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![[NAZI WAR CRIMES]: A rare dossier containing the original English carbon typed documents relating to the trial of two German](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/dc812136-c7eb-4933-ad4f-a9ee00ea80f9/691dfe75-a74b-4fc0-8cc1-a9f30110b9ef/468x382.jpg)
Lot 260
[NAZI WAR CRIMES]: A rare dossier containing the original English carbon typed documents relating to the trial of two German officers, SA-Oberscharfuhrer Johann Csar and Josef Pechbock, accused of the murder of Jews, the dossier comprising over 100 folio pages and including the certified English translations of the statements of the two accused officers and over thirty other individuals, most of them witnesses to the events surrounding the killings, and also including the Investigator’s Report, Identification Parade Reports, Exhumation Reports performed by the pathologist Dr. Tollich, as well as related photographs of the crime scene etc., all prepared for the Investigation Branch of the Atrocities Section at Graz and gathered from interviews taken at Leoben Police Station between January 1946 and March 1947. The documents state that the investigation concerned a Jewish transport which was passing through Trofaiach on the 7th April 1945 under the escort of SS officers when it stopped at the end of the village of Kurzheim, at the front of the Gladen Hill, as many of the Jews were too exhausted to ascend the hill before them. At this stage, the report continues, two Jews were led into the forest and shot dead, although also states that a third Jew was shot. The report also gives details of two graves which were opened at Kehrwald on 29th January 1946, one containing four bodies and the other seven, at least two of the bodies showing evidence of gunshot injuries despite the decomposed state of the corpses. The statements of the accused and witnesses etc. read, in part, ‘On 7th April 1945, the Volkssturm from Trofaiach was ordered to escort a Jewish transport. The order was given by the Company-Leader HOFEREG……In his order the Zugfuhrer used the following words, “If anybody steps out of the convoy, he has at once to be shot at.”……..At the end of the village Kurzheim, a horse and cart was standing beside the road on the meadow, and a dead man was loaded on to it…….Some 50 steps from the cart two foreign labourers were dragging a man from the forest and he was still giving signs of life. He had a hole in his head above his right ear, and was bleeding out of the wound. I was of the opinion that somebody had shot this man with a pistol…….I heard two shots coming from the direction where the cart was standing. In my opinion these were pistol shots’ (extract from the statement of Sebastian Aigner, a crane driver residing at Trofaiach, 25th January 1946), ‘In April 1945, on the morning of the day when the big Jewish transport was conducted through Trofaiach I was with my comrade CSAR……It might be that CSAR had a pistol, I myself was not armed……..It is an insolent lie, if CSAR or anybody else alleges that I took part in the Jewish transport and that I was in Kurzheim. I cannot imagine at all, how anybody can come to this assumption……Before CSAR and I went to look for LOSCH……He said that he had not enough escorts for the Jewish transport and that he needed some more men. I told him I could not go with the transport because I had got a special order, respectively another order. This was rather an excuse lest I should be obliged to join the transport. In fact I was looking for a captain of the Wehrmacht’ (extract from the statement of Franz Berbin, Ortsobmann with the DAF, the German Labour Front, 30th January 1947), ‘Mrs. PREIS told me that CSAR must not return to Trofaiach as he had committed offences against the Jews……She told me, that CSAR had shot some Jews and she intended to report him…….I was not informed by my sister where he had murdered the Jews, and what kind of fire-arm he had used’ (extract from the statement of Elsa Burg, 17th June 1946), ‘I do not wish to give any statement about the accusation of Mrs. HOFFERECK and perhaps some other witnesses saying that my husband had murdered 2 or 3 Jews, as I have four children’ (extract from the statement of Gertrude Csar, 17th June 1946), ‘In November, 1944…..I was a Volkssturm man at first, later on being promoted to the rank of a Gruppenfuhrer and Zugfuhrer…….There were 8 or 10 men produced by the Company for the Jewish transport…..I myself was not detained for this purpose. I rode on my bicycle after the transport……I was dressed in S.A. uniforms and was armed with a pistol, I rode alongside the column in order to see if everything went right and without incidents. In doing so I heard several shots from the top of the hill, in the forest. I went to that place and I saw in the forest……Two shot Jews