for their soldiers were conscripted and not paid as mercenaries) joined the rebels. E.S.G. Robinson, in “A Hoard of Coins of the Libyans” in NC 1953, confirms the attribution of these coins to the Libyan revolt (also known as the Mercenary War or the Truceless War, on account of it exceeding all other conflicts in cruelty, ending only with the total annihilation of one of the opponents), and supports the appearance of the Punic ‘M’ appearing on these (and regular Carthaginian coins) as being an abbreviation of ‘machanat’ - camp. The appearance of a Greek alpha on some of the issues, the use of Greek types (heads of Zeus and Herakles), and of course a Greek legend on the reverse furthermore confirm that these issues were struck by the rebels, rather than for them. We may reasonably assume that all of the coins produced by the rebels were overstruck on the state issues of Carthage; in the increasing debasement seen throughout the series we are offered a glimpse of the desperate position of the Carthaginian finances. Although ultimately the rebellion was put down by Hamilcar Barca with a combined army of existing loyal mercenaries and newly hired ones together with citizen soldiers, culminating at the Battle of ‘The Saw’ with some 50,000 rebels killed or executed, Carthage was left effectively penniless, internally weakened and externally virtually defenceless against a still belligerent Roman Republic.

Sicily, Syracuse AV Dekadrachm. Thoinon or Sosistratos, 278 BC. Head of Persephone to left, wearing wreath of grain leaves, pendant earring and pearl necklace; ?????????? before, bee behind / Nike driving galloping quadriga to right, holding reins and kentron; crescent moon above, ? below, ??? ????? erased from the die in exergue. Buttrey, Morgantina, 5-R (same dies); SNG Munich 1292; Nomos 8, 22 October 2013, 58 (same dies). 4.27g, 16mm, 1h. Good Extremely Fine. Previously NGC graded 'AU 4/5 - 4/5' (#4161133-001). Very Rare. From the collection of T.M., Germany; Ex Stack´s, Bowers & Ponterio 164, 6 January 2012, lot 122; Ex Giessener Münzhandlung 96, 07 June 1999, lot 61; Ex Leu 59, 17 May 1994, lot 74; Ex Hess-Leu 12, 12 April 1962, lot 117. After Agathokles' assassination by Maenon, the latter put the former tyrant's grandson to death and seized command of his army that was then besieging Aetna, directing it instead against Syracuse. Hiketas was entrusted with the command of a sizeable force by the Syracusans to defend the city. Despite later seizing supreme power, Hiketas apparently never styled himself as king. During his nine year reign he defeated Phintias of Akragas and took that city, then turned his attention to the Carthaginians. He was however dealt a severe defeat in battle against their forces at the river Terias and as a result was expelled from Syracuse by Thoinon, one of his officers. Thoinon however faced opposition from both Sosistratos, a fellow officer, and from the Carthaginian forces that had defeated Hiketas. In this desperate time of civil war and foreign invasion before Pyrrhos would arrive and be hailed saviour by the Syracusans, there was apparently no time to produce new dies at the mint, and thus the old dies of Hiketas were reused - with his name hastily obliterated.

Lokris, Lokris Opuntii AR Stater. Circa 360-50 BC. Head of Persephone left, wearing grain wreath, triple-pendant earring, and necklace / Ajax advancing right over two spears, nude but for crested Corinthian helmet, holding short sword and shield adorned with palmette and griffin; sunburst below, ???????? to left. J. Morineau Humphris & D. Delbridge, The Coinage of the Opountian Lokrians, RNS SP 50, London 2014, 127c (O20A/R40); Gulbenkian 491 (this reverse die); BCD 58 (this reverse die); cf. Dewing 1477; BMC 27. 12.29g, 24mm, 3h. Extremely Fine. Beautifully toned. Ex Ambrose Collection; Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 55, 8 October 2010, lot 58. Ajax of Lokris (or Ajax 'the Lesser'), who is depicted on the reverse of this attractive type, led a fleet of forty ships from Lokris Opuntii against Troy in the Greeks' great war on that city. At Troy's fall, he was alleged by Odysseus to have violated a sanctuary of Athena by ravishing Cassandra, who had sought refuge there. He thus brought down the wrath of Athena upon himself and his countrymen: Ajax himself was wrecked and killed in a storm as he made his way home from the war, and the rest of the Opuntians reached home only with great difficulty. Nevertheless, they annually honoured their former leader by launching a ship fitted with black sails and laden with gifts, which they then set alight, and whenever the Lokrian army drew up for battle, one place was always left open for Ajax, whose spirit they believed would stand and fight with them.

