We found 86094 price guide item(s) matching your search

WELLINGTON DUKE OF: (1769-1852) Anglo-Irish Field Marshal, the Victor of Waterloo, 1815. British Prime Minister 1828-30, 1834. A good L.S., Wellington, four pages, folio, Villatoro, 2nd October 1812, to Sir Home Popham. Wellington states that he has received his correspondent's letter and conversed with the messenger regarding his plans and their execution, remarking 'The great object for me is that you should draw the attention of the enemy by your operations from those which we are carrying on this side; & that you should prevent Caffarelli from detaching Troops to aid Marmont's Army. It would be desirable, for many reasons, that you should get possession of Santona & also of Guataria; but I confess that I entertain so bad an opinion of the Spanish Troops that I don't think you can rely upon them; & the body of Marines which you have with you is not sufficiently large to do much by themselves, or to be a very efficient example to the Spanish troops'. Wellington also writes of his own military activities, 'I am very much afraid that I shall not take this Castle. It is very strong, well garrisoned and well provided with artillery. I had only three pieces of cannon of which one was destroyed last night; & not much ammunition, and I have not been able to get on as I ought. I have however got a mine under one of the works, which I hope will enable me to carry the exterior line; and when that is carried, I hope I shall get on better. But time is wearing apace, and Soult is moving from the South; and I should not be surprised if I were obliged to discontinue this operation to collect the Army' and further reflects 'It is unfortunate that you should have plenty of cannon & ammunition, but that you want good soldiers, & I no want of the latter, but very little of the former. The means of transport, however, required to move a train from the coast or from Madrid where we have plenty, are so extensive, that the attempt would be impracticable'. A letter of good military content. Some very light age wear and extremely minor damp staining to the margins, only very slightly affecting a few words of text and not the signature. GHome Riggs Popham (1762-1820) British Rear Admiral who saw service in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.Marie-Francois Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga (1766-1849) French General who served as aide-de-camp to Napoleon Bonaparte.Auguste de Marmont (1774-1852) French General, Marshal of the Empire.Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1769-1851) French General, Marshal of the Empire.

CHARLES V: (1500-1558) Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56, and King Charles I of Spain 1516-56. Grandson of the Catholic Kings, Ferdinand & Isabella. He brought together such extensive territories in western, central and southern Europe, and the Spanish colonies in America and Asia. So large were his domains that they were described as 'The Empire on which the sun never sets'. A good L.S., `Yo el Rey´, one page, folio, Valladolid, 26th January 1518, to `Holy Father´, in old Castilian. Writing in his capacity as King Charles I of Spain, the King orders the payment of salaries dues, `sueldos barceloneses´, and refers to the reports issued by the court clerk of the Royal house. Paper with attractive watermark, showing a hand pointing the sun. With countersignature. Large water stain to the right border only very slightly affecting the flourish of the signature and areas of paper loss to the upper right corner. Very small hole to the centre fold, with overall age wear. F to GTwo months before the present letter was signed, Charles V entered triumphantly in Valladolid on 8th November 1517. Due to the irregularity of Charles assuming the Royal title while his mother, the legitimate Queen, was alive, the negotiations with the Castilian Cortes in Valladolid in 1518 proved difficult. In the end Charles was accepted under the following conditions: he would learn to speak Castilian; he would not appoint foreigners; he was prohibited from taking precious metals from Castile; and he would respect the rights of his mother, Queen Joanna. The Cortes finally paid homage to him in Valladolid in February 1518, becoming officially King Charles V of Spain, only few weeks after he signed the present letter.

BRANDT WILLY: (1913-1992) German Statesman. Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany 1969-74 and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD 1964-87. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971. A bold black ink clean large signature to the upper part of a 9.5 x 13.5 large beige folio. Also dated 13th October 1985 in Brandt´s hand. VG

CASTLEREAGH VISCOUNT: (1769-1822) Anglo-Irish Statesman, Foreign Secretary 1812-22 and a central figure in the coalition which defeated Napoleon. Selection of three Ls.S., Castlereagh, eight pages (total), folio, Downing Street, London, September 1805 - May 1807, to James Matra (2) and James Green (1), His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier. Castlereagh writes a series of diplomatic letters making several references to Lord Nelson and states, in part - 'His Majesty's Ministers have judged it expedient in the present state of affairs to take the opportunity of Lord Nelson's return to resume the Command of the Fleet in the Mediterranean, to send a Present to The Emperor of Morocco, for the purpose of marking the just sense entertained by The King of the readiness shewn on all occasions by His Imperial Majesty to supply the wants of the British Ships and of the Garrison of Gibraltar. The Articles composing the Present…..will be forwarded to you by Lord Nelson, with a Letter from The King……and you will avail yourself of the earliest opportunity to offer them to The Emperor with suitable observations upon the mutual interests of The King……I need not make any observation to impress upon your mind the extreme importance of cherishing at all times, but particularly in the present conjuncture, the amicable dispositions of The Emperor…..or the necessity of your communicating to Lord Nelson…..by the quickest possible means all the intelligence which you may be able to procure of the designs and movements of the enemy' (14th September 1805)'I have the honor to transmit to you The King's letter (no longer present) to the Emperor of Morocco, to be by you presented to His Imperial Majesty with the Presents which you will at the same time receive from Vice Admiral Lord Visct. Nelson' (October 1805)'…..in consequence of the hostilities commenced by the Ottoman Porte against His Majesty's Forces His Majesty has been obliged reluctantly to issue…..(a)…..order that it is His Majesty's wish to use every means in his power to withdraw the Ottoman Porte from subjection to French Influence…..It is with similar views His Majesty has directed Alexandria to be taken possession of by the Troops, lest the French, taking advantage of present circumstances, might throw again a force into that Country with a view to conquest……You will take the best opportunity in your power for explaining these circumstances to the Government to which you are accredited……Lord Collingwood has received directions to keep as frequent a Communication with you as possible, and you will use every exertion and address in your power…..with the Vice Admiral's suggestion to counteract the Design of the French and promote His Majesty's Interests' (16th May 1807; with a contemporary manuscript copy of His Majesty's Order affixed). An interesting group of letters, not least for their references to Lord Nelson. Some light overall age wear, most noticeable to the October 1805 letter which also has some dust staining and small tears to the edges, G to about VG, 3

WILKES JOHN: (1725-1797) British Radical, Journalist & Politician, a supporter of the American Rebels during the American War of Independence. Lord Mayor of London 1774-75. D.S., John Wilkes, Mayor, one page, folio, Guildhall, London, 18th July 1775. Wilkes has signed the document at the foot in his capacity as witness to a manuscript document signed by Nicholas William Lewis of Lombard Street, London, stating, in part, 'Nicholas William Lewis…..maketh Oath that he this Deponent and John Paul Berthon…..aforesaid this Deponent's Clerk were present and as Witnesses did see John Willett of Broad Street…..and Charles Turner of Wimpole Street near Cavendish Square…..the partys named in the Deed pole or power of Attorney…..bearing Date the Thirtieth Day of June in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy Five severally Sign Seal and as their respective Acts and Deeds deliver…..the words “Or his Absence from the said Island of Tobago as aforesaid”, being first interlined between the Words “Mason” and “And” in the third line from the Bottom of the said Deed Poll…..' With blank integral leaf and two blind embossed revenue stamps to the upper margin. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

MUBARAK HOSNI: (1928-2020) Fourth President of Egypt 1981-2011. Egyptian Military Air Force Commander and Politician who succeeded President Anwar Sadat after his assassination. L.S., signed by President Mubarak in Arabic, one page, large folio, Republic Palace at Cairo, 1st day of Muharam 1410, 10th August 1989, to President of Bolivia Jaime Paz Zamora, in Arabic. The carefully written document bearing to the heading the Egyptian coat of arms embossed seal refers to the appointment of a new Ambassador, and states in part `In the name of god, the Merciful… Muhammad Hosni Mubarak, President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, to His Highness Doctor Jaime Paz Zamora, President of Bolivia… Our Ambassador has been appointed to a new task as plenipotentiary and extraordinary Ambassador. I am very satisfied with the work achieved…´ The document bears at the base the countersignatures of Zakaria Azmi, Chief of the President´s cabinet, and by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, alongside a blind embossed seal. With blank integral leaf. Two binding holes to the left border. VGJaime Paz Zamora (1939- ) President of Bolivia 1989-93.

ABU-GHAZALA ABD AL-HALIM: (1930-2008) Egyptian Defense Minister 1981-89 and Commander in Chief of the Egyptian army forces. Abu-Ghazala was seated alongside President Anwar Sadat when he was assassinated. A cleanly written L.S., signed by Abu-Ghazala in Arabic, one page, folio, July 1983, in Arabic. The untranslated letter is signed in bold blue ink by Abu-Ghazala in his capacity as representative of the Egyptian government. VG

THIEBAULT PAUL CHARLES: (1769-1846) French General during the Napoleonic wars. A good and very interesting content manuscript by Thiebault, eight pages, folio, Salamanque, September & October 1811, in French. Thiebault, with a clean and small writing, makes a lengthy report related to the second supplying for Rodrigo, a crucial military location near Salamanque, in Spain, stating in part `We have seen how the first supplying to Rodrigo was executed, and that two entire armies were considered sufficient to grant the achievement…´, he further expresses very critical comments on General Dorsenne´s behaviour, and referring to his impartiality says `General Dorsenne was not impartial with me. He treated me with a lot of respect, but he did not like me…´ Further again Thiebault explains with detail all the stratagems he had to conceive in order to keep the convoy secret, explaining the fake informations he made circulate. An interesting and curious report, also valuing the consequences in case the expedition fails.  Thiebault also refers to the enemy, and on few occasions to the Duke of Wellington, `…troops that the Duke of Wellington will send there….I was sure the this new would immediately be transmitted to the Duke of Wellington..´ With trimmed edges and small overall minor age wear, otherwise G In May 1810 Thiebaut was made Governor of Salamanca, and in 1811 of Old-Castille. Thiebault backed Napoleon during the Hundred Days and was put in command of the defence of Paris. Thiebault wrote during his military career a number of histories and memoirs, the last of which were published in 1895 and translated into English. His memoirs have been since a useful and detailed source for the history of the First French Empire.Thiébault married Betsy Walker the daughter of Scottish novelist Lady Mary Hamilton. Their son Adolphe gathered the family´s papers, today available at Yale University.

