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Lot 619
SET OF SIX SILVER SPECIMEN TEASPOONS, ALONG WITH FURTHER CASED SILVER the specimen spoons detailing six individual city assays, further cased silver comprising a pair of butter knives and a cased set of five coffee spoons, also a pair of silver knife rests, a coin bowl toddy ladel (handle loose), and a further butter knife
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Thetford, Atsurr, eadred renx a,](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/c2a49854-c740-4453-82b6-b10100a00402/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1021
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Thetford, Atsurr, eadred renx a, rev. +atser on detfor, 1.11g/6h (Bt 22, this coin; Carson 127; Freeman 39; BMC 1556). A little creased otherwise very fine, light hoard patina £200-£260 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 23
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Thetford, Godwine, [––]rex a : :](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/d90f43e6-8c28-46c8-8a27-b10100a0019a/468x382.jpg)
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Thetford, Atsurr, eadred renxa,](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/e89e3048-e1af-4a17-accf-b10100a00502/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1020
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Thetford, Atsurr, eadred renxa, rev. +azara on ðetfo, 1.03g/6h (Bt 24, this coin; Carson –; Freeman 39; BMC –). A little striking weakness, otherwise good very fine and lightly patinated; the reverse reading irregular and rare £300-£400 --- The obverse die used to strike this coin was also paired with a reverse die employing the more regular reverse reading atser on deffor (SCBI Ashmolean 1043; SCBI South Eastern Museum 1629; E. Bohr lot 118). The large majority of Facing Bust obverse dies share a uniformity of style indicative of centralised production in single workshop. Thetford moneyers (including Atsurr, Godric and Sumarlithi) made use of obverse dies from an alternative source, distinguished by their broad face and simplified drapery. Obverse dies of a similar appearance were also used at the mints of Rochester (SCBI Fitzwilliam 948), York (SCBI Fitzwilliam 958, ect.) and Lincoln (Mossop LXXVIII, 28, etc.).
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Hastings, Kolsveinn, eadpard re[](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/eafef689-00a8-4b9b-81e0-b10100a00fcb/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1008
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Hastings, Kolsveinn, eadpard re[–] ang:. rev. +colspegen on hæs, four wedge-shaped pellets attached to inner circle, 1.03g/6h (Bt 10, this coin; Freeman 19; Parsons p.54; HHK 132; BMC 518). Flan crimped with resulting edge crack, otherwise fine, a rare variety £90-£120 --- Kolsveinn was a moneyer for the last two types of the reign.
Lot 1091
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Oxford, Ælfwi, Gp B, +harold rex ng, rev. +ielfpi on oxenefo, 1.33g/9h (Bt 101, this coin; Pagan, NM p.193 [six examples noted]; BMC 77; SA 1012, 872, same obv. die). About very fine, light hoard patina; the mint very rare in this reign £2,000-£2,600
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Ipswich, Beorhtric, eadpard re:,](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/edf546d3-f35f-4343-be01-b10100a00e1c/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1010
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Ipswich, Beorhtric, eadpard re:, rev. +brihtric on gipp, crescent in third quarter of central cross, 1.07g/9h (Bt 12, this coin; Sadler 765 [O1/R3]; Freeman 19; Parsons p.59; BMC 443). Fine, mottled patina, some weakness of strike £90-£120
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Hastings, Dunning, Gp B, +harold rex ang, rev. +dvnnin](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/8c83c020-bbdb-40f0-987f-b101009fed55/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1045
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Hastings, Dunning, Gp B, +harold rex ang, rev. +dvnning on hæ, 1.26g/12h (Bt 55, this coin; Pagan, NM p.190 [two examples noted]; HHK 143; Montagu 164, same dies). Minute scratch on reverse, otherwise good very fine with mottled hoard patina; extremely rare and evocative £5,000-£6,000 --- Coin production at Hastings is first recorded in Æthelstan's Grately code (c. 926-30). This wide-ranging administrative document stipulated (amongst other things) the number of moneyers who were to be employed at each mint-place; Hastings was afforded one moneyer. It is quite surprising, then, that no coins of Æthelstan, or his immediate successors, can be attributed to the town. Instead, Hastings is first named on Æthelred II's Second Hand type, some sixty years later. Thereafter, the mint appears to have been fairly active, producing a steady flow of coinage down to the Anarchy in the mid twelfth century. The exception to this rule is found within the reign of Harold II, when output appears to have been greatly reduced. Pagan, in his survey of Harold II's coinage, notes only 8 specimens of Hastings, compared to 15, 41 and 30 at the nearby Sussex mints of Chichester, Lewes and Steyning respectively. This pattern is also borne out by the recent Chew Valley hoard: of the 1,238 coins of Harold II contained within, only 3 carry a Hastings mint signature. This compares to 244 from Chichester, 22 from Lewes, and 97 from Steyning. Hastings, then, is demonstrably an extremely rare mint in this type. The Braintree specimen is only the second Harold II penny of Hastings to be offered for sale by public auction in the last forty years. The other, sold through these rooms, achieved a hammer price of £20,000.
