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ISABEL, PRINCESS IMPERIAL OF BRAZIL: (1846-1921) Princess Imperial of Brazil and heir to the throne of the Empire as the eldest daughter of Pedro II of Brazil and Regent on three different occasions. Known as Dona Isabel, also nicknamed ''The Redemptress'', she signed during her last regency the Lei Aurea or Golden Law emancipating the slaves in Brazil. Isabel spent the last 30 years of her life in exile in France. A very fine and cleanly written L.S., `Princeza Imperial Regente´, one page, folio, at the Palace of Rio de Janeiro, 20th July 1871, to Cardinal Vannicelli, in Portuguese. In her capacity as Princess Imperial, presumptive heir and Regent on behalf of His Majesty D. Pedro II, sends her best wishes to her correspondent and acknowledges receipt of his letter on the occasion of last Christmas six months earlier. She deeply thanks his correspondent´s for his blessing and for the prosperity of the Empire, stating `Dona Izabel, Princeza Imperial Herdeira Presumptiva da Coroa, Regente em nome di Sua Magestade o Senhor Dom Pedro II, Imperador Constitucional e Defensor Perpetuo do Brasil….Agradecendo Vos cordialmente por parte de meu Augusto Pais este obzequio…´ (Translation: “Isabel, Imperial Princess, Presumptive Heir of the Crown and Regent in the name of His Majesty Pedro II, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil.... I cordially thank you on behalf of my August Country for this favour…”) Paper with a Cowan & Sons Ivory watermark. With address leaf, bearing an attractive royal paper seal affixed to the verso. VG

SUAREZ ADOLFO: (1932-2014) 1st Duke of Suarez. Spanish Lawyer and Politician. First democratically elected Prime Minister since 1936 and a key figure in the country´s transition to democracy after Franco. An early D.S., three pages, folio, Madrid, 31st December 1971, in Spanish. The typed document bears the heading of the Ministry of information and broadcasting. Suarez in his capacity of general Director signs a purchase contract of 50 musical equipment for the national radio broadcast for one hundred and fifty-nine thousand pesetas. With two binder holes to the left border, and small area of paper loss to the upper edge, none affecting the text or signatures. Small overall minor age wear, otherwise G

MUSSOLINI BENITO: (1883-1945) Italian Fascist Dictator of World War II & VITTORIO EMANUELE III (1869-1947) King of Italy 1900-46. D.S., `Mussolini´, and `Vittorio Emanuele´, two pages, folio, Rome, 12th July 1923, in Italian. The partially printed document is a decree, bearing the printed heading ''Vittorio Emanuele III, by the grace of god and by the will of the Nation - King of Italy'', according to which the King of Italy accepts the resignation of the Grand officer and engineer Alberto Torri as President of the 2nd bureau of the Superior Council. Signed in bold black inks by the King and immediately beneath by Mussolini in his capacity as Minister of war, to the second page. With few official contemporary ink stamps and one countersignature. With blank integral leaf. With extremely small pinholes to the left border as a result of its detachment. Overall age wear, mostly to edges, otherwise G

MUSSOLINI BENITO: (1883-1945) Italian Fascist Dictator of World War II & VITTORIO EMANUELE III (1869-1947) King of Italy 1900-46. D.S., `Mussolini´, and `Vittorio Emanuele´, one page, folio, San Rossore, 3rd September 1936, in Italian. The partially printed document is a decree, bearing the printed heading ''Vittorio Emanuele III, by the grace of god and by the will of the Nation King of Italy - Emperor of Ethiopia'', according to which the King of Italy grants an appointment to a member of the 1st Class military electrician Corps. Signed at the base in bold black ink by the King and beneath by Mussolini in his capacity as Minister of war. With few official contemporary ink stamps and two countersignatures. With extremely small pinholes to the left border as a result of its detachment, otherwise G to VG

BRATIANU ION I. C.: (1864-1927) Romanian Prime Minister 1909-10, 1914-18, 1918-19, 1922-26, 1927. D.S., Ion I C Bratianu, one page, folio, Bucharest, April 1916, in Romanian. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is issued by the Ministry of Defence of the Kingdom of Romania and concerns the promotion of Dumitru Sinescu to the rank of deputy reserve admissions officer. Some light age wear at the folds, otherwise VG

LENIN VLADIMIR: (1870-1924) Russian revolutionary and politician who served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia 1917-24 and of the Soviet Union 1922-24 & TSIURUPA ALEXANDER (1870-1928) Bolshevik leader and Soviet politician who served as People's Commissar for Food of the RSFSR 1918-21. A rare D.S. by both Lenin ('V Ulyanov (Lenin)') and Tsiurupa ('A Tsyurupa') individually, one page, folio, Kremlin, Moscow, 20th June 1919, with the stamped heading of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Workers and Peasants Defence Council, in Cyrillic. The typed document is addressed to Narkomprod (People's Commissariat for Food Supplies) of Crimea and states, in part, 'Considering the severity of the food situation in Russia, and the enormous shortages of food for children, especially for sick children, I suggest that all canned fruits available in Crimea, as well as cheese, should be earmarked solely for feeding sick children in Northern Russia. Products should be sent to Komprod's address'. Signed at the conclusion by Lenin in his capacity as Chairman of the Defence Council and by Tsiurupa in his capacity as People's Commissar for Food Supplies, alongside an official circular purple ink stamp. Some very light, extremely minimal age wear, VGThe People's Commissariat for Food Supplies (also known by it's abbreviation Narkomprod) was originally founded in 1917 and was the ministry of the Russian SFSR in charge of food supplies and industrial goods.Lenin and Tsiurupa signed the present document at a significant time during the Russian Civil War (1917-23) throughout which Crimea changed hands numerous times. Whilst it was governed by the Bolsheviks in June 1919, it would not be long before it became the stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army under the command of General Anton Denikin. It is therefore possible that Lenin and Tsiurupa, aware of the situation facing Crimea, were attempting to get as much food as they could out of the area before it was too late.

CHURCHILL WINSTON S.: (1874-1965) British Prime Minister 1940-45, 1951-55. Nobel Prize winner for Literature, 1953. Book signed and inscribed, being a folio softcover edition of Winston Churchill – The Greatest Figure of Our Time, edited by Bruce Ingram, First edition published by The Illustrated London News, London, 1954. Issued as an Eightieth Year tribute to Churchill, the volume is profusely illustrated and includes twelve colour plates and four gravure plates and with sections of text devoted to Churchill in Parliament, and in War, Churchill the man, and his place in history. Signed by Churchill in fountain pen ink to the plain recto of the frontispiece illustration, ‘To P. G. Oates from Winston S. Churchill’, and dated 1954 in his hand. An unusual volume to find signed. Some very light, minor age wear, VG Peter Geoffrey Oates (1919-2007) British civil servant who worked in the Prime Minister’s office at 10 Downing Street from 1951, firstly as private secretary to Attlee, and later to Winston S. Churchill.

MARTI JOSE & ESTRADA PALMA TOMAS: José Martí (1853-1895) Cuban Poet, Writer and Revolutionary Philosopher. Martí is considered a national hero as well as a leading figure in Latin American literature. He became a symbol for Cuba's fight for independence in the 19th century, and is referred to as the ''Apostle of Cuban Independence''; & Tomas Estrada Palma (1835-1908) First President of Cuba 1902-1906, and previously during the Ten Year´s War. Remembered for allowing the Platt Amendment which ensured American dominance over Cuba. An exceptional and very attractive multiple D.S., `José Martí´, and `T. Estrada Palma´, two pages, large folio, New York, 20th January 1895, to Frederick W. Ramsden, in Spanish. The partially printed document bears the printed heading of the New York delegation of the Cuban Revolutionary party, being a title given to contributors in favour of the cause, a patriotic assistance fundraising to finance the war in favour of the Independence and for the Freedom of Cuba. The attractive document, printed in red ink, bears palms and a coat of arms to the front page. The document is signed by Marti and Estrada Palma in their capacity as delegates and is also signed by Gonzalo de Quesada as Secretary of the delegation. The lengthy handwritten text, is a manifesto in favour of Cuban Independence and freedom, against the Spanish occupancy and slavery, concluding with the motto ''Homeland and Freedom''. The document bears beneath the signatures a large black paper seal affixed of the Delegation of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Small overall minor age wear, with small remnants of a former red wax seal to the lower edge. G to VG The present document is signed by Jose Marti on 20th 1895, only one week before drawing up the Uprising order. A month later, on 24th February, the uprising took place, and three months later Marti was killed at the battle of Dos Rios only a month after having returned to Cuba. Gonzalo de Quesada y Arostegui (1868-1915) was the key architect of Cuba´s Independence Movement with Jose Marti. Appointed Special Commissioner of Cuba to the United States in 1900. He later entered the diplomatic service, becoming minister to the United States. De Quesada authored ''A History of Free Cuba'' (1898) and ''Cuba'' (1905). He also edited Marti's literary works 1900-11.

MACEO Y GRAJALES JOSE ANTONIO: (1845-1896) Guerrilla iconic Leader and second-in-command of the Cuban army of independence. Cubans nicknamed Maceo ''The Bronze Titan'' because of his multiple wounds in battle, while Spanish nicknamed him ''The elder Lion''. Maceo was killed near Punta Brava by Spanish forces after being betrayed by the physician of his headquarters. Rare D.S., `Jose Maceo´, one page, folio, Head Quarters of El Perico, 14th March 1896, in Spanish. The present letter was signed by Maceo six months before being killed. The partially printed document bears a printed coat of arms to the upper left corner and is the appointment of vice-Lieutenant Miguel Fernandez as Lieutenant, and signed by Mateo y Grajales in his capacity as General Major of the Liberation Army of Cuba. Overall important age wear, creasing and staining, with few holes and small tears to edges. Large repairs to the verso. P

[SLAVERY]: A very interesting document, one page, large 17 x 12 folio, given at Matanzas, Cuba, n.d., in Spanish. The partially printed document, bearing the printed heading "Registro General de Patronato de la Provincia de Matanzas” (“General Registry of the Council of the Province of Matanzas”), is a detailed list of twenty-two slaves, fourteen men and eight women, five being children, including the full names of their “Patrono” (“Patron”), the names given to the slaves `Tomasa - Atanasio - Polonia - Estanislao…´, an identification number given to each of them, their sex, their origin `Creole - Africa…´, and their age, being 5 years old the younger and 33 the older. Five slave names are crossed, showing the reason to the right border of the official document, to the last column, stating that these five slaves were freed, indicating `Libre´ (“Free”) and the dates they were freed, between 1882 and 1886. Overall age wear and toning, with edges trimmed. Repaired to the verso to the fold. About G