HERGÉ: (1907-1983) Georges Prosper Remi. Belgian Cartoonist. Best known for creating the series of comics “The Adventures of Tintin”. An excellent T.L.S., `Hergé´, one page, folio, Bruxelles, 27th October 1976, on the Studios Hergé attractive printed stationery, to Monsieur J.R. Paques, in French. The letter bears at the heading the black embossed letters of “Studios Hergé”.Hergé thanks his correspondent for his letter and congratulations related to the Tintin journal and the film `Moi, Tintin´, (“I, Tintin”), 1976. The sheet bears the attractive “La Hulpe” lion watermark. Accompanied by the original printed stationery envelope, bearing a printed sketch of Tintin and his dog Milou. EX

MARTI JOSE & ESTRADA PALMA TOMAS: José Marti (1853-1895) Cuban Poet, Writer and Revolutionary Philosopher. Martí is considered a national hero as well as a leading figure in Latin American literature. He became a symbol for Cuba's fight for independence in the 19th century, and is referred to as the "Apostle of Cuban Independence”; & Tomas Estrada Palma (1835-1908) First President of Cuba 1902-1906, and previously during the Ten Year´s War. Remembered for allowing the Platt Amendment which ensured American dominance over Cuba. An exceptional and very attractive multiple D.S., `Jose Marti´, and `T. Estrada Palma´, two pages, large folio, New York, 15th January 1895, to Manuel Ocejo y Pastor, in Spanish. The partially printed document bears the printed heading of the New York delegation of the Cuban Revolutionary party, being a title given to contributors in favour of the cause, “Patriotic Assistance - Fundraising - To finance the war in favour of the Independence and for the Freedom of Cuba”. The attractive document, printed in green and black colours, bears four cleanly affixed portrait photographs of Jose Marti, Tomas Estrada Palma, Gonzalo de Quesada and Benjamin Guerra, all of them laureate with their printed names beneath. The document is signed by Marti and Estrada Palma in their capacity as delegates and is also signed by Gonzalo de Quesada as Secretary of the delegation and Benjamin Guerra in his capacity as Treasurer. The lengthy written text, entitled “Cuba in arms”, is a manifesto in favour of Cuban Independence and freedom, against the Spanish occupancy and slavery, concluding with the motto “Homeland and Freedom”. The document bears beneath the signatures a large red paper seal affixed of the Delegation of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Small overall minor age wear, with small remnants of a former red wax seal to the upper edge. G to VGThe present document is signed by Jose Marti on 13th-15th January 1895, only two weeks before drawing up the Uprising order. A month later, on 24th February, the uprising took place, and three months later Marti was killed at the battle of Dos Rios only a month after having returned to Cuba. Gonzalo de Quesada y Arostegui (1868-1915) was the key architect of Cuba´s Independence Movement with Jose Marti. Appointed Special Commissioner of Cuba to the United States in 1900. He later entered the diplomatic service, becoming minister to the United States. De Quesada authored “A History of Free Cuba" (1898) and "Cuba" (1905). He also edited Marti's literary works 1900-11.

MARIA CHRISTINA: (1858-1929) Austrian Archduchess, Queen Consort of Spain 1879-85, as wife of King Alfonso XII. Maria Christina also served as Queen Regent of Spain 1885-1902. An official diplomatic L.S., Maria Cristina, two pages, folio, Royal Palace of Madrid, 15th November 1894, to the President of the Republic of Peru, in Spanish. The elegantly penned manuscript letter dates from Maria Christina's tenure as Queen Regent and states, in part, 'Moved by Our constant desire to continue to cultivate the good relations both political and commercial which happily exist between Spain and Peru, We have judged it appropriate to appoint as Our Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Your Republic Don Luis del Castillo y Frigueros……The distinguished qualities of Senor Castillo y Frigueros and his well-known zeal make Us hope that in the discharge of his important Mission he will succeed in earning Your goodwill…..' Countersigned by Alejandro Groizard y Gomez de la Serna (1830-1919) Spanish Politician, Minister of State 1894-95. With an attractive blind embossed paper seal affixed. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VGAndres Avelino Caceres (1836-1923) President of Peru 1884-85, 1886-90 & 1894-95.

FREDERICK WILLIAM IV: (1795-1861) King of Prussia 1840-61. L.S., Frederic Guillaume, one page, folio, Charlottenburg, 19th May 1850, to the King of the Two Sicilies, in French. The King writes with great pleasure to announce 'that the marriage between my beloved niece, Princess Frederique Louise Wilhelmine Marianne Charlotte of Prussia, and His Royal Highness the Prince George, hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, took place yesterday at the Charlottenburg Palace', further remarking 'I am convinced that Your Majesty will be delighted about this event, which represents for me and my family a source of great contentment'. Countersigned at the foot by Alexander von Schlenitz (1807-1885) Prussian Foreign Minister 1848, 1849-50, 1858-61. With blank integral leaf. VGFerdinand II (1810-1859) King of the Two Sicilies 1830-59.Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1831-1855) had married Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1826-1914) in Charlottenburg on 18th May 1850 following a short engagement. Among the wedding gifts was an opulent old villa on Lake Como as well as a substantial collection of artworks. The Princess was to tragically die at the age of 23 following childbirth complications.

PHILIP II: (1527-1598) King of Spain 1556-98. During his marriage to Queen Mary I of England, he was King of England and Ireland 1554-58. Rare L.S., `Yo El Rey´, as King, two pages, folio, Madrid, 17th February 1567, to the Kingdom Lietenant and Mayor of the city of Granada, in old Castilian-Spanish. The King refers to the subsidy granted by His Holiness Pope Pius V, stating in part `..the grace bestowed by his Holiness, with four hundred and twenty nine thousand ducats patronage, for a period of five years..´, further referring to the purpose of such subsidy `..to help with the manufacture and maintenance of the vessels and galleys which have to protect and defend the coasts and seas of Christianity against the infidels..´ The King further refers to the agreement had with Pope Pius IV `..the Pope´s predecessor, of happy memory..´, and confirms a further five years extension of the contract. The King gives lengthy instructions about the procedures to follow and the supervisions requested. With few countersignatures at the base of the document. With blank address leaf, bearing remnants of a former red wax seal. One very small hole to the centre, only affecting one word and not the signature. Overall minor age wear, with very slightly trimmed right edge. GPius V (1504-1572) Pope of the Catholic church and ruler of the Papal States 1566-72. Venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church. Pius V arranged the formation of the Holy League, which included the major Catholic maritime states in the Mediterranean, with the intention of breaking the Ottoman Empire´s control on the eastern Mediterranean sea. For this reason the Pope approves loans-subsidies to build vessels as the present letter reveals. A few years later, in October 1571, the League won a decisive victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto.Pius IV (1499-1565) Giovanni Angelo Medici. Pope of the Catholic Church (1559-65)

PHILIP III: (1578-1621) King of Spain 1598-1621. A good L.S., Yo el Rey, as King, a bold and large signature example, one page, oblong folio, Madrid, 2nd of March 1607, to Cardinal Visconti, in old Spanish. The King refers to his envoy `.. sending the Duke of Feria to attend the audience with the Holy Father, fulfilling our obligation as obedient sons of the apostolic Holy See, visiting you on my behalf, and forwarding and granting to you my good will..´ Countersigned at the base by Andres de Prada. Bearing a Royal paper seal to the verso. A cleanly written document. Also bearing to the verso of the largely lose second part of the sheet the adressee´s name. G to VGLorenzo IV Suarez de Figueroa y Cordoba (1559-1607) 2nd Duke of Feria. Served under Philip II & Philip III, as Extraordinary Ambassador to Rome, later to Paris, also as Viceroy and Captain General of Catalonia and Viceroy of Sicilie 1603-07. A Patron of poets and humanists. Paul V (1552-1621) Pope of the Catholic Church and Ruler of the Papal States 1605-21. Born Camillo Borghese. Paul V supported Galileo Galilei´s discoveries and protected him.

HIMMLER HEINRICH: (1900-1945) German Nazi official of World War II, Reichsfuhrer of the SS. A very fine D.S., H. Himmler, one page, large heavy folio, Berlin, 5th September 1938, to Leonhard Jensen, in German. The partially printed document being the appointment of Police Master Sergeant and Oberjunker Leonhard Jensen to the rank of lieutenant of Police. Signed in bold black ink at the base of the document by Himmler, in his capacity as Reich Minister of the Interior, and as stated to the heading in the name of the Fuhrer and Reich Chancellor. The document bears to the lower left corner a large blind embossed Nazi eagle and swastika. With blank integral leaf. Folded. EX

MARIA CHRISTINA OF AUSTRIA: (1574-1621) Princess Consort of Transylvania 1586-98, as spouse of Sigismund Bathory. Maria Christina was elected in 1598, for a period of four months, Sovereign Princess regnant of Transylvania. Rare L.S., `Maria Christierna´, one page, folio, Samos Vynar?, 3rd of October, n.y., to Reverend Alphonso, Bishop of Cervia, Italy, in Latin. To the heading, Constance is referred to as Princess of Transylvania, Voivode of Valaquia and `Born Grand Duchess of Austria´. The Princess refers to the letters exchanged with her correspondent and states in part `Most Reverend and Illustrious Sir, yesterday we received the light of the noble generosity of Sir Friveriens of Horberstam, right hand man for these matters..´ With address leaf, bearing an attractive Royal paper seal. Irregular right edge, with light water stain to the bottom right corner and upper edge, not affecting the bold dark ink signature. Overall age wear, otherwise GIn August 1595 Maria Christina married Sigismund Bathory, Prince of Transylvania. The marriage was regarded as a major political gain, as Sigismund, formerly a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, formed close ties with the Holy Roman Emperor. Emperor Rudolf II appointed Sigismund Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and also secured the possession of Transylvania, if the couple remain without offspring. However, this union proved to be completely unhappy. Sigismund, after a disastrous wedding night, refused to consummate the marriage and sent his wife to a fortress in Kovar Vara, where Maria Christina was kept as prisoner.

WESTON RICHARD: (1577-1634/35) 1st Earl of Portland. English Politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1621-28 and Lord Treasurer of England 1628-35, one of the most influential figures in the early years of King Charles I's Personal Rule. L.S., Portland, two pages, folio, n.p. (London?), 18th April 1633, to Sir Robert Pye, Auditor of the Exchequer. The manuscript letter is a warrant for the payment of the sum of 30,984 pounds to Sir William Russell, Treasurer of the Navy, and further providing details of his it is to be disbursed. Countersigned at the conclusion by Francis Cottington (c.1579-1652) 1st Baron Cottington, English Politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1629-42 and Lord High Treasurer 1643-46 and was also an ambassador to Spain, leading the pro-Spanish and pro-Roman Catholic faction in the court of King Charles I. With blank integral leaf. Some fraying to the edges and a few neat splits to the folds (some repaired). GSir Robert Pye (1585-1662) English Courtier, Administrator & Politician who served as Auditor of the Exchequer 1620-42 & 1660-62. Sir William Russell (c.1585-1654) 1st Baronet, of Chippenham. English Politician, Treasurer of the Navy 1618-27, 1630-54.