Kyrenaika, Barke AR Tetradrachm. Circa 440-420 BC. Silphium plant with leaves and flowers / Bearded head of Zeus Ammon to right, BAP before; elaborate border around, all within incuse circle. BMC 93, 7 (same dies); Münzen & Medaillen 38, 118 (same dies); Traité III, 1949 and pl. CCLXIX, 8. 17.27g, 27mm, 10h. Near Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare. From the Mordecai Medvin Collection; Privately purchased from Numismatic Fine Arts (Beverly Hills, CA), 1993. Herodotos (4.160.1) informs us that the city of Barke was founded in the mid-sixth century BC by brothers of Arkesilaos II of Kyrene, who were in conflict with him, and that therefore from the very start it frequently followed an independent and occasionally opposing political line, though its coinage developed in parallel with that of its parent city. In 525 BC, the Achaemenid King Cambyses II effected a swift and bloody conquest of the Pharaonic Kingdom of Egypt, following which both “Kyrene and Barke, being struck with terror” (Herodotos 3.13) delivered themselves up without resistance, and send tribute and gifts to Cambyses. Though both nominally independent still at this time, subsequent civil strife would result in Kyrenaika falling under the hegemony of the Persians. In c. 518, King Arkesilaos III of Kyrene demanded the return of the monarchical powers his ancestors had possessed before his father’s reform of the city’s constitution. An internal struggle ensued, in which Arkesilaos was defeated and exiled, being forced to leave Kyrenaika with his mother Pheretima. He himself went to Samos, while his mother went to the court of King Evelthon in Salamis. Arkesilaos succeeded in recruiting an army on Samos, with which he retook Kyrenaika, murdering or exiling his opponents, contrary to advice he had received from an oracle. Wary of reprisals and apparently fearing for his life Arkesilaos fled Kyrene and made for Barke which was then under the government of his father-in-law, while Pheretima took over the reins of power at Kyrene. Recognised in the Barkaean marketplace by exiled Kyrenaeans however, both Arkesilaos and his father-in-law were set upon and murdered. When news reached Pheretima, she went directly to the Persian satrap of Egypt, Arysandes, and pitifully implored his assistance to avenge her son’s murder. Thus in 515 BC a Persian army duly set out against Barke, and laid siege to the city for nine months, before finally luring the people out under a false offer of armistice. The women were mutilated at Pheretima’s order and all were enslaved, being then resettled in far away Baktria. Those exiles who survived the journey named their settlement Barke, after their lost home. Pheretima herself died later in the same year; her grandson Battos IV succeeded her, supported by Persian troops, and thus as a vassal of the Achaemenid empire. Kyrenaika thereupon became an extension of the satrapy of Egypt. Battos IV reigned peacefully, and passed the throne to his son Arkesilaos IV in 465, whose victory in the chariot race at the Pythian Games of Delphi was celebrated by the Greek poet Pindar in the Fourth and Fifth Pythian Odes. Pindar stressed the legitimacy of his rule - his family, the Battiatid dynasty having ruled for eight generations - and urged him to reconcile with his enemies. However his reign grew progressively more tyrannical as time went on, and Arkesilaos exiled many Kyrenaean nobles, bringing in mercenaries to support his rule. Despite, or perhaps because of this in 440 the populace rebelled and killed Arkesilaos along with his son Battos V, proclaiming Kyrenaika a republic under Persian suzerainty. The present coin most probably dates to the late rule of Arkesilaos IV, or the period after the overthrow of the monarchy and re-establishment of autonomous internal governance by the cities of Kyrenaika. Considering the fine classical style and prominent use of the city ethnik, the latter seems more likely.

Augustus AR Denarius. Samos, 21-20 BC. CAESAR, bare head right / AVGVSTVS, bull standing right. RIC 475; C. 28; BMCRE 663; Sutherland, "L'attribution des deniers augustéens aux types du temple, de la couronne et du jeune taureau" in RN 1974, 61f; BN 941. 2.94g, 20mm, 1h. About Good Extremely Fine; beautiful light cabinet tone with hints of iridescence. Ex Gorny & Mosch 114, 4 March 2002, lot 209. Among the first coins to be struck bearing the new title Augustus, this denarius is of exceptional style and engraved with beautiful craftsmanship. Struck in Pergamum, the reverse type remains an enigma with scholarship as yet unable to settle on a definitive meaning, though various suggestions have been posed. Firstly, perhaps the bull is based on Myron's bronze heifer, a statue much admired in antiquity and of which Augustus must have been aware: he is known to have restored Myron's Apollo, which Marc Antony had taken, to Ephesus. However, an alternative statue has been proposed by Sutherland in RIC to be the basis for this reverse type. He links this issue with Augustus' visit to Samos in winter 21/20 BC, where he would likely have seen a statue of Poseidon Taureos in the sanctuary, an event he later commemorated on the coinage. More personal to Augustus himself is the theory that what we see here is a reference to the famous 'butting bull' type seen on the coinage of Thurium. Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus in celebration of his father's victory in battle against a Spartacist army, which took place outside the town, this reverse type would be a personal allegory to Augustus and the high regard in which his family was held by the townspeople of Thurium.