ARAMBURU PEDRO EUGENIO: (1903-1970) Argentine General who was the dictator of Argentina from 1955 to 1958. Aramburu was a major figure of the “Revolucion Libertadora”, the military coup agains President Juan Peron in 1955. Aramburu was kidnapped and assassinated in 1970. AAn attractive Document signed, two pages, folio, Buenos Aires, 31st Julio 1956, to the President of the republic of Bolivia, Victor Paz, in Spanish. The attractive document, bearing to the heading an attractive colourful Argentinean monogram, is the appointment of an Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador and states in part `He resuelto recomendar la representación del Gobierno Argentino en el acto solemne de la transmisión del mando presidencial en ese país hermano, como Embajador Extraordinario y Plenipotenciario en misión especial a su Excelencia el señor Ministro Secretario de Estado…los fervientes votos que formulo por el acierto y el pleno éxito de su Gobierno y para que durante él, se consolide aún más, si es posible, la tradicional y fraterna amistad que felizmente existe entre ambas Repúblicas´ (Translation: “I have resolved to recommend the representation of the Argentine Government in the solemn ceremony of the transmission of Presidential command in that sister country, as Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador on a special mission to His Excellency the Minister Secretary of State...the fervent wishes that I formulate for the full success of Your Government and so that during it, the traditional and fraternal friendship that happily exists between both Republics is consolidated, and reinforced if possible”) Bearing a blind embossed seal alongside Aramburu´s signature. VG

VARGAS GETULIO: (1882-1954) Brazilian politician who served as President of Brazil 1930-45, 1951-54. L.S., Getulio Vargas, two pages, folio, Presidential Palace, Rio de Janeiro, 31st May 1938, to German Busch (‘Grande e Bom Amigo’), in Portuguese. The official diplomatic letter is elegantly penned on official stationery featuring the gold printed coat of arms of Brazil at the head, and advises Busch that the ambassador Gastao Paranhos do Rio Branco is needed on another mission and will no longer be the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Bolivia, further remarking ‘I am convinced that Mr. Gastao Paranhos do Rio Branco, during his stay in your country, will have done everything possible to deserve the esteem and benevolence of Your Excellency, striving to maintain and strengthen the bonds of cordial friendship that fortunately exist between our countries’. Countersigned at the conclusion by Oswaldo Aranha (1894-1960) Brazilian politician, diplomat and statesman who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs 1938-44 and is remembered for lobbying for the creation of the State of Israel whilst President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1947 (for his efforts on Palestine, Aranha was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1948). A couple of light marks to the upper left corner of the first page, otherwise about EX German Busch (1903-1939) Bolivian statesman who served as President of Bolivia 1937-39. Gastao Paranhos do Rio Branco (1888-1961) Brazilian diplomat who was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to La Paz (1937-38), Copenhagen (1939-42), Santo Domingo (1943-46), Nanking (1946-52) and New Delhi (1947-48).

LULA DA SILVA LUIZ INACIO: (1945- ) Brazilian politician who served as President of Brazil 2003-10 and again since January 2023. T.L.S.. L I Luba, two pages (written to the first and third sides of the bifolium), folio, Palacio do Planalto, Brasilia, 18th June 2003, to Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada (‘Grande e bom amigo’), in Portuguese. The official diplomatic letter is written on Lula da Silva’s official stationery featuring the gold printed coat of arms of Brazil at the head, and advises Sanchez de Lozada that the ambassador Stelio Marcos Amarante is now required to take up a new post and will no longer be the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador to Bolivia, further remarking ‘I am convinced that Mr. Stelio Marcos Amarante, during his stay in that post, will have done everything possible to deserve the esteem and benevolence of your Excellency, striving to maintain and increasingly strengthen the bonds of cordial friendship existing between our two countries’. With a circular blind embossed paper seal affixed alongside Lula da Silva’s signature. About EXGonzalo Sanchez de Lozada (1930- ) President of Bolivia 1993-97, 2002-03.

FORD HARRISON: (1942- ) American actor. A printed folio edition of Daily Variety magazine for Friday, 4th March 1994, featuring a colour image to the cover of Ford in a half-length pose in costume as the fictional professor of archaeology Indiana Jones. Signed and inscribed by Ford in bold black ink to a light area of the image. Some very light surface creasing and minor age wear, otherwise VG

BIZET GEORGES: (1838-1875) French Composer. Rare Autograph Musical score by Bizet, four pages, large folio score page, n.p. , n.d., in French, and musical text in Italian. The score corresponds to Charles Gounod´s opera Faust. Bizet has penned 35 bars in two staves, with multiple corrections and words in Italian, being the scene two of the fourth act, almost complete, from `.. Quando a te lieta sorridea la vita... » to « ... io ti sarò fedele amico ognor´, which on the French libretto corresponds to (“Si le bonheur à sourire t'invite... I will remain your faithful friend..”) To the upper edge of the first score page, the editor Antoine de Choudens annotates `Pour remplacer la page 316 - Nouvelle romance de Siebel´, and to a small 8vo note, lightly affixed to the upper right corner Choudens states in French `Deux copies des parties d'orchestre et de la partition depuis l'andante en la jusqu'à fin.. mettre les paroles françaises a prendre dans Marguerite..´ With numerous small tears and chips to the edges and some light blue paper residue to the first page. G Charles Gounod (1818-1893) French Composer. Faust (is an opera in five acts by Charles Gounod. Premiered at the Theatre Lyrique of Paris in March 1859.After Bizet´s return from Rome to Paris, he found a found a supplement of income in work of arrangements, in particular of reductions for piano and songs, and even of copies. He worked especially for the music publisher Antoine de Choudens, who became his friend, and for Charles Gounod, of whom he was close.

RAVEL MAURICE: (1875-1937) French composer. A good signed printed folio programme for the Grand Festival Maurice Ravel held in the Salle Imperiale of the Hotel du Palais de Biarritz on 24th August 1930 to benefit regional assistance works and the Ciboure War Memorial, signed (‘Maurice Ravel’) by Ravel in blue fountain pen ink with his name alone to a clear area of the title page and also signed by Jacques Thibaud (1880-1953) French violinist, Robert Casadesus (1899-1972) French pianist and composer, Madeleine Grey (1896-1979) French soprano, and Philipe Gaubert (1879-1941) French flautist. All have signed in fountain pen inks with their names alone. Accompanied by two original printed slim oblong 8vo tickets for the concert. Some light creasing and minor age wear, about VG

HAYDN JOSEPH: (1732-1809) Austrian composer of the Classical period. A bound folio edition of Dr Haydn's VI Original Canzonettas, for the Voice with an Accompaniment for the Piano-Forte, Dedicated to Mrs. John Hunter, the title page further stating 'Printed for the Author, & Sold by him at No.1. Bury Street, St. James's, at Messrs Corri, Dussek & Co., Music Sellers to her Majesty, No. 67 Dean Street, Soho & Bridge Street, Edinburgh', n.d. (c. June 1794). The sheet music comprises The Mermaids Song, Recollection, A Pastoral Song, Despair, Pleasing Pains and Fidelity. Signed ('Haydn', with a paraph) by Haydn in dark ink at the base of the title page. Bound by Kelly of Gower Place in dark red cloth with gilt stamped title to the cover. Rare. Some light foxing and minor overall age wear, about VG Anne Hunter (1742-1821) British poet and salon hostess, wife of the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter. Anne Hunter is chiefly remembered as the author of texts to at least nine of Haydn's fourteen songs in English, including several represented in the present volume. Hunter and her husband entertained the leading Bluestockings at their house.

[SCHUBERT FRANZ]: (1797-1828) Austrian composer. A pair of antique spectacles previously owned and worn by Franz Schubert, featuring oval spherical glass lenses within a silver (?) frame, the bridge composed of symmetrical opposing gentle curves which meet in the centre and measure approximately 3 cm; the hinged library temples approximately 12 cm each in length, both with an exposed loop at the end. Accompanied by a dark brown leather covered green card eyeglasses case. Both are loosely contained in a handsome foam lined dark blue cloth clamshell presentation box with a contemporary magazine engraving of the composer in a head and shoulders pose wearing an identical pair of spectacles. With a gilt stamped leather title to the lid, ‘Brille von Franz Schubert’. Almost always painted or drawn wearing spectacles, eyeglasses remain an iconic part of the composer’s appearance. A rare and unusual keepsake accompanied by excellent provenance. Some expected age wear, particularly to the exterior of the case, otherwise VGProvenance: Accompanied by a handwritten testimony of provenance signed (‘FN’) by the Austrian conductor Franz Xavier Neubacher, a previous custodian of the spectacles, in German, stating that they were gifted by Ferdinand Schubert (1794-1859), brother of Franz and a teacher at the Normal-Hauptschule at St. Anna, to his student Karl Schawerda, the grandfather of Neubacher’s late wife, and that Karl Schawerda’s daughter (the mother-in-law of Neubacher) passed them on to the conductor in 1933 along with a school report issued to Karl Schawerda by Ferdinand Schubert. Also included is the school report of Schawerda signed (‘Ferd. Schubert’) by Ferdinand Schubert, one page, slim folio, St, Anna, Vienna, 6th August 1856, in German. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, testifies that Karl Schawerda attended his second year at the lower secondary school ‘very diligently’ and that his morals were ‘very good’, and further makes observations regarding his progress in religious doctrine, German, Italian, geography, history (the latter two both ‘very good’), natural history, arithmetic and other subjects, concluding that he is deserving of a place in the first class. Further including an oblong 4to printed announcement of Franz Schubert’s death, issued in the name of the composer’s father, and informing friends and acquaintances that his ‘dearly beloved son….music artist and composer, fell asleep to a better life after a short illness’ on Wednesday afternoon at 3 o’clock. Dated at Vienna, 20th November 1828.

