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Lot 1269

A Victorian copper helmet coal scuttle, with loop handle.

Lot 184

A GEORGE III HELMET SHAPED SILVER CREAM JUG chased with a sunflower to either side, the foot engraved MD ID 1790, 13.5cm h, by Hester Bateman, London 1789, 2ozs 5dwtsSmall old solder repair to rim, polish residue and light wear, marks good

Lot 251

A George III style silver helmet sauce boat, Mappin & Webb, Birmingham 1965, with cut edge, on three scroll feet, 15cm wide, 3ozs and a silver mounted engine turned hand mirror and hair brush (3).

Lot 277

A George III silver helmet shape milk jug, Alexander Field, London 1796, with threaded rim and scroll handle, with bright cut engraved bands and rows of pricked dots, monogramed in a shield cartouche, 11.5cm high, 4.2ozs.

Lot 279

A George III silver helmet cream jug, London 1791, makers mark unclear, with punched rim, bright cut engraved with ribbon tied swags of flowers around a shield cartouche, the spreading circular foot on a square plinth base, 14cm high, 2.7ozs.

Lot 285

A pair of George III helmet shape silver sauce boats, Charles Hougham, London 1786, with punched rims, palmette capped double scroll handles, on shell headed hoof feet, 17cm wide, 12ozs, engraved with a crest and motto.Illustrated

Lot 104

A Giants American Football helmet and two programmes

Lot 153

A box of militaria to include US army helmet etc.

Lot 175

Copper helmet shaped coal bucket and a copper bed warming pan with handle, both nicely polished (2)

Lot 707

A Zischagge or lobster tailed helmet, probably 17th Century, the skull with radiating ribs to a star and ring finial, shaped and pointed peak with adjustable nasal bar, the neck guard of four articulated lames, pointed ear defences *Invoice from Michael D. Long 8-3-73 '1 helmet £82'

Lot 708

A 17th Century English pike mans 'pot' helmet, raised comb, 'rivetted' skull base and brim, plume holder *Invoice from Michael D. Long 7-12-73 '1 Pikemans Helmet £85'

Lot 140

An Extremely Rare Household Cavalry Trooper's 1817 Pattern Helmet With silver-plated skull and crest, complete with all brass fittings (chin-scales replaced), black bearskin crest, and black leather sweatband

Lot 132

A Very Fine Gentleman At Arms Officer's Helmet (Lining missing), complete with white swan feather plume

Lot 127

A 5th Princess Charlotte Of Wales Dragoon Guards Officer's 1871 Pattern Helmet (Lining missing, sweatband loose)

Lot 117

A Very Fine Fife Light Horse Officer's 1871 Pattern HelmetWith white horsehair plume

Lot 128

A 7th Princess Of Wales's Dragoon Guards Officer's 1847 Pattern HelmetComplete with original horse hair plume (interior lining replaced)

Lot 115

A King's Own Norfolk Imperial Yeomanry Trooper's Helmet Of Special PatternCirca 1902-09With black leather skull complete with all brass fittings, and yellow horsehair plume

Lot 121

A Rare 2nd West Yorkshire Yeomanry Officer's 1847 Pattern Helmet Circa 1854-94With silver-plated skull complete with all gilt-metal and silver fittings, and black horsehair plume (lining mostly missing)

Lot 130

A Fine Royal Horse Guard's Officer's 1871 Pattern Helmet Post 1902

Lot 126

A 2nd County Of London Imperial Yeomanry Officer's 1871 Pattern HelmetCirca 1902-08(Leather sweatband worn)

Lot 120

A Fine Hertfordshire Yeomany Officer's 1871 Pattern HelmetWith black horsehair plume

Lot 119

A Fine Montgomeryshire Yeomanry Cavalry 1871 Pattern Helmet With plated skull and all plated fittings, and white horsehair plume

Lot 131

A Very Fine 2nd Dragoon Guards (The Queen's Bays) Officer's 1871 Pattern HelmetComplete with all fittings including red enamel centre mounted with silver cypher of Edward VII, black horsehair plume, and retaining virtually all its original gilding: in its japanned carrying tin (some old wear, bottom hasp missing) with owner's label engraved 'H. Gillies, Queen's Bays' (2)