North Africa, Carthage AR 1½ Shekel. Akra Leuka, circa 229/228 BC. Laureate head left (Melqart or Hasdrubal), with club over right shoulder / Elephant to right. MHC, Class III, 44 (same obverse die); ACIP 554; AB 486. 11.12g, 24mm, 12h. Good Very Fine. Very Rare. From a private European collection. The city of Qart Hadasht (or Carthago Nova, as it was known to the Romans), literally meaning 'new city' and identical in name to Carthage itself, had been re-founded by the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal the Fair in 228 BC on the site of a town named Mastia. The site was chosen as it possessed one of the best harbours in the western Mediterranean, thus enabling it to serve as the primary port and capital city of the Barcid dominion in Spain. This new 'empire' had been carved out by Hasdrubal's predecessor and father-in-law Hamilcar Barca, who had sought to replace the possessions in Sicily and Sardinia lost to Rome in the First Punic War, and to serve as a means of enriching and strengthening Carthage for any future war with Rome, a conflict he saw as inevitable. Hasdrubal ably succeeded his father-in-law in expanding the family's territory in Spain and power over the local tribes, but was assassinated in 221. He was succeeded by Hamilcar's son, Hannibal Barca, who was now of sufficient age to command the Carthaginian military forces, and who wasted little time in aggressively expanding Carthaginian influence over the surrounding regions. Barely two years later, Hannibal's army would besiege Saguntum and massacre the population, leading to renewed war with Rome. This bold type has been dated to the early period of Hasdrubal's command in Spain; in contrast to the coinage attributed to Hamilcar, this type makes no reference to the traditional naval power of Carthage, instead adopting the African elephant as the reverse type. Evidently not a war-elephant (note the absence of either a mahout or a fighting tower) it is perhaps best interpreted as a symbol of Carthage or Barcid power in general. Indeed it is known that Hasdrubal favoured diplomacy and the demanding of hostages to further expand his influence in Spain; the club-wielding Herakles-Melqart implies the threat of force rather than its open display. Though Robinson (Essays Mattingly) interpreted the beardless head of Melqart on this coin as bearing the features of Hannibal Barca, the dating of the issue (as per Villaronga, MHC) suggests it is more likely to be Hasdrubal, if indeed an individual commander's likeness is shown.

Numerian AV Aureus. Rome, AD 284. IMP NVME[RI]ANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGG, Hercules standing right, leaning on club with his left hand and resting his right on his hip. RIC 407; C. -; Calicó 4334. 4.66g, 20mm, 5h. Extremely Fine - Good Extremely Fine; pierced in antiquity. Extremely Rare, no other examples on CoinArchives. From the collection of D.I., Germany, purchased before 1992. The great rarity of this coin is in large part due to the brevity of Numerian's reign. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube in Raetia and Noricum rebelled and proclaimed the praetorian prefect Marcus Aurelius Carus emperor in opposition to Probus. Probus' army, stationed in Sirmium, decided they did not wish to fight Carus and assassinated Probus instead. Carus, already sixty, immediately elevated his sons Carinus and Numerian to the rank of Caesar. In 283 Carus determined to take advantage of a succession crisis within the Sassanid empire, and marched east at the head of an army along with Numerian, while Carinus was left in charge in the West. The invasion met with great success, and the army was able to make huge incursions into Persian lands, and even capture the capital Ctesiphon. The campaign came to a premature end when Carus died suddenly (according to some sources, from a lightning strike). Numerian made an orderly retreat from Persia, and subsequently died in mysterious circumstances during the journey west. Amid rumours of murder, the prefect Aper was executed by the man who went on to become emperor. Diocletian, previously an officer under Carus, was acclaimed by the army and proceeded to continue the march west, meeting Carinus' army in battle in Moesia and emerging as victor and emperor. The reverse of this stunning aureus typifies the propagandist nature of Roman coinage, and bestows on Numerian the quality of 'virtus', which encompassed valour, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth - the necessary attributes of a Roman and especially of an emperor. Coupled with the standing figure of Hercules, with his usual attributes of club and lion's skin, this reverse references the military victories that Numerian and Carus achieved in the east and likens them to the completion of Hercules' labours.

Etruria, Populonia AR Didrachm. 4th century BC. Head of Turms left, wearing winged petasos, Etruscan legend 'poepl' around; all within dotted border / Blank. EC I, 11 (O1); SNG Firenze 70; I. Vecchi, ‘A new Etruscan toponym for Populonia: poepl’ in Schweizer Münzblätter 268, 2017, pp. 91-2 (this coin); I. Vecchi, ‘Un nuovo toponimo per Populonia: poe-p-l’ in Monete Antiche 97, 2018, pp. 3-4 (this coin); I. Vecchi, ‘A New Ancient Discovery’, Coin News January 2018, p. 39 (this coin). 8.32g, 22mm. Good Extremely Fine. In incredible state of preservation, and one of the very finest of all surviving Etruscan coins. Of the greatest rarity - one of only four known examples, and together with the following lot, the only two in private hands. From the collection of a Swiss Etruscologist; This coin published in Schweizer Münzblätter 268, 2017; Monete Antiche 97, 2018; Coin News January 2018; Ex VCV Collection, Roma Numismatics X, 27 September 2015, lot 23. Populonia was defined as a polis by Ptolemy (Geography 3.1.4), who used the Greek term ?????????, while the Latin authors used various toponyms including: Populonium, Populonia and the ethnic Populonenses, cf. BTCGI XIV, Populonia pp. 199-202. However, this word is not attested in Indo-European languages outside of Italy and the populus family of words may have been borrowed from Etruscan in the first place, cf. Rix 1995. The etymology of Populonia is very complicated and has been much discussed by Latin and Etruscan etymologists. The presence of the above new word poepl is earlier than the previously recorded toponyms for Populonia and puts in doubt whether the deity Fufluns is connected with Populonia, as is commonly presumed, at least in the 4th century BC before the thorough Romanisation of Etruria and the subsequent assimilation of toponyms. It is much more likely that poepl is a contraction connected to the Proto-Italic *poplos and obviously related to the Umbrian publu/poplum (‘group of brandishers’, i.e. soldiers) and Latin populus, populum, populi (‘a people, as forming a political community, the public, a district or nation'). It is also related to the Oscan puplunai, a title of Juno meaning: ‘she who increases the number of the people’ possibly in the sense of the iuvenes, i.e. ‘the army’, (cf. ImIt I, pp. 535-7, Teanum Sicicium 4-6). Livy states in book 5 of Ab Urbe Condita that Juno/Uni was originally an Etruscan goddess of the Veientes, who was ceremonially adopted into the Roman pantheon after Veii was sacked in 396 BC. There is a general consensus that the Etruscan deities were not originally envisioned in human form, but instead as generalised, aniconic and fairly mysterious forces which manifested themselves through their effects. Several observations support this hypothesis, such as the lack of clarity regarding the sexes of the deities, some of whom are variously portrayed as both male and female. It is also apparent that the depiction of the Etruscan gods broadly follows those of Greek deities, but only in so far as a comparable Greek god could be found for an Etruscan one. Gods for whom a Greek counterpart could not so easily be found were thus not assimilated with Greek mythology. The Etruscan god Turms generally fulfilled the same functions as his Greek and Roman counterparts Hermes and Mercury, being the god of commerce and the messenger between mortals and the immortal gods. In a uniquely odd way however, the Etruscans divided the Greek Hermes into two gods - Turms, who was associated with Tinia (Zeus), and Turms Aitas, associated with Aita (Hades). The latter appears to fulfil the role of a psychopomp, (from the Greek word psychopompos, literally meaning the 'guide of souls'), thus indicating at least a partial syncretism of the Greek Charon and Hermes. Meanwhile the Etruscan Charun, confusingly, is perhaps best seen as a death daimon and a guardian of the dead and of the underworld. Turms therefore cannot be understood to be simply a local form of Hermes as he is in the Roman pantheon; while he inarguably retains all of the visual attributes of the Greek source of his depiction like the winged cap, Turms (like the other Etruscan gods) more importantly represents specific functions or myths from archaic Etruscan belief which are still poorly understood.

