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An 18/19th Century Yew and Elm Stick Back Windsor Armchair having solid seat, on round turned legs with H-stretcher

A VICTORIAN GOLD STICK PIN OF PARROT DESIGN

A shield shaped advertising sign Stroud Breweries, 61cm x 45.75cm (24"x 18") and a Phillips Stick-a-Soles and Heels advertisement, 31cm (12.25") high Addition of a bus stop sign

AN EARLY 20TH CENTURY AUSTRIAN PAINTED TERRACOTTA FIGURE of a young shepherdess, wearing an ornamental scarf and a fringed shawl over a simple dress, a water bottle around her neck, a wooden stick in her right hand, on a naturalistic base, impressed No 339, 61cms high.

Mallaca cane walking stick with pull-out sword, the decorative blade marked Wilkinson, London, 36" long

17th/18th century brass frying pan chamberstick, 8.25" long; together with a later brass frying pan taper stick (2)

Late 17th century English brass taper stick with a knop stem and circular base, 4.75" high

Early 18th century English brass taper stick with a knopped stem and octagonal base, 4.5" high (small repair)

Pewter round based taper stick, with natures gilding, indistinct mark under stem, 3.5"

Primitive wooden walking stick, the handle carved as a swan, 39" high overall

A walnut cistern tube stick barometer Bearing signature for Henry Wynne, London, late 17th century With cross-grain moulded ogee outline arched pediment above caddy moulded panel veneered case now applied with silvered herringbone border and foliate engraved two-part break-arch scale annotated for Sumer and Winter, with sliding brass pointer and bearing signature Henry Wynne to lower edge above exposed tube and shaped tapered base with two-part ogee moulded half-round cistern cover with detachable upper half, 103cm high, B.C. Ref. 1. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 14. Henry Wynne is recorded by Banfield as working near the Sugar Loaf, Chancery Lane, London 1654-1709 and is thought to have been the first English maker to have made and sold barometers in any number. A series of plugged holes to the case behind the register plates may indicate that the plates may well be replacements however the general form and design of the case would suggest a date of around 1680.

A William & Mary walnut cistern tube stick barometer in the manner of John Patrick Unsigned, circa 1695. With arched pediment and fretwork upright flanked by twist turned columns above silvered herringbone border and foliate engraved two-part break-arch scale with brass setting pointer above cavetto moulded throat and exposed tube flanked by crossbanded veneers and cavetto moulded edge above fretwork flared side panels and half-round ring-turned cistern cover with ogee moulded underside, 120cm high, B.C. Ref. 2. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 17. The decorative hood superstructure which incorporates spiral twist columns emulates the design of longcase clock from the end of the 17th century and bears similarities to examples depicted in John Patricks advertisement of circa 1710 reproduced in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 page 48. Although this configuration appeared to be popular well into the first two decades of the 18th century, Banfield suggests (BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 18) that the use of fretwork in the case indicates a date prior to 1700.

A rare and important Queen Anne walnut cistern tube stick barometer with Royal Society scale thermometer Attributed to Stephen Davenport or John Patrick, London, circa 1715. The ogee caddy top pediment with three giltwood ball finials above cavetto moulded cornice and rectangular herringbone border engraved silvered scales with brass setting pointer and annoted for summer and winter conditions and inscribed Fair if Rise and Foul if Fall, flanked by pilasters with gilt capitals and bases above cavetto moulded throat moulding with inverted acorn gilt pendant finials, the trunk applied with alcohol thermomer with (restored) paper scale calibrated from 0 at the top down to 90 and with annotations from Extream Cold to Extream Hot flanked by vertical cross-grain cavetto mouldings to sides and with half dome above waisted cylinder turned cistern cover also enclosing thermometer bulb and with conforming gilt pendant finial to base, 99cm high, B.C. Ref. 7. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 32 and on the front cover. Also illustrated in Edward, Ralph DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH FURNITURE Vol. 1, page 11, fig. 4. Provenance: Thorpe & Foster Ltd, 49 West Street, Dorking advertised in APOLLO magazine, December 1973 from the collection of Mr R.A. Leckie. Stephen Davenport is recorded by Banfield as working Against the Distillers in High Holborn, near Drury Lane London 1720-37. A fragment of one of his adverts (included with the Lot) was found behind the cistern during restoration enabling a probable attribution to be made. However a remarkably similar instrument signed I. Patrick, London, currently housed at the National Maritime Museum is illustrated and described in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers page 202. These two instruments essentially only differ in the detail design of the pediments and the fact that the finials are made from gilt brass rather than giltwood on the National Maritime Museum example. The engraved decoration to the scales is essentially identical. Therefore it may be reasonable to surmise that Stephen Davenport may well have been the retailer of the current Lot which was supplied to him by John Patrick. A third similar unsigned instrument with an identical ogee caddy top and cistern cover to the current Lot but with break-arch scales and differing silvered scale thermometers to the trunk is illustrated and described in Claxton Stevens, Christopher and Whittington, Stewart 18TH CENTURY ENGLISH FURNITURE, THE NORMAN ADAMS COLLECTION, page 163. The Royal Society scale thermometer was devised by Robert Hook in 1664 and was calibrated to every degree representing an increase of 1/500 in volume of the thermometer liquid. The scale used the freezing point of water as the fixed point and was scaled from high to low with the increase of temperature. As the rate of expansion of the alcohol varied between instruments, each scale had to be individually made for the instrument. The current Lot has an accurately restored paper scale as the original had almost entirely worn away. Hooks original thermometer was adopted and became known as the standard of Gresham College and used by the Royal Society until 1709.