Lot 518

An Rare Pair Of 18-Bore Flintlock Silver-Mounted PistolsBy Wilson, London, London Silver Hallmarks For 1753, Maker's Mark Possibly Of Jonathan AlleineWith cannon barrels each signed on the sighting flat with drop-shaped terminal along the breech, border engraved tangs decorated with rocailles and foliage, signed rounded locks (cocks old replacements) each with slender raised border, engraved safety-catch and rainproof pan, moulded figured half-stocks (one with minor old repair beneath the tail of the lock) with swelling rounded butts, the latter (one split through and repaired) finely inlaid with silver wire dolphin and cornucopia either side of the carved scallop shell behind the barrel tang, and with a large martial trophy and a naval trophy on both sides, the former centred on an engraved silver Classical helmet, the latter with an anchor through an engraved silver crown, and with flowers between, the fore-ends each with silver wire scrollwork issuing from a monster-head, finely cast and chased mounts comprising side-plates pierced with elaborate trophy of arms (one with minor repair), large vacant escutcheons each with a helmet above and a flower-head below, pommel-caps each with a Classical trophy beneath a baldachin within scrollwork, strapwork and rocailles, all against finely punched grounds, the tangs with a basket of flowers, trigger-guards each with foliate finial and decorated with a martial trophy on the border engraved bow, border engraved fore-end caps also forming the ramrod-entry and decorated with a basket of fruit on symmetrical scrolls, single baluster ramrod-pipes each on an oval, and original silver-tipped ramrods (steel parts with some scattered pitting), London proof marks and Wilson's barrelsmith's mark (2)21.7 cm. barrels

Lot 141

A Rare North Somerset Yeomanry Trooper's Helmet Of 1817 Pattern Type Adapted By The Regiment Circa 1837-40Complete with all brass fitting including frontal plate bearing post 1837 royal arms, the rear with an oval brass label embossed 'NSY', and comb fitted with detachable undress lion's head mane and paws (laurels slightly incomplete)

Lot 139

A Rare Norfolk Yeomanry (Prince Albert's Own Corps) Officer's Helmet Circa 1840-49With black japanned skull (minor loss of finish) and comb, all gilt and brass fittings, and black horsehair plume

Lot 116

A Royal Midlothian Yeomanry Cavalry Black Leather HelmetCirca 1850Complete with all white-metal fittings, and black horsehair plume

Lot 142

A Very Fine 6th Or Inniskilling Dragoon Officer's 1834 Pattern HelmetCirca 1834-43Retaining all its fittings and virtually all its original gilding, the comb fitted with original detachable lion's head mane and paws (lining partly missing)

Lot 124

The Queen's Own Royal Staffordshire Yeomanry Officer's Helmet Of 1847 Pattern Type Circa 1850-70With black japanned skull (some losses), complete with plated and gilt fittings, and white horsehair plume

Lot 129

A Fine 6th Dragoon Guards (The Carabiniers) Officer's 1847 Pattern HelmetWith black horsehair plume

Lot 125

A Very Fine Duke Of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry Officer's 1871 Pattern HelmetCirca 1880-1901With white horsehair plume

Lot 62

A patinated bronze effect bust of a man wearing a helmet decorated with animals, height 36cm

Lot 74

A desk stamp depicting a Nazi helmet, with turned wood handle, diameter 3.5cm

Lot 368

French Colmont binoculars, military steel helmet etc

Lot 386

A bronze patinated spelter figure with winged helmet, 43.5cm, and a crusader figure

Lot 109

POLICE HELMET WITH ROYAL IRISH CONSTABULARY BADGE & SPIKE BASE

Lot 310

KENNER - Includes loose Stormtrooper helmet. Blaster not included. Good. Dimensions: 10 cm x 4 cm x 3 cm (3.85'' x 1.54'' x 1.15"). . VAT STATUS: M

Lot 387

DON POST - Both created by Don Post and made from plastic. Darth Vader helmet comes in two sections with a Velcro strip used to fasten together. Boba Fett helmet comes with original tag. Good. Dimensions: 32 cm x 26 cm x 24 cm (12.31'' x 10.00'' x 9.23"). . VAT STATUS: M

Lot 388

DON POST - Both created by Don Post and made from plastic. Darth Vader helmet comes in two sections with a Velcro strip used to fasten together. Good. Dimensions: 46 cm x 36 cm x 33 cm (17.69'' x 13.85'' x 12.69"). . VAT STATUS: M

Lot 396

NECA - 2:1 scale hardcopy prototype of Kane in Nostromo suit from Series 3. Painted in similar colour scheme. Complete with separate components including feet, shoulder armour piece, tube, two-piece helmet, visor and head with facehugger wrapped around. Comes with black base. This lot is fragile and should be handled with care. Excellent. Dimensions: 57 cm x 28 cm x 26 cm (21.92'' x 10.77'' x 10.00"). . VAT STATUS: M