MOVILA IEREMIA: (1555-1606) Voivode of Moldavia 1595-1600 & 1600-06. Very rare L.S., `Hyeremia Boebo´, two pages, folio, Zuchovica, 26th July 1596, to Reverend Bishop Alphonso, Apostolic Nuncio in Transylvania, in Latin. Movila, in his capacity as Voivode of Moldava is presented to the heading as `Ieremia Movila, Voivode and life inheritor of Moldavia..´, further sending a message to the Nuncio, expecting the support of Pope Clement VIII, stating in part `..by this Prince´s request, sent through Knight Stephan Bocskai, I beg your most Illustrious Sir to unite their kindred and adopt cause and work for our fidelity, by law, and because of the senselessness of the Boyars of Scerztha, and that our right prevail.. and Your Sir will protect your patronage, and guide his decision to bring to fruition, as my requests is indeed fair and equitable..´ Movila further refers to the end of Stefan Razvan´s time, impaled after the Battle of Suceava, only six months earlier `..ad exitum Rezvani ex hat provincial..´, and before concluding says `.. and we will be in debt to your Illustrious Holy Father for this task..´ With address leaf, bearing a royal paper seal affixed. Small overall age wear. G Clement VIII (1536-1605) Pope of Italian Roman Church 1592-1605. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of King Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire.A Boyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Moldavian and Baltic nobility from the 10th to 17th century.Stefan Razvan (?-1595) Voivode of Moldavia between April and August 1595. Razvan was a Romani descent from the state of Wallachia, his father was Muslim from the Ottoman Empire and his mother was Romanian. At that time, all the Romani people living in Wallachia and Moldavia were slaves, excepting the Ottoman citizens. He converted from Islam to Christianity and had the Boyar social status. With the help of Prince Sigismund Bathory they ousted Aaron the Tyrant in April 1595. His leadership did not last long, and the Polish-Lithuanian against the alliance between Wallachia and Moldavia, invaded the last and appointed Ieremia Movila. Ieremia Movila was a boyar who was placed on the throne as Prince of Moldavia by Polish Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, after the acceptance of Imperial tutelage over Moldavia by Stefan Razvan, having received backing from Transylvanian Prince Sigismund Bathory and Emperor Rudolf II. Movila was also accepted by the Porte, and Moldavia became a vassal of both countries, owing tributes to the Holy Roman Empire and to the Ottomans. When Stefan Razvan tried to return to the throne he was faced by Movila and Zamoyski, was captured and impaled.

GRENVILLE BARON: (1759-1834) British Prime Minister 1806-1807. D.S., Grenville, two pages, small folio, Whitehall, 2nd February 1791. The manuscript document provides the detailed accounts of expenditure incurred by John Padmore in his capacity as a messenger to Grenville and cover the period February to May 1790, including coach hire for receiving a prisoner into custody and travelling with them to Dublin, another trip from London to Holyhead with a prisoner and guard, a further 'order for Cloathes for the Prisoner, who was in a Ragged and Wretched condition when taken out of Prison' and payments for attending His Majesty in 'the second fortnight in March' and 'for the Horse that was kill'd under me and for Surgeons that attended me', the total of the bill amounting to £184.16.1. Grenville has signed the document at the conclusion, allowing the bill, and it is also countersigned by John Padmore. Some light staining, age wear and very minor traces of former mounting to one edge, only very lightly affecting the text and Grenville's signature. About VGAt the time the expenses on the present document were incurred Grenville was serving as Home Secretary (1789-91).

[GEORGE III]: (1738-1820) King of the United Kingdom 1760-1820. Contemporary Manuscript copy of a D.S., being a letter of credence sent by King George III, three pages, folio, originally signed at the Court at Saint James's, 12th March 1806, addressed to Prince Muly Solyman, Emperor of Morocco, and stating, in part, 'The infirm state of Health of Our Trusty and Wellbeloved James Mario Matra Esquire who has long resided in Your Imperial Majesty's Dominions as Our Consul General has induced us to relieve him in his Employment and to make provision for his retirement from Our Service We have nominated Our Trusty and Wellbeloved James Green Esquire to succeed Mr. Matra……He will, upon his arrival, deliver to Your Imperial Majesty this Our Letter containing assurances of Our Friendship…..and we desire that you will give full credit to what he shall declare to you concerning Our Affairs…..We avail Ourselves of this occasion to present you with some Cloth and some curious Articles made on purpose for your Imperial Majesty'. With a secretarial signature of King George III at the head and conclusion and also with a secretarial countersignature of William Windham (1750-1810) British Statesman, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies 1806-07. Some very light age toning and wear, otherwise VG Mulay Suleiman (1766-1822) Sultan of Morocco 1792-1822. James Matra (1746-1806) American Sailor and Diplomat who had accompanied James Cook on his voyage to Botany Bay in 1770. Matra served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1786-1806 James Green (1772-1840) British Diplomat who served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1806-17.

LASALLE ANTOINE-CHARLES: (1775-1809) French cavalry General. Also known as "The Hussar General". Lasalle gained fame as a daring adventurer and is credited with many exploits during the Egypt and Spanish campaigns. Killed at the Battle of Wagram. An excellent multiple signed D.S., `Lasalle M.al de Logis´, one page, oblong folio, Zwolle, 9th April 1795, in French. The carefully hand-written document bears the heading "North Army - Regiment of Chasseurs riders - Liberté - Egalité" and a very attractive red wax seal of the republican regiment to the left border, in fine condition. The document is given to Thomas René Souton, officer of the cavalry regiment, granting him this permanent leave due to his disabilities. Signed by the members of the administration board of the Regiment, and also signed to the left border by General Dominique-Joseph René Vandamme, (1770-1830) Count of Unseburg. A reputed French military officer and corps commander who publicly criticized Napoleon. Signed D. Vandamme, with a two lines holograph. With a large watermark. Folded. Very small overall minor age wear, otherwise VG Lasalle married former wife of General Victor Berthier, and sister-in-law to Marshal Louis Alexandre Berthier. When Napoleon and Lasalle met at the Tuileries Palace, the Emperor asked, `When is the wedding?´ Lasalle replied, `Sire, when I have enough money to buy the wedding presents and furniture´. Napoleon said, `But I gave you 200,000 francs last week, what did you do with them?´. Lasalle replied, `I used half to pay my debts and have lost the rest gambling´. Such a confession would have broken the career of any other soldier but, coming from Lasalle, it made the Emperor smile and ordered to give Lasalle another 200,000 francs. When a prefect asked why Napoleon didn't discipline Lasalle for his conduct, Napoleon responded that `It only takes a stroke of a pen to create a prefect, but it takes twenty years to make a Lasalle´.

DUMAS ALEXANDRE: Fils (1824-1895) French Author and Dramatist. Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, folio, n.p., n.d. (watermark of 1857), in French. The substantial fragment of manuscript, with extensive corrections, is an unused portion of the comedy L'Ami des Femmes and represents dialogue between J[ane de Simerose] and de M[ontegre], the final version of which sees Jane passionately asking Montegre whether, if her husband has broken his word, that is a reason to break hers, in part, 'So long as I am to keep his name, I must respect it. Would she still be a wife who at my age had said to two men that she loved them, who belonging legally to one, should calmly give herself to the other, and whom each of the two would have this right to despise, for you would despise me in spite of yourself if I were to believe you, and already, to expect that I can believe you is to despise me - I am married, as you are - and you talk to me of love. Who do you take me for? To put me in a web of lies, terrors, insults, adulteries, to make me blush before another, before you, before myself, to lower myself in the esteem of others and my own - Never. Die if you have not the courage of duty - I do have - and I am alive'. Rare in this form. Some light overall creasing and minor age wear, GThe passage contained in the present manuscript fragment may have been a trial for part of Act IV. In the published play, Act I introduces de Royes, the 'friend' of the title, who claims to be an expert on women, and de Montegre, who has briefly met Jane two or three times before. She loved but is separated from her husband, who was unfaithful after a month of marriage, On meeting de Montegre again she wistfully thinks he might be someone she could trust and writes a note asking him to meet her 'tomorrow - I love you'. However, her husband turns up towards the end of Act III with adoption papers for a young orphan whom he hopes Jane will bring up with his support, and Jane is given pause. In Act IV she is followed by de Montegre to Paris, where she manages to evade him. On returning home she upbraids him for trailing her in secret rather than declaring himself openly, and refuses to trust him. At the end of Act V de Montegre arranges for Jane's note of assignation to be put in the hands of the husband, as if from Jane herself, de Royes 'expert' knowledge is confounded, and Jane and her husband are reconciled. The present manuscript fragment suggests an alternative which Dumas could not use, possibly because it seemed too final at this stage of the play.

GEORGE III: (1738-1820) King of the United Kingdom 1760-1820. D.S., George R, as King, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Court at Saint James's, 20th February 1797. The partially printed document is a military commission appointing George Paterson to be a Major in the Fifeshire Regiment of Fencible Cavalry commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Anstruther Thomson. Countersigned at the foot by William Cavendish-Bentinck (1738-1809) 3rd Duke of Portland, British Politician who served as Home Secretary 1794-1801 and as Prime Minister 1783 & 1807-09. With blind embossed paper seal attached. Some light overall mottling, otherwise about VG

CHODERLOS DE LACLOS PIERRE: (1741-1803) French Novelist, army General, and freemason. Best known for his novel Les Liaisons Dangereuses ("Dangerous Liaisons"), 1782, a masterpiece of the French literature of the 18th century which has inspired multiple plays, films and analytic commentaries. Rare L.S., `Laclos´, one page, folio, Verona, 10th February 1801, in French. Laclos, in his capacity as Commander of the reserve artillery regiment of the Army of Italy, gives his approval to General Michaud´s complaint `..against a military group of canonniers of the 8th regiment which has created the great disorders in a commune..´, further ordering to intervene as they look very guilty, despite the Commander´s report which explains the facts differently. Two extremely small pinholes to the upper left corner because of a former staple, otherwise VG

VICTOR-PERRIN CLAUDE: (1764-1841) Marshal of France. Duc de Belluno. L.S., Victor, one page, folio, Berlin, 10th May 1808, to war Commissar Crouzet, in French. Victor in his capacity as Marshal of the Empire and Duc de Belluno states `I enclose to you the Legion d´Honneur Grand Councelor´s response regarding the award I requested in favour of your brother, my former aide de camp. I really wish he will get this award he fully deserves.´ With blank integral leaf. Few small tears to the edges, slightly damaged. G