A fine George II mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Edward Scarlett, London, circa 1740. The arch-top caddy moulded case with silvered vernier scale and bayonet shaped tube above trunk applied with tall arched silvered scale mercury thermometer signed Scarlett Fecit to upper edge calibrated in unusual units with 0 rated as temperate and with sliding brass pointer above shaped base with spiral volute turned inverted vase shaped cistern cover which also conceals thermometer bulb, 91cm high, B.C. Ref. 6. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 43. Edward Scarlett is recorded by Banfield as born circa 1688 and died in 1743. He worked from the sign of Archimedes and Globe, near St Anns Church, Soho, London from circa 1700 and, according to a trade card, was Optician to King George II. The thermometer scale does not seem to conform to any known recognised units from this period and may have been devised by Edward Scarlett for use on his own instruments. The work of Edward Scarlett is further described in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 237-239.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer James Ayscough, London, circa 1755. The arched exposed silvered scale with vernier and signed Ayscough London applied to the straight caddy moulded case with exposed tube and orb shaped cistern cover to the rounded base, 92cm high, B.C. Ref. 12. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 52. James Ayscough is recorded by Banfield as working in London circa 1732-63. The work of Aynscough is described in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Section II Some Important Makers and Retailers page 131 who cites that he was probably primarily a maker of optical instruments but stocked barometers and thermometers. A fine carved mahogany portable stick barometer is in the Victoria & Albert Museum.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer George Burton, London, circa 1775. With arched top silvered scale with vernier signed Burton London set into the full-width case with exposed tube and orb shaped cistern cover, 94cm high, B.C. Ref. 13. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 64. George Burton is recorded by Banfield as working from 13 High St. Borough, Southwark, London circa 1772-1815, he was a notable instrument maker who supplied two portable barometers, six thermometers, a theodolite, level and a Gunters chain to the Navy Board for Captain James Cooks second voyage of discovery in 1772.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer John Bird, London, circa 1760 Now with elaborate break-arch pediment and three ball finials above break-arch silvered vernier scale signed J. Bird, London and with applied brass dome cover to arch, flanked by turned pilasters above cavetto moulded throat and exposed tube to the conforming moulded trunk, the shaped base with ovoid cistern cover and swollen finial beneath, 112cm, high, B.C. Ref. 14. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube pages 52 and 53. John Bird is recorded by Banfield as being born in Durham 1709 and dying in 1776. He moved to London in 1740 and worked for George Graham and Jonathan Sisson. He is known to have been operating from his premises At the Sea Quadrant, Court Gardens, Strand by 1744. He published a Treatise relating to his method of dividing astronomical instruments in 1767 and generally became highly regarded due to his work relating to the improvement of the accuracy of the scales on astronomical and other instruments. The current example originally would have had a bulb at the top of the tube (protected behind the brass dome cover) which would help to reduce the effects that any air percolating through the mercury would have on the vacuum above the column.

A fine George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer with hygrometer or Triple Weather Glass Benjamin Martin, London, circa 1760. The arched top case with leaf carved surround for the inset herringbone border engraved vernier scale with arched hygrometer scale above Fahrenheit and Reaumur mercury thermometer and signed B. Martin, London, the caddy moulded trunk with scroll carved edges to throat and exposed tube above hemispherical cistern cover mounted onto the scroll edged rounded base, 94cm high, B.C. Ref. 18. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube pages 58 and 59. Benjamin Martin is recorded by Banfield as working 1756-82. He was a prolific writer and produced many books on differing scientific subjects and in 1755 launched a monthly magazine called General Magazine of the Arts and Sciences which ran until 1765. He is thought to be the first maker to incorporate a hygrometer into a barometer with a thermometer and marketed the instrument as Triple Weather Glass. The hygrometer utilises a length of gut (which expands or contracts with variations in humidity) linked to a rack and pulley rather than the usual oat beard found on later hygrometers. The work of Benjamin Martin is further described in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 179-185. Goodison illustrates a very similar example to the current Lot (plates 120 and 121) a well as reproductions of similar scale layouts from Martins original publications (plates 118 and 119).