Lot 399

NECA - Prototype of Kane in Nostromo suit from Series 3. Complete with two-piece helmet and gun in belt holster. Good. Dimensions: 15 cm x 8 cm x 5 cm (5.77'' x 3.08'' x 1.92"). . VAT STATUS: M

Lot 568

- A life-size "RE-STO-2" Stormtrooper statue with bent arm pose. Two versions of the Stormtrooper statues were created by Muckle Mannequins to promote the animated series Star Wars Rebels. Features detailed helmet and armour, made from fibreglass. Complete with blaster in right hand. Displayed on black base, plaque is missing. Fair - Scuffs and scratches. Dimensions: 192 cm x 70 cm x 54 cm (73.85'' x 26.92'' x 20.77"). *Special shipping required; see special shipping notice . VAT STATUS: M

Lot 570

- A life-size Stormtrooper statue with straight arm pose. Two versions of the Stormtrooper statues were created by Muckle Mannequins to promote the animated series Star Wars Rebels. Features detailed helmet and armour, made from fibreglass. Complete with blaster in right hand. Displayed on black base with plaque which reads "No. 190 of 333" and named "Stormtrooper RE-STO-1". Fair - Scuffs and scratches. Dimensions: 192 cm x 70 cm x 54 cm (73.85'' x 26.92'' x 20.77"). *Special shipping required; see special shipping notice . VAT STATUS: M

Lot 399

SILVER CREAM JUG, helmet shape square based with scrolled handle and fine decoration, 4ozs, London 1903

Lot 400

TWO SILVER CREAM JUGS - (1) helmet shaped with circular base, 3.4ozs, believed William IV, marks indistinct and (2) circular based with narrow stem and bright cut floral decoration with scrolled handle, 4.2ozs, marks indistinct .

Lot 418

5th-4th century BC. A sheet bronze helmet of Chalcidian type with keeled bowl and carination above the brow, low neck-guard to the rear and raised flange rim extending to the D-shaped ear and eye-recesses; short lozengiform nasal with rim; three-looped hinge fittings to each side for attachment of separate cheek-guards; the outer face tinned for an imposing appearance and to create a glancing surface; mounted on a custom-made stand. See Masson, M. E., Pugachenkova, G. A. Parfi anskie ritony Nisy (Parthian rhyta from Nisa"). Al’bom illiustratsii (Album of illustrations), Moscow, 1956; Beglova, E. A., Antichnoe nasledie Kubani (Ancient heritage of Kuban) III, Moscow, pp.410-422 (in Russian); Dedjulkin A. V., 'Locally Made Protective Equipment of the Population of North-Western Caucasus in the Hellenistic Period', in Stratum Plus, n.3, 2014, pp.169-184; ????????? ?. ?., '????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????' (Sarmatian Age Helmets from Eastern Europe), in Stratum Plus, n.4, 2014, pp.249-284. 2.8 kg, 38cm including stand (15"). Property of a London gentleman; acquired in 2014 from David Aaron Gallery, Berkeley Square, London, W1; previously with Royal-Athena Galleries, New York, US; formerly in a private collection, London, UK; acquired prior to the mid-1950s; accompanied by a copy of an Art Loss Register certificate report number S00142456 and a copies of the relevant Royal-Athena Gallery published catalogue pages. Fine condition.