LISZT FRANZ: (1811-1886) Hungarian composer, pianist and conductor of the Romantic period. A good Autograph musical manuscript, unsigned, four pages (manuscript paper), slim oblong folio (approx. 13 x 7.5”, cut from larger sheets), n.p., n.d. (c.1858-59). The manuscript is a partial draft of Liszt’s song Ich mochte hingehn (LW N31, S296), the pages ruled with twelve staves per page, scored for voice and piano, four systems of three staves per page, with the exception of the final page, some 104 bars (nine of which are cancelled) and the first two pages paginated ‘3’ and ‘4’. The manuscript includes the text, in German, taken from Georg Herwegh’s poem Strophen aus der Fremde (stanzas four to six from the total of seven). Some light age wear and a few neat splits to the edges of the central vertical folds, only very slightly affecting the music and text, and with a few small tears to the upper edge of the second leaf, otherwise about VGThe present manuscript dates from around 1858-59 when Liszt was revising a number of his earlier songs for Gesammelte Lieder and another incomplete draft for Ich mochte hingehn from the same period is held within the Frederick R. Koch collection at Yale’s Beinecke Library. The fact that multiple compositional drafts of the song exist demonstrates the manner in which Liszt worked on his songs, continually revising them over the years until they essentially became new works, sometimes unrecognisable from the original versions. After entering into an agreement with Schlesinger to prepare a collected edition of his songs, published as Gesammelte Lieder between 1855-59, Liszt revised earlier songs such as Ich mochte hingehn, many of which originated in the 1840s, and what began as fair copies soon developed into compositional drafts as he started to revise them as he progressed. During this process Liszt used manuscript paper originally intended for orchestral music, cut down or torn from larger sheets, as is the case with the present manuscript. The musicologist Susan Youens, one of the world’s foremost authorities on German lieder previously wrote ‘The poet of Ich möchte hingehn, Georg Herwegh, was also known for his revolutionary political poems (he had to flee to Switzerland twice) and his translations of Lamartine and Shakespeare; he was the first recipient of Marie d’Agoult’s ‘Liszt novel’ Nélida. But the text of this song, among Liszt’s longer lieder, starts as a multipartite vision of the ‘good death’, analogous to the last gleam of sunset dying in the womb of the eternal, like the star in fullest glory sinking quietly into the blue depths, like a flower’s fragrance dispelled in air, like the dying tone of a harp, etc. But poem and song culminate in the denial that any such death awaits humanity’s broken heart. The first two episodes of this masterpiece (one of Liszt’s best songs) each begin with the same rising chromatic sequence, fraught with yearning, and end with an un-final harmony and a fermata, before the meditation on death resumes, wending its way to the singer’s final shriek and the fading of the piano’s last minor chord. Liszt first created this song, which anticipates Wagner’s use of the half-diminished ‘Tristan’ chord by ten years, as a final farewell to Caroline de Saint-Cricq, his first love from when both were teenagers in Paris’.

SHOSTAKOVICH DMITRI: (1906-1975) Russian Composer. An excellent and rare signed musical score, with multiple annotations in Shostakovich´s hand, being the score for cello of his work Seven Romances on Poems by Alexander Blok, for soprano, violin, cello and piano, op.127 (1967). Printed paper cover musical score, signed `D. Shostakovich´, in Cyrillic, seven pages, folio, n.p., n.d., with titles in Cyrillic. Signed by the author to the title page, also adding several musical annotations and corrections in his hand, in red ink. Among others, to the fifth page, Shostakovich changes the title of the seventh Romance, replacing The Night by Music. An excellent working musical score. Overall age wear, with one of the sheets reinforced to the edge, otherwise G The premiere of Seven Romances on Poems by Alexander Blok, for soprano, violin, cello and piano took place on 23rd October 1967 at the Moscow Conservatory, and was performed by Galina Vishnevskaya to whom the work was dedicated, as soprano, by Mstislav Rostropovich as cellist, by David Oistrakh as violinist and with the Composer, Shostakovich, playing the piano. The present score provenance is from the collection of Nadejda Yurievna (1933-2006) a well-known Russian singer of Romances and chamber music.

THOMSON GEORGE: (1757-1851) Scottish music publisher and a noted collector of the music of Scotland. A folio bound volume of A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs for the Voice, edited by George Thomson, Volume I only, published by Preston, London, 1817, as a ‘new and improved edition’ featuring ‘Introductory & Concluding Symphonies & Accompaniments for the Piano Forte, Violin & Violoncello by Pleyel, Kozeluch & Haydn, with Select & Characteristic Verses both Scottish and English adapted to the Airs including upwards of One Hundred New Songs by Burns’, pages 1-50 of paralleled text and music, and also including a preface, index to the poetry, and index to the airs, as well as an engraved frontispiece entitled The Birks of Invermay. Signed (‘Go. Thomson’) by Thomson in dark ink to the foot of the title page. Bound in the original stiff paper covers (strengthened with thick tape to the edges and spine). Some overall age wear and light foxing throughout. About G

GREGORY XVI: (1765-1846) Pope of the Catholic Church and Ruler of the Papal States 1831-46. Strongly traditionalist he opposed modernising reforms. Gregory XVI is the most recent non-bishop to become Pope. A good and clean L.S., `Gregorius P.P. XVI´, one page, folio, Saint Peter, Rome, 11th June 1845, to Mr. Collombet, in “Lugdunum” (“Lyon”), in Latin. Gregory XVI writes this letter in his capacity as Pope, stating in part `Dilecte fili, salutem et apostolicam benedictionem libenter tuas accepimus litteras intimo pictatis, atque obsequii sensu exaratas cum historia gallico sermone a fe conscripta typisque lugdunensibus edita de Hieronymo, cujus epistolas gallice quoque a fe redditas jam pridem nobis offerre voluisti...´ (Translation: “Beloved son, we gladly received your greeting and apostolic blessing in your intimately written letter, and written with a sense of obedience, with a history written in French by Faith and issued to the people of Lyon, concerning Hieronymus, whose letters, also rendered in French by Faith, you wished to offer us a long time ago…”) Further again, the Pope congratulates his correspondent for his work, saying `…we congratulate you very much that you are endeavouring to spend your care and energy in recounting the excellent deeds of so great a doctor of the church, and in completing other religious works…´ Bearing to the address leaf a Papal red wax seal in good condition, with several ink stamps. VG

JOHN PAUL II: (1920-2005) Pope of the Catholic Church 1978-2005, later canonised as Pope Saint John Paul II in 2014. D.S., `+ Karol Card. Wojtyla´, as Cardinal and Archbishop of Krakow, one page, folio, Lublin, 19th September 1976, in Polish. The attractive printed purple, blue and gold coloured document, is a diploma of participation in the final of the Sacrosong music festival. Signed by the future Pope in his capacity as President and Chairman of the festival. VG

[CARTER HOWARD]: (1874-1939) English archaeologist and Egyptologist who discovered the Tomb of Tutankhamun in 1923. T.L.S., D. Taifirnopoulo, by a self-proclaimed Spiritualist, one page, folio, Alexandria, 19th July 1932, to Howard Carter. Tayfirnopoulo writes, in full, ‘I have the honour to inform you that by the Will of God and the means of the High and Holy Spiritualism, we will be shown the exact spot where the Tomb of Alexander the Great lies. The day on which the said spot will be shown to us has already been appointed: it ts the 15th day of August 1932. We hold instructions from the Spirits according to which you should participate in this Great Deed and shall be glad, therefore, to know the terms upon which you would agree with us’ and in a postscript further remarks ‘You may rest assured that what is written above is not a made-up story but a real fact from Divine Source’. A few very light, minor creases, otherwise VG

BALMAIN PIERRE: (1914-1982) French fashion Designer and leader of the fashion house Balmain. A good and lengthy A.L.S., `Pierre´, two pages, folio, Cairo, 25th September, n.y., to Anna, in French. On the attractive Hotel Mena House Oberoi of Cairo printed stationery, Balmain refers to their letters reaching each other of them late `Il semble en effet que nos correspondances soient frappées de quelque interdit…´ (Translation: “Indeed, it seems that our correspondence is subject to some ban...”) Further Balmain makes a funny comment about women on camels close to the Grande Pyramid, and continues with artistic opinions about the hotel decoration, saying `Ici, je vous écris tout en face de la grande pyramide - Il y a peu, un grand cortège de dames touristes aux appats lourds, juchées sur autant de dromadaires, a commencé à faire la large avenue qui mène à sa base - dérisoire hommage aux souveraines de cette terre des anciens âges - L´Hôtel où nous sommes est un vestige de l´occupation britannique - Certes redécoré mais encore cependant plein des fastes de ce temps là - C´est un peu “L´Année Dernière à Marienbad” à la mode Arabe - couloirs de marbre gris ponctués d´ogives arabes, cloisons en moucharabich et meubles incrustés d´ivoire.. rien n´y manque, - sauf le public nonchalant et follement élégant du temps des Anglais..´ (Translation: `Here I am, writing to you right in front of the great pyramid - Only short ago, a large procession of ladies, tourists, perched on as many dromedaries, began to make the way of the large avenue which leads to the base of the pyramid - a derisory homage to the sovereigns women of this land of ancient ages - The Hotel where we are is a vestige of the British occupation - Admittedly redecorated but still full of the splendour of that time - It is a bit like “Last Year in Marienbad” in the Arabian fashion way - grey marble hallways punctuated with Arabian warheads, moucharabich partitions and ivory-encrusted furniture. Nothing is missing - except the nonchalant and wildly elegant public of the English era…”) VG

BEAMISH VICTOR: (1903-1942) Irish Group Captain, a fighter pilot and flying ace of World War II who participated in the Battle of Britain. A rare D.S., F V Beamish, one page, folio, n.p., 18th September 1940. The partially printed document, completed in Beamish’s hand, is a Combat Report (RAF Form 1151, marked Secret) providing details of one of the pilot’s aerial engagements and victories over the Isle of Sheppey during the Battle of Britain, the narrative stating, in part, ‘I took off after 249 Sqdn…..The Sqdn. was then at 21,000…..The 109’s were camouflaged exactly to match our Spitfires & were only noticeable by the square wing tail & the black cross beneath the wings at close range…..I immediately attacked the….109 & got a couple of good bursts into it. Its undercarriage dropped down & it poured out a lot of smoke & lost height rapidly. This was seen by P G Barton (249 Sqdn) from above……& he watched it down to within a few feet from the ground but then had to continue formation with his squadron. I then got another good burst into another 109 and was then set upon by three other 109s. My ammunition was almost gone, & I got out of a hot corner, after a few circles’. Autographs of Beamish are rare in any form as a result of him being killed in action during World War II at the young age of 38. A few small, minor tears to the edges, one only very slightly affecting one word of text, and some light age wear, about VG

HINDENBURG PAUL VON: (1847-1934) German Field Marshal and statesman who served as President of Germany 1925-34 and played a key role in the Nazi seizure of power, appointing Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in 1933. D.S., von Hindenburg, one page, folio, Berlin, 1st August 1926, in German. The partially printed document, completed in typescript, confirms the promotion of several military officers including, with effect from 1st July 1926, Major Ritter und Edler von Monschaw becoming a Lieutenant Colonel in the 1st (Prussian) Artillery Regiment and, with effect from 1st August 1926, Captain Hildebrand becoming a Major with command of the Hammerstein military training area. Signed by Hindenburg at the conclusion alongside a blind embossed seal and countersigned at the foot by Waldemar Reinecke, Chief of the Army Command, and one other. Two file holes to the left edge, not affecting the text or signatures. VG