lying on the ground……I did not see who had shot the Jews and I also was not present…….I had nothing to do with the whole Jewish-transport and I did not give any orders…….the Komp. Fuhrer HOFFERECK declared at a meeting, at which I took part as well, that the Jewish transport was to be carried through with strict discipline……..And all Jews who are unable to follow on the march are to be shot inconsiderately. I repeated this order to the men before marching away and I also told them that any Jews, being unable to march on should be shot at once……’ (extract from the statements of Johann Csar, 25th January 1946 & 31st January 1947), ‘The Jew had a bald head and I could see a wound on his forehead. I presume it was rather a shot wound than any other kind of injury……..At that moment also, a certain LECHNER and AIGNER passed by us. PECHBOCK and I noticed that the Jew was still death-rattling, that is to say he was still alive. I fired on my own accord two shots to the head of the Jew from a distance……The shots were fired one after another. After that……PECHBOCK shot at the Jew with his rifle, without having been induced by me to do so……the Jew did not give any sign of being alive afterwards. As far as I know PECHBOCK shot at the head of the Jew’ (extract from a further statement made by Csar on 17th June 1946), ‘In Kurzheim, at the end of the village…….there was a stoppage of the transport due to exhaustion of transport prisoners, who were unable to walk up the hill so quickly…….The SS man called two Jews who were so exhausted that they were nearly unable to march on. The SS man then conducted the two Jews a little into the forest. When the Jews were still marching, the SS man drew his pistol and shot the Jew into his neck……..I saw this man fall then turned away, because I did not like to watch that. Immediately after I heard another shot and I thought that the SS man now had shot the other Jew as well……..When the SS man came out of the forest, I went to meet him telling him that I would stop with these dead men. The SS man told me to do so, and said that the Jews would be fetched by a cart later……It was about five minutes after the SS man had gone, that I heard a shot…….In my opinion it was a pistol shot…….As far as I remember, CSAR was armed with a pistol and I think that PECHBOCK might have had a rifle’ (extract from the statement of Arthur Delugan, a wood cutter, 13th January 1947), ‘I was made “Sturmfuhrer” by the SA Brigade with retrospective effect from April 1938….. I was only engaged in the SA, but did not take any active part in the activities of the NSDAP with whom I was a simple member…….I did not only look after the political interests but also after human interests of the population and workers…….It is mean and irresponsible if anyone alleges that I should have given instructions for ill-treatings or shootings of Jews. That is a big lie and a slander…….OWING TO RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CANNOT BE DISPLAYED - PLEASE CONTACT IAA Ltd FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
Lot 171
KELLER HELEN: (1880-1968) American Author, Activist & Lecturer. T.L.S., Helen Keller, in bold pencil, one page, 4to, Wrentham, Massachusetts, 13th December n.y. (annotated 1914 in pencil and ink in an unidentified hand), to Mr. Tavener. Keller thanks her correspondent for his kind message of encouragement 'at a time when every generous heart and every thinking mind is filled with woe' and continues 'It is sweet to my spirit to feel the hand-clasp of my blind friends in Glasgow Aberdeen [ink correction in an unidentified hand] across the thousands of miles that separate us', further remarking 'I am grieved to think that sorrow is being added to the darkness of so many of the sightless by the terrible war. But I have faith which is deeper than optimism. Even when tragedy seems to be on every side, and horrors are pouring in, and the pillars of the world are reeling to and fro, I still believe in life, in my fellowmen, in God's promise of new light and new freedom for all'. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, extremely minor creasing, about VG
Lot 12
Clermont Fine China (20th century), a large baluster-shaped vase and cover; hand-decorated with a still life of fruits between two gilded acanthus 'handles', printed marks to underside and signed J.F. Smith (6 firings), 40cm high CONDITION REPORT: The dome topped cover - being absolutely super critical there is some very minor fritting to the edge of the recessed lip which cannot be seen when the cover is on the vase. Also on the inside of the lip is a barely discernible (only visible with a jeweller's loop) very thin 1cm hairline again which is very small. The main vase itself appears to be in good general overall condition with no hairlines, chips, cracks or restoration noted.