Lot 419

Late 2nd-early 3rd century AD. A Roman bronze sport helmet of 'Pfrondorf Type' (type F of the Robinson classification of Roman cavalry Sport Helmets, Robinson, 1975, pls.367-375, pp. 126-127), with female features, possibly representing a gorgon (Medusa), comprising a two-part helmet with a back plate, the face piece originally with a removable inner mask; the skull embossed with stylised representations of hair along the sides and collected at the lower centre of the back to a chignon, the centre decorated by a blue enamel stone; on the upper part of the skull a two-headed snake, whose wide body is decorated with scales chiselled on the surface, long neck protruding on the two sides of the skull until the brow; the edge of the skull is decorated by punched triangles and a line representing the crown of the hair around the face; a small flat neck guard; a hinge is fastened through a pin the skull to the mask allowing it to be raised; the T-opening for the face was not always present in this type of helmet. See Robinson, R., The Armour of Imperial Rome, New York, 1975; Garbsch, J., Römische Paraderustüngen, München, 1979; Born, H.,Junkelmann M., Römische Kampf-und Turnierrüstungen, Band VI, Sammlung Axel Guttmann, Mainz,1997; D'Amato R., A.Negin, Decorated Roman Armour, London, 2017; D'Amato R., A.Negin, Roman Heavy Cavalry (1), Cataphractarii and Clibanarii, 1st century BC-5th century AD, Oxford, 2018; this mask helmet belongs to the category of Roman Mask Helmets employed in the sportive games, acting also as military training, of the so called Hyppika Gymnasia described by Arrian of Nicomedia in his Taktika, written down during the age of the Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD), however, these kind of very simplified masks were often used in battle as well, especially by the heavy cavalry of the catafractarii (D'Amato-Negin, 2018, p.30,36,38-40), the distinguishing features of this type of masked helmet, diffused in the Roman Army since the Late Antonine Age (second half of second century AD) is the removable central area of the mask covering eyes, nose and mouth and the division of the helmet in two parts on the line of the ears; the Pfrondorf specimen (Garbsch,1979, pl.26; Born-Junkelmann,1997, p.50; D'Amato-Negin, 2017, fig.168 a-b), in Stuttgart Museum, which gives the name to the typology, is the most complete and known of such specimens; three parts helmets are known from Danubian sites, like Ostrov (Romania, Robinson, 1975, pls. 370-373; Garbsch, 1979, pl.27), from the German Limes (Oberflorshtadt, Robinson, 1975, fig.129, p.108, D'Amato-Negin, 2017, fig.172c, p.169) and a magnificent specimen, preserved only in the skull, from the collection Axel Guttmann is kept at the Musée d’Art Classique de Mougins (D'Amato-Negin, 2017, fig.172a, p.169); a further splendid specimen, the mask only preserved, is kept in a large private European collection (D'Amato-Negin, 2017, fig.180, p.177"). 2.1 kg total including stand, 27cm (10 1/2"). From an important East Anglian collection of arms and armour; formerly in a Dutch private collection since the 1990s; previously in a Swiss family collection since before 1980; accompanied by a metallurgic analytical report, written by metallurgist Dr. Brian Gilmour of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, report number 144723/HM1364; and an academic report by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato; this lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by AIAD certificate number no. 144723-10011. This type of helmet is very rare in such fine condition. Helmets with a facial cut-out have often the female characteristic of Medusa, considering the psychological impact that this creature, with the power to transform men to stone. The apotropaic character of such divinity, inspiring terror on the enemies and confidence to the wearer, was part of the interpenetration of the divine world inside the human world, considered essential for the men who risked their life daily, who needed to feel the protection of the divine beings on the battlefield, or in the travel to the underworld. The main problem of these helmets with face attachment and three-part cutout for eyes, nose and mouth, is the question of the presence of the inner mask. Separate inner masks in bronze are known, some of them silvered (Robinson, 1975, pl.374, p.127, from Stadtpark Mainz), or with slender brows and finely pierced rings in the eye-opening (Robinson, 1975, pl.37,5 p.127, from Weisenberg"). There is no way of ascertaining whether or not our specimen was equipped with an inner mask, though it would appear to be quite possible that it was not, as there are no traces of holes in the point where, in the mask helmets of this typology, the turning pin for the attachment of the mask is usually visible. This suggest that our mask was conceived and used for a more practical use on the battlefield, without excluding its possible employment for the tournaments and the Hyppika Gymnasia. Very fine condition, some restoration. Extremely rare in this condition.