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Chichester, Ælfwine, Gp B, +harold rex ang, no fillets](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/ddb89097-9ebc-4e3e-b2a0-b101009ff50f/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1038
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Chichester, Ælfwine, Gp B, +harold rex ang, no fillets to crown, rev. +ælwine on cicei, 1.30g/8h (Bt 45, this coin; Pagan, NM p.190 [ten examples noted]; BMC 5, same dies; HHK 134). Good very fine, mottled hoard patina, rare £2,400-£3,000 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 44 Late Anglo-Saxon pennies were struck from square faced dies (with faceted corners). A collar was probably employed in the striking process; this overlapped the two dies and kept the trussel stable in the striking process. As result we find that the trussel die is locked in a fixed plane of alignment with the obverse die. For the majority of Harold’s pennies in the Braintree Hoard we see this alignment is 12h, 3h, 6h, 9h. The present coin (and the following die duplicate) follows a different alignment: 11h, 2h, 5h, 8h. The engraver responsible for cutting these Chichester dies also sunk dies employed at Ipswich (Braintree 56-58), and these follow this adjusted die-alignment.
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Pyramids type [BMC XV; BEH I; N 831; S 1184], Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, eadp[–]d rex, rev.](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/dc57b567-ad6c-4669-b4dc-b101009ffe08/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1029
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Pyramids type [BMC XV; BEH I; N 831; S 1184], Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, eadp[–]d rex, rev. +folcpine on[––]d:, 1.12g/3h (Bt 35, this coin; Parsons –; Freeman –; BMC –). Ragged and double-struck; the mint previously unattested in this type £90-£120 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 32-4
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Radiate type [BMC I; BEH A; N 816; S 1173], Penny, Lincoln, Godric, +edperd rex a, rev. +go](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/50984458-3360-4bba-b5e1-b10100a0154b/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1001
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Radiate type [BMC I; BEH A; N 816; S 1173], Penny, Lincoln, Godric, +edperd rex a, rev. +godric on linco, 1.07g/9h (Bt 1, this coin; Freeman 162; Mossop pl. lxviii, 14 [Bb]; BMC 666). Minute perforation in legend, otherwise very fine £150-£180 --- Godric is one of the most prolific and longest-serving moneyers of Edward’s reign producing coins of every type except Pyramids [Freeman p.110]. An outlier in the structure of the hoard, this specimen was over twenty years old when the coins were buried.
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Canterbury, Edwine, Gp A, +harol[d r]ex anglo, rev. +e](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/2abcacf6-fb8a-4502-8799-b101009ff611/468x382.jpg)
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Godric, Gp A, +hardld rex anglo, rev. +godric](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/7e5f9e40-03b6-42f1-99ae-b101009fdefe/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1059
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Godric, Gp A, +hardld rex anglo, rev. +godric n lvnde, 1.25g/9h (Bt 71, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [seven examples noted]; BMC 61ff; SCBI NM 1081, same obv. die). Softly struck, very fine, excellent metal; struck from dies of curious manufacture £900-£1,200 --- Struck from the same obverse die as Braintree 68-9 The fourth letter of the king’s name is distinctively shaped, with the two pronounced sinister serifs giving the character the appearance of a D. While the significance of this is not immediately apparent, it is curious that the same feature can be found on an obverse die employed at Thetford, also under a moneyer Godric (Braintree 113). Godric struck at London throughout the reign of Edward, while his namesake was active at Thetford during the last three types of the Confessor’s reign. This coin is irregular in additional respects. For one, the crown is unusually crude, extending beyond the back of the head in a quite awkward fashion, a feature also seen on a London penny of Eadwine (Braintree 67). The reader should also note the short copulative N employed on the reverse, a most unusual feature in this period. Gareth Williams, in discussing the Chew Valley hoard, noticed the presence in that assemblage of several coins of Harold signed by Godric which carried blundered London mint signatures: ovnd and svni. We should also recall that Godric at London was one of the very few moneyers who struck coins under Harold with a right facing bust (SCBI Mack 1344). London appears to have been the centre of die-cutting within England, and we might expect that the dies used within that city would adhere closely to the stipulated standards and models. That such alterations could be made and tolerated suggests a breakdown in administrative authority; it is tempting to associate the various irregular coins of Godric with the chaos that surrounded the final weeks of Harold’s reign and the aftermath of his death on the 14th of October.