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Unsigned, circa 1765. With broken pediment above caddy moulded case inset with silvered vernier register above exposed tube to trunk and inverted vase shaped cistern cover to the shaped base, 94cm high, B.C. Ref. 20. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 66.

A fine George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer with whalebone hygrometer and ivory cistern float Dollond, London, circa 1770. The swan neck pedimented case with circular silvered scale whalebone hygrometer above glazed silvered vernier scale with Fahrenheit mercury thermometer and signed Dollond, London above caddy moulded trunk with brass vernier adjustment disc and concealed tube, the base with demi-lune section cistern cover incorporating turned ivory float, 111cm high, B.C. Ref. 21. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 66. Peter Dollond is recorded by Banfield as born 1730 and died 1820. He was the son of John Dollond, a Huguenot silk weaver, and started business as an optician at the age of twenty in 1750. He was joined by his father in 1752 until the latters death in 1761 and then by his brother, John, until his death in 1804. The family business was continued by Peter Dollonds nephew, George Huggins, who subsequently changed his surname to Dollond. Peter Dollond was appointed optician to George III and the Duke of York and the workshop was renowned for producing high quality instruments. This particular instrument has survived in fine original condition and exhibits the fine crisp quality for which the workshop became famous. See Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 141-143 for further details of work from the Dollond family workshop.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer with hygrometer Henry Pyefinch, London, circa 1770. With triangular pediment above circular hygrometer set into herringbone border engraved silvered vernier scale signed PYEFINCH, LONDON, the cockbeaded trunk with Fahrenheit mercury thermometer above half-reeded hemispherical cistern cover to the rounded base, 101cm high, B.C. Ref. 22. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 69. Henry Pyefinch is recorded by Banfield as working 1763-90, he was apprenticed to Francis Watkins in 1753 and became freeman of the Spectaclemakers Company in 1793. In conjunction with J.H. de Magellan, a Portuguese scientist, he patented an instrument to measure the effect of the weight of the atmosphere and the variations caused by temperature. Further details of Pyefinchs work can be found in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 204 and 205. A fine carved mahogany barometer with similar layout of hygrometer and thermometer is in the Victoria & Albert Museum.

A fine and rare George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer with protective case Troughton, London, circa 1770. With arch glazed silvered vernier register with Fahrenheit mercury thermometer and signed Troughton, London above full-width caddy moulded trunk incorporating silvered sleeve vernier adjustment lever and enclosed tube above rounded base with domed cistern cover, 92cm high, with rectangular hinged-front case to cover up to just below the scale, 101cm high overall, B.C. Ref. 23. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 71. Edward Troughton senior is recorded by Banfield as working circa 1740-60, he was primarily a calibrater and engraver of instruments. He was joined circa 1760 by his nephew, John, who then went into partnership with a younger brother named Joseph 1764-70. After Josephs death in 1770 Edward junior joined the firm, inheriting the business on Johns death in 1804. The business continued forming partnerships and mergers with other firms throughout the 19th century. The current lot demonstrates the high quality of finish often found on instruments made by the Troughton family, the engraving to the silvered register is particularly fine. Further details regarding the work of the Troughton family can be found in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 259-260.

A George III brass inlaid mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Edward Nairne, London, circa 1780. With arched top silvered scale with vernier and signed Nairne, London set into the full-width caddy moulded case with exposed tube flanked by brass line panel inlay, the square base with foliate motif centred box cistern cover, 92cm high, B.C. Ref. 25. Illustrated by Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 74. Edward Nairne is recorded by Banfield as being born in 1726 and died in 1806, he was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1776. He is credited for inventing an improved form of marine barometer which had a section of narrow bore to the tube to dampen the movement of mercury within the instrument. Nairnes work is further described in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 188-89.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Nairne & Blunt, London, circa 1785. With arched top silvered scale with vernier and signed Nairne & Blunt, LONDON set into the full-width caddy moulded case, with exposed tube and egg shaped cistern cover, 90cm high, B.C. Ref. 26. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 75. Nairne & Blunt are recorded by Banfield as being established in 1774 on formation of the partnership between the renowned instrument maker Edward Nairne and his apprentice Thomas Blunt. Both traded under their own names during this period and the partnership appears to have been dissolved by 1793 when Blunt had been joined in business by his son. The partnership is further described in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 186-7.