Lot 420

Early 3rd century AD. A sheet bronze mask from a cavalry sports helmet of Heddernheim or Worthing Type with repoussé detailing; the lower edge a flange with ropework detailing, disc to each cheek with whorl pattern, central trefoil void with perforations (breathing holes) to the chin, band of slanting bars above the brow imitating hair; the rim with five groups of attachment holes and lateral tabs to allow the mask to be secured to the outer elements of the helmet, and raised or lowered without removing it. Cf. Garbsch, J. Römische Paraderüstungen, München, 1978 item 53 (Frankfurt-Heddernheim helmet); Robinson, R., The Armour of Imperial Rome, New York, 1975; Born, H.,Junkelmann M., Römische Kampf-und Turnierrüstungen, Band VI, Sammlung Axel Guttmann, Mainz, 1997; D'Amato R., A.Negin, Decorated Roman Armour, London, 2017. 221 grams, 20cm (8"). From an important East Anglian collection of arms and armour; formerly in a Dutch private collection since the 1990s; previously in a Swiss family collection since before 1980; accompanied by a metallurgic analytical report, written by metallurgist Dr. Brian Gilmour of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, report number 144724/HM1361; and an academic report by Roman military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato; this lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by AIAD certificate number no. 144724-10012. The three-part helmets, which form a very important part of the Roman third century helmets, especially of the cavalry ones, have been variously classified by the scholars of the Roman military. Besides the type F of Pfrondorf typology Robinson (1975, pp.126-131) individuated the types G (Hedderneim type) and H (Worthing type"). All three present the characteristic of having a skull and a face mask with a removable central area of the mask covering eyes, nose and mouth. The type G, however, differently from the previous type F, presents a high curved crest on the skull and a front face, imitating that of the Apulian-Corinthian helmets, the type H being of pseudo-Attic shape (Garbsch, 1979, pls.28-29; Born-Junkelmann, 1997, pp.59-63, 106-108; D'Amato-Negin, 2017, pp.106ff., fig.175-181"). The surviving examples of H typology (Worthing helmet, s. D'Amato-Negin, 2017, fig.177 lett.d) suggest the idea that a mask was not always used to protect the face. This could be sometimes achieved by the framed face part of the helmet. In our specimen the missing of the skull does not allow to understand if the face-guard belongs to the Hedderneim or Worthing types: but the missing of fastening elements of the inner mask on the face-guard points towards the second category. According to the classification of M. Kolert, these helmets belong to the III type of mask helmets. The German scholar supported the theory that the main feature of all these helmets was their three-part design and cheek-pieces, or the replacing face part with a cut-out and a mask that was sometimes inserted into it. Most probably this specimen is from a battlefield. The piece is in fine condition. The face-guard is largely complete and comparatively plain. It has an opening in the centre to expose the mouth, nose, and eyes while protecting the brow, cheeks, and chin. The two parts of the helmet were in fact held together either by a hook-and-eye arrangement or a small hinge. Once the two halves of the helmet were in place, they would have been secured to the wearer’s head by lacing at the neck, which was attached to the loops on either side of the neck of the skull. The helmet is relatively scarce in the decoration, but the spiral deserves attention for its connection with the solar cult. The spiral represents the rotary movement of the sun, the spiral is probably the oldest known symbol of human spirituality connected with the sun, together with the swastika or tetragamma. The sun traces a spiral shape every three months in its travels. The connection was also visible in the Celtic art, where the representation of the spiral also follows the path of the sun, describing the movements of the heavenly body over the course of a solar year. The third century was characterised by the great diffusion, among the Roman soldiers, of the solar cult, the Sol Invictus, its symbols often represented on arms and weapons as an apotropaic element of protection. Such cult was diffused especially with the Severan Dynasty, who had connection with the Syria due to the women of the Dynasty, especially Julia Domna, wife of the Emperor Septimius Severus, Julia Mesa, mother of the Emperor Alexander Severus and Julia Soemia, mother of the Emperor Elagabalus. This imperial Syrian family favoured the cult of the Sun, especially in the eastern part of the empire, by building even greater temples in honour of the God Helios, like in the ancient Heliopolis (actual Balbeek) and in Rome. Fine condition, some restoration. Extremely rare.