Macedon, Chalkidian League AR Tetradrachm. Olynthos, circa 382-379 BC. Laureate head of Apollo left / Kithara of seven strings, XA?KI?E?N around; all within incuse square. Robinson & Clement Group H, 14 (same dies); cf. Traité IV pl. CCCXIII, 4; cf. BMFA Suppl. 43 and 43a. 14.30g, 25mm, 3h. Extremely Fine; beautiful old cabinet tone. From a private British collection; Ex Leu Numismatik 54, 28 April 1992, lot 77. The extensive 'Group H' coinage appears to have been produced in order to finance the Olynthian war effort against a Spartan campaign to subdue the city and dissolve the Chalkidian League in 382-379 BC. Amid continuous Illyrian invasions along the northern border of Macedon, in around 385 BC Amyntas III once more mortgaged certain territories, this time formally to the Chalkidian League. By 382 the League had absorbed most of the Greek cities west of the river Strymon, and unlike in 392, it was reluctant to return control of the Macedonian territories that Amyntas had transferred to its control, which included the capital at Pella. Amyntas now sought the aid of Sparta against the growing threat of the Chalkidian League; his disposition was shared by the cities of Akanthos and Apollonia, who anticipated imminent conquest by the League. Sparta, keen to reassert its presence in northern Greece, consented and a force of 10,000 was mobilised and dispatched against the League. An advance force of 2,000 under Eudamidas succeeded in separating Potidaea from the League; meanwhile the main force under Teleutias, brother of the Spartan king Agesilaos II, proceeded slowly, being augmented by allied contingents as it went. Teleutias thus arrived in Olynthian territory at the head of a substantial army and won an initial victory outside the city walls of Olynthos. In the spring of 381 however, Teleutias allowed himself to be drawn in too close to the walls, whereupon his forces came under missile fire and were routed with heavy losses by an Olynthian sortie, Teleutias himself being killed in the engagement. With the death of Teleutias, command passed to king Agesipolis I, who in 380 recommenced operations against the League, taking the city of Toroni in an assault. Agesipolis' success was short-lived however, as he was seized with fever and died within seven days. After three years of protracted but indecisive warfare, Olynthos consented to dissolve the Chalkidian League, though this dissolution appears to have been little more than a token formality, since in the following year the League appears among the members of the Athenian naval confederacy, and twenty years later Demosthenes reported the power of the League as being much greater than before the Spartan expedition. Olynthos itself is at this time spoken of as a city of the first rank, and the Chalkidian League then comprised thirty-two cities.