A fine George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Dollond, London, circa 1770. With broken pediment above inset silvered vernier register signed Dollond, London above caddy moulded trunk with exposed tube and rounded base with orb shaped cistern cover, 100cm high, B.C. Ref. 27. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 75. Peter Dollond is recorded by Banfield as born 1730 and died 1820. He was the son of John Dollond, a Huguenot silk weaver, and started business as an optician at the age of twenty in 1750. He was joined by his father in 1752 until the latters death in 1761 and then by his brother, John, until his death in 1804. The family business was continued by Peter Dollonds nephew, George Huggins, who subsequently changed his surname to Dollond. Peter Dollond was appointed optician to George III and the Duke of York and the workshop was renowned for producing high quality instruments. This particular instrument has survived in fine original condition and exhibits the fine crisp quality for which the workshop became famous. See Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 141-143 for further details of work from the Dollond family workshop.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer with A Perpetual Almanac Watkins, London, circa 1780. With broken pediment above silvered panel inscribed A Perpetual Almanac with movable Days of the Week sector beside fixed Days of the Month grid and movable Month of ... Days aperture, each being adjusted in order to give the correct calendar for any given month via two squares to lower edge of the plate, the silvered vernier barometer scale with Fahrenheit alcohol thermometer and signed Watkins, London above caddy moulded trunk with exposed tube flanked by angled crossbanded veneers and ebony stringing, with orb shaped cistern cover to the rounded base, 111cm high, B.C. Ref. 28. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 78. Francis Watkins is recorded by Banfield as working from the sign of Sir Isaac Newtons Head, 5 Charing Cross, London 1747-84. He is best known for his angle barometers which incorporate a Perpetual Regulation of Time. After his death in 1784 the firm was continued by his nephews Jeremiah and Walter Watkins. See Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 269-280 for further details of work by the Watkins family and associates.

A fine George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer George Adams, London, circa 1780. With broken pediment above inset silvered vernier scale with Fahrenheit mercury thermometer and signed G. ADAMS, Fleet Street, LONDON to upper edge, the caddy moulded trunk with exposed tube, with orb shaped cistern cover to the rounded base, 96cm high, B.C. Ref. 30. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 77. George Adams junior is recorded by Banfield as being apprenticed to his father (also called George) in 1765 and taking over the family business at 60 Fleet Street, London on his fathers death in 1773. He continued in his fathers tradition of producing outstanding instruments and became instrument maker to George III and optician to the Prince of Wales. He died in 1795 leaving the business to his younger brother, Dudley, who operated until his death in 1826. Further information regarding the Adams family and their work can be found in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 116-129.

A George III oak bulb cistern tube stick barometer Dominick Manticha, London, circa 1780. With shallow cavetto moulded cornice above arch top glazed foliate decorated paper scale signed Manticha Fecit, LONDON with simple brass pointer and flanked by turned pilasters, the plain trunk with concealed tube above longcase clock form plinth base enclosing the cistern, 93cm high, B.C. Ref. 33. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 85. Dominick Manticha is recorded by Banfield as working from 11 Ely Court, Holborn, London 1781-1805. The paper scale utilises the same basic print as the scale signed A. Routledge used on Lot 139).

A George III parquetry strung mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer William Hardy, London, circa 1810. With broken pediment above shaped foliate engraved silvered scale with vernier, mercury tube Fahrenheit thermometer and signed Hardy, 171 Holborn, London behind shaped glazed door, the caddy moulded trunk with exposed tube flanked by book-matched veneers and parquetry strung borders, with brass button centred domed cistern cover to the rounded base, 95cm high, B.C. Ref. 41. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 96. William Hardy is recorded by Banfield as working from 171 Holborn, London 1800-30.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Thomas Blunt, London, circa 1800. With arched top silvered scale with vernier and signed Blunt, London set into the full-width case with exposed tube flanked by angled crossbanded veneers and ebony line edge border, the base with egg shaped cistern cover, 93cm high, B.C. Ref. 42. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 100. Thomas Blunt is recorded by Banfield as working circa 1760 until he died in 1822, he became instrument maker to George III probably as recognition for the work done with the Portuguese scientist J.H. de Magellan in developing his new type of barometer. Blunts work is further described by Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 136 and 137.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Jones, London, circa 1810. With swan neck pediment above glazed front silvered scale with vernier and signed Jones 241 Oxford Strt, LONDON, the caddy moulded trunk with ivory vernier adjustment disc, arched Fahrenheit alcohol thermometer and ebony strung borders, the base with moulded circular cistern cover, 96cm high, B.C. Ref. 45. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 101. Jones & Co are recorded by Banfield as working from 241 Oxford St, London, circa 1800-21.