HITLER ADOLF: (1889-1945) Fuhrer of the Third Reich 1934-45. D.S., Adolf Hitler, one page, folio, Berlin, 1st November 1934, in German. The partially printed document, completed in typescript, appoints Hauptmann Gerhard Hennig, Commander of the Straubing motor vehicle department, to be a Major with seniority from 1st November 1934, explaining that the promotion is executed ‘in the expectation that the appointee, true to the Imperial Constitution and laws, will fulfil his professional duties for the good of the Empire and justify the trust that is demonstrated in him by this appointment’ and at the same time Hitler will ‘assure him of the special protection of the Reich’. Signed by Hitler at the conclusion alongside a circular blind embossed seal featuring the Nazi eagle and countersigned at the foot by Werner von Blomberg (1878-1946) German Field Marshal who served as Minister of Defence 1933-35 and Reichsminister of War 1935-38 as well as being Commander-in-Chief of the German Armed Forces 1935-38. Two file holes to the left edge, not affecting the text or signatures. Together with two vintage unsigned postcard photographs of Hennig in different head and shoulders poses, wearing his uniform. VG, 3

[HITLER ADOLF]: (1889-1945) Fuhrer of the Third Reich 1933-45 & [MEISSNER OTTO] (1880-1953) German civil servant, head of the Office of the President of Germany 1920-45. D.S. in facsimile by both Hitler and Meissner, one page, folio, Fuhrer-Hauptquartier, 15th May 1944, in German. The partially printed document, completed in typescript, awards the War Merit Cross 1st Class to Fritz Leibrandt. The blue printed facsimile signatures of Hitler and Meissner appear at the foot of the document alongside a circular blind embossed seal featuring the Nazi eagle and swastika. Two file holes to the left edge and with some very light, minimal overall creasing, about VG

FLAUBERT GUSTAVE: (1821-1880) French novelist. A significant autograph manuscript, unsigned, three pages, folio, n.p., n.d. (c.1857), in French. Flaubert's extensive manuscript notes are entitled Un repas de noces - Lettre d'Hyppolochus a Lincée ('A wedding meal - Letter from Hyppolochus to Lincée') and were prepared by the novelist as research notes for chapter one ('The Feast') of his historical novel Salammbo. The text states, in part, (translated) 'Caranus making a nuptial feast in Macedonia invited twenty parasites there. As soon as they were seated at table each of them was given a bottle of silver. They had each received before entering the room a gold band estimated at five gold Ecus….. For us happy for the rest of our days, with what we took from the feast of Caranus, we seek goods, country houses, slaves to buy, with the presents with which he has showered us'. Rare in this form. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG Hippolochus was a Macedonian writer and student of Theophrastus, who addressed in a letter to his fellow student Lynceus of Samos a description of a wedding feast in Macedon in the early 3rd century BC. The bridegroom was a certain Caranus, most likely a relative of the Caranus who had been a companion of Alexander the Great. Flaubert's Salammbo is a historical novel which was published in 1862. Enormously popular in its day, the novel opens with a feast to celebrate the victory of the battle of Eryx, won against Rome, and was praised for its style and story. Provenance: It is believed that the present manuscript was originally included with a series of other research notes made by Flaubert, totaling some 26 pages, and entitled Letters of Alciphron. As well as including extracts relating to a wedding feast, the manuscript also featured observations relating to courtesans and the manners of the people of Greece (see Les Amis de Flaubert, bulletin 12, 1958).

DUMAS ALEXANDRE Pere: (1802-1870) French Writer whose works include The Three Musketeers. A very fine Autograph Manuscript signed twice `Al Dumas´, in bold ink and unusually cleanly written, six pages, to six sheets, folio, blue paper, n.p., n.d., in French. The present manuscript is part of a series of articles published in the Neapolitan journal L´Indipendente (“The Independent”), under the title Dell´origine del brigantaggio, delle cause della sua esistenza, e del modo di distruggerio (“On the origin of brigandage, causes of its existence, and method to destroy it”) Dumas starts the manuscript explaining `En verité nous avons Presque honte de revenir sans cesse sur le même sujet mais c´est que ce sujet es tune question de vie et de mort non seulement pour les provinces napolitaines, mais pour l´unité de l´Italie…´ (Translation: “To be fair, we are almost ashamed of constantly returning to the same matter, but this matter is a question of life and death not only for the Neapolitan provinces, but for the unity of Italy…”) A lengthy and interesting manifesto against brigandage, where Dumas opens subscriptions so that his readers can adhere to the cause. Before concluding this open letter against brigandage, and before signing to the fourth page, Dumas states `Les mauvais Italiens ne donnent que leur or. Les bons donnent leur or et leur sang´ (“The bad Italians only give their gold. The good ones give their gold and their blood”) To the sixth page, signed at the base, Dumas shows his literary style, stating in part `Il semble en verité que nous vivons au temps de Suétone, à l´époque où le secretaire d´Avicen racontait qque Néron avait fait tuer sa mère et était revenue après sa mort la regarder nue pour savoir si elle était aussi bien faite qu´on le disait… sans s´indigner ni du parricide ni de l´impiété, et comme s´il racontait la chose du monde la plus simple. Et bien nous l´avouons, nous, si nous nous taisons sur de pareils sujets… c´est que nous ne trouvons pas assez de paroles flétrissantes pour en fouetter sur la place publique, pour en marquer au front des fonctionnaires qui tendent la main aux brigands, non pour leur donner du pain, mais pour recevoir une poignee d´or. Oh plus que jamais monstres, monstres!´ (Translation: “It really seems that we live in the time of Suetonius, at the time when the secretary of Avicenus said that Nero had had his mother killed and returned after her death to look at her naked to find out if she was as well made as it was said... without being indignant at either the parricide or the impiety, and as if he was telling the simplest thing in the world. Well, we admit it, if we remain silent on such matters... it is because we do not find enough withering words to lash out in the public square, to mark the foreheads of the officials who deal with the bandits, not to give them bread, but to receive a handful of gold. Oh more than ever monsters, monsters!...”) Very small age tone to the edges, otherwise G to VG

COCTEAU JEAN: (1889-1963) French Writer, Playwright and Filmmaker. An excellent Autograph poem signed `Jean Cocteau´, two pages, folio, Barcelona, 14th July 1953, in French. Cocteau, in his less than usual untidy writing, entitles his poem `l´hommage à Manolete´ (`Tribute to Manolete´), comprising twenty-eight verses, divided in seven quatrains, saluting the memory of the great Spanish matador killed in the arena at the age of thirty, an iconic figure of the bullrings. The autograph poem includes multiple corrections and amendments in the hand of Cocteau, with crossed words, and inclusions. The heart touching poem first describes the bullring, the spectators and the feeling, saying `Figures de soleil et d´ombre seul il danse – Avec la dame illustre en sanglante mantille – Piquets de fleurs, orchestre et cornes d´abondance...´, further Cocteau poetically refers to Manolete´s death, stating `Cercle fermé par le noir joyau d´une oreille – Votre impeccable vie. Echangeâtes vos morts – A Linares, la bête et vous unique abeille – Disparue en un nuage de pollen d´or´ To the last four verses Cocteau concludes in some way the assumption of the Matador´s destiny, saying `Songe une gloire au bord de cette rive assise – Ainsi le vîmes nous, fluvial, sur l´image – Sainte. Que ceux qui ne savent pas lire lisent – Son nom d´astre loué par ma plume mage´ An excellent content poem. With small overall minor age wear, mostly to edges, otherwise G Manolete (1917-1947) Manuel Laureano Rodriguez Sanchez, known as Manolete, Spanish Bullfighter, widely considered one of the greatest bullfighters of all time. Manolete died in August 1947, following a fatal goring that occurred in his appearance alongside the glamourous matador Luis Miguel Dominguin in the Andalusian town of Linares. As he killed the fifth bull of the day, the Miura named Islero, Manolete was gored in his upper right leg, in an event that left Spain in a state of shock. The present poem was first published in 1957, included in the collection of works by Cocteau entitled La Corrida du 1er Mai (“The bullfight of the 1st of May”), by Grasset editions. This first edition was including drawings by Cocteau himself. Cocteau discovered Spain in July 1953 and was quickly fascinated by the bullfights and the flamenco. He made important researches on their origins and essence of both arts, emphasizing their sexual and tragic dimensions.

GENET JEAN: (1910-1986) French Novelist, Playwright, and political Activist. An interesting A.L.S., `Jean´, one page, folio, n.p., n.d., to Edmonde Charles-Roux, in French. Genet reports a very good new to his correspondent, stating `Chère Edmonde! Vous avez bien mérité de la République Populaire du Maroc! Votre protégé a gagné. La Préfecture de Boligny lui a délivré le permis de séjour. Valable un an. Renouvelable tous les ans. Mohamed est à tu et à toi avec Ponia. Je crois qu´ils dinent tous les soirs ensemble. On verra bien. Beau travail. Gaston peut être fier de vous…´ (Translation: “Dear Edmonde! You have deserved well from the People's Republic of Morocco! Your protégé has won. The Prefecture of Boligny issued him the residence permit. Valid for one year. Renewable every year. Mohamed is having a close relationship with Ponia. I think they have dinner together every night. We'll see. Good work. Gaston can be proud of you”) At the base of the letter and neneath Genet´s signature, Mohamed adds three lines in Arabic thanking Edmonde, and signing `Mohamed El Katrani´. Accompanied by an 8 x 10 attractive photograph of Genet, unsigned, showing the French Novelist standing in a three quarter length pose. Small age wear with creasing to the upper left corner, otherwise G Edmonde Charles-Roux (1920-2016) French Writer Genet refers to Mohamed El Katrani ( -1987) one of his last companions.