North Africa, Carthage AR Shekel. Circa 300-260 BC. Head of Tanit-Persephone left, wearing wreath of barley ears, pendant earring and necklace / Horse standing to right, head left, palm tree in background; eight-pointed star to right. SNG Copenhagen 141; Alexandropoulos 371, 36; Jenkins-Lewis pl. 26, 16. 7.67g, 20mm, 1h. Good Extremely Fine; wonderful old cabinet tone. Rare, and of exceptional quality for the issue. Ex Hess-Divo 329, 17 November 2015, lot 123 (hammer: 9,000 CHF); Ex Maison Palombo 13, 13 December 2014, lot 42; Ex Sternberg XI, 20 November 1981, lot 65. This beautiful issue of shekels is rather rare, and like the ubiquitous electrum staters that are roughly contemporaneous, it is very difficult to find in a high state of preservation. Traditionally dated to a fairly broad date range of 300-260 BC, this issue was probably produced in response to one of the two major conflicts faced by Carthage in the first half of the 3rd century. In 278-275 Pyrrhos of Epeiros’ waged a campaign against the Carthaginian territories in western Sicily, having received envoys from the Greek cities of the island, requesting his assistance. This campaign was initially successful; with a professional army of 20,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry and 20 war elephants, supported by some 200 ships he pushed back the Carthaginian forces and captured the city-fortress of Eryx. Carthage sued for peace, but though this was rejected by Pyrrhos, his ruthless treatment of the Sicilians had created such animosity that he was forced to withdraw back to Italy. The other great emergency that could have warranted the striking of such this issue was the outbreak of what would come to be known as the First Punic War in 264, which prompted Carthage to assemble a vast mercenary army to meet the Roman threat in Sicily - according to Philinos of Agrigentum this army comprised 50,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants including Ligurians, Celts and Iberians (see Polybius, The Histories, 1:17.4). Such a large mercenary army would entail a considerable outlay of money, and of the two possible circumstances for the striking of this issue, this latter war would seem the more logical.

Ionia, Magnesia AR Trihemiobol. Themistokles, as governor of Magnesia, circa 465/4-460/59 BC. Bearded male head right wearing cap or helmet ornamented with four laurel leaves and spiral decoration; ?-E flanking / ?? monogram within dotted border inside incuse square. Cahn & Gerin, NC 1988, p. 15, 8, pl. 2, 8; J. Nollé - A. Wenninger, JNG XLVIII/XLIX (1998/99), Th.3c. 1.17g, 10mm, 1h. Good Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare - one of only six specimens known, and of superior quality for the issue. From the Mordecai Medvin Collection. Themistokles was one of the greatest statesmen and generals of the early Athenian democracy. It was his influence that led Athens to considerably increase its naval power, which would prove decisive in its conflicts with the Achaemenid Persian empire. He fought at the Battle of Marathon, and commanded the Greek allied navy at the battles of Artemision and Salamis. It was due in part to Themistokles' cunning that the allies were able to lure the Persian fleet into the straights of Salamis, and in the cramped conditions the superior numbers of the Persians became a hindrance. Disorganised and unable to manoeuvre, the Greeks formed in line and won a decisive victory. The following year, the Persian army was soundly defeated at the Battle of Plataea, ending the Persian attempts to conquer the Greek mainland. These battles of Salamis and Plataea thus mark a turning point in the course of the Greco-Persian wars as a whole; from then on, the Greek city-states would take the offensive. A number of historians believe that a Persian victory would have hamstrung the development of Ancient Greece, and by extension western civilization, and this has led them to claim that Salamis is one of the most significant battles in human history. Despite this and other accomplishments, the perceived arrogance of Themistokles alienated him from his fellow citizens and in 472/1 he was ostracised, and went into exile. Having before aroused the hostility of Sparta by ordering the re-fortification of Athens, the Spartans now implicated him in the treason of Pausanias, forcing Themistokles to flee from Greece to Asia Minor. There, he offered his service to his former enemies, and entered the employ of the Persian Great King Artaxerxes. In recognition of his reputation and former glories, the Persian king made him governor of Magnesia, where he lived out the remainder of his life.

Attica, Athens AR Tetradrachm. Circa 475-470 BC. Head of Athena right, wearing earring and crested Attic helmet decorated with with pellet in chevron ornamentation and four olive leaves / Owl standing to right, head facing, olive sprig and crescent behind, A?E before; all within incuse square. Starr Group I, 8 and pl. 1, 8 (same dies); Seltman 413; Svoronos 8.4. 17.22g, 22mm, 4h. Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare; Starr knew of only twelve coins in his Group I. From the Dr. Albert Potts collection. The coinage of Starr Group I represents the first issue struck at Athens after the resounding victory over the second Persian invasion of Greece at the climactic twin battles of Plataea and Mykale in 479. The city of Athens had been razed to the ground by Persian troops in the course of this war, and the Athenians now faced the task of not only rebuilding their homes and temples, but also immediately went on the offensive against the Persian dominions in northern Greece, Cyprus and Byzantion. In 477 leadership of the free Greek city-states would pass to Athens with the formation of the Delian League with Kimon as their principal commander. When the Athenian mint resumed operations then, the coinage retained its familiar types, but with some alterations. The helmet of Athena now displayed four upright leaves of olive, and the olive sprig on the Group I coinage unusually hangs straight down, perhaps a symbolic change, as an army regiment might lower its colours in salute or a gesture of respect for the fallen. This is also the first issue to bear the crescent symbol, which more likely represents a transient stage of the moon than a fleet formation (as has been suggested), however despite a general consensus that it probably in some way relates to victory over the Persian invaders, its true significance remains uncertain.