CONSTANCE OF AUSTRIA: (1588-1631) Queen of Poland 1605-31. Second spouse of King Sigismund III Vasa and mother of King John II Casimir. Very rare L.S., `Constantia´, a bold black ink signature, one page, folio, Tykocin (small town north-east of Poland), 28th October 1630, to Archbishop Larissano, Apostolic Nuncio to Poland, in Latin. To the heading, Constance is referred to as Queen of Poland, Sweden, Grand Duchess of Lusatia, Rusia, Prusia, Masovia, Samogitia and Livonia, `Born Grand Duchess of Austria´. The Queen welcomes the new appointed nuncio to Warsaw, stating in part `..To what an extent your very clean origin and the excellent fame of your qualities precedes you.. We welcome you and your philosophy in this our Royal House.´ Queen Constance died of a stroke few months after the present letter was signed, at the early age of 42. With address leaf, letter from the `Regina´, bearing a royal paper seal affixed. Overall foxing, the text remaining fully legible, otherwise G

PHILIPPE II DUKE OF ORLEANS: (1674-1723) Duke of Chartres. Philippe II served as Regent of the French Kingdom 1715-23 during Louis XV´s age minority. The Duke married his first cousin, Francoise de Bourbon, legitimised daughter of his uncle Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. He died at the age of 49 at Versailles, being the de facto ruler of France. An excellent L.S., `Philippe d´Orleans´, as Regent of the Kingdom of France, four pages, folio, Paris, 25th July 1718, in French. An important and cleanly written letter referring to the guarantee requested by Sicily according to the Utrecht Treaty. The Regent states in part `Monseigneur, la lettre que Votre Majesté m´a fait l´honneur de m´écrire a l´occasion de l´entreprise de la flotte du Roi d´Espagne sur la Sicile, m´a été remise par le Comte de Piovana, et il n´a rien oublié pour faire connaitre en meme temps les raisons qu´elle a de recourir au Roy et de demander a sa Majesté l´effet de la garantie des Traités d´Utrecht; Je n´aurais rien désiré avec plus d´empressement que devoir reigner une tranquilité parfaite en Italie..´, (“Monsignor, the letter that Your Majesty has honoured me sending on the occasion of the undertaking of the King of Spain´s fleet in Sicily, has been forwarded to me by Count of Piovana; and he has not forgotten anything to make the King understand the reasons to ask His Majesty the effect of the guarantee of the Treaty of Utrecht; I would have wanted nothing more eagerly than having to reign a perfect tranquillity in Italy.´). The Regent further refers to the allied Kingdoms and to the international situation stating `…les circonstances de l´armement et de l´entreprise du Roy d´Espagne ne permettant pas de douter que la guerre ne devient bientot générale dans l´Europe. Il n´était pas possible de prévenir et de détourner ce malheur… au maintien de la tranquilité publique pour entrer dans les mêmes mesures avec le Roy, le Roy de la grande Bretagne et de la république de Hollande, elle trouvera dans leur garantie une sécurité entiere..´, (“.. the circumstances of the armament and actions of the King of Spain do not allow doubts that the war will soon become general in Europe. It was not possible to prevent and deflect this misfortune.. the maintenance of public tranquillity to agree the same measures between the King, the King of Great Britain and the Republic of Holland, you will find security and their full guarantee..´ Paper with attractive Royal watermark. Bound with green lace. Small overall minor age wear and toning, otherwise G The Peace of Utrecht is a series of treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of Spanish Succession in the Dutch city of Utrecht between 1713 and 1715. The treaties allowed Philip V (grandson of King Louis XIV of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe. The treaties between several European states included Spain, France, Great Britain, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic. Sicily was granted to the House of Savoy, and to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, King of Sicily 1713-20.

[MECCA]: MATRA JAMES: (1746-1806) American Sailor and Diplomat who had accompanied James Cook on his voyage to Botany Bay in 1770. Matra served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1786-1806. Manuscript draft (retained copy) of an A.L., unsigned, nine pages, folio, Tangiers, 28th March 1789, to Lord Sydney. Matra's diplomatic letter is written in response to a request of intelligence from his correspondent and states, in part, 'The Caravan to Mecca is composed of Merchants of Pilgrims, subjects of the Emperor of Morocco who go to Mecca - and of Merchants belonging to the States of Algiers, Tunis & Tripoly who carry on a regular trade with the Emperor of Morocco and follow its Caravans for safety. The articles which the Moorish Caravans take from Morocco are - Money, Al-haiques (the common Moorish Garment), Slippers & old red Bonnets which they very advantageously exchange with the Arabs on the road for Provisions for themselves & their beasts…….They who wish to stop at Algiers or Tunis turn off with the Merchants to those Places, and join their party again at the Salt Pits which are distant about half a days journey from Tripoli where the general Caravan is considerably increased by the Pilgrims from the three Eastern States of Barbary…….At this place (Tripoli) they provide themselves with all the necessaries for their Journey to Alexandria, which they perform in about fifty days…..The united Caravan carry on a petty commerce from place to place…..At Egypt they invest their money in Persian & Levant silks, Silks manufactured in Cairo, Raw Silk, muslins, fine Cottons, Amber, Essence of Roses, Musk & Storax…..Mules are also bought, they are purchased with 20 or 25 Dol[lar]s by the vendors who sell them for Sixty or Seventy. The Emperor checks the Caravan Trade to and from Mecca, by every possible discouragement…….Frequently too, when they are assembled at one of his Ports and ready to embark he picks a Quarrel with the richest of them and extorts money from them for a permission to proceed. These poor people thus wounded in their vitals when they return by land frequently disperse near the Frontiers and reach their own country by private Roads, by doing of which they risk both Life & Property: in the year 1786 140 of them were murdered by the mountain Arabs……The value of the Trade however which I am now representing is estimated at the annual amount of two Millions of Spanish Mexicos……The Caravan Trade from Morocco to Guinea proceeds no farther south than to Tambuctoo, the Capital of Negroeland……The Caravans consist of from one to three hundred persons…..they are convoyed and protected by the Arabs…..till they arrive at Tambuctoo: the Arabs are rewarded for the Protection which they give in proportion to the number of each Caravan & the value of its merchandize…..two Deserts must be passed, one in four days, the other in nine, and on this account a sufficient number of camels to carry water must be provided. The principal articles of commerce of these Caravans are tobacco & salt……The European Merchandize conveyed by these Caravans consists of……Fine Scarlet & Crimson cloths…..Fine Irish Linnen, but not in a great quantity…..Cloves, Nutmegs, Coral Beads, Large Amber Beads, Venetian Beads of various sorts…..Olando paper…..Brass wire, Needles & Dutch or Nuremberg gilt Paper looking Glasses. The Returns from Tambuctoo are Gold Dust, Slaves & Gum - the Gum is the same sort as that from Senegal……The number of Slaves annually imported in this Empire from Tambuctoo is estimated at 3, or 4,000…..Eunuchs are brought by these Caravans…..The King…..I am informed will give from Twelve to Twenty Eunuchs for one Horse. No Eunuchs are made in this Country, a few are brought occasionally from Turkey, or Egypt, as presents for the Emperor……It has not yet been in my power to procure any probable information of the annual amount of this commerce…..The Moors keep no Books, a dark and misterious veil is drawn over all pecuniary Property in this Country……I am afraid it will be impracticable for me to Procure Your Lordship an account of the least accuracy of the Population of the interior parts of this Country…..you may travel by a road each side of which is crowded with Arab Villages: if you pass the same way a month after not a vestage of them may remain. The Towns of the Empire are in a state not less precarious; their inhabitants are in a moment removed from their fixed Habitations by the jealousy or caprice of their master…….The Arabs…..acknowledge him [The Emperor] as the Descendant of Mahomet, as Chief of their Religion; but they will not surrender to him their Liberty…..' A letter of fascinating content relating to Morocco and its trade between Tangier and Mecca. Some light overall age wear and a lengthy horizontal split to the central fold of the final page, only just affecting a few words of text, G Thomas Townshend (1733-1800) 1st Viscount Sydney. British Politician who served as Home Secretary from 1783-89.

GOUNOD CHARLES: (1818-1893) French Composer. Autograph Musical Manuscript Signed, Ch. Gounod, twice, three pages, folio (manuscript paper), n.p., July 1893, being the manuscript score of Gounod's hymn to the hoy sacrament Adoro te supplex ('Gentle, holy Saviour') for mezzo soprano or tenor, consisting of over 100 bars of music, with words, on 12 stave manuscript paper. Signed by Gounod to the title page, completed entirely in his hand and also signed at the conclusion of the piece. Some light overall age wear and dust staining, most noticeable to the outer covers, about VG Gounod was a prolific composer of songs, although most of them were secular and only a small handful of religious songs, such as the present example, were written for the British market. During his lifetime Gounod's religious music was regarded in many quarters more highly than his most popular operas.

CUBAN LIBERATOR ARMY: An attractive multiple signed document, one page, large folio, Bayamo, 28th November 1868, in Spanish. The partially printed document being a decree entitled ''Republic of Cuba - Liberator Army of Cuba and Provisional Government'', and bears a very attractive and large printed coat of arms to the heading. The decree contains a unique article related to the supplying of the corps and is signed by nine members of the provisional government, including CARLOS MANUEL CESPEDES DEL CASTILLO (1819-1874) Cuban Revolutionary. Known as the ''Father of the Motherland'', Cespedes is considered a Cuban hero who freed slaves and leaded the declaration of Cuban Independence in 1868; PEDRO FIGUEREDO (1818-1870) known as Perucho, Cuban Poet and Musician. A freedom Ativist.  Figueredo composed the national anthem of Bayamo. He was captured and executed; LUIS MARCANO (1831-1870) Dominican General of the Cuban Army during the Ten Years´ War. He took part in the 1868 Battle of Bayamo. Shot in a fight; Donato Marmol (1843-1870) Cuban Officer and Patriot. Marmol died during the Ten Years´ war of smallpox at the early age of 27;  Ramon de Cespedes (1808-1890) Cuban Politician and Lawyer; Fernando Fornaris y Cespedes (1837-1875) Cuban Lawyer, military Officer and Writer. Executed, etc.. Bearing a large black paper seal affixed at the base alongside the bold ink signatures. Professional small repair to the verso. Small overall minor age wear with edges very slightly trimmed. G to VG