Lot 18
An English fine bone china part dessert service comprising three plates with shaped raised gilded borders, a two-handled comport and a similar sized bowl (24.5cm in diameter), each piece hand-decorated with a still life of fruits by R. Budd (5) CONDITION REPORT: The two handled comport appears to be in good general overall condition with no problems noted except for very minor gilt rubbing around the edge of the rim. The slightly deeper bowl is in similarly good condition with minor gilt rubbing also around the edge of the rim. the plates appear in generally reasonable condition also, one of the plates (with blackberries) has some slight scratch marks to the central largest peach at the bottom. The last plate appears to be in generally good order overall with no cracks, chips, restorations or problems noted. Signed by A.R. Budd. Each of the five pieces is marked to the underside Fine Bone China, England, and these are under a crown. All of them have this mark to the underside.
Lot 22
Three cabinet plates, one Royal Worcester decorated with a still life of peaches and grapes etc., (signed), 27cm diameter, one further similar plate decorated with apples and black grapes (also signed) and an unmarked plate with cobalt blue border surrounding peaches, strawberries etc. (signed), (3) CONDITION REPORT: First plate with cobalt blue border and "serrated" edge has a few minor scratches to the cobalt blue border, the interior looks reasonable although there is an approx. 1cm scratch below the single right hand strawberry, some further minor scratching to cobalt blue border. The underside looks reasonable with no discernible cracks, chips, hairlines or restoration. Signed with the name Budd. The plate marked with the Royal Worcester mark to reverse and showing three peaches with greengages or gooseberries appears in good general overall order with the foot rim slightly darker through dirt etc., signed C. Lowe? The last similar plate (no mark to reverse) also appears in good general original condition. There is a small scratch to the left hand side beginning where it has been signed C.A. James? Other smallish scratches visible at close quarters to the paint work although the reverse looks quite good.
Lot 470
A late-19th century rosewood-framed and glazed still life watercolour study of various flowers and leaves etc., within a waisted wickerwork-style basket by Eugene Picou (b. 1831), Picou was a pupil of Debret and exhibited at the Paris Saloon in 1883, the Dijon Saloon in 1883 and also at the Strasbourg Salon in 1891, indistinctly signed lower left, informational cut-out verso, 40cm x 30.5cm
Lot 182
ϒA rare gilt brass mounted ebony alarm timepiece of month duration with silent-pull quarter-repeat, Thomas Tompion and Edward Banger, London, No. 92 The substantial six finned and latched pillar single fusee movement fully reinstated with large spring barrel and reversed fusee to the five-wheel going train with verge escapement regulated by lenticular bob pendulum with rack-and-pinion pivoted beam regulation to suspension, the quarter repeat mechanism to Tompion’s highly complicated ‘all or nothing’ design sounding on a graduated pair of bells with the larger set between the plates and the smaller above, the alarm mechanism located beneath the larger bell with standing spring barrel and verge hammer assembly, the 8.5 by 7.25 inch backplate with canted upper angles over protruding bell to top left opposing rack box and shaped pivoted arm for the rise/fall pendulum suspension terminating above separate shaped cocks for guiding the suspension spring and for the escapement pallet arbor pivot, the centre with interconnected blue steel repeat levers pivoted via engraved sculpted cocks, the whole engraved by G195 (believed to possibly be Henry Adeane) with fine grotesque mask scrolling foliage within a line-scribed border and centred with an elaborate cartouche signed Tompion & Banger, LONDON over stamped serial number 92 to lower margin, the 8 by 7.25 inch rectangular brass dial with rose engraved silvered alarm setting disc and shaped false bob aperture to the finely matted centre within applied silvered Roman numeral chapter ring with cruciform half hour markers and Arabic five minutes beyond the minute track, with fine pierced and sculpted blued steel hands and crisp gilt female mask and scroll cast spandrels to lower angles, the upper margin with conforming cast spandrel infill interrupted by subsidiary dummy opposing regulation dials, each with complex rosette centres, flanking repeat signature TOMPION + BANGER, LONDON, with leaf engraved detailing to extreme upper corner, the gilt brass mounted ebony case of ‘phase 2’ type with generous hinged gilt brass tied foliate bud carrying handle to the domed caddy superstructure over bold ogee/ovolo top mouldings and front door incorporating lambrequin mask centred gilt foliate scroll cast lozenge sound fret to the upper rail and scroll-bordered cartouche escutcheon mounts to uprights, the sides with small scroll-pierced lozenge sound frets over rectangular apertures inset with conforming foliate pierced fretwork, the rear with rectangular glazed door set within the frame of the case, on shallow ogee moulded skirt base with squab feet, the sill beneath