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Eadwine, Gp A, +harold rex anglo:, rev. +edpin](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/4ffd9c9b-676b-4276-9952-b101009fe1d5/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1056
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Eadwine, Gp A, +harold rex anglo:, rev. +edpine on lvndei, 1.28g/3h (Bt 66, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [20+ examples noted]; BMC 58). Extremely fine, superb portrait, light hoard patina over bright fresh metal £4,000-£5,000
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Godric, Gp A, +hardld rex anglo, rev. +godric](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/37de9f6f-0f0f-47b2-bb9e-b101009fdd38/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1061
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Godric, Gp A, +hardld rex anglo, rev. +godric on lvndi, 1.14g/6h (Bt 68, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [seven examples noted]; BMC 61ff; SCBI NM 1081, same obv. die). Chipped and with a few stress cracks in the legend, otherwise about fine, dark patina £300-£400 --- Struck from the same obverse die as Braintree 69 & 71
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Canterbury, Ælfric, eadpard re,](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/adc8c663-c70a-4f5c-99b2-b10100a012e5/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1004
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Canterbury, Ælfric, eadpard re, rev. +ælric on cantv, 1.09g/12h (Bt 4, this coin; Freeman –; BA 18, 1374, same dies). A little crimped, otherwise very fine, very rare £200-£260 --- Anthony Freeman records five moneyers working at the Canterbury mint under Edward the Confessor whose names begin ‘Æ’. Of these, two also end in ‘IC’ as is the case in the present coin; Ædric and Ælfric. These men were considered to be ‘single-type moneyers’ working in succession, the former in Facing Bust and the latter in Hammer Cross.
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Pyramids type [BMC XV; BEH I; N 831; S 1184], Cut Halfpenny, Sudbury, Folcwine, [–]dpard re](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/d0b7add6-0600-46d9-997b-b101009ffc89/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1031
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Pyramids type [BMC XV; BEH I; N 831; S 1184], Cut Halfpenny, Sudbury, Folcwine, [–]dpard re[–], rev. [––]on svð:, 0.47g/1h (Bt 34, this coin; Parsons –; Freeman –; BMC –). Very fine, dark patina; the mint previously unattested in this type £70-£90 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 32-3 & 35
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Norwich, Cenric, Gp A var., +harold [––]lo, rev. cinri](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/fdb743c2-9a04-4573-a5e5-b101009fc328/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1089
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Norwich, Cenric, Gp A var., +harold [––]lo, rev. cinric o[ –––], 0.99g/8h (Bt 99, this coin; Pagan, NM p.194 [one example noted]; BMC –; SCBI NM 1086, same dies). A fragment, retaining the king’s portrait and name, fine and extremely rare £120-£150 --- The obverse of this coin displays two of the defining characteristics of Pagan’s group A; long fillet ties, and the extended ethnic ‘[ANG]LO’. However obverse dies of this type ‘almost invariably have the pellet at the centre of the crown positioned just to the right of the cross at the beginning of the legend’. Here it is placed directly below the cross, as is normally the case on the group B dies.