Probus AV Aureus. Lugdunum, AD 276. IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS AVGVSTI, Probus standing left, holding sceptre and crowning trophy at base of which are two seated captives. RIC 12; Calicó 4245 (this coin); C. 863 var. (not cuirassed); Bastien 160a, c. 4.73g, 22mm, 7h. Mint State. Extremely Rare. This coin published in X. Calicó, Los Aureos Romanos (2002); Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 25, 25 June 2003, lot 565. Probus’ ascension to the throne in AD 276 occurred at an unstable time for the Roman Empire: three emperors had died over the last year, two of whom were assassinated and the third is rumoured to have been; the security of the empire was threatened by foreign invasion and Florian, the brother of the previous emperor Tacitus, had been declared emperor by the senate and army in the West in opposition to Probus in the East. Probus therefore had a difficult task ahead of him to defeat his rival for the throne and restore order to a destabilised empire. Probus had employed a Fabian strategy to defeat Florian, avoiding an outright battle and instead relying on skirmishes, the intensity of the summer heat and the discontent this caused among Florian’s army to weaken his enemy’s position. Florian was soon killed by his own forces, and Probus was confirmed as emperor by the Senate with a minimum of bloodshed. Despite the calamitous state of the Empire when Probus ascended the throne, he proved himself to be an efficient and productive emperor, defeating numerous foreign enemies and improving some parts of the areas devastated by war through engaging the army during peacetime in building projects such as growing vines in Gaul, Pannonia and Moesia. Though his rule is covered to an extent by ancient historiographers, the stories often do not match up and the picture we receive of Probus’ rule is somewhat broad and lacking in detail. However, what the sources agree on are the great military achievements of this emperor and the respect he earned both from the conquered and his own people. Unfortunately for numismatists, Probus’ coinage is more focused on emphasising the emperor’s virtus than recording specific achievements, thus making it difficult to establish a chronology or associate types with particular events. This coin, for example, celebrates the emperor’s victory over enemies unspecified. Struck in the early months of his reign, it does however depict Probus in a far more individualistic manner than his later coinage, which often tends towards being highly stylised and showing the emperor in military attire, armed and helmeted - far more so than ever before seen on imperial coinage. Though this portrait is not so militarised as later issues, the origin of this emperor and the nature of his reign is still very much explicit in the combination of a familiar trophy reverse type with the laureate and simply cuirassed bust suggestive of an emperor predisposed to war. Despite his virtues, there was little security to be found in wearing the purple during this period. A long series of civil wars had created a penchant for general-emperors, elected by the army and thereby required to repay the soldiers for their support. Further, internal divisions had left Rome vulnerable to foreign enemies with Germanic tribes attacking the upper Rhine and Danube regions and Aurelian’s Persian campaign still unresolved. Finally, the threat of usurpation was ever present; over the six years Probus was emperor, he successfully put down three revolts but was ultimately assassinated by his own soldiers in AD 282 and replaced by the commander of the Praetorian Guard, Carus.

Attica, Athens AR Drachm. Circa 510-490 BC. Head of Athena right, wearing earring and crested Attic helmet ornamented with beaded decorations on crest holder and spiral on bowl / Owl standing to right with head facing, olive branch behind, ??? before; all within incuse square. Svoronos pl. 7, 20-23; cf. Seltman pl. XXII, ? (same rev. die); HGC 4, 1623 (same dies); Gorny & Mosch 232, 207 (same dies); Triton XX, 147 (same dies). 4.17g, 16mm, 4h. Good Extremely Fine; a marvellous example of this extremely desirable type - the earliest issue of Athena-Owl drachms at Athens. Ex Triton XXI, 9 January 2018, lot 415. Athens was one of the few Greek cities with significant silver deposits in their immediate territory, a remarkable stroke of fortune upon which Xenophon reflected: 'The Divine Bounty has bestowed upon us inexhaustible mines of silver, and advantages which we enjoy above all our neighbouring cities, who never yet could discover one vein of silver ore in all their dominions.' The mines at Laurion had been worked since the bronze age, but it would be only later in 483 that a massive new vein of ore would be discovered that enabled Athens to finance grand new schemes such as the construction of a fleet of 200 triremes, a fleet that would later prove decisive in defending Greece at the Battle of Salamis. This coin was produced in the period before the discovery of the new deposits at Laurion, around the time of the Ionian Revolt and the subsequent first Persian invasion of Greece. Athens aided the Ionian Greeks in their rebellion against Persian tyranny with both coin and soldiers, participating in the 498 BC march on Sardes which resulted in the capture and sack of that city – the only significant offensive action taken by the Ionians, who were pushed back onto the defensive and eventually subjugated once more. Vowing to punish Athens for their support of the doomed rebellion, the Persian king Darius launched an invasion of Greece, landing at Marathon in 490 BC. Just twenty five miles from Athens, a vastly outnumbered Athenian hoplite army inflicted a crushing defeat on the Persians, who after suffering horrendous casualties turned to their ships and fled.