A William IV mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Henry Hughes, London, circa 1835. With arched pediment above glazed front silvered vernier scale with Fahrenheit and Reaumur scale mercury thermometer and signed H. Hughes 120 Fenchurch Strt LONDON, the trunk with exposed tube and vernier adjustment square above rounded base with shallow dome cistern cover, 95cm high, B.C. Ref. 50. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 108. Henry Hughes is recorded by Banfield as working from 120 Fenchurch Street, London circa 1830-76.

A George III mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer reputedly once the property of William Wordsworth Thomas Rubergall, London, circa 1825. With arch-top caddy moulded case inset with an arched silvered scale with brass vernier and signed Thos Rubergall, 24 Coventry Str.t., LONDON above trunk with exposed tube flanked by canted crossbanded veneers above orb shaped cistern cover to the rounded base, 91cm high, B.C. Ref. 52. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 109. Thomas Rubergall is recorded by Banfield as working from 24 Coventry Street, London 1802-54. He was optician and mathematical instrument maker to the Duke of Clarence and optician to King George III. Provenance: by repute purchased at the sale of effects from Wordsworths home Rydal Mount, Ambleside after his death in 1850, the barometer was then bought by Mr R Kellett from an old couple at Grasmere and was then sold in an auction of the effects of the late Mrs Kellett of Oak Street, Windermere (held at the Windermere Institute on February 19th 1919) to Harger Brothers of Ribblesdake House, Settle. Harger Brothers in turn sold the barometer to a Mr T.M. Gray of Bel Hill House, Giggleswick. Edwin Banfield purchased the barometer from a dealer along with the series of copy letters of provenance which are included with the Lot.

A Regency mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer Caesar Tagliabue, London, circa 1830. With broken pediment above silvered scale with vernier, Fahrenheit scale alcohol thermometer and signed C. Tagliabue, 23 Hatton Garden, London behind glazed door above caddy moulded trunk with exposed tube flanked by angled crossbanded veneers, the rounded base with turned domed cistern cover, 97cm high, B.C. Ref. 60. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 117. Caesar Tagliabue is recorded by Banfield as working from 23 Hatton Garden 1829-46.

A George III parquetry strung mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer Negretty & Co, London, circa 1820. With broken pediment and pineapple finial above silvered scale with vernier, mercury tube Fahrenheit thermometer and signed Negretty & Co FECIT, London behind glazed door, the caddy moulded trunk with exposed tube flanked by book-matched veneers and parquetry strung borders, with domed cistern cover to the rounded base, 99cm high, B.C. Ref. 61. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 117. Negretty & Co are recorded by Banfield as working circa 1820-40.

A fine early Victorian carved mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Watkins & Hill, London, circa 1850. The case with elaborate shield centred foliate carved top incorporating glazed front angled silvered scales with vernier, Fahrenheit and Reaumur scale mercury thermometer and signed WATKINS & HILL, 5 Charing Cross, London above rocaille decorated throat and ribbon tied foliate festoon carved trunk with vernier setting disc and ivy leaf trails to sides, the shaped base with basket of profuse fruiting foliage relief decorated cistern cover, 105cm high, B.C. Ref. 63. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 118. The partnership of Watkins and Hill is recorded by Banfield as working in London 1819-57.

A Victorian rosewood cistern tube stick barometer Negretti & Zambra for W. Lund, London, circa 1850. With arched top glazed front ivory scale with vernier opposing a Fahrenheit and Reaumur scale mercury thermometer and signed W. LUND, 23 & 24 FLEET STRT, LONDON above exposed tube and ivory vernier adjustment disc to trunk, the rounded base with orb shaped cistern cover, 94cm high, B.C. Ref. 64. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 124. W. Lund is recorded by Banfield as working from 23 & 24 Fleet Street, London 1840-60. A paper instruction label applied to the rear of the case indicates that this barometer was made by Negretti & Zambra.

A fine William IV/early Victorian mahogany slender bowfronted cistern tube stick barometer William Holmes, London, circa 1840 With stepped and moulded pediment above angled ivory scale with vernier signed WM HOLMES, LONDON behind curved glass, the slender trunk with vernier adjustment screw, Fahrenheit scale mercury thermometer and ebony edge stringing above half-urn shaped ebonised cistern cover to the shaped panel base, 97cm high, B.C. Ref. 66. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 121. William Holmes is recorded by Banfield as working circa 1835-55 and was probably a descendent of the noteworthy late 18th century clockmaker John Holmes.

A Victorian oak cistern tube stick barometer Elliott Brothers, circa 1870. With arched white ceramic register signed ELLIOTT BROS, 449 STRAND, LONDON and simple setting pointer above full-width caddy moulded trunk with exposed tube and moulded D-shaped cistern cover, 92cm high, B.C. Ref. 69. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 126. Elliott Brothers are recorded by Banfield as working from 449 Strand 1864-86.