Lot 458

Circa 1300 AD. A German great helm in a poor state of preservation, but still visible in its original shape without deformation; composed of five rivetted plates: two forming the top, two the front, and one the back; the top of the helmet is convex; the visual system is divided into two, and on both left and right parts, are distributed the various holes forming the ventilation system. See Demmin A. Die Kriegswaffen in ihren geschichtlichen Entwicklungen von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. Eine Encyklopädie der Waffenkunde, Gera-Untermhaus, 1891; Müller-Hickler H., 'Über die Funde aus der Burg Tannenberg', ZfHW XIII, in Neue Folge 4, 1934, pp.175-181; Žákovský P., HoÅ¡ek J., Cisár V., A unique finding of a great helm from the Dale?ín castle in Moravia, in Acta Militaria Medievalia, VIII, 2011, pp.91-125; Gamber O., Geschichte der mittelalterlichen Waffen (Teil 4), in Waffen- und Kostümkunde 37, pp. 1-26; Scalini, M., A bon droyt, Spade di uomini liberi, cavalieri e Santi/Epées d'hommes libres, chevaliers et saints, Milano, 2007. 1.4 kg, 25.6cm (20"). From an important private family collection of arms and armour; acquired on the European art market in the 1980s, and thence by descent; accompanied by an academic report by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato. According to the current knowledge, great helms began to generally appear in the arsenal of western medieval warriors in Western Europe as early as the beginning of the 12th century (Žákovský, HoÅ¡ek, Cisár, 2011, p.91"). It is not easy to understand which was the medieval word designating such category of helmets. The terms helmvaz and helmhuot, used for instance in the German epic Nibelungenlied, refer probably to large and closed helmets. Some authors therefore associate the origin of great helms with the German lands. The theory can be supported by the fact that most European languages adopted the term for this type of helmets from German helm or great helm in English; heaume in French; elmo in Italian, and yelmo in Spanish (s. Demmin, 1891, pp.492-493; Müller-Hickler 1934, p.179; Gamber, 1995, p.19"). In sources written in Czech, the candidate terms referring to great helms seem to be p?ilbice and the derivative of the German word, helm. The typological evolution of the 14th century in Germany, takes the name of kübelhelm. The general development of great helms was starting in the early 13th century, based on round shapes with straight sides and a flat occipital plate with a distinct edge. They are known, because of the preserved beautiful aquamaniles (Scalini, 2007, pp.132-133, Aquamaniles from Lower Saxony, about 1300 AD; Žákovský, HoÅ¡ek, Cisár, 2011, p.95, fig.4"). The subsequent development involved larger helms of oval cross-section with a distinctive edge. These helms reached to the shoulders of the wearer and the top was already convex. The helmet here represented should be added to the few survivingv specimens, as it is a good parallel with the great helm from the castle of Tannenberg, dated at the second half of the 15th century. The ventilation system, however, is more similar to the helmet from Dalecin (Žákovský, HoÅ¡ek, Cisár, 2011, fig.5, p 95, 7, p.97), recently published by Bohemian archaeologists and discovered in 2008 by accident. The top of the helmet is similar to the helmet of Altena (Žákovský, HoÅ¡ek, Cisár, 2011, p.110, fig.18b"). These great helms of traditional design, and especially those with a convex top, whether of five, four or three plates, are in general believed to have been manufactured in Germany, although any direct evidence is missing (see Boeheim 1890, 29; Pierzak 2005, 31"). Žákovský, HoÅ¡ek, Cisár believe that the current state of knowledge is not sufficient for determining even the approximate location of their origin. The possibility that some of the known helms were manufactured close to where they were found, cannot be ruled out either. Moreover, it is not likely that the design patterns and details can be used to date the individual specimens at the moment. This is mainly due to the fact that only a small number of great helms have been recorded so far and that most iconographic sources, which could be useful in making the dating estimates, and our knowledge of great helm development more accurate, are rather simplified or the important upper parts of the depicted helms are covered with mantling and jewels. Most probably our specimen is from a castle excavation. The piece is in fair condition and considering the rarity, a high start price can be expected. These helmets are generally thought to be dressed over the chain mail of the hauberk, and supported inside by an internal padding called 'padiglione' in Italian. An example from Tannenberg was unfortunately destroyed during the First World War. The find is quoted, but not illustrated by Demmin (1869, p.276, n.54) who states 'Deutsche Kesselhaube vom Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts, unter dem Schutte des im 14. Jahrhundert eingeäscherten Schlosses Tannenburg gefunden, von welchem Hefner v. Alteneck eine Abbildung herausgegeben hat' meaning: 'German great helm of late 13th century, found under the rubble of the 14th century cremated castle Tannenburg, of which Hefner Von Altenek has an illustration'"). For the weight and the encumbrance of such big helmets were worn only in the imminence of the battle, leaving it, when not in use, suspended by a breast chain fixed on the front but hanging behind the shoulders. In the Tannenberg specimen there is still a small cross-shaped opening on the left side of the frontal part of the helmet, used to allow the passage of a small attachment for the chain which fastened the helmet to the breast part of the armour. The main elements of the knight's protection were helmet, shield and armour, and when the helmet was not necessary and limited the view, was put away. Sometimes, as visible on the splendid Manesse Codex, the helmets were surmounted by a decorative plume or crest, made of organic material like parchment, cuir bouilli, papier-mache, wood or copper sheet. Fair condition. Extremely rare.