FRENCH MARSHALS: A good selection of twelve signed documents, A.Ls.S., T.Ls.S., Cartes de visite, gretting cards, etc… by various French Marshals of the XIXº and XXº century, including Alphonse Juin (1888-1967) Gravely wounded in 1915 during World War one, as a result of which he lost the use of his right arm. Captured during WWII during the Battle of France, Juin was a prisoner of war. Signed greeting card dated 1949, with a three holograph lines; Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (1798-1854) A.L.S., two pages, 4to, Paris, 24th July 1840, stating in part `..troubles have thrown into French territory many Spanish refugees… I have had many Spanish serving under my orders, I know their language, and all the opportunities I had in Africa helped me to learn the ways to obtain the best from a Spanish soldier..´ further referring to the creation of a Legion Etrangere; Joseph Gallieni (1849-1916) remembered as the infamous French military leader who exiled Queen Ranavalona III of Madagascar and abolished the 350-year-old monarchy. Carte de visite with seven lines in his hand. Dated 1898; Joseph Joffre (1852-1931) T.L.S., two pages, folio, dated 1904; Michel Regnaud St-Jean d'Angély, A.L.S., one page, 8vo, 9th January 1853; Jacques Louis Randon, A.L.S., three pages, 8vo, 18th July 1859, on the war Ministry printed stationery; Hubert Lyautey, A.L.S., two pages, 8vo, 25th May 1911, on his General office printed stationery; Bernard Pierre Magnan, A.L.S., one page, 8vo, Paris, 5th April 1857; Louis Franchet d'Esperey, A.L.S., two pages, 8vo, 1927; Marie Emile Fayolle, A.L.S., 1923; François de Canrobert, Carte de visite with 3 holograph lines; Jean-Baptiste Vaillant, Carte de visite with few holograph lines. G to VG, 12

BOLIVAR SIMON: (1783-1830) Venezuelan-born Military and Political leader. President of Gran Colombia 1819-30, President of Bolivia 1825 & President of Peru 1824-27. Bolívar played an important role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, and is today considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Americas. Rare L.S., Bolivar, two pages, folio, Angostura, 18th December 1817, to the Governor and General Commander of the province of Guayana, in Spanish. The partially printed document bearing to the heading the printed text “Simon Bolivar - Chief Supreme of the Republic, Captain-General of the Venezuela and New-Granada armies” refers to Commandant De Miguel unacceptable behaviour, stating in part `..he is not only reluctant and negligent when fulfilling the orders given but he is also demanding and accepting dishonourable bribes, which is degrading for an officer of the Republic. Such a behaviour, on top of being a criminal conduct is shameful for our government and ruins our credit with foreigners..´ Few pinholes not affecting the text or signature. G

GEORGE V: (1819-1878) King of Hanover 1851-66. L.S., Georg Rex, as the last King of Hanover, one page, folio, Hanover, 25th November 1859, to Johann Carl Bertram Stuve, the District Chief Executive, in German. The King states that his Lord High Chamberlain, von Malortie, has presented him with his correspondent's chronicle of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck 'and has expressed your wish that it should be given a place in my library', further remarking 'I am happy to fulfil your wish and thank you for the gift. Furthermore, I would like to express my appreciation for your patriotic historical research for which I have a keen interest'. With blank integral leaf. VG Johann Carl Bertram Stuve (1798-1872) German Lawyer, Historian & Politician.

JANACEK LEOS: (1854-1928) Czech Composer. Along with Anton Dvorak and Bedrich Smetana, he is considered one of the most important Czech composers. Multiple signed folio by professors of the music conservatory of Brno, `Leos Janaceck´, one page, folio, Brno, 29th January 1894, in Czech. The hand written text refers to a conference which will take place on 3rd of February 1894, at 11h, about moral behaviour and diligence, with the presence of all professors. Boldly signed in pencil by Janacek. To the verso another multiple signed page by professors acknowledging a call to a different meeting. Folded. Repaired to the fold. Overall age wear, otherwise G

WILHELM I: (1797-1888) King of Prussia 1861-88 and the first German Emperor 1871-88. L.S., Guillaume PR, as Prince Regent, one page, folio, Berlin, 26th May 1859, to the King of the Two Sicilies, in French. The Prince Regent writes in the immediate aftermath of the death of King Ferdinand II and informs King Francis II that he wishes to renew the full authority of the Baron of Canitz as an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary without further delay 'as I am convinced that the Baron of Canitz will succeed in winning Your Majesty over with the fervour he will invest in cementing the friendly and perfectly intelligent relationships between Prussia and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which have always been well maintained'. Countersigned at the foot by Alexander von Schlenitz (1807-1885) Prussian Foreign Minister 1848, 1849-50, 1858-61. With blank integral leaf. A few light creases to the upper edge, otherwise VGFrancis II (1836-1894) King of the Two Sicilies 1859-61. His father and predecessor, King Ferdinand II had passed away on 22nd May 1859.

GANDHI RAJIV: (1944-1991) Indian Politician. Prime Minister of India 1984-89. Gandhi took office after the assassination of his predecessor, his mother Indira Gandhi, becoming the youngest Indian Prime Minister at the age of 40. Rajiv Gandhi was also assassinated in 1991 by a suicide bomber. A good and clean dark blue fountain pen ink signature, in Indian, to the upper part of a 9.5 x 13.5 large beige folio. Also dated 4th September 1989 in Gandhi´s hand. EX

EMMA OF WALDECK AND PYRMONT: (1858-1934) Queen Consort of the Netherlands & Grand Duchess Consort of Luxembourg 1879-90. An official diplomatic L.S., Emma, two pages, folio, Soestdyk Castle, 31st July 1894, to the Second Vice-President of Peru, in French. The Queen Regent, serving on behalf of her daughter Queen Wilhelmina, acknowledges receipt of her correspondent's letter informing her 'that following the decease of the President of the Republic of Peru, General D. Remigio Morales Bermudez, You have, under the terms of the Constitution, assumed the executive power until the election of a new holder of the Presidency' and further remarking 'I hasten to assure You that I will be pleased to join in the aim You propose, of cultivating and renewing more and more the good and amicable relations which so happily exist between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Peru'. Countersigned at the foot by Joan Roell (1844-1914) Dutch Statesman, Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1894-97). Some light overall uniform age toning, otherwise VGJustiniano Borgono (1836-1921) Peruvian Soldier and Politician, served briefly as the President of the Government Junta, April - August 1894.

PELLOS: (1900-1998) René Pellarin, French Cartoonist. Pellos was the Tour de France cartoonist in the 1930´s. Rare signed original cover `Pellos´, for the Pieds-Nickelés, number 54, `Les Pieds-Nickelés Agents Secrets´, showing the three main characters of the comic series, one page, drawing paper card, folio, drawn by Pellos in black ink and gouache. Pellos has neatly affixed several drawn clipped pieces to create the cover. Les Pieds-Nickelés, was a comic strip series, published for the first time in 1908, and is considered one of the most important pioneering comic series by French cartoonists. Created by Louis Forton in 1908, who published the comic strips from 1908 to 1938. Ten years after Forton´s death, Pellos took back the Pieds Nickelés, and published over a hundred new comic series from 1948 to 1981. G Louis Forton (1879-1934) French Cartoonist. Considered one of the main French pioneers in the field. Best known as the creator in 1908 of the comic strips Les Pieds Nickelés.

BRISSOT JACQUES PIERRE: (1754-1793) Also known as "De Warville", French leading figure of the Girondins. Founder of the abolitionist Society of the Friends of the Blacks. An excellent D.S., `J.P. Brissot´, two pages, folio, Paris, 24th September 1792, in French. The document bears the printed heading "Decree of the National Convention - First year of the French Republic", and states in part `.. the commissars appointed to the Pyrenean departments, in order to grant the defence and order are authorized to suspend General Staff Officers, or any other officer whether civil or military if they judge the replacement necessary… and to order the arrest of the persons they will consider suspicious..´ Also signed at the base by Gaston Camus alongside Brissot´s signature, and bearing a National Convention paper seal affixed. With blank integral leaf. Folded, with very small age wear, otherwise VG De Warville has its origin in the English version "d´Ouarville". The Hamlet of Leves. The present decree was issued only few weeks after the September Massacres, from 2nd to 6th September, where a number of killings occurred in Paris and other cities. More than one thousand prisoners were killed within 20 hours. Armand-Gaston Camus (1740-1804) French Revolutionist. Camus obtained the abolition of titles of nobility in 1791. Member of the National Convention, he wrote in January 1793 that he voted "Death without appeal". Camus was captures and kept in captivity by the Austrians for 39 months, and was exchanged for Marie Therese of France in November 1795. Camus remained republican and refused to take part in the Napoleonic regime.Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve (1756- 18?) French Writer and Politician. Mayor of Paris 1791-92. On 4th August 1792, only a month before the present letter was signed, Petion demanded the deposition of the King.

PALMERSTON VISCOUNT: (1784-1865) British Prime Minister 1855-58, 1859-65. L.S., Palmerston, three pages, folio, Foreign Office, 22nd June 1838, to Edward William Auriol Drummond-Hay, Consul-General at Tangiers. Palmerston states that the Government have been considering Drummond-Hay's despatches and his 'suggestions for the amendment of the British Treaties with Morocco, and for the settlement of other questions…..between the two Governments' and continues to offer his responses, 'On the first point I have to observe to you that although there may be imperfections in the Treaty between this Country and Morocco, which it might be advantageous, if possible, to remove by substituting a new Treaty for that which now exists…..Her Majesty's Government do not think it advisable to make the attempt. Her Majesty's Government would certainly not feel themselves justified in acting upon your suggestion of using coercion, even if it were practicable, to compel the Emperor of Morocco to acquiesce in a demand for a new Treaty……The Point therefore to be now discussed with Morocco is only that…..of the Right of Her Majesty's Government to appoint Jews to act as Consular Agents in Morocco and upon that Point, I propose to send you such further instructions…..after I have received the opinion of the Law Officer of the Crown….' A letter of interesting content relating to Morocco and their historic treatment of Jews. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VGEdward William Auriol Drummond Hay (1785-1845) English Antiquary & Military officer who was present at the Battle of Waterloo. Later Great Britain's Consul-General at Tangiers, Morocco 1829-45.