GENET JEAN: (1910-1986) French Novelist, Playwright, and political Activist. An unusual manuscript sentence in the hand of Genet, being the beginning of a letter he intended to address, but which was never finished nor sent, one page, lined paper, folio, n.p., 5th October, n.y., to Edmonde, in French. Genet stats in full `Le 5 Octobre – Chère Edmonde, Dîner en tête à tête avec vous mais ce sera une joie´ (Translation: “October 5th – Dear Edmonde, dinner for two, face to face you and me, but it will be a joy”). Together with an A.L.S., `Laurent Boyer´, two pages, folio, Paris, 18th January 1997, on the Editions Gallimard printed stationery, to Edmonde Charles-Roux, in French. Boyer states in part `Chère Madame, A la retraite depuis deux mois, mais ayant fort à faire pour classer et archiver les dossiers accumulés au cours de 38 ans de travail chez Gallimard, j´ai mis en ordre les papiers que Jean Genet venait deposer dans mon bureau quand il venait à Paris. Ces quelques mots de sa main sur une page de son bloc, étaient peut-être le debut d´une lettre qui vous était destinée? Peut-être vous évoquent-ils un souvenir? A tout hasard je vous transmets ce message d´outre-tombe, puisque Genet m´avait désigné comme son exécuteur testamentaire chargé de la gestion de son oeuvre…´ (Translation: “Dear Madam, Retired as I am since two months ago, but having a lot to do classifying and archiving the files accumulated during 38 years of work at Gallimard, I put in order the papers that Jean Genet came to leave in my office when he was coming to Paris. These few words in his handwriting on a page in his pad, were perhaps the beginning of a letter intended for you? Maybe they evoke a memory for you? By any chance I am sending you this message from beyond the grave, since Genet had designated me as his executor responsible for the management of his work…”) Also including a copy of the typed letter, unsigned, sent by Edmonde Charles-Roux to Laurent Boyer, responding to his letter, and stating in part `Cher Laurent Boyer, Le début d´une lettre jamais achevée et qu´avait l´intention de m´adresser Jean Genet m´a infiniment touché et je vous remercie très sincèrement de me l´avoir envoyée´ (Translation: “Dear Laurent Boyer, the beginning of a letter never finished and which Jean Genet intended to send to me has deeply touched me and I thank you very sincerely for having sent it to me”) Accompanied by an 8 x 8 photograph of Genet, unsigned, showing the French artist seated in a head and shoulders pose in his late years. VG, 4 Edmonde Charles-Roux (1920-2016) French Writer

SCOTT WALTER: (1771-1832) Scottish historical novelist, poet, playwright and historian. D.S., Walter Scott, to the final page of an official manuscript letter addressed to Scott in his capacity as Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire, from John Lang, three pages, folio, Selkirk, 1st March 1800. The letter concerns George Tanet, Walter James and John Bryden (‘all lawfull children of the…..deceased Walter Bryden’) and states, in part, ‘it being incumbent on the complainers to give up inventory of the said pupils their means and estate as prescribed by Act of Parliament….intitled…..Pupils and Minors and their Tutors and Curators it is necessary thereto that the persons after named & designed nearest in kin to the pupils on the father & mothers side be lawfully summoned to concurr with the complainers tutors foresaid in making up the said inventories’, further asking Scott to issue a proclamation that several individuals, including Jean and Margaret Ballantyne, appear in court on the 19th March. The final page of the document bears Scott’s signed statement, dated at Selkirk on 19th March 1800, explaining that ‘the said nearest in kin have failed’ to comply and concludes ‘The Sheriff having considered the above minute with the absence of the nearest in kin delegate and appoint John Lang…..to concur with the within named……tutors in making up the prementioned inventories; and ordain the pursuers to produce three duplicates of…..inventories in court upon the fifteenth day of April….to be then duly signed and received’. Some extensive age wear, small tears, creasing and dust staining to the edges and some folds, slightly affecting Scott’s signature. FR

STEINBECK JOHN: (1902-1968) American writer, Nobel Prize winner for Literature, 1962. A fascinating autograph manuscript, unsigned, six pages (separate leaves, written to the rectos only), folio, n.p., n.d. (1953). The manuscript, written in pencil and with various corrections as well as significantly longer unpublished sections to the published text, represents Steinbeck’s essay My Short Novels which appeared in Wings magazine in October 1953 ahead of the publication of the works as a collection. Steinbeck provides his analysis of six novels and opens with an introduction (numbered 1B) which is entirely different to the published version, in the present text writing ‘A book, even a little book, is a kind of person. It has tone – that’s its personality, and structure, that’s its physique…..During the time of a book’s writing, the author is his book – not one or other of the characters but the whole book…..When the book is finished, that person usually dies in the author……If the author has deeply loved the book……then when it is finished, he forgets…..the struggles and doubts and he remembers it as he would a dear person who is gone……I have never gone back over books long finished until now. But the printing of these short novels in one volume requires that I look at these and try to remember them. It is a confusing thing. Can I have been all of these persons……’, continuing to refer to his writing processes (‘Writing is an elusive business’) and commenting on the novels in particular ‘No two of these novels are alike. It would be strange if they were. Each one grew out of a time, and a condition, a state of mind, and states of history both personal and general. I can’t be sure that what I set down now is accurate but I have tried to remember’. Steinbeck then proceeds to reflect on the six stories, the circumstances of their writing, their reception, the goals he pursued in writing them, and more, beginning with The Red Pony, the manuscript reading ‘The Red Pony was set down in a matter (?) of pain. My mother was dying and her death was the first break in the family. Young people try to find a reason or a cause or a purpose in the events which move them. I suppose this is self-protective. In this time, I went back to my own childhood and tried as so many others have to write a death and a transfiguration, a balance between life and death…..’ (The published text varied considerably, ‘The Red Pony was written a long time ago, when desolation reigned in my family. The first death had arrived. And the family, which every child believes to be immortal, was broken. Perhaps this is the coming of age for every man and woman. The first torturous question: why?, then acceptance, and then the child becomes a man. The Red Pony was an attempt, an experiment, if you will, to put on paper this loss, this acceptance and this growth’). The writer then turns to Tortilla Flat, reflecting ‘I had been reading extensively concerning the Arthurian cycle – not with great scholarship but with interest…..wondering what real thing had happened out of which the myths grew. And then as an exercise I wrote Tortilla Flat using the people and stories currently told in Monterey but trying to set them in a moral tissue like the Gesta Romanorum. It was a kind of satire attempt to write folk lore….’, continuing with Of Mice and Men (‘another experiment’) and providing an anecdote involving his dog, Toby, who was thoughtful and given to brooding, ‘Once when I had finished about two thirds of Of Mice and Men I went out for an evening leaving Toby alone. Perhaps his critical sense took charge. At any rate he tore my manuscript book to confetti. There was no fitting it together. I had to start from the beginning…..I’ve often wondered how different the two versions were. I’ll never know’, writing of The Moon is Down, which was published after an interval when several long novels were created, ‘The Moon is Down was a kind of declaration of faith in the strength and survival of free and democratic men over dictatorship. The book got me in a lot of trouble. I was called a traitor…..’, the essay continuing ‘The fifth short novel was Cannery Row. It was written on my return from Europe and Africa…..as a war correspondent. It was written as a nostalgic thing to forget the bitterness and horror……It was said that I didn’t know anything about war; perfectly true although how Park Avenue commandos found me out I can’t conceive…..Subsequently I saw a piece of war as a correspondent and following that wrote Cannery Row….[for]…..soldiers who had said “Write something funny that isn’t about the war…..we’re sick of war”. They had to fight it……It was pleasing to me that half a million copies were distributed to troops and they didn’t complain. We had some very war-like critics then. They had no patience with soldiers’ and concluding ‘In Mexico I heard a story and made a long jump back to the Tortilla Flat time. I tried to write it as folk lore…..I called it The Pearl. It didn’t do so well at first…..but it seems to be gathering some friends or at least acquaintances. And that’s the list in this volume. It is strange to me that I have lived so many lives. Thinking back it seems an endless time – and only a moment’. The manuscript, as it exists in its present form (the pages are numbered 1B, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 5) finishes with what appears to be an incomplete sentence, ‘Miguel Cervantes created the modern novel’. A wonderful manuscript, full of interesting observations in which Steinbeck shows the thought process behind some of his most famous works, as well as writing in general, all interspersed with a little humour. Some chipping and small areas of paper loss to the edges of each of the pages, only very slightly affecting a few words of text. G

CURIE MARIE: (1867-1934) French Physicist and Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Physics, 1903, with her husband Pierre Curie, and Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1911. The first person to be honoured with two Nobel prizes. A very interesting and rare D.S., M. Curie, as director of the laboratory, one page, folio, Paris, 20th July 1931, on the printed stationery of the ''Institut Du Radium - Laboratoire Curie - 1, Rue Pierre-Curie, Paris'' in French. The partially printed document being a Certificate of ''Dosage de Radium par le Rayonnement'' (''Radium Dosage by Radiation''), and refers to all the tests done to the samples received from the Belgium Radium on 1st of July and returned on 21st of July, with hand-written annotations referring to thickness, gamma radiations, weight, etc… This radium came from the Belgium mines in Katanga, Belgium Congo, and at today´s date the Democratic Republic of Congo. An excellent document of good association. Extremely small creases to some corners, otherwise about EX

BHATNAGAR SHANTI SWAROOP: (1894-1955) Indian colloid chemist, academic and scientific administrator, revered as the ‘father of research laboratories’ in India. Typed D.S., S. S. Bhatnagar, one page, folio, New Delhi, India, August 1946. Bhatnagar responds to a researcher’s questionnaire entitled World Inquiry, with their manuscript questions at the head of the page, ‘1. Were your scientific “debut” easy or difficult? 2. Did means of living……enable you to make yourself known in science? Or did you live solely through your work of laboratory? 3. What work (or what discovery) made yourself more famous? Which do you consider as your master-piece?’ Bhatnagar provides his answers beneath, in part, ‘(1st) I consider it has been difficult, largely because I had to earn my living and spend a great deal of time on routine and administrative work……(2nd) No, I had no private income……(3rd) My work on emulsions and emulsification carried out in Lahore attracted considerable attention. My work on applications of physical chemistry to petroleum problems for Messrs. Steel Brothers……added to my reputation, but I think it is generally recognised that my work on Magnetochemistry and my book on Physical Principles and Applications of Magnetochemistry……in 1935 are perhaps my best contributions to science’. Some light age wear, creasing and a few small tears to the edges, and one longer tears to the central right fold (neatly repaired to the verso). G

GAUSS CARL FRIEDRICH: (1777-1855) German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. A.N.S., Gauss, one page, folio, n.p., (Gottingen), n.d. (August 1829), in German. Gauss's four-line note appears at the foot of a manuscript letter signed by an unidentified individual, dated at Gottingen, 18th August 1829, submitting a patent prepared by the student Menze for review. Gauss observes 'I remark that to my knowledge there is no Schlusselburg in the Hannoverian [territories]. Schlusselburg at the [river] Weser is Prussian'. A further, shorter note signed by an unidentified individual appears beneath and states that Schlusselburg is located in Westphalia. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