A Victorian walnut bulb cistern tube agricultural stick barometer L. Casella, London, circa 1865. With arch top above glazed paper scale inscribed AGRICULTURAL BAROMETER, COMPENSATING, L. CASELLA Fecit, LONDON and simple sliding pointer to the exposed tube, with slender trunk and moulded rectangular cistern cover to base, the rear applied with INSTRUCTIONS AND REMARKS paper, 86cm high, B.C. Ref. 70. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 129. Louis Pascal Casella is recorded by Banfield as working from 1858, Casella became one of the largest makers of barometers in England and still traded throughout the 20th century.

A Victorian oak cistern tube Patent Farmers stick barometer Negretti & Zambra, London, circa 1865. With moulded top above ceramic scale with vernier and wet and dry bulb Fahrenheit scale mercury thermometers and inscribed FARMERS BAROMETER PATENT NO.255 NEGRETTI & ZAMBRA, OPTICIANS TO HER MAJESTY, 1 HATTON GARDEN E.C., 122 REGENT ST. W. & 89 CORNHILL E.C. LONDON, with exposed tube to trunk and cavetto moulded lower moulding to the square base with moulded cistern cover, 97cm high, B.C. Ref. 74. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube pages 132 and 133. The renowned and prolific firm of Negretti & Zambra is recorded by Banfield as being established in circa 1850 when Enrico Negretti and Joseph Warren Zambra formed a partnership. The business rapidly expanded to become one of the leading barometer manufacturers of the 19th century.

A Victorian oak cistern tube stick barometer James Henry Steward, London, circa 1875. The arched top ivory scale with vernier and Fahrenheit mercury thermometer and signed J.H. STEWARD, 406 & 66 STRAND, 54 CORNHILL, LONDON above trunk with exposed tube and shield shaped base with moulded circular cistern cover, 91cm high, B.C. Ref. 77. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 135. James Henry Steward is recorded by Banfield as working from 1857.

A Victorian oak cistern tube stick barometer with double scale James Steward, London, circa 1875. With stepped moulded pediment above bevel glazed front angled ivory double scale with verniers signed J.H. STEWARD, 54 CORNHILL, LONDON and further inscribed with Admiral Fitzroys observations above slender trunk with two vernier adjustment discs and Fahrenheit scale mercury thermometer, the rounded base with circular moulded cistern cover, 93cm high, B.C. Ref. 78. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 135. James Henry Steward is recorded by Banfield as working from 54 Cornhill, London 1867-92, a prolific maker of all types of barometer during the second half of the 19th century.

A rare early Victorian oak combined stick and wheel barometer Nathaniel Whitehouse, London, circa 1850. The bowfronted glazed silvered scale with vernier flanked by side scrolls above brass vernier adjustment disc and 8 inch circular silvered register calibrated in inches and signed N. Whitehouse 2 Cranbourn Str. Leicester Square, with brass setting pointer adjustment disc and bowfronted Fahrenheit scale mercury thermometer to the shaped base section beneath, 93cm high, B.C. Ref. 171. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Wheel or Banjo page 108. Nathaniel Whitehouse is recorded by Banfield as working from 2 Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, London 1847-82.

A Queen Anne style walnut cistern tube stick barometer Unsigned, probably 20th century With arched pediment above ogee moulded case applied with silvered herringbone border and foliate engraved two-part break-arch scale with sliding brass pointer above partially concealed tube to trunk and shaped cistern cover, 106cm high, B.C. Ref. 5. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 27.

A George II mahogany cistern tube stick barometer James Verrier, North Curry, circa 1750. With three brass ball finials to the ogee moulded break-arch pediment and frieze above glazed conforming shaped-top foliate engraved silvered double scale with herringbone border, titled SOMMER and WINTER and inscribed Fair if rise and Foul if Fall above signature Jams Verrier, North Curry to lower margin, the Winter scale with brass setting pointer adjusted via a brass disc to the right-hand side of the trunk, flanked by turned three-quarter pilasters with brass capitals and bases above cavetto moulded throat and recessed exposed tube to the trunk, the square panel base with moulded upper and lower edges and centred with a turned rosette, 105cm high, B.C. Ref. 9. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube pages 46 and 47 and described on page 49. James Verrier is recorded by Banfield as working in North Curry, Somerset circa 1750. A.J. Moore records him in THE CLOCKMAKERS OF SOMERSET 1650-1900 as working 1752-1774 and describes him as a maker of very fine clocks. Moore also reproduces an account of a clock described in Western Flying Post July 28th 1755 which appears to be perpetually driven by either changes in temperature or possibly barometric pressure. The form of this particular barometer strongly resembles that of a longcase clock, perhaps reflecting Verriers primary occupation. The scale is unusually annotated with Changeable against 29 inches rather than at the usual 29.5 inches, Banfield suggests that this may either be an honest error by the maker or specifically made to compensate for the original owner living at around 500 feet above sea level.