Lot 459

Circa 1340 AD. A Western medieval cervelliere's or early bascinet skull in iron, probably Italian, the dome bowl following the shape of the skull, narrower on the front and wider at the occipital bone; the protection of the area is wider than in the usual cervelliere, and all around the rim of the helmet the fastening holes to the inner felt or leather lining, or the sewing to a textile cap, are visible. See Boccia G.L., Rossi F., Morin M., Armi e Armature Lombarde, Milano, 1980; Nicolle, D., Italian Medieval Armies, 1300-1500, London, 1983; Vignola, M., I reperti metallici del castello superiore di Attimis, in Quaderni Friulani,di Archeologia, XIII, 2003, pp.63-81; Scalini, M., A bon droyt, Spade di uomini liberi, cavalieri e Santi/Epées d'hommes libres, chevaliers et saints, Milano, 2007. 881 grams, 22cm (8 1/2"). From an important private family collection of arms and armour; acquired on the European art market in the 1980s, and thence by descent; accompanied by an academic report by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato. The cervelliere was a very common skull protection since the 13th century Italy, made of metal and shaped like a simple skull. It (from Latin cervellerium, cerebrarium, cerebrerium or cerebotarium) was a helmet basic typology developed in Middle Ages. It was made of a single piece of cup-shaped metal covering the top of the skull and could be worn over or under the hauberk and other typologies of heavier helmets. Over time, the cervelliere experienced several evolutions. Many helmets became increasingly pointed and the back of the skull cap elongated to cover the neck, thus developing into the bascinet. The skull protection of our specimen has parallels with the helmets worn by the warriors represented in the killing of the innocents painted in the Church of Saint'Abbondio, Como, dated at 1340 AD (Boccia, Rossi, Morin, fig.10 pp.30-31), which Boccia correctly classified like cervelliere. This specimen is therefore still a cervelliere, or eventually an early form of bascinet of which the cervelliere was the ancestor, although this specimen begins the transformation of the simple skull in the wider bowl that, fitted with a peak, will give origin to the bascinet. Its conformation distinguishes it from the various similar head protections classified as bascinet in the 15th century. The statement that we are still dealing with a cervelliere is based on the morphological data of the object. The shape, above all, is markedly hemispherical, tightening towards the front and falling slightly on the nape. A similar skull is visible on the cerviellere found in the castle of Attimis (Italy, Trentino Alto-Adige), recently published by Vignola (Vignola, 2003, pp.66 ff."). Differently from the usual cervelliere, the bowl shows side protections, and the sides are protecting also the ears, which is not the characteristic of the usual cervelliere. The type then turned out to define in anatomical way and adherent to the skull. Another characteristic trend is the series of holes visible all along the lower edge, from front to the neck. Correctly Vignola suggested, by analysing the specimen of Attimis, that such parallel holes were destined to receive the sewing, to fasten the helmet with a falsata (padded or quilted headgear"). The presence of similar holes in the other helmets of the same category was absolutely fundamental to allow a similar helmet to be worn, as well as to absorb the trauma of a stroke directed towards the plain surface of the cervelliere skull. The falsata had probability the possibility to be fitted with stripes for the protection of the nape, and of thongs to fasten the helmet under chin, too. Moreover, a cap was sometimes worn over the helmet, forming an external textile headgear prolonged over the ears (Nicolle, 1983, pl.B2), often visible in the iconography of the period and considered like a civilian cap by many art historians not particularly skilled in the military equipment study. Most probably our specimen is from a battlefield or a river find. The piece is in good condition and considering the rarity a high start price is expected. Under the profile of the chronology such protections for the head had a long life, from 13th until 16th century, however, conforming with the date proposed by Vignola for the piece of Attimis, the specific morphology of the helmet found precise elements of comparison with the 14th century iconography. By looking at the helmet from the sides, it shows a typical gleaning towards the lower edge, raising to the brow part. This is visible on many cervelliere and bascinets of the 14th century, on the prototypes visible in the so-called biadaiolo (code of the mid-14th century) of the Medicean Laurentian Library in Florence, in the already quoted frescoes of Saint Abbondius and even in some cervelliere represented in the Manesse Code. The ancient sources call such type of objects bascinet, having the shape of a basin or basin without lip, although the shape of the helmet that is modernly designated with this name, has a rather ogival shape as for the head gears of the second half of the fourteenth century. Cervelliere or early bascinets like our specimen, may be dated to the first half of the 14th century, but the formal adherence to the progression of the skull makes it difficult to secure a chronological staggering. However, an artifact examined by Scalini, datable to 1330, from Perugia, shows protective side parts like this specimen, which descend to protect the ears, and allowed also a more comfortable overlap to the knitted shirt. This specimen was used to draw water from a well, until that is was not recognised for its importance. (Scalini, 2007, pp.106-107"). Anecdotally, medieval literature credits the invention of the cervellière to astrologer Michael Scot (Michele Scoto) in 1223. This history is not seriously entertained by most scholars, but in the Chronicon Nonantulanum is recorded that the astrologer devised the iron-plate cap shortly before his own predicted death, which he still inevitably met when a stone weighing two ounces fell on his protected head. Fine condition. Extremely rare.