DROUET JEAN-BAPTISTE: (1763-1824) French Politician of the Revolution, best-known for being the person who in June 1791 identified, denounced and stopped the escape attempt of the King of France Louis XVI and his family during the “Flight to Varennes”. Drouet was postmaster at Saint-Menehould, but after this episode he became increasingly popular and would be appointed Deputy in the National Convention 1792-95. Drouet voted in 1793 for the death of Louis XVI without appeal and proposed the expulsion of all British speculators residing in France. An excellent and extremmely good content L.S., `Drouet - maitre de poste de Menehould´, three pages, folio, Paris, 11th July 1791, in French. Drouet sends the present letter, apparently sent to a member of the National Assembly, explaining what would be his wish and what he expects to receive as award for his behaviour when he managed to abort the King´s escape plan, saying `Animé du plus pur patriotism, et du désir d´être util à l´état, j´avais formé le projet de servir dans les troupes de ligne, réfléchissant ensuite que ma fortune ne pourrait(sic) suffire aux dépenses nécessaires… j´ai préféré de vous prier de m´employer soit dans la Gendarmerie Nationale, soit dans la Garde Nationale…´ (Translation: “Driven by the purest patriotism, and the desire to be useful to the state, I had formed the plan to serve in the line troops, then reflecting that my fortune cannot be sufficient for the necessary expenses... I preferred to ask you to employ me either in the National Gendarmerie or in the National Guard…”) Drouet further refers to the reward that he was promised after his heroic behaviour in favour of the Revolution, and states `Quant à la récompense dont vous m´avez flatté, Monsieur, que l´assemblée Nationale voudrait bien s´occuper en ma faveur, je me soumets entièrement à sa decision, et je l´attendrai avec respect´ (Translation: “As for the reward with which you have flattered me, Sir, which the National Assembly would like to take care of in my favour, I submit myself entirely to its decision, and I will await it with respect”) To a post-scriptum, Drouet also kindly asks for an upgrading appointment of a member of his family, Augustin Drouet, who helped and had an important role in the Flight to Varennes events. Paper with watermark. Small overall minor age wear, otherwise G

SANTERRE ANTOINE: (1752-1809) French Brewer who participated in the Storm of the Bastille and became General and Commander of the National Guard during the French Revolution. Very popular for his generosity as owner of the Brasserie de la Magdeleine. A.N.S., Santerre, one page, folio, Paris, 22nd March 1793, to a L.S., by several members of the Bon-Conseil Parisian section, to the war Minister. Santerre writes a four lines annotation at the base of the document, bearing an attractive printed heading, supporting the Parisian section request for a Captain appointment. To the left border the Minister has added a three lines apostille responding that the Captain appointment is not possible but could be employed as lieutenant. Countersigned by Jean-Baptiste Bergot and Louis-Marie Lulier. With a red wax seal of the Parisian section in good condition. VG Jean-Baptiste Bergot (17?-1794) President of the Parisian Bon-Conseil section. Guillotined. Louis-Marie Lulier (1746-1794) Member of the Bon-Conseil committee section. Politician and prosecutor, close to Hébert. He committed suicide in prison. Pierre Riel de Beurnonville (1752-1821) General under Revolution and during the Empire, Marshal of France, Minister of war in 1793.

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY: A good L.S., by four relevant members of the Committee of Public Safety, one page, folio, Paris, 10th August 1794, in French. Signed at the base by Jean Marie Collot d´Herbois (1749-1796) French Actor, Dramatist and Revolutionary. President of the National Convention in June 1793. Although he saved Madame Tussaud from the guillotine, d'Herbois administered the execution of more than 2.000 people in the city of Lyon during the Reign of Terror; Lazare Carnot (1753-1823); Pierre-Louis Prieur (1756-1827), known as Prieur de la Marne, and Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (1742-1810). The four members of the Committee of Public Safety sign at the base of the document approving the proposal received from the Commission of Arms and Powder, recommending to send rifles to the Navy troops in Brest and Rochefort. Small overall age wear, with upper and right edges slightly trimmed, and a very small tear to the upper border, none affecting the signatures. G

[BURNED VILLAGES]: JOURDAN JEAN BAPTISTE (1762-1833) Marshal of France. An excellent A.L.S., Jourdan, one page, 4to, Headquarters of Siegberg, 21st October 1795, to General Lefebvre, in French. With his hand written heading of the Sambre et Meuse Army, Jourdan states `Having the inhabitants of the Welscheydt village shoot yesterday at our Republic troops, with the result of a Captain injured, a caporal killed and several soldiers injured too, we order General Lefebvre to send during the day two hundred infantry soldiers who will burn the mentioned village of Walscheydt. The General will warn the surrounding villages inhabitants that Walscheydt has been burned because their people shot at the Republic troops..´ With lower border trimmed and right edges slightly trimmed. With blank integral leaf bearing an ink stamp. Together with A.L.S., by a soldier, three pages, 4to, Vermigny, 9th March 1794, addressed to his father, a winegrower, in French. The soldier states in part `..we have been marching in the heavy snows of Maurienne because we are quartered in a village, which we already burned last year, called Vermigny..´ Also including a one page print, folio, issued at Pirmasens, Germany, 26th July 1794, in French and German. The text by Henz, Representative of the People of the Rhin army refers to the village of Couselle and states in part `..Having shown that they are the enemies of the republic and the devoted friend of their enemies, and specially of the Prussians, the village will be burned.´ The General of the Moselle army is requested to execute immediately the order. G, 3 The village of Walscheid (Moselle) was rebuilt and at today´s date has over 1600 inhabitants. The Vermigny and Couselle villages were fully destroyed and razed during the revolution, and no further testimonies have been found.

TAPONIER ALEXANDRE CAMILLE: (1749-1831) French General. At the Storming of the Bastille, Taponier was Sergeant and he leaded the assault to the prison. A.L.S., `Taponier´, one page, folio, Luxembourg, 29thth July 1800, to General Dessolles, in French. The partially printed document of the Army of the Rhin shows an attractive French Revolution vignette at the heading. Taponier requests further information regarding his future post and duties, and reports `General Chateauneuf-Randon, during a meeting we had, proposed to me the commandment of Metz city..´. Signed at the base by Taponier in his capacity as General of division. The document bears to the bottom right corner a Crawford collection stamp. Small overall age wear and creasing to the edges, folded, otherwise G

JOURDAN JEAN BAPTISTE: (1762-1833) Marshal of France. An interesting D.S., Jourdan, four pages, folio, Niederbach, 12th October 1795. The document bears the heading of the Sambre and Meuse army. Jourdan states `..we have not been able to contact the Rhin and Moselle army on the left shore, and we found on the right flank an important enemy garrison stopping part of the Sambre and Meuse army..´ further saying `..in order to safeguard our army, and to look for the right occasion to fight the enemy advantageously…today at 7h in the evening, the troops will take the arms in silence after having lightened fires all along the outposts..´ Jourdan explains the troops movements plans including the regiments leaded by Lefebvre, Harville, and many other generals and refers specifically to General Kleber troops saying `..they will cross the Rhin using boats situated near Mayence. If General Kleiber considers that the whole division can cross the Rhin without risks he will do so, and will try to do same at St-Goard using all means he may found between Mayence and Koblenz.´ A good military content letter. Folded. Small overall, minor age wear with small tear to the centre fold, otherwise G

[NAPOLEON – CORFU]: GENTILI ANTOINE (1751-1798) French-Corsican General who sided the French Republic. Governor of Corsica. He was defeated and surrendered to the British after their invasion of Corsica in 1794, but leaded the capture back of Corsica in 1796. A very interesting autograph letter addressed to the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, A.L., eight pages, folio, Head-Quarters of Corfu, 2nd July 1797, to Napoleon Bonaparte as Chief General of the Army of Italy, in French. The letter bears the printed heading of “A. Gentili, General of division and Commandant of the Army of Levant of the Army of Italy”. Gentili informs Napoleon that he has reached the port of Corfu, stating in part `Je m’étais fait précéder par les Citoyens d’Arbois, faisant fonction de chef de l’Etat-major, Arnaut et Brice, les Commissaires des Guerres que j’avais chargé de mes ordres pour reconnaitre les dispositions du Gouvernement et du peuple à notre égard et faire les préparatifs nécessaires pour l’établissement des troupes… dans les forteresses, et je me suis emparé de tous les magasins de Marine, d’Artillerie et du Génie, dont j’ai ordonné que l’on fit de suite l’inventaire…´ (Transcription: “I had been preceded by the Citizens d´Arbois, acting as Chief of the Head-Quarters, Arnaut and Brice, the War Commissioners whom I had charged with my orders to acknowledge the dispositions of the Government and the people to our regard and make the necessary preparations for the establishment of the troops... in the fortresses, and I seized all the stores of Navy, Artillery and Engineers, and I ordered to make immediately the inventories…”) Gentili lists the firearms, the 369 bronze and iron cannons, the 20 bronze howitzers and 121 bronze and iron swivels and mortars, not counting the ammunition and powder requisitioned. He further comments the military defence situation and refers to the Venice government, saying `La place de Corfou est très forte par sa situation; et les ouvrages que l’art y a ajouté la rendraient inexpugnable s’ils étaient réparés et entretenus; mais l’extrême négligence de l’ancien gouvernement vénitien laissait tomber en ruine ce boulevard de l’état…´ (Translation: “The position of Corfu is very strong because of its situation; and the works that art has added to it would make it impregnable if they were repaired and maintained; but the extreme negligence of the old Venetian government allowed this boulevard of the state to fall into ruin….”) Gentili further explains with enthusiasm how much the three thousand Italians and the seventy thousand Greeks people on the Island value their freedom and how much they admire our republic, and that they consider the French troops as their liberators, stating in part `On professe ici une admiration pour les Français qui va jusqu’à l’enthousiasme. Les Grecs sont en général beaucoup plus éclairés qu’on ne le suppose ordinairement et le souvenir de leurs origines n’est point éteint dans leurs âmes. Ils regrettent d’avoir vécu jusqu’alors pour le bénéfice d’une dure et plate aristocratie, qui, négligeant tous les objets d’un intérêt public, sans vertus comme sans lumières, s’opposait aux progrès de l’industrie, du commerce et de la raison humaine…´ (Translation: “Here they profess an admiration for the French that goes as far as enthusiasm. The Greeks are in general much more enlightened than is commonly supposed and the memory of their origins is not extinguished in their souls. They regret having lived until now for the benefit of a harsh aristocracy, which, neglecting all objects of public interest, without virtues or without enlightenment, opposed the progress of industry, of commerce and human reason…”) In this lengthy letter, Gentili further reports on the military and administrative changes required, and indicates what he would keep under the naval point of view, saying `Je prendrais donc le parti de conserver seulement un vaisseau vénitien de 74 canons, une frégate vénitienne et la frégate française ‘La Sensible’ avec quelques bâtiments de transport, le tout commandé par le capitaine Bourdé…´ (Translation: “I would therefore opt to keep only a Venetian ship of 74 guns, a Venetian frigate and the French frigate ‘La Sensible’ with a few transport vessels, all commanded by Captain Bourdé…”) Gentili before concluding explains that he has informed the Ambassador in Constantinople of the situation in Corfu and the inexact number and condition of the Venetian troops under his control, and refers to the excellent work done by d´Arbois who was at the head of the avant-garde capture of Corfu. Small overall age wear with a small stain and hole to the upper edge, not affecting the text. From 1386 to 1797, Corfu was ruled by Venetian nobility; much of the city reflects this era when the island belonged to the Republic of Venice, with multi-storeyed buildings on narrow lanes. The Old Town of Corfu has clear Venetian influence and is amongst the World Heritage Sites in Greece. It was in the Venetian period that the city saw the erection of the first opera house in Greece.By the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio, Corfu was ceded to the French, who occupied it for two years, the time of the present letter. Until they were expelled by a joint Russian-Ottoman squadron. For a short time it became the capital of a self-governing federation. In 1807 after the Treaty of Tilsit its faction-ridden government was again replaced by a French administration, and in 1809 it was besieged in vain by a British Royal Navy fleet, which had captured all the other Ionian islands.Following the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo, the Ionian Islands became a protectorate of the United Kingdom by the Treaty of Paris of 5th November 1815. Guillaume-François-Joseph Bourdé de La Villehuet (1763-1851) Capitain of vessel in 1798 and future Vice Amiral. He participated in the Egypt campaign. Joseph-Louis d´Arbois de Jubainville (1764-1803) French Officer, appointed General in 1802. He was a member of the St.Domingue expedition. Arrested by the British and mistreated, he died of yellow fever at the early age of 39.