A George II mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer Thomas Benbow, Newport, Shropshire, circa 1775. The ogee shaped arch-top moulded case with three ball finials and conforming shaped silvered register annotated for Summer and Winter with simple brass pointer and signed Thos Benbow, the cavetto moulded trunk with exposed tube above moulded dome shaped cistern cover to the square base, 90cm high, B.C. Ref. 11. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 48. Thomas Benbow is recorded by Banfield as working in Newport, Shropshire 1778 - circa 1800.

A fine and rare George III mahogany cistern tube angle barometer Whitehurst, Derby, circa 1775. With square section finial to the cavetto moulded and gadrooned pediment above angled silvered glazed scale calibrated from 0 to 57 with Stormy, RAIN, Changeable, FAIR, Settled Fair predictions and signed Whitehurst, DERBY to left-hand corner of lower edge, within an ogee moulded surround and behind an exposed tube, the caddy moulded trunk with concealed tube and crossbanded borders to the figured veneers, the shaped base with half cylinder turned cistern cover with ring turned girdle and finials to top and bottom, 94cm high, B.C. Ref. 81. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 156. John Whitehurst is recorded by Banfield as being born in 1713 and dying in 1788, he moved to London in 1775 to take the post of Stamper of Money Weights at the Royal Mint, London. It is thought that his brother, James, managed the Derby business until his son, John (2), was old enough to run it. He in turn took his son, also called John (3), into partnership circa 1810 when the business became known as Whitehurst and Son. The partnership continued until 1834 when John (2) died. John Whitehurst senior became friendly with the astronomer and lecturer James Ferguson in London and took active roles within learned societies in the Midlands including Club Thirteen and The Lunar Society where he met Matthew Boulton who became a good friend. This particular barometer relates to a group of three instruments which are comprehensively described in Goodison, Nicholas English BAROMETERS 1680-1860 Part II Some Important Makers and Retailers pages 281-283. A fourth example was sold by Sothebys at their sale of the contents of Fawley House, 14th October 2003. The scale calibration appears to be arbitrary however roughly equates to three inches divided into twentieths.

A Scottish George III chevron banded mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Balthazar Knie, Edinburgh, circa 1790. With pagoda shaped pediment and arched top silvered scale with vernier signed KNIE EDINR above trunk with exposed tube flanked by angled crossbanded veneers and chevron inlaid edge stringing, the ovoid base with convex cistern cover, 97cm high, B.C. Ref. 31. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 80. Balthazar Knie is recorded by Banfield as working in Cork, Ireland from 1773 before moving to Edinburgh in 1776 where he remained until his death in 1817. He was born in Germany and spent several years travelling around Europe demonstrating his skills as a glass blower and barometer maker before finally settling in Edinburgh. He is perhaps best known for introducing a form of angle tube barometer which, by introducing a second acute angle bend into the tube, resulted in a more compact design. (See Lot 129).

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Smith, Bath, circa 1790. With arched top silvered scale with vernier signed SMITH BATH set into the full-width caddy moulded case with exposed tube and urn shaped cistern cover to the conforming shaped base, 95cm high, B.C. Ref. 32. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 81. B. Smith is recorded by Banfield as working in Bath circa 1780-1800.

A George III mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer Matthew Woller, Birmingham, circa 1805. With shallow pagoda pediment above glazed cherub and husk swag decorated paper scales signed Mathew Woller, No 51 Edgbaston St, BIRMINGHAM flanked by turned pilasters, the moulded edge trunk with exposed tube above square ogee bottom moulded base with hinged box cistern cover, 93cm high, B.C. Ref. 35. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 87. Matthew Woller is recorded by Banfield as working from 51 Edgbaston St, Birmingham 1801-25.

A rare George III inlaid mahogany double angle tube bulb cistern stick barometer William Robb, Montrose, circa 1800. The line bordered and crossbanded panel case with wide top section applied with angled right-handed shaped silvered plates calibrated in barometric inches from 28 to 31 over a distance of 6.5 inches and signed Wm Robb MONTROSE to centre, the tube of distinctive zigzag form to top section above normal width trunk with exposed tube and applied with Farenheit scale mercury thermometer, the square base with conforming box cistern cover, 94cm high, B.C. Ref. 80. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 157. William Robb is recorded by Banfield as working in Montrose 1776-1816. This particular form of angle barometer was thought to have been introduced to the U.K. from Germany by Balthazar Knie who moved to Edinburgh in 1776. Several very similar examples but with left-handed tubes by Knie exist and a number by Charles Molliner of Edinburgh are also known, therefore there is a possibility that Knie supplied this particular type of instrument to Molliner and Robb for retail. The scale, which is calibrated with the normal barometric range of 28-31, is magnified approximately two fold due to the inclined angle of the tube.