GEORGE III: (1738-1820) King of the United Kingdom 1760-1820. D.S., George R, (a 'mad' example), as King, at the head, three pages, folio, Court at Saint James's, 2nd June 1808. The manuscript document is a License relating to John Tulloch and states, in part, 'To all commanders of Our Ships of War and Privateers…..Greeting, whereas John Tulloch hath humbly represented unto us on Behalf of Edward Wynne Commander of the American Ship Father & Sons and sundry British Merchants that they are desirous of obtaining Our Royal Licence to Import from Alicant or any Port or Ports in Spain not blockaded to any of the Ports of Our United Kingdom Four Cargoes…..of such articles as are allowed by Our order……the said vessels may proceed from the Port they lie in Ballast or partly laden with heavy Goods to other Ports not Blockaded to compleat their cargoes or to take the whole of their cargoes on Board where they be & be permitted to make use of any Belligerent or Neutral Dominants……& that on their arrival at this Kingdom the Masters be Permitted to…..return with their Vessels & Crews to any Port not Blockaded. We taking the Promises into our Royal Consideration are graciously pleased to grant Our License…..provided that….the said vessels shall be Spanish & that they depart from any one Port in Spain where they may load…..or where part of the Cargoes consist of Barilla…..to any other Ports between Cape Palos & Cape Nao…..& to proceed from thence with their Cargoes…..to any of the Ports of Our United Kingdom upon condition that if any Part of the Cargoes of either of the said Vessels consist of Wines the Merchant Importer of the said Wines shall (if the Port of Destination be to the Eastward of Plymouth) enter into proper Security by Bond to be taken in the Office of Our Privy Council…….This Our Licence to remain in Force for Six months……' Countersigned ('Hawkesbury') at the conclusion by Robert Jenkinson (1770-1828) 2nd Earl of Liverpool, British Prime Minister 1812-27, Home Secretary 1804-06, 1807-09. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some light overall age wear and a couple of small, minor tears to the edges of the folds, only very slightly affecting one word of text but not the signature, otherwise VG

FREDERICK I: (1676-1751) King of Sweden 1720-51. D.S., Friedrich, (a good, bold example, as King), two pages, folio, Stockholm, 5th September 1739, in Swedish. The attractively penned manuscript document are the letters of appointment for Leonhard Klinkovstrom to be Chancellery Councillor and state, in part, '…..as the office of a Chancellery Councillor in Our and the Kingdom's Chancellery College, in the place of the late Joachim Neries, has become vacant: And for its filling there has come to Our Gracious Remembrance Our Faithful Servant and Secretary at the Foreign Department of Our Chancellery, Our Beloved Noble and Well-Born Leonhard Klinkovstrom, in consideration of the long service demonstrated to Us and the Kingdom, and the good knowledge and experience he has employed in the matters that belong to that same important office, together with the proof of the loyal and honest behaviour he has shown daily and at all times: We therefore will hereby and in virtue of these Our Letters Patent do appoint him, Leonhard Klinkovstrom, to the office of a Chancellery Councillor……in which he is to enjoy the salary and benefits that belong to the same Office…..' Countersigned at the foot by Gustaf Boneauschiold (1683-1754) Swedish Nobleman, Presidential Secretary of the Chancellery College. With blind embossed paper seal affixed and blank integral leaf. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

DUMOURIEZ CHARLES FRANÇOIS: (1739-1823) Charles François du Périer Dumouriez. French General, victorious at Valmy, who would later desert the Revolutionary army and join the Royalists. Dumouriez was accused of treason and went into exile. An excellent content L.S., `Dumouriez´, one page, Folio, Paris, 21st April 1792, `4th year of Liberty´, to Monsieur Villar, in French. Dumouriez,in his capacity as Foreign Affairs Minister, states `Sir, I have the honour to prevent you that referring to the last response received from the Court in Vienna by M. de Noailles on the fourth of the present month, and having reported its content to the King, His Majesty took the decision to go to the National Assembly yesterday. I have exposed during the session, and on behalf of the King, all our grievances against that court behaviour and His Majesty has afterwards proposed that the legislature deliberate on this urgent matter of a war declaration against the King of Hungary and Bohemia.´ Dumouriez further reports on the result of the deliberations and states `From the measure and proposition of His Majesty, it has resulted Sir, that the National Assembly has issued a decree which I enclose two copies of.´ Before concluding Dumouriez requests from his correspondent information about the impact that this decree may have produced. A letter of historical content. Together with an original National Convention decree, issued on 16th April 1793, a year after the present letter´s date, referring to Dumouriez as a traitor of the Republic, as an accomplice of the Austrians. Dumouriez, together with future King Louis Philippe and his brother the duc of Montpensier fled to Austria. Extremely small age wear, otherwise VG,2 Dumouriez was Foreign Minister of France from March to June 1792. He played a major role in the declaration of war against Austria on 20th April 1792. The Legislative Assembly, supported by Louis XVI, declared war on Austria ("the King of Bohemia and Hungary") voting for war after the long list of grievances presented to it by Dumouriez who prepared an immediate invasion of the Austrian Netherlands, where he expected the local population to rise against Austrian rule. However, the Revolution had thoroughly disorganized the army, and the forces raised were insufficient for the invasion.Louis XVI (1754-1793) King of France and Navarre 1774-1791, King of the French 1791-92. The only King of France to have been executed. Four months after the present letter was written, the King of French Louis XVI was arrested and a month later the Monarchy was abolished.Francis II (1768-1835) Last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1792-1806, Emperor of Austria 1804-35 as Francis I. He was also King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia.

FRANCIS II: (1768-1835) Last Holy Roman Emperor 1792-1806. Later Francis I, first Emperor of Austria 1804-35. Excellent L.S., Franciscus, one page, folio, Buda, 30th April 1807, to Ferdinand III of Sicily, in Latin. In this dramatic letter, the King Francis I writes on mourning stationery to his father in law, King Ferdinand III of Sicily, and reports about the situation and emotions following the Queen's death, and states `Disastrous day among all days the thirteenth of this month, when the Queen Empress, beloved wife of mine and your daughter, suffered and endured till the end the grievous childbirth. Close to seven in the morning the just born Archduchess baby was taken out alive. Because of the premature birth, suffering after the three days birth, she died. This has created an intense deep pain and sorrow to me as father, and a large bitter sadness in me, feeling which from that day overflows my capacities and its magnitude prevents me to realize and value it.´ Further reporting to his correspondent about the Christian virtues of his wife and daughter, and ends with `When Your Majesty, who I always keep in my heart, is far from the family, all adversities thrive´. The King adds before signing (`Your Majesty, good son in law, and respectful Brother´) in his hand. A letter of excellent content reporting the events of the 13th April 1807. With blank integral leaf. Accompanied by the original mourning envelope with a black wax seal in good condition. VGFerdinand I (1751-1825) King of the Two Sicilies 1816-25, after his restoration following victory in the Napoleonic Wars. Before that he had been, since 1759 Ferdinand III of the Kingdom of Sicily.Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (1772-13th April 1807) Eldest daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and III of Sicily, and his second wife Marie Caroline of Austria. Married to Francis II. She was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria.

[FRENCH CAMPAIGN IN EGYPT AND SYRIA]: ADDINGTON JOHN HILEY: (1759-1818) British Politician, younger brother of Prime Minister Henry Addington, Viscount Sidmouth. L.S., J. H. Addington, one page, folio, Treasury Chambers, 13th May 1801, to the Paymaster of the Forces ('Sir & My Lord'; Sylvester Douglas, 1st Baron Glenbervie). Addington writes, in full, 'Having laid before the Lords Commsrs. of His Majesty's Treasury a Letter from Mr. Commissary Motz dated Marmorice Bay the 14th Febry. last enclosing a Bill for £20,754.19.2/2 drawn by Mr. Baynes, the Deputy Paymaster General to the Army in the Mediterranean, on you, on account of the Ordinary Service of the Forces, and requesting that the same may be duly credited on his account. I have received their Lordships Commands to transmit the said Papers to you for your information'. With blank integral leaf (minor traces of former mounting to the left edge of the verso). About VGJohn Hiley Addington served as a Lord of the Treasury from 1800-01 and 1802-03 during which time his elder brother was Chancellor of the Exchequer (1801-04).Marmorice Bay (today known as Marmaris) is a port city on the shoreline of the Turkish riviera. In 1801 a British force of 120 ships under Admiral Keith and 14,000 troops under General Abercromby anchored in the bay for eight weeks, training and resupplying for their mission to end Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt and Syria.

BRITISH MILITARY: A good, small series of A.Ls.S. by various British military officers comprising Dighton Probyn (1833-1924) English General, Victoria Cross winner for his numerous actions during the Indian Mutiny 1857-58. Keeper of the Privy Purse, Secretary to Edward, Prince of Wales and Comptroller of the Household. A.L.S., D. M. Probyn, four pages, 8vo, Marlborough House, London, 1st November 1879, to Dr. Stedman. Probyn expresses his concerns about his wife's health, stating 'She never complains, but I know that at times she is worse, or at any rate feels much worse, than she allows she is' and continuing 'You know her case, and what treatment she has received. I want her to see Sir William Gull before she goes to Sandringham, and Sir William has kindly promised to see her', adding 'I told Sir Wm. however that I would ask you to write to him….telling him what you know about Lady Probyn's ailment. Will you please do this for me, without fail' and further providing Gull's address at Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, concluding 'Nobody knows as much about Ly. Probyn's health as you do, and she kicks against seeing anybody else, but you will pardon a husband's anxiety in wanting a second opinion. I don't think she has ever been really strong since that illness she had at Milford, in 73 I think, when you were so kind to her'; Francis Grenfell (1841-1925) 1st Baron Grenfell. British Field Marshal who fought in the Battle of Ulundi during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. Grenfell also served as aide-de-camp to the Commander-in-Chief, South Africa. A.L.S., Grenfell, four pages, 8vo, Wantage, Berkshire, 3rd January n.y. (c.1902-03), to [T. Douglas] Murray. Grenfell states that he would be very interested in his correspondent's book on Joan of Arc 'as I really know but little of her true life' and remarking 'I was looking at her Gilt Statue in the Rivoli last week & thinking of her wonderful achievements'. The Field Marshal continues 'Her canonization could be very popular in France', adding that he had an interesting sight of the Borgia apartments and 'As regards the canonization I should fear that the presence of Royalty could, while being good as regards the "Entente" - might alarm the non-conformist conscience'; Frederic Thesiger (1827-1905) 2nd Baron Chelmsford. British Imperial General who served in the Anglo-Zulu War, Commander in the defeat to the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana. A.L.S., Chelmsford, four pages, 8vo, Knaresborough Place, Cromwell Road, London, 2nd May 1890, to Dr. [Herbert Armitage] James. Chelmsford states that he and Lady Chelmsford will be staying with the President of Magdalen College in Oxford on 17th May and will therefore not be able to be present at the meetings his correspondent mentions, further adding 'I am very sorry not to be able to support the movement for initiating a mission in South London in connexion with Cheltenham College by my presence on the occasion; but you may rest assured that the movement has my hearty sympathy'; Courtney Chambers (d.1848) British Lieutenant-Colonel who served at the Battle of Waterloo under the Duke of Wellington and later Commanded the 25th Regiment of Foot at the Cape of Good Hope. A.L.S., C Chambers, three pages, folio, Cape Town, 10th August 1842, to [Abraham Josias] Cloete. Chambers states 'It occurred to me a few days ago that from your having had 400 of the 25th Regiment under your command at Natal you might probably wish to have my opinion upon the measures you carried into effect when employ'd upon a service of no ordinary nature, but one that required as much discretion and sound sense as any that ever perhaps agitated the minds of the Colonists at the Cape - English and Dutch' and continues to inform Cloete that, having considered the matter with close attention, he is 'quite satisfied that the course you pursued was not only the best, but the only judicious right and just one', further remarking 'I cannot understand the motives or views of those who have manifested so much hostility to your proceedings'. In a postscript Chambers also adds 'Major D'Urban who was with you fully concurs in my opinion and indeed so do all the officers of the Regiment whose age and experience enable them to form a correct judgement'; and Peregrine Maitland (1777-1854) British General who fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, later a Colonial Administrator serving as Governor of the Cape Colony 1844-47. An interesting A.L.S., P Maitland, four pages, 4to, Romney, Hampshire, 1st January 1848, to [Abraham Josias] Cloete. Maitland states that he is obliged to his correspondent for their letter 'and Sir H. Pottinger's proclamation against Sandille' and continues to explain that he has made use of the document in a letter to Lord Grey 'who has been pleased to affirm on the faith of Sir H. Pottinger's despatches, that I have made much too favourable representations of affairs in Kafirland, and conveyed to him very erroneous information on that subject' further reflecting 'Hence, I suppose arises one difficulty that stands in the way of my getting anything done for the officers I recommended by the Duke of Wellington's permission, for some mark of Her Majesty's favour', explaining 'Three or four times have I written, and three or four times I have seen Fitzroy Somerset on this subject, but still nothing has been done. I thought some demur might arise from the notion that to confer honours or promotion on the officers immediately under me, while I was passed over, might be considered as casting a shade on my conduct, and to obviate this, I assured Fitzroy Somerset, that I desired nothing for myself. Still nothing has been done'. Maitland further makes reference to the Cape Colony, 'The accounts I have seen from the Cape have seemed to me highly corroborative of my position that British Kafirland was virtually subjugated. If the Savages can't be provoked into any fresh hostilities after the lapse of nine months but submit to the marching of the troops through their fastnesses without attempting retaliation on the Colony, it is clear they have had enough of War and had already given in. In my despatch from Block Drifts…..I said "They are now fully convinced that though they may elude us in the bush for a time, and plunder the Colony in small parties with some success, yet when we encamp in their Country and scour it, they cannot hold out but must starve or submit." I seem to have had said this truly of them, with the exception of Landilli and his few followers…..' VG to EX, 5