EGYPT CAPITULATION – DAMAS FRANÇOIS-ETIENNE: François-Etienne Damas (1764-1828) French General who joined the National Guard on 14th July 1789. He was appointed Chief of Head Quarters under Kleber and was noted for his conduct at the assault on Alexandria and during the French invasion of Egypt. Damas, appointed General, commanded troops in Egypt after Kleber´s death. On his return from Egypt, Damas was disgraced by Napoleon. Marshal Murat, as Grand Duke of Berg, would later appoint him as his Secretary of State and military Commander. Damas fought in the French invasion of Russia, distinguishing himself at the battle of Berezina. The restored King Louis XVIII appointed him Commander of the Garde Royale of Paris. An extremely interesting and historic L.S., `Damas´, three pages, folio, Cairo, Egypt, 18th March 1800, addressed to the “Soldiers of the Army”, in French. The letter bears the printed heading of the General Kleber, Head-Quarters of Cairo, with the motto and a vignette of the French Republic. The letter forwards to all French soldiers in Egypt the message received from the Commander of the English fleet, stating `Soldats, Voici la lettre qui vient de m´être adréssée par le Commandant en chef de la flotte anglaise dans la Méditerrannée, à bord du Vaisseau de S.M.B. La Reine Charlotte, le 8 Janvier 1800´ (Translation: “Soldiers, Here is the letter which has just been sent to me by the Commander-in-Chief of the English fleet in the Mediterranean, aboard the S.M.B. Queen Charlotte, January 8, 1800”) Further the letter lists all the conditions that the King of Great Britain establishes before accepting the French surrender, stating in part `Je vous préviens que j´ai reçu des ordres de Sa Majesté de ne consentir à aucune Capitulation avec l´Armée française que vous commandez en Egypte et en Syrie, à moins qu´elle ne mette bas les armes, qu´elle ne se rende prisonnière de guerre, n´abandonne tous les Vaisseaux et toutes les munitions… qu´en cas de Capitulation, je ne dois permettre à aucune troupe de retourner en France avant qu´elle n´ait été échangée… enfin, que les bâtiments qui seront rencontrés retournant en Europe avec des passeports accordés en consequence d´une Capitulation particulière avec une des puissances alliées, seront retenus comme prises, et tous les individus à bord considérés comme prisonniers de guerre´ (Translation: “I warn you that I have received orders from His Majesty not to consent to any Capitulation with the French Army that you command in Egypt and Syria, unless the French Army lays down its arms, unless the French Army surrenders, unless they abandon all ships and all ammunition... that in the event of Capitulation, I must not allow any troops to return to France before they have been exchanged... finally, that the vessels which will be encountered returning to Europe with passports granted as a result of a particular Surrender with one of the Allied Powers, will be retained as prisoners, and all individuals on board considered prisoners of war”) The copied message of the British fleet Commander is signed by a clerk “Keith”, same happens with Kleber´s signature beneath a harangue to French soldiers, saying `Soldats, nous saurons répondre à une telle insolence par des victoires, préparez-vous à combattre´ (Translation: “Soldiers, we will know how to respond to such insolence, with victories, be ready for the fight”) Signed at the conclusion by Damas in his capacity as “Le Chef de l´Etat Major Général”. Two days after the present letter was written, Kléber defeated the Mamlukes at the Battle of Heliopolis on 20th March 1800, but after this last victory the Anglo-Ottomans commenced their land offensive. The French were defeated by the British in the Battle of Alexandria on March 21st, surrendered at Fort Julien in April and finally Cairo fell on 27th June. Overall minor age wear and small creasing, mostly to edges. With some very small warm holes. G Jean-Baptiste Kleber (1753-1800) French General during the French Revolutionary wars. Kleber was also a trained architect. Best remembered for suppressing the Vendée Revolt. He accompanied Napoleon in the Egyptian Campaign. When Napoleon appointed Kleber as Commander of the French forces he was assassinated in Cairo on 14th June 1800, only three months after the present letter was issued. Lord Keith (1746-1823) George Keith Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith. British naval officer during the Napoleonic Wars. On 30th August 1801 the French General Menou offered to surrender and proposed terms, which were considered, partly accepted and in many details amended, by the British Admiral Lord Keith and General John Hely-Hutchinson. Under Article 16 of the capitulation "the Arabian manuscripts, the statues, and the other collections which have been made for the French Republic, shall be considered as public property, and subject to the disposal of the generals of the combined army." This led to the transfer to British possession of the Rosetta Stone.

MONTBRUN DE POMAREDE HUGUES: (1756-1831) French General. Governor of the West province of the island, he was one of the very first mulatto chiefs of the revolt, when he leaded the legion named “Egalité”, comprising mulatto and black soldiers. A.L.S., `Montbrun´, one page, folio, Bordeaux, 2nd March 1804, on his own attractive military printed stationery showing his rank and name, to Bradshaw, in French. Montbrun, in his capacity as army Commander in the city of Bordeaux gives an order, stating `..you will leave Bordeaux immediately and you will reside at 10 leagues of the city at least, and same distance from any coast or boundary, and more than 30 leagues from Paris..´ further saying that he will have to report on his exact residence in order to be supervised. The present letter is related to the French-British conflict after the peace of Amiens failure. Folded. VG

[PRIZE OF WAR] : An interesting manuscript document, six pages, folio, Burgos, Spain, 11th August 1808, addressed to Marshal Bessieres, in French. The document comprises four pages listing the silverware units taken from the belongings of the chiefs of the insurgents as prize of war. The introductory letter signed states `J´ai l´honneur de rendre compte à Votre Excellence par les états ci-joints, de l´opération relative aux prises faites à Palencia sur les chefs des insurgés…´ (Translation: `I have the honor to report to Your Excellency through the attached statements, the operation relating to the captures made in Palencia of the leaders of the insurgents´) The pages describing the silverware are divided in three groups, `Argenterie d´Eglise – Argenterie de tables – Argenterie à l´usage de la chambre´ (Translation `Church silverware – Table silverware – Room silverware´), the lists including multiple items such as `Un calice doré – un tableau représentant la vierge – un bénitier…. Deux soupières, elles sont à double fond et ont des couvercles, 25 plats d´argent, 148 couteaux à manche d´argent… une montre d´argent, 11 paires de boucles d´oreilles, 2 crachoirs…´ (Translation: `A golden chalice – a painting representing the virgin – a holy water font…. Two soup tureens, they have double base and have lids, 25 silver dishes, 148 silver-handled knives... a silver watch, 11 pairs of earrings, 2 spittoons…´) An interesting and cleanly written document showing the reported prize of war during the Peninsular wars. Signed by Martial Daru (1774-1827) Quartermaster of the Imperial Guards in Spain. Very small minor age wear with uneven left edge as a result of its former light binding. G to VG Jean-Baptiste Bessieres (1768-1813) Marshal of France, Duc d´Istria. Killed in the battle field in Rippach, the day before the battle of Lutzen.With the outbreak of the Peninsular War in 1808, the year of the present document, Bessières had his first opportunity at independent command. He did well against the Spanish, scoring a crushing victory in the Battle of Medina del Rio Seco, but apparently proved slow and hesitant in command of a large force. Bessieres was thus soon recalled to lead the Guard Cavalry during Napoleon's invasion of Spain.

PONIATOWSKI JOZEF: (1763-1813) Polish General, Minister of War and Army Chief. Marshal of the Empire. An excellent D.S., `Joseph Prince Poniatowski´, one page, large folio, 11.5 x 18.5 (29.5cm x 46cm), Warsaw, 1th August 1808, in Polish. Poniatowski, in his capacity as Minister of war, appoints an infantry officer. The partially printed document bears a large printed coat of arms to the heading, with the printed text heading “Frederick August – By God´s grace, King of Saxony, Duchy and Warsaw, etc.. – Polish Army – Duchy of Warsaw”. The title appoints Tadeusz Wolinski as Major of the First Infantry regiment. Signed by Poniatowski at the base, the first two words with light ink. Overall age wear and foxing, although fully legible. Professionally repaired to the verso to edges. About G

MOTZ KARL HEINRICH VON: (1741-1823) Westphalian General, Seigneur Commandant of the Saale department. Motz served Napoleon´s cause. A good L.S., `Charles de Motz´, three pages, folio, Magdeburg, 18th August 1809, to General Michaud, Governor of Magdeburg, in French. The letter bears at the heading a printed coat of arms and the title Kingdom of Westphalia. Motz refers to the bands which have been created with soldiers leaving the Oels corps, stating `..these soldiers are running through the department, and we are all concerned about public security..´ Motz requests 50 cavalry soldiers to help to expel these foreigner soldiers joining the bands, and explains he doesn´t have enough military strength and troops to control this situation with wounded soldiers leaving the hospital once recovered to join the bands. The letter bears an attractive watermark. With addressee to the fourth page, bearing a good red wax seal of the Kingdom of Westphalia. Small area of paper loss to the fourth page, not affecting the text or signature. Folded. G The bands Motz refer to were formed with the remaining troops, abandoned soldiers or wounded or in hospitals, shortly after their defeat in the Wagram battle.