Q. Minucius Thermus M.f. AR Denarius. Rome, 103 BC. Helmeted head of Mars left / Two warriors in combat, one on left protecting a fallen comrade; Q•THERM•MF (ligate) in exergue. Crawford 319/1; RSC Minucia 19. 4.08g, 19mm, 8h. Near Mint State. Ex Dr. Patrick H. C. Tan Collection, Triton XX, 9 January 2017, lot 509. This coin records the brave deeds of the moneyer's ancestor and namesake, Quintus Minucius Q. f. L. n. Thermus who was elected consul in 193 and assigned Liguria as his province. From his base in Pisa, he waged war against the Ligurians. His command was extended for the following year, during which time he defeated the Ligurian forces near Pisa. He remained as proconsul in Liguria for 191–190. During this time it appears that he may have won the distinction of the corona civica, the second highest military award to which a Roman could aspire, by saving the life of a fellow citizen in battle through slaying an enemy on a spot not further held by the enemy army that day - this act being depicted on the reverse. He may also have been the same Thermus who served as military tribune under Scipio in North Africa in 202 BC. Appian relates that about this time there was a cavalry engagement between the forces of Hannibal and those of Scipio near Zama, in which the latter had the advantage. On the succeeding days they had sundry skirmishes until Scipio, learning that Hannibal was very short of supplies and was expecting a convoy, sent the military tribune, [Quintus Minucius] Thermus, by night to attack the supply train. Thermus took a position on the crest of a hill at a narrow pass, where he killed 4,000 Africans, took as many more prisoners, and brought the supplies to Scipio.

A group of five medals, awarded to 809713 Pte/Sgt A J Robins RA, comprising an India General Service Medal, with North West Frontier 1936-37 bar, Defence Medal, War Medal, General Service Medal, with Cyprus bar, and a LS & GC Medal, Regular Army (EIIR) See illustration

Toys for Boys: A SA-6 Ramjet missile in its carrying case, Russian, overall 6m. SA-6 "gainful" was a ground to air low to medium height anti-aircraft missile developed in the late 1950’s and finally entering service with the Russian army in 1967 and produced until the mid 1980’s.

A LARGE COLLECTION OF CIGARETTE CARDS IN ELEVEN ALBUMS AND AN EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF VINTAGE POSTCARDS IN NINE ALBUMS, the cigarette cards are very nearly all complete sets and most are in very good - excellent condition, subject highlights include Players 'Arms and Armour', Wills 'Naval Dress and Badges' and 'Allied Army Leaders', Players 'Characters from Fiction' and 'Picturesque London', Ogden's 'AFC Nicknames' and 'Owners Racing Colours and Jockeys', Churchman 'Famous Cricket Colours', Wills 'Cricketers 1928', Ogdens 'Boy Scouts' and Leaders of men, Stephen Mitchell 'The World of Tomorrow', and also Lambert & Butler 'Motor Index Marks'. The Vintage Postcard Collection comprises of a large number of WW1, early 20th century examples of the genre by some of its most prominent designers, artists and publishers including Bystander Bamforth, Donald McGill, G.E.Shepherd, E.P.Kinsella, F.Gilson, Fred Spurgin, Viv Mansell, Birn Bros. and Dobson and Molle amongst others. Subjects vary from sentimental to comic, patriotic propoganda, songs and slogans, topographical and individual greeting cards. Also in the collection are albums devoted to Film Stars, generally facsimilie signed portraits from stars of the 1930s-1950s and domestic Sporting Stars including a collection of Topical Times Footballers from the 1930s, there are also a small number of other Historical features in the collection. There are over 4850 cigarette cards in this collection and over 940 postcards. (situated on table)

A DEANS RAG BOOK PICKITOOP TOYS PRIVATE SAM SMALL DOLL, c.1935/6, doll modelled on the character in the Stanley Holloway Monologue filmed by Anglia Films as Sam's Medal in 1936, woodwool filled velvet doll with brown trousers, red army jacket and yellow waistcoat, fairly poor condition with damage and wear, fading to clothes, Deans Rag Book and Anglia Films labels to sides of both feet, missing hat, height approximately 85cm

THIRD REICH. Eight assorted medals, tokens and badges to include: a 1941/42 Winter War medal, a 1934 Labour Day pin, a Gestapo ID badge, a 1st May pin badge, a West Wall medal, a Hitler's Dank badge, an Army Flak badge.

Two George V Army officers swords, Oxford and Bucks regiments, the blades by Wilkinson numbers 48161 and 48188 with leather scabbards, the blades also having engraved detail and monogram BMC & CNC (Curwen)

TELESCOPE T.COOKE & SONS ARMY ISSUE

BRIISH ARMY MK III COMPASS DATED 1939

ARMY FLYING HELMET POST WAR

FOLDING ARMY BED

BRITISH ARMY WATER BOTTLE WITH STRAP & CARRIER

ARMY & NAVY LEATHER CLAD HUNTING SANDWICH BOX

Egypt interest stamps to include, 1915/16 Army Post Office blocks; 1931 GRAF Zeppelin cover; 1889 - 98 postage due cover with one and bisect; 1866 Khedive Ismail (x5); 1867 1-20; 1884 new colours mint mounted; 1902 - some mint mounted; other stamps later mostly mint mounted.