the front foot stamped 92 towards the left hand side, (movement with reinstated wheel trains and repeat work), 38cm (15ins) high excluding handle; 27.5cm (11.75ins) wide; and 16.5cm (6.5ins) deep. Thomas Tompion has often been referred to as the 'father of English clock and watchmaking'. When considering the legacy of his work and influence on subsequent generations, such a compliment is justly deserved. Born in Ickwell, Suffolk in 1639 Thomas Tompion appears to have developed an affinity for metalworking from his father, also named Thomas, who worked as a blacksmith. By 1670 Tompion had moved to London and was working in the clock and watchmaking trade. Although there is no record of his apprenticeship or whether he received any formal training prior to moving to London, he quickly became established and obtained his freedom of the Clockmaker's Company in late 1671. His early clocks demonstrate a close working relationship with the Fromanteel, East and Knibb workshops. Around this time Tompion became friendly with eminent mathematicians and scientists such as Robert Hooke and Jonas Moore - perhaps the most progressive and inventive minds of the day. Such associations lead to Royal commissions, firstly from Charles II for whom Tompion is known to have made one of the earliest balance-spring watches in 1676 and later William III who ordered numerous clocks to furnish his various palaces throughout his reign. As well as being an extremely talented artisan Tompion was also commercially minded, cleverly introducing serial numbering for his watches and clocks from around 1681/2. This, as well as maintaining a high degree of refinement in both the design and construction of his clocks and watches, ensured the highest level of exclusivity for clients purchasing from him. In around 1701 Thomas Tompion took a former apprentice, Edward Banger, into partnership. Banger was originally apprenticed to Thomas Ashby in 1687 but was transferred over to Tompion and gained his freedom of the Clockmaker's Company in 1695. He was clearly a talented maker (when considering the few examples signed by Banger alone) however a serious problem between him and his former master caused the partnership to come to an abrupt end in 1707-8 for reasons unknown. On Banger's departure Tompion reverted to working alone until he found confidence in George Graham who had been engaged as a journeyman for Tompion since 1696. Graham's character had already been given the seal of approval by Tompion who allowed him to marry his niece, Elizabeth, in 1704; however it still would be a few years before Tompion would take Graham into partnership which he eventually did in 1711.Thomas Tompion died in November 1713 leaving the business to George Graham who maintained the same exacting standards and became famous in his own right with notable achievements including the development of the deadbeat escapement for pendulum clocks and the cylinder escapement for watches. Edward Banger outlived Tompion by six years, his abilities as a highly skilled watchmaker are demonstrated within a fine jewelled movement dating to around 1715 by him illustrated by him in Evans, Jeremy THOMAS TOMPION at the Dial and Three Crowns page 54, Fig. 97. The current lot belongs to a small group of around half a dozen Tompion spring clocks where the movements were held in stock and completed at a later date. Interestingly it would appear that all of these were silent-pull quarter timepieces with serials numbers clustered from 79-117 indicating that they were made 1686-88. The fact that both the dial and movement of the current lot are signed by Tompion and Banger together would suggest a date of finishing shortly after 1701. This date is further supported by the provision of two cocks for the double-engaged repeat levers on the movement backplate, which are believed to have been introduced in around 1698 (see Evans, Jeremy; Carter, Jonathan and Wright, Ben THOMAS TOMPION, 300 YEARS page 165).Silent-pull quarter repeating timepieces were essentially made for use in the bed chamber whilst clocks which incorporated normal striking (as well as a quarter-repeat mechanism) were mainly intended to be brought ‘downstairs’ during the day. Consequently silent-pull timepieces were the preserve of very wealthy clients who could afford separate timepieces for both ‘downstairs’ and ‘upstairs’ use. The current lot also incorporates an alarm mechanism (which appears in only half a dozen quarter-repeating timepieces by Tompion) which, together with a duration of one month, would render it perfect for use in a bedchamber of a palatial property. Incidentally there is only one other silent-pull quarter-repeating alarm table timepiece of one month duration by Tompion known - number 85 which is illustrated in Symonds, R.W. THOMAS TOMPION, His Life and Work on page 145 (Figure 111). Although the current timepiece has undergone highly skilled restoration of the movement (to reinstate it back to its original form) it survives as an extremely interesting example originating from the most important London workshop of the ‘Golden Age’ of English clockmaking. ϒ Indicates that this lot may be subject to CITES regulations when exported.
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