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Cut Halfpenny, London, moneyer uncertain, Gp D, +harold [––––](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/7013305e-39d1-4a99-ab46-b101009fc7bb/468x382.jpg)
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Swetman, Gp B, +harold [–]x ang, rev. +zpetman](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/d0204125-08cb-4f2a-8aba-b101009fd1c4/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1073
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Swetman, Gp B, +harold [–]x ang, rev. +zpetman on lv, 1.30g/3h (Bt 80, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [9+ specimens noted]; BMC 70). Good fine, patchy patina £900-£1,200 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 122
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Northampton, Sæwine, Gp D var., +harold rex ang, rev.](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/c7d07e06-4c19-47e1-9b19-b101009fc3e2/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1088
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Northampton, Sæwine, Gp D var., +harold rex ang, rev. +siepine on hamt, 1.22g/2h (Bt 98, this coin; Pagan, NM p.195 [one example noted]; BMC 37). Bent with central crack, otherwise good fine, clear portrait, extremely rare £400-£500
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Thetford, Godwine, Gp B, +harold rex ang, rev. +odpine on ð[–]for, 1.30g/11h](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/4259b77f-5198-4e30-8b8e-b101009fb4d6/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1103
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Thetford, Godwine, Gp B, +harold rex ang, rev. +odpine on ð[–]for, 1.30g/11h (Bt 114, this coin; Pagan, NM p.194 [two examples noted]; Carson –; SCBI Fitzwilliam 978, same obv. die). Very fine, light hoard patina, slight crease £1,500-£1,800
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Canterbury, Eadweard, eadpard re](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/bb7f817f-fd5c-4995-8891-b10100a01228/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1100
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Thetford, Godric, Gp A, +hardld rex angl, rev. +godric on deot, 1.32g/9h (Bt 113, this coin; Pagan, NM p.194 [six examples noted]; Carson 3, same dies; BMC 122, same dies). Scattered marks, otherwise good fine £1,200-£1,500 --- Same irregular obverse reading as Godric at London (Braintree 69 and 71)
Lot 1107
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Worcester, Vikingr, Gp A var., +narold rex anglo:, rev. picing on pihri, 1.35g/3h (Bt 118, this coin; Pagan, NM p.198 [two examples noted]; BMC –; SCBI Glasgow 1219, same dies). Die shift, otherwise extremely fine, crisp fresh metal; the mint extremely rare in this reign £2,000-£2,600 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 117 In general terms the dies used to strike the present coin (and the following die duplicate) adhere to Pagan’s group A; indeed, they are described as such by that author. However, we might note several areas of deviation; king has short as opposed to long fillets; the first letter of his name has been rendered as an ‘N’; and finally, on the reverse, the frame above and below ‘PAX’ is rendered by plain lines, a characteristic normally associated with group D. All of these features are irregular and allow the possibility that the dies used to strike this coin were not engraved at one of the ‘national’ workshops. The responsible moneyer, Vikingr, also employed at this time another obverse die of remarkably crude style (EMC 2004.0228). Pagan notes that moneyers situated within the East Midlands had problems sourcing London-made dies, and turned instead to using dies of local manufacture; perhaps this disruption was felt at Worcester also.
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Swetman, Gp B, +harold rex angl, rev. +sγetman](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/cdbdcc4b-7cc8-44c3-85d0-b101009fd39e/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1071
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Swetman, Gp B, +harold rex angl, rev. +sγetman on lvn, 1.27g/6h (Bt 81, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [9+ examples noted]; BMC 71; SCBI Ashmolean 1100, same rev. die). Gently bowed, otherwise good very fine, light hoard patina over fresh metal £2,400-£3,000 --- Presented here is a most unusual portrait of Harold; the tilt of his head and exaggerated slant of the crown both serve to give the impression that the king is gazing skywards. This iconography recalls the famous ‘eyes to God’ coinage of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. It is not impossible that this similarity was evoked deliberately. The Anglo-Saxons had a preference for imitating Roman portraiture on their coinage; indeed the general scheme of Harold’s numismatic portrait, with the long neck, exaggerated musculature and heavy facial features derives from the common copper coinage of Claudius. During the early medieval period Constantine served as a ‘model for exemplary Christian kingship’ (Naismith 2012) and we find that his ‘eyes to God’ portrait was reproduced on certain coins of the Mercian king Offa (757-96). Perhaps the responsible engraver saw in Constantine an appropriate parallel to Harold; a ruler whose elevation was contentious and for whom success depended on martial victory and piety. Ultimately however, Harold failed to cross his Milvian Bridge.