An impressive album of stamps from the People's Republic of China, all unmounted mint and full sets (unless specified otherwise), comprising 1949 celebration of first session of Chinese People's Political Conference; 1950 Foundation of People's Republic full set; Peace Campaign (1st issue); First Anniversary of People's Republic; first all - China Postal Conference, 2 stamps; Sino- Soviet Treaty; 1951 30th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party; Peace Campaign (2nd issue) (one mounted mint, the other with small hinge mark and cancel to bottom right corner); 15th Death Anniversary of Lu Hsun, 2 stamps; Centenary of Taiping Rebellion; 1952 Liberation of Tibet; 15th Anniversary of War with Japan; 25th Anniversary of People's Liberation Army; Asia and Pacific Ocean Peace Conference; 2nd Anniversary of Chinese Volunteer Force in Korea; 1953 International Women's Day, 2 stamps; 135th Birthday Anniversary of Karl Marx, 2 stamps; 7th National Labour Union Conference, 2 stamps; 35th Anniversary of Russian Revolution; Peace Campaign (3rd issue); Famous Men; 1954 30th Anniversary Death of Lenin; 1st Anniversary Death of Lenin; Constitution Commemoration; Russian Economic and Cultural Ex Position, Peking; 5th Anniversary of Sino- Russian Treaty; First Session of National Congress; 1955 Scientists of Ancient China; 85th Birthday of Lenin; 60th Death Anniversary of Engels; 20th Anniversary of Long March by Communist Army; 1956 8th National Communist Party Congress; 90th Birthday of Dr Sun Yat-Sen; 1955 First Chinese Workers Athletic Meeting; 1957 Laurie Production; 30th Anniversary of People's Liberation Army; 40th Anniversary of Russian Revolution; Opening of Yangtse River Bridge; 1958 Completion of First Five Year Plan; Anniversary of Karl Marx; Unveiling of the People's Hero Monument, Peking; 8th All China Trade Union Congress (with cancel marks from cover); 4th International Democratic Women's Federation Congress; 700th Anniversary of Works of Kuan Han-Ching; 110th Anniversary of Communist Manufesto; Organisation of Socialist Countries Postal Administrations Conference; International Disarmourment Conference; 5th International Student's Union Congress, Peking; National Exhibition of Industry & Communications; Return of Chinese People's Volunteers from Korea; 1959 Steel Production Process; International Women's Day; Successfull Harvest; Labour Day; 40th Anniversary of May 4th Student's Rising (with cancel marks on mini sheet); 10th Anniversary of World Peace Council; Sino-Czech in postage stamp production; 10th Anniversary of Chinese Youth Pioneers; Royal Table Tennis Championships; 10th Anniversary of the People's Republic (1st issue); and 2nd issue with cancel marks from mini sheet; 4th issue; 5th issue; National Exhibition of Industry; First National Games, Peking; 1960 25th Anniversary of Conference During Long March (with cancel marks from mini sheet); Opening of National Agricultural Exhibition; 50th Anniversary of International Women's Day; 15th Anniversary of Hungarian Liberation; 90th Birthday of Lenin; Chinese Goldfish multi coloured; Pig breeding; Lunar Rocket Flights; Third National Literary & Artworks Congress; 15th Anniversary of North Vietnam Republic; Chrysanthemum multi coloured 1961; 40th Anniversary Chinese Communist Party; Tang Dynasty Pottery; and many others. Within a red silk bound album with a Chinese Republic emblem to front.

Edwardian leather cartridge magazine by Army & Navy with six divisions, brass lock and leather straps, initials to lid P.B.W., 47.5cm wide x 26.5cm deep x 16.5cm high

Mid-19th Century John Stovin Microphotograph Slides, My Duty to God, Head of Christ, Army of Martyrs, The Scripture Reader, Ecce Homo and John Proclaiming the Messiah, P-G (6)

A WW2 group of 7 Awarded to Warrant Office 2nd Class W. Brown, Royal Army Pay Corps, comprising 1939/45 star, the France and Germany Star, Defence medal, War medal, Cyprus medal, WWII and WWII Army for Meritorious Service and Long Service and Good Conduct Medal Group.

An 18ct gold, diamond and three colour enamel Army Service Corps sweethearts brooch, 33mm.

Two World War I medals to Sister H I Nicholson and a medic arm bank stamped Army Medical Service 29, plus 2nd Scott Genl Hosp Edinburgh R.A.M.O (J), two World War II medals and dog tag to J Fyfe W.A.A.F.

A collection of four military caps, World War II German, 1982 German, Russian Navy, and Russian Army

A collection of military belonging to Lieutenant/Captain/Major A J Bedford World War I and World War II including two World War I medals, Lt A J Bedford 214 L.N. LAN.R., two World War II medals, gold sweet heart brooch, badges, buttons, photographs, birth, marriage and death certificates, love letter and army book

G E Butler, oil on canvas, portrait of an army officer, signed and dated 1916, 41 x 30cm, unframed

3 MODERN ACTION MAN FIGURES IN ARMY COSTUME WITH JEEP

Eleven Dinky army vehicles, no boxes, P-F (Est. plus 21% premium inc. VAT)

661 Recovery Tractor, box sound but scribbled, G, 351 U.F.O. Interceptor, box poor, G, 622 10-ton Army Truck, box base only, F-G (3) (Est. plus 21% premium inc. VAT)

Nine Meccano Sets comprising:- Standard Range No 5, Army Multikit No 7, Ocean Terminal, Power Drive Set, Dinky Builder 1A, No 4A, No 1 (2), boxed (some AF), another, no box, and a quantity of Meccano magazines (Est. plus 21% premium inc. VAT)

A collection of 'Status Quo' concert programmes for tours including 'You're in The Army Now' & 'End of The Road'. Includes other related ephemera including tour flyers for 'Never Say Never', promotional VHS sleeve and 1968 newspaper article.

Military items comprising a card game, a limited edition framed print, Nottinghamshire Army Cadet Force County Officers' Mess, maps and other ephemera

Two Denby Danesby Ware caps, Hats Off To The Army and similar Naval cap