SIMON EDOUARD-FRANÇOIS: (1769-1827) French General. L.S., `E.F. Simon´, two pages, during the besiege of Almeida, folio, 19th August 1810, to a General, in French. Simon refers to the assassination of a sutler in his own camp, and states in part `I have ordered to arrest Salano, and few other persons who were eating yesterday at the canteen when the crime took place. I have also instructed to proceed with the burial. It is evident that he was killed only with the purpose of robbing him…will announce a reward in order to discover the murderers..´ Folded. With age wear to the borders. G The besiege of the city of Almeida by the French army was leaded by Marshal Ney from 25th July to 27th August 1810, and concluded with the surrender of the English-Spanish troops.

FONTANES LOUIS DE: (1757-1821) French Poet and Politician. President of the Legislative Chamber 1804-10. An excellent and very good content letter addressed to Napoleon Bonaparte, L.S., `Le très humble et très obeissant serviteur et sujet Fontanes´, three pages, folio, n.p., n.d. [circa 1807-1810], to the Emperor Napoleon, in French. Fontanes thanks Napoleon Bonaparte for his wish of renewing his appointment as President of the legislative Chamber, and states in part `Je viens de recevoir le message qui ordonne la nomination des candidats à la présidence du Corps Législatif. Retenu chez moi par un grand mal aux yeux, je n´ai pu avoir l´honneur, depuis quince jours, de me présenter à l´audience de Votre Majesté… je ne puis plus être candidat à la présidence pour l´année prochaine, je l´ai été trois fois, et dans un corps Populaire où j´avais à combattre bien des intrigues et plus d´une prevention!...´ (Translation: “I have just received the message which orders the nomination of candidates for the presidency of the Legislative Chamber. Kept at home by a big sore eye, I have not been able to have the honour, for two weeks, of appearing at Your Majesty's audience... I can no longer be a candidate for president for next year, I was three times, and in a Popular Chamber where I had to fight many intrigues and more than one prevention!...”) Before concluding Fontanes takes the risk to send a request to the Emperor, saying `…s´ajoute que je n´avais d´autre fortune que celle de ma femme, et que cette fortune a Presque entièrement péri dans la revolution. Je rougis d´entretenir Votre Majesté de ces details, mais j´ai lu que César et Alexandre daignaient quelque fois s´informer des affaires domestiques de leurs serviteurs s´ils étaient dévoués et fidèles. Vous ressemblez en tout a vos modèles et par la grandeur et par la bonté…´ (Translation” …to add that I had no other fortune than the one of my wife, and that this fortune almost entirely perished in the revolution. I blush to talk to Your Majesty about these details, but I have read that Caesar and Alexandre sometimes deigned to inquire about the domestic affairs of their servants if they were devoted and faithful. You resemble your models in everything, both in greatness and in goodness...”) Professionally repaired to the spine. Very small overall minor age wear, otherwise G Napoleon commissioned Fontanes to write an Eloge on George Washington.

MURAT JOACHIM: (1767-1815) Marshal of France, brother-in-law of Napoleon Bonaparte. King of Naples 1808-15. D.S., `J. Napoleon´, with flourish, one page, folio, Naples, 24th August 1810, in Italian. The partially printed document bears the printed heading ''Gioacchino Napoleone - Re delle Due Sicilie'' and is a decree comprising three articles, the first relating to the municipality of Lioni, near Avelino, stating `La rendita del Comune di Lioni son fissate per l´anno amministrativo a tutto Dicembre 1810...´ (Translation ''The income of the Municipality of Lioni is set for the administrative year at the end of December 1810…”) The second, also relates to the taxes and how the advanced amounts will be applied, and the third decree charges the Minister of the Interior to execute the decrees approved by the King. Paper with watermark. With blank integral leaf. Small overall minor age wear, mostly to right edge, otherwise about VG

AUGEREAU CHARLES PIERRE FRANÇOIS: (1757-1816) Marshal of France, Duc de Castiglione. L.S., `Augereau – Duc de Castiglione´, a large and bold ink signature, one page, folio, Villefranche headquarters, 18th March 1814, to Chief of Battalion Pinchinat, in French. Augereau, in his capacity as Marshal of the Empire and Chief Commandant of the Lyon army appoints Pinchinat as Commandant of the Villefranche headquarters, stating in part `En vertu des pouvoirs qui nous sont donnés par sa Majesté l´Empereur & Roi, et sur le compte avantageux qui nous a été rendu des talents, de la bonne conduit et de la bravoure de Mr. Pinchinat, Chef de Bataillon, l´avons nommé et le nommons provisoirement et sauf l´approbation definitive de S.E. Le Ministre de la guerre, Commandant du quartier Général de l´armée…´ (Translation: “By virtue of the powers given to us by His Majesty the Emperor & King, and on the advantageous account given to us of the talents, good conduct and bravery of Mr. Pinchinat, Battalion Commander, we have appointed and we appoint him provisionally and subject to the final approval of H.E. The Minister of War, Commander of the General Headquarters of the army…”) Paper with circular watermark. Overall light foxing and minor age wear, with a very small tear to the fold of the left edge. G

KELLERMANN FRANÇOIS CHRISTOPHE: (1735-1820) Marshal of France, Duc de Valmy. L.S., `Kellermann Duc de Valmy´, one page, folio, Paris, 19th October 1814, in French. The letter issued from the Minister of war, is an approved copy of a document related to the behaviour of the Colonel of the 3rd Swiss Regiment during the siege of Landau `…des discussions se sont élevées entre Mr. le Colonel Demay du troisieme Régiment Suissse et des officiers de son corps, et qu´on inculpe le premier dans la conduite qu´il a tenue pendant le blocus de Landau...´ (“..discussions have arisen between Mr. Colonel Demay of the Third Swiss Regiment and officers of his corps, and that the former is inculpated because of the conduct he held during the blockade of Landau..”) Small overall minor age wear, with very slightly irregular left edge, otherwise G

NAPOLEON I: (1769-1821) Emperor of France 1804-14, 1815. An extremely rare Letter, bearing six autograph lines in the hand of Napoleon at the conclusion, four pages, folio, n.p., n.d., in French. Napoleon. The document, being a decree, and stating at the heading `Napoleon, Empereur des Français, Roi d´Italie, décrète´ (Translation: “Napoleon, Emperor of the French, King of Italie, decrees”), lists fourty-one Imperial Guard officers´ names, with their ranks, their new rank appointment and the location they have been assigned to, Lille, Metz, Grenoble, Versailles, etc… The last three lines of the document are boldly crossed by Napoleon with a bold black ink line, disagreeing with its content which was `Tous ces officiers seront envoyés en France pour être employés à l´instruction des conscrits de l´an 1808 et répartis dans les cinq divisions´ (Translation “All these officers will be sent to France to be employed in the instruction of the conscripts of the year 1808 and distributed among the five divisions”), and instead Napoleon orders, and annotates at the base in very bold black ink `Diviser tout cela en 5. Les 1ers pour la première légion se rendront à Lille – Les 2º à Metz – Les 3º à Versaille – Les 4º à Rennes – Les 5º à Grenoble´ (Translation: “Divide all this in 5 parts. The first for the first legion will be sent to Lille – The second to Metz – The third to Versailles, The fourth to Rennes and the fifth to Grenoble”) Small overall age wear and creasing, mostly to edges, with few minor tears to the bottom edge, none affecting Napoleon´s annotations. G

ISABELLA I: (1451-1504) Isabella the Catholic. Queen of Castile 1474-1504 and Queen consort of Aragon 1479-1504 as the wife of King Ferdinand II of Aragon. A fine D.S., yo la Reyna, one page, folio, 17th May 1501, in Spanish. The boldly penned manuscript document is an order by the Queen for her chamberlain, Sancho de Paredes, to pay the sum of 530 maravedis, or two florins, to the silversmith Anton de Carrion for the work that he has undertaken on a mirror. With a receipt from the silversmith and a summary of the document at the foot. Two very neat slits to the centre of the document, only very slightly affecting the text and signature, and with some very slight, minor traces of former mounting to the upper edge of the verso. VG

GERMAINE OF FOIX: (c.1488-1536) French noblewoman, who, by her marriage to King Ferdinand II of Aragon, was Queen of Aragon, Majorca, Naples, Sardinia, Sicily, and Valencia and Princess of Catalonia (1506-16) and Queen of Navarre (1512-16). A rare L.S., la Reyna, one page, folio, Valladolid, 31st August 1514. The letter gives instructions to Pedro Celdran, secretary to the first council, to release to Joan de la Carra certain documents covering an eight month period, during which they have been absent from the court, in part, ‘Nos vos mandamos que deys y libreis a Joan de la Carra, n[uest]ro Valestero (sic) de Maça, los albaranes de su quintano (?) ordinario desde el primero día del mes de enero más cerca passado (sic) del año pre[sen]te de mil quinie[n]tos y quatorze, fasta[e]l postrero de agosto del dicho año; que son ocho meses, no embargante que haya estado absente de la Corte todo el t[iem]po de los dichos ocho meses. Faciéndole cuenta complidame[n]te como si en todos ellos hoviesse estado presente, e no fagais lo contrario que assí (sic) proçede de n[uest]ra voluntad….’. Countersigned by the secretary Aninyo. Some light age wear to the edges and with one small hole to the centre, VG

PHILIP II: (1527-1598) King of Spain 1556-98. During his marriage to Queen Mary I of England, he was King of England and Ireland 1554-58. Rare L.S., `Philippe´, one page, folio, Madrid, 17th November 1588, to the `Duke of Parma, Governor and captain General´, in old Spanish. The King sends a friendly letter to his nephew, unusually signing it with his surname, and not in the official way “Yo el Rey” (“I the King”), and instructs him also asking for his correspondent´s advice, stating `Mon bon neveu, je suis averti par lettres du Conte de Champlitte qu'il vous a envoyé ce qu'il a besogné avec le Président et Baron de la Villeneuve, touchant le civilège de Besançon, et d'autant que ce fait est de grand poids, je vous ordonne que (ouïs ceux que vous trouverez convenir) me réservez de votre avis, et ce au plus tôt que faire pourrez pour l'importance, et hâte qu'il y a A tant mon bon neveu notre Seigneur vous ait en sa sainte garde…´ (Translation: “My good nephew, I am informed by letters from the Count of Champlitte that he sent you what he worked and agreed with the President and Baron de la Villeneuve, concerning the civilege of Besançon, and all the more so as this fact is of great importance, I command you to (listen to those you find convenient) reserve your opinion to me, and this as soon as possible to do for the importance, and haste that there is so much my good nephew, our Lord has in you his holy guard…”) Showing a large and attractive countersignature at the base. With address leaf, saying “A mon bon neveu le duc de Parme et de Plaisance chevalier de mon ordre, lieutenant gouverneur et capitaine général de nos pays d'Ambaize et de Bourgogne”, also bearing a paper seal affixed, showing the text “En ce du civilège à Besançon”. Small overall age wear, and small creasing to borders. G to VG