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Leofsige, Gp D var., +harold rex ang, rev. +le](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/c7b7600c-1cf4-4716-a76c-b101009fd468/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1070
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Leofsige, Gp D var., +harold rex ang, rev. +leofsi on lvnden, 1.33g/9h (Bt 77, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [20 examples noted]; BMC 67). Slight crease through centre, otherwise good very fine, light hoard patina £3,000-£3,600 --- Struck from the same obverse die as Braintree 76, and the same reverse die as 74
![Harold II (1066), PAX type without Sceptre [BMC Ia; N 837; S 1187] , Penny, Colchester, Wulfwig, Gp D, +harold rex [angl], re](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/34c883ee-53fb-4186-a469-b101009fa2a8/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1117
Harold II (1066), PAX type without Sceptre [BMC Ia; N 837; S 1187] , Penny, Colchester, Wulfwig, Gp D, +harold rex [angl], rev. +[ –– ]pi on colec, 1.29g/3h (Bt 138, this coin; Pagan, NM p.194 [five examples noted]; BMC 7). Rather buckled with resulting weakness; fine and rare £500-£600 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 135
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Leofsige, Gp D var., +harold rex ang, crown wi](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/81317134-5825-405f-8983-b101009fd570/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1069
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, London, Leofsige, Gp D var., +harold rex ang, crown with curved band, rev. +leofsi on lvndei, 1.33g/3h (Bt 76, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [20+ specimens noted]; BMC 67). About extremely fine, gently bowed emphasising the superb portrait, light hoard patina over fresh metal £3,400-£4,000 --- Struck from the same obverse die as Braintree 77 Within the short reign of Harold we find a degree of compositional variation. The most fundamental distinction can be drawn between those coins which feature a sceptre by the bust and those which do not. In his authoritative essay on the coinage of Harold II, Hugh Pagan recognised four distinctive styles of obverse die (determined by factors such as the form of the crown and placement of the legend). Groups A and B feature straight crowns and include the sceptre; groups C and D employ curved crowns and are most often without sceptre. The lack the royal sceptre on some of Harold’s pennies has been discussed recently by Gareth Williams who concludes that ‘There is no reason to read any particular significance in the absence of the sceptre, and it seems likely that the omission was simply the result of carelessness’. Several points can be offered against Williams’ proposal, not least the fact that the majority of coins belonging to groups C and D are well-formed and attractive, showing no sign of carelessness. Pagan noted that the group D coins in particular have an ‘experimental’ character and it seems preferable to view this portion of the coinage as coming at the start of Harold’s reign. Coins of group D carry a quite distinct portrait; the king with heavy brow and the beard depicted by a series of short parallel lines. The responsible engraver (or an apprentice) continued to cut dies for group B (Bt 45, 55). It seems reasonable to assume that the rare group D variants (Bt 76, 77, 116) with the added sceptre represent a transitional period. Braintree 77 was struck from a reverse die later used, in a more worn state, to strike Braintree 74, a group A penny and this resonates with the stylistic primacy of group D and its variants. One possibility is that the addition of a sceptre was made in order to stress the legality of Harold’s succession which was not universally accepted and to emphasise the regality of his position and person. If so, the present coin offers fascinating insight into how royal power was projected and received on the eve of the Norman conquest.
![Harold II (1066), PAX type without Sceptre [BMC Ia; N 837; S 1187] , Penny, Dover, Cinstan, Gp C, +harold rex anglo, rev. +ci](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/6fd06fa8-0a36-4e5e-b7cb-b101009fa033/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1119
Harold II (1066), PAX type without Sceptre [BMC Ia; N 837; S 1187] , Penny, Dover, Cinstan, Gp C, +harold rex anglo, rev. +cinstan on dofi, 1.33g/3h (Bt 140, this coin; Pagan, NM p.191 [two examples noted]; SCBI Glasgow 1231, same dies; BMC 10). Extremely fine, lightly bowed emphasising the magnificent portrait, bright fresh metal; very rare thus £5,000-£6,000 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 139
![Harold II (1066), PAX type without Sceptre [BMC Ia; N 837; S 1187] , Penny, Colchester, Wulfwig, Gp D, +harold rex angl, rev.](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/9008423c-bd06-4d79-a1d0-b101009fa156/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1118
Harold II (1066), PAX type without Sceptre [BMC Ia; N 837; S 1187] , Penny, Colchester, Wulfwig, Gp D, +harold rex angl, rev. +pvlfpi on colec, 1.32g/3h (Bt 135, this coin; Pagan, NM p.194 [5 examples noted]; BMC 7). Annealed with a considerable stress crack running from 12 to 3 o’clock behind the king’s head; the fabric otherwise stable, fine