EDWARD VII: (1841-1910) King of the United Kingdom 1901-10. D.S., Edward R & I, as King, at the head, one page, large oblong folio, Court at St. James's, 26th October 1905. The partially printed document approves the appointment of a French Consul General at Calcutta and states, in part, 'Whereas the President of the French Republic has by a Commission bearing date the 24th day of June 1905 appointed Mr Charles de Contonly to be Consul General at Calcutta and We having approved of this appointment……We hereby require that you do receive, countenance, and as there may be occasion, favourably assist him the said Charles de Contonly in the exercise of his office…..' Countersigned at the foot by Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice (1845-1927) 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, British Statesman who served as Viceroy and Governor General of India 1888-94 and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1900-05. With blind embossed seal. Some very light, extremely minor age wear at the folds, otherwise VGEmile Loubet (1838-1929) President of France 1899-1906.

GEORGE VI: (1895-1952) King of the United Kingdom 1936-52. D.S., George R, as King, at the head, two pages, folio, Court at St. James's, 22nd November 1947. The partially printed document, completed in typescript, is addressed to the Governor of Wakefield prison and is a remission document relating to Reginald Harold Mazonowicz who, at the Quarter Sessions held in Newcastle-under-Lyme on 30th September 1946, was 'convicted of six offences of larceny as servant and sentenced to imprisonment for six concurrent terms of twenty-one months', and in consideration of 'some circumstances humbly represented to Us' is now pardoned from the remainder of his sentence and is 'to be discharged out of custody forthwith'. Countersigned at the conclusion by James Chuter Ede (1882-1965) British Politician, Home Secretary 1945-51. With blind embossed seal to the upper left corner. VG

CASTRO FIDEL: (1926-2016) Cuban Prime Minister 1959-76 and President 1976- 2008. D.S., `Fidel Castro Ruz´, one page, folio, Presidential Palace, Havana, 7th July 1959, in Spanish. Signed by Castro in his capacity as Prime Minister. The document is dated in 1959, which they identify as `The Year of Liberation´. The typed document bears the printed heading of « Republic of Cuba -Presidency » and is issued and signed by Manuel Urrutia Lleo (1901-1981), President of Cuba from January to July 1959, and relates to the use of funds recovered from goods embezzlement for public use. By this document, a new law nº 428 is approved and orders the increase credit of the values of good in the budget, including furniture and vehicles recuperated by the new Government. Signed at the foot by Castro in his capacity as Prime Minister, also signed by Manuel Urrutia Lleo as President of Cuba, and by Rufo Lopez-Fresquet. Castro and Lopez-Fresquet have both signed their names across attractive blind embossed Cuban seals. The document also bears an affixed blue paper seal with its original blue ribbons. Three file holes to the left edge and few very small pinholes with slightly trimmed upper left edge, none of which affect the text or signatures. G to VG The present document is signed only two weeks before President Urrutia was forced to resign. On 23rd July 1959, Castro resumed his position as Premier and appointed Osvaldo Dorticos as the new President.Rufo Lopez-Fresquet (1911-1983) Cuban distinguished Economist who became Castro´s first Minister of the Treasury. In 2005, Rufo Lopez-Fresquet was portrayed in the movie The Lost City (2005)

COLLINGWOOD CUTHBERT: (1748-1810) British Vice Admiral, notable as a partner with Lord Nelson in several of the British victories during the Napoleonic Wars. An excellent collection of eight A.Ls.S. and eight Ls.S., Collingwood, thirty five pages (total), 4to and folio, at sea ('Ocean', off Cadiz), January 1806 - July 1808, to various correspondents, each of them British Consuls at Morocco, comprising James Matra, John Ross and James Green. Collingwood writes an interesting series of letters regarding British relationships with Morocco (and the role of Jews in contract negotiations for supplies) and the Emperor, also making references to the French and Spanish armies, peace negotiations in Paris etc., in part, 'I received the favour of your letter by Captain Pearse - and am much obliged by the communication of intelligence which accompanied it - you know that only a certain degree of credit is to be given to any intelligence received from the French - for besides the….whole nation….composing stories - they have an interest in deceiving us - however I ascertained their being at Teneriffe - and I have information of their movements from that time (17 Decr.)…….the story of their having captured the Magnamine's convoy was a fabrication - the Magnamine being in England and unfit for sea…….You know the fleet is always at sea - it must be at sea - and the health can only be maintained by a supply of refreshment……and trust with confidence that this important object will have its due weight and consideration with you' (A.L.S., 15th January 1806), 'I have just received and send you by the Amphion a letter from His Majesty to the Emperor of Morocco, with a great quantity of valuable articles sent by His Majesty as presents to the Emperor……The letter from Lord Castlereagh to Lord Nelson which accompanied these Packages, I am afraid was sent to England, amongst His Lordship's papers…..I hope in this negociation which is the subject of His Majesty's Letter, that a free and open use of the Country may be obtained for the Fleet as far as relates to the procuring refreshment and stock, that the exorbitant duty of 26 Dollars a head on the cattle may either be discontinued or reduced to the same terms on which the Garrison of Gibraltar is supplied……I am informed that the most friendly dispositions are entertained by the Moorish Government and the people in general towards the English, and that the difficulties to which we are principally exposed in receiving supplies proceed from the Jews who……turn every circumstance to profit, and by limiting the quantity of stock exported, raise its price to an extravagant height - perhaps these people might be softened by a proper kind of attention' (L.S. to Matra, 11th January 1806), '…..if you can procure me 4 or 5 dozen fowls, with some eggs and a few vegetables, to be forwarded by the Duchess of Bedford, I will be much obliged…..' (L.S. to Ross, 22nd April 1806), 'I have received your letter…..in which you informed me of the French mission. I will be glad if you can now tell me what the result of it was - if the nature of their business has transpired & what success they met with' (A.L.S. to Ross, 12th May 1806), 'I have received your letter…..with….the copy of your correspondence with…..the Consul of Portugal. I am very sorry when these causes of complaint occur, and am disposed to make some allowance to the Portuguese for the circumstances of the times. The influence which France has obtained in Portugal we must expect in some degree to feel the effect of……I have no doubt that had the Portuguese Consul refused the requisition of the French for a vessel to bring their people round to Tangier, it should have been alleged against him as a high offence……I have great satisfaction in hearing that the French did not obtain the object of their mission' (L.S. to Ross, 15th May 1806), 'You arrive, Sir, at a period when there happily exists the most perfect harmony and good understanding with the Emperor, and with the Barbary states in general……I have on all occasions endeavoured to introduce to their consideration (the Moors) how much they have to apprehend of danger to the tranquillity of their Country by the extension of the French power' (L.S. to Green, 15th July 1806), 'I have received the favour of your letter informing me of the rights of neutrality of the Barbary coast by some of the Spanish Privateers... but if they were put a stop to by authority - or granting passports to Spanish vessels - the spirit of that coasting warfare would be damped - and it is certainly very advantageous to Gibraltar - as it employs a great number of Ruffians who would otherwise be acting against us' (A.L.S. to Green, 31st July 1806), 'The most material business we have with him (the Emperor of Morocco) is the obtaining supplies, which we now do in abundance, but at a most enormous price…..I am led to believe the high duty demanded of us is an extortion by the Jews and others who are engaged in the contract…..I have not heard from England since the beginning of August, but have little expectation of any favourable termination of the negociation at Paris' (L.S. to Green, 14th September 1806), 'I have received your letter……and am sorry to find the Emperor should have been less accommodating than you had reason to expect……but I am afraid remonstrating with him on the subject will not avail us & on the contrary……Lord Lauderdale was still at Paris, but with little hope of Peace' (L.S. to Green, 14th October 1806), '…..the Emperor and his Governors are not very liberal of any thing but fair promises - but they are a people who will always require a certain address to manage - and what we get - and is so necessary to us, is only to be done by yielding a little to their caprices….. (A.L.S. to Green, 17th November 1806), 'I am glad to hear from Captain Hornby that Ash Ash is coming to Tangier. He has ever shown a disposition of kindness towards the English…..When you visit him I will beg you to remonstrate with him against the assembling of……privateers & Gun Vessels at Tangier - where I am told ten or a dozen of them lie at a time waiting the opportunity to seize upon the English traders - which I consider as a breach of neutrality - at least not giving that security to the Ports of the Empire which friends expect to find……' (A.L.S. to Green, 6th December 1806), 'The news from Cadiz is at this time very interesting as their fleet seems to be in motion and preparing for sea. Whatever you can collect relative to them, particularly if troops are embarked, and what number - I will be much obliged to you for. I am very glad to hear the governor Ash Ash seized on the Privateers which took the Bullock vessel - and beg you will assure him that on our part the strictest regard shall be paid to the neutrality of the Emperor's dominions' (A.L.S. to Green, 14th February 1807), 'The Spanish Army is so much in want of the Horses and Mules which Captain Bullen was sent to Tangier to endeavour to procure permission to export from Barbary, that I have sent the Redwing over to know how the negociation goes on, and whether there is much probability of its finally succeeding' (L.S. to Green, 1st July 1808), 'The application……was communicated to me…..when we were at war with Spain - and the French threatening to get a possession in the Emperor's dominion. It was due from the intimate connexion, and our friendship with the Emperor, to avert so great a danger to his state - and if possible to find him in possession of a plan which would have afforded causes for his Enemy (the French) to annoy him as they have done all other states... (A.L.S. to Green, 18th July 1808), 'I am perfectly of your opinion that it is very doubtful whether the Emperor will allow the Spaniards to have anything from his country…… (A.L.S. to Green, 26th July 1808). A fine collection of letters featuring good content. Some light overall age wear and very minor creasing, generally VG, 16