A George III parquetry banded mahogany cistern tube stick barometer A. Bellamy, Wycombe, dated 1799. With arched top silvered scale with vernier behind glazed door above full-depth trunk with concealed tube and parquetry banded borders, the square base with concealed cistern and conforming inlay, the rear of the case inscribed A. Bellamy, Wycombe no.2 1799, 92cm high, B.C. Ref. 38. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube pages 88 and 89. A. Bellamy is recorded by Banfield as working from Wycombe circa 1790-1810. The scale on this barometer has the standard Changeable sector further divided into Inclined to Dry, Doubtfull and Inclined to Wet.

A George III mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Charles Beilby, Bristol, circa 1805. With swan neck pediment and ivory urn finial above silvered scale with vernier, mercury tube Fahrenheit thermometer and signed Beilby, BRISTOL behind glazed door, the caddy moulded trunk with ivory vernier adjustment disc and ebony strung borders, with ebonised urn shaped cistern cover to the cavetto moulded base with ivory cistern screw, 100cm high, B.C. Ref. 36. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 92. Charles Beilby is recorded by Banfield as working circa 1795-1815. He is recorded in Moore, A.J. The Clockmakers of Bristol 1650-1900 as working circa 1814.

A George III inlaid mahogany cistern tube stick barometer with hygrometer Baptista Ronchetti, Manchester, circa 1800. With broken pediment above caddy moulded and parquetry strung case with circular silvered hygrometer and ivory vernier adjustment disc above shaped silvered vernier scale with mercury Fahrenheit thermometer and signed Bst. Roncheti behind rectangular glazed door above double floral oval cartouche inlaid caddy moulded trunk with parquetry strung borders and domed cistern cover to the rounded base, 111cm high, B.C. Ref. 40. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 95. Baptista Ronchetti is recorded by Banfield as moving to Manchester from Tavernerio, near Lake Como, Italy in 1785. He worked from 15 High Street and was joined by his son and nephew and Dominic Bolongaro who all went their separate ways after a while. He is thought to have died circa 1810.

A George III mahogany bulb cistern tube angle barometer Baptista Pedralio, Norwich, circa 1810. With angled silvered scale calibrated in inches magnified by approximately five times and signed BAPTISTA PEDRALIO, the conforming trunk with exposed tube flanked by crossbanded veneers and cockbeaded edges above square base with hinged box cistern cover, 90cm high, B.C. Ref. 82. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 159. Baptista Pedralio is recorded by Banfield as working in Norwich circa 1790-1820.

A George III mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer C. Zappa, Sheffield, circa 1815. With break-arch pediment above silvered scale with setting pointer, Fahrenheit scale mercury thermometer and signed C. Zappa Sheffield behind glazed door, the trunk with exposed tube and crossbanded veneers, the square base with hinged box cistern cover, 95cm high, B.C. Ref. 47. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 105. C. Zappa is recorded by Banfield as working in Sheffield circa 1815-50.

A Regency fiddle back figured mahogany cistern tube stick barometer Gardners, Glasgow, circa 1825. The arch top caddy moulded case with applied ivory vernier scale signed Gardners Glasgow above full-width trunk with exposed tube and hinged box cistern cover enclosing concertina action wooden cistern, 98cm high, B.C. Ref. 48. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 106. Gardners are recorded by Banfield as being established in Crawfords Land, Glasgow by John Gardner in circa 1775. He was journeyman to Thomas Watt and advertised making mountain barometers in the Glasgow Mercury. He formed several partnerships and died in 1822 leaving the firm to be continued by his sons.

A mahogany syphon tube stick barometer Unsigned, 19th century The arch-top case with brass pointer and inset paper scale above full-width trunk channel-cut for the tube and with sliding retention block to waist, the rounded base incorporating visible syphon bend, 45cm high, B.C. Ref. 49. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 108. Probably made for school instructional use.

A Regency oak and mahogany bulb cistern tube stick barometer J. Pozzi, Oswestry, circa 1825. With moulded cornice above festoon swag engraved silvered scale signed J. Pozzi, Oswestry above concealed tube and longcase clock form plinth base enclosing the cistern, 93cm high, B.C. Ref. 51. Illustrated in Banfield, Edwin BAROMETERS Stick or Cistern Tube page 109. J. Pozzi is recorded by Banfield as working in Oswestry, Shropshire circa 1815-35.