Lot 535

6th-7th century AD. A substantial flat-section gold cross with stamped triangular decorated border enclosing inscription: 'CX REX VICTVRIA'; attributed to King Agilulf; mounted on a custom-made stand. 46 grams, 70mm including stand (2 3/4"). Property of a West Yorkshire collector; formerly property of a London gentleman; acquired from a major Mayfair gallery; acquired on the London art market before 2000; accompanied by an original Oxford Labs metal analysis report number 00939-2017LJ. The inscription 'VICTURIA' and 'REX' appears on several items that belonged to Agilulf (ca. 515-616 AD), the king of the Lombards who accepted Christianity to appease his wife, Theodelinda, the widow of his predecessor King Authari. Under Agilulf, the Lombards accepted Arian Christianity; in 603, the king adopted the Roman Catholic faith and baptised his son, Adaloald. A representation of the king appears on a helmet panel from Valdinievole, now in the Bargello, Florence. Stamped decoration in the form of a triangle with three dots inside was popular among Germanic tribes, used during the Early and High Middle Ages. Very fine condition, ancient chip to top. Extremely rare.

Lot 560

10th-12th century AD. A restrung necklace of silver drum-shaped hollow beads with interstitial disc pendants bearing granule and filigree ornament, two Thor's hammer pendants and five hollow-formed masks with cells to the eyes, applied moustache, beard and helmet detailing. 95 grams, 35.5cm (14"). Part of a West London collection; formerly the property of a European gentleman living in Germany; acquired in Germany in the 1990s. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Lot 91

3rd century AD. A bronze statuette of Mars (Ares), possibly with the features of the emperor Elagabalus, standing and naked with Corinthian helmet, shield in left hand with floral pattern, sash across the chest, decorative column to the left leg; standing on a stepped base with floral decoration; mounted on a custom-made stand. 138 grams, 12cm including stand (4 3/4"). Property of a West Yorkshire collector; acquired from the private collection of Derek Glover in the early 1990s. Very fine condition, lower left arm absent.

Lot 539

MONTBLANC. A Montblanc Writer's Series Jules Verne fountain pen, with 18ct. white gold Montblanc 4810 nib. The nib engraved with an antique diver's helmet. Piston filler. Barrel & cap blue guilloche enamelled with platinum plated mountings. The cap with Jules Verne facsimile signature, also stamped 12425/18500.

Lot 1012

A good late 18th Century black japanned tavern clock by William Frodsham, Kingsgate Street, Red Lion Square, the 24ins diameter painted wood dial with Roman numerals and with gilt painted metal hands, to the eight day single train movement with tapered brass plates, turned pillars and with passing strike on hour, contained in black japanned case with shaped and gilt decorated wings, the shaped trunk door decorated with a crest of an ornate helmet and worded " Seigneur Je Te Prie Garde Ina Vie" (Lord I Beseech Thee Save My Life) 56ins high Note: William Frodsham recorded working Red Lion Square London, born 1728, Member of the Clockmakers Company 1781, Died 1807 - Expert on Harrison's and Earnshaw's chronometers

Lot 645

A World War II German Fallschirmjager double decal steel helmet, bears No. 788 to the inside rear folded rim, and also bears 'ET71' on the inner left hand side denoting the size. There is evidence of winter overpainting, eagle over swastika decal to left-hand side and blue, white and red shield to right-hand side

Lot 646

A World War II German steel helmet finished in olive green paint, with eagle over swastika decal, the inner rim stamped "3134", and with leather lining

Lot 650

Six full size reproduction medieval steel helmets of various historic periods, including - Threcian gladiators helmet, Roman Imperial Gallic type with white crest, and Greek helmet of Corinthian type with black and white crest

Lot 651

Eight steel military helmets, some with camouflage covers, and a composite helmet liner

Lot 652

A collection of military helmets and caps, including - Eastern European steel helmet, and Soviet winter cap (29)

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