GRETCHANINOV ALEXANDER: (1864-1956) Russian Composer. An unusual signed and corrected proof copy of the sheet music for Gretchaninov's composition Herbst (Op.11), twenty-six pages, folio, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, 30th August 1929. The sheet music, printed in green and white and on unbound pages, with words in German and Cyrillic, feature over fifty holograph corrections by the composer, many to the white borders. Signed by Gretchaninov to the head of the first page at the conclusion of a note, in French, advising of his address in Saint-Jean-de-Luz and, after the 12th September, in Paris. Also with the oval rubber stamp of the publisher to the head of the first page. Rare in this form. Together with a manuscript copy (unsigned and in an unidentified hand) of Gretchaninov's String Quartet No. 4 in F major (Op.124), seventy-four pages, folio, boldly penned in fountain pen ink on printed manuscript paper (unbound). Some light overall age wear, about VG, 2

PIUS VII: (1742-1823) Pope of the Roman Catholic Church 1800-23. Born Count Barnaba Niccolo Maria Luigi Chiaramonti. An excellent manuscript L.S., `Pius PP VII´, as Pope, one page, oblong folio, 16 x 10, Rome, 17th December 1819, to Archbishop of Messina, Antonio Maria Trigona, in Latin. The cleanly written and attractive document being the appointment of Antonio Maria Trigona as new Archbishop of Caesarea. Countersigned by Cardinal Secretary of State Consalvi Ercole. With blank integral leaf. Several vertical folds, scattered light spotting, and a few wrinkles, otherwise in fine condition. About VG

[HOUSE OF EMPEROR]: A curious document issued by the Grand Chamberlain, at the service of the Emperor Napoleon I and King´s House, one page, folio, Paris, October 1813, in French. The partially printed document, bearing the heading ''House of H.M. the Emperor and King - Service of the Grand-Chamberlain'', reports on the expenses approved. The expenses being the allocation to attend the rental of the chamber secretary, for Mr. Dequeranvillere, for the chamber accounting expenses, and for Isabey as `Cabinet Designer´. The document bears the total amount approved per year , per month, and the amount to pay on this date. Paper with attractive watermark. VG Jean-Baptiste Isabey (1767-1855) French Painter. Isabey was patronized by Napoleon Bonaparte and Josephine and was in charge of their ceremony of coronation.

CHARLES VI: (1685-1740) Holy Roman Emperor 1711-40. He succeeded his elder brother Joseph I. His daughter Maria Theresa was the last direct Habsburg Sovereign. A good and unusual L.S., `Yo el Rey´, one page, folio, Vienna, 16th August 1730, to Count of Harrach, in Spanish. The Emperor approves the content of the letter received from his correspondent in June, related to the Pope and to an Abbey grant, stating in part `..the Papal bull given by the late Pontiff Benedict XIII, presented and obtained by Domingo Perrelli, Duke of Monasterace and his son Felipe with the grant for him and his successors of the secular Jus Patronato of the Abbey of St. Maria a capella of that city..´ The documents bears at the base several countersignatures, including the Emperor Secretary Bermudez de la Torre. With address leaf bearing an attractive paper seal affixed bearing the Royal seal of “Carolus VI, Emperor of the Spanish Sicily”. Overall age wear and creasing, mostly to edges, with small area of paper loss to the right bottom corner, only affecting two countersignatures. F to GAloys Thomas Raimund, Count of Harrach (1669-1742) Austrian Politician and Diplomat. Counselor of State, Envoy of the Austrian Emperor in Spain, and Viceroy of the Kingdom of Naples 1728-33. Knight of the distinguished order of the golden fleece.Pope Benedict XIII (1649-1730) born Pietro Francesco Orsini. Head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States 1724-30. The Emperor refers to the deceased Pope, who passed away in February 1730, only few months before the present letter was written. Benedict XIII, a Dominican friar with no political knowledge, relied on his unscrupulous secretary, Cardinal Niccolo Coscia, whose financial abuses ruined the Papal treasury.

SAINT-ANDRÉ JEAN BON: (1749-1813) French Politician during the French Revolution. President of the National Convention in 1793 during the Reign of Terror. A good and very attractive D.S., `Jean Bon St. André´, two pages, folio, Brest, 29th April 1794, in French. The partially printed document bears a very attractive French revolutionary large vignette, with the printed text "Vivre Libre ou Mourir - Droits de l´Homme", ("Live Free or Die - Human´s Rights"), and the printed heading "Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité au Nom du Peuple Francais". Saint-André as representative of the people, approves a decree containing four articles referring to the manufacture of a ship at Le Havre, to the caulkers, working conditions, etc.. Signed in bold black ink at the conclusion by Saint-André, with two countersignatures below. Some light overall age wear and creasing, mostly to edges. Otherwise G

BARDOT BRIGITTE: (1934- ) French Actress & Sex Symbol. Unusual A.L.S., `Brigitte Bardot´, also signed `B.B´ at the conclusion, one page, folio, blue paper, Saint Tropez, June 2006, on her personal printed stationery, La Madrague - Saint Tropez, to Gerard Leman, in French. Alongside the written text Bardot has drawn a large flower to the right border. Bardot sends an activist manifesto in favour of animals rights, which she entitles `The Dehumanization of Human Being´, stating in part `They share with us this life on earth since the dawn of time, they hide.. they have become products for us, and yet when we are alone, we strain our hearts towards them… and we receive back the kindness without hate..´ further saying `All the magnificent animals that we kill, knowing that the day they will not exist anymore, when only men will remain on earth,,´ A letter of good content. EX

CHAMPIONNET JEAN-ETIENNE: (1762-1800) French General of the Revolutionary Wars. Commander in Chief of the Army of Italy. Championnet died of typhus at the early age of 37. A good A.L.S., `Championnet´, a bold and large signature, one page, folio, Munster Maienfeld, 14th December 1796, to General Kleber, in French. The letter bears the printed heading of the “Sambre & Meuse Army - Championnet General of Division”. Championnet forwards to General Kleber on a separate document a copy of the orders given to the troops stating `You will find enclosed, my dear General, the instructions given to the troops in case of enemy attack, as you requested to me in your letter. If you consider that some changes should be done, please report them to me..´ Together with a L.S., signed by Championnet´s adjutant, being a copy of his orders to the troops, two pages, folio, same place and date of Championnet´s autograph letter. The document is a detailed military letter, recommending all steps to take and tactical moves in case of an enemy attack. Paper with attractive watermark. Overall age wear, mostly to the upper and lower edges. G, 2 Jean-Baptiste Kleber (1753-1800) French General during the French Revolutionary wars and architect. After having served one year in the French Royal army, he entered the Habsburg service seven years later. Kleber served in the War of the First Coalition and also suppressed the Vendée revolt. He returned to military service to accompany Napoleon in the Egyptian campaign. When Napoleon returned to Paris, he appointed Kleber as commander of the French forces. He was assassinated by a student in Cairo in 1800.

HENRY III: (1551-1589) King of France 1574-89 and King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1573-75. Assassinated. L.S., Henry, one page, folio, Camp at (? place name indecipherable), 10th December 1587, to Cardinal Dancelot, in French. The manuscript letter states, in part, 'His Excellency the Cardinal Mario Bandini, Gentleman Ordinary of My Chamber, who piously went to war in Tours, has asked me to come and see you in person and let you know that, by the Grace of God, I have dissipated the great foreign army and removed it from my kingdom. I do not doubt that you are as grateful as the Regent for the good and loyal services rendered by the Cardinal, for the glory of God and the propagation of our Catholic, Apostolic and Roman religion'. Countersigned at the foot by Nicolas IV de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy (1543-1617) French Secretary of State, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1567-88 & 1594-1616, the most distinguished of all sixteenth-century French secretaries. With manuscript address panel to the verso and the very minor remnants of the seal. Some very light overall foxing, very slightly frayed edges, two paperclip rust stains to the upper edge and two tape stains to the lower edge. About VG

RUDOLF II: (1552-1612) Holy Roman Emperor 1576-1612. A good L.S., `Rudolphus´, two pages, folio, Prague, 18th March 1597, to Viscount & Bishop Alfonso, serving in Transylvania under "our dear and beloved neighbour and Prince, in Latin. Rudolf II states in part `We do send to the assembly, summoned by Your Illustrious Prince of Transylvania, our appreciated relative, reverend Martin Pethe de Hettes, bishop of Varad, Adam Gallo Poppel, Baron Lobkowitz.. our noble and loyal councillors, to who we give power mandate on our behalf…´, further referring to the Pope, stating `..expecting that this will help to reach common progress on His Holiness matter with Christians..´ Countersigned by Iohan W. Reymand and by Iohan Barunstins. With attractive cleanly written address leaf, bearing a large Royal paper seal affixed. Bounded with lace to the inside of a larger blank folding paper sleeve, easily removable. VG

[WONGSA DHIRAJ SNID]: (1808-1871) Prince of Siam, a physician and diplomat known as the Doctor Prince. Wongsa Dhiraj Snid was an early adopter of Western-style medicine who served as royal physician during the reigns of his half-brothers King Rama III and King Rama IV. Autograph Letter, unsigned, in the third person (in the hand of a clerk), two pages, folio, Palace of the Former Kings, 1st November 1856, to Captain Drought of the Honourable East India Company's steamer Auckland. The Prince presents his compliments to Drought and informs him 'that in accordance with his request H.R.H. has ordered the Siamese steamer to be in readiness at the British Consulate tomorrow night', further adding 'The Siamese Government have given orders to have the officers of the H.C. Steamer Auckland supplied with fruit - in addition to which H.R.H. Prince Kromma Luang Wongsa begs Capt. Drought to accept for himself from His Highness a trifling token of his friendship, a present of fifty pomelows & two hundred sweet oranges'. With blank integral leaf. Accompanied by a rare example of the original red silk purse (which served as an envelope), with just a few small minor remnants of the original address label, bearing a few ink letters, and with the original silk drawstring to which small parts of the seal are still affixed. Some light foxing, minor age wear and a few minor tears and small areas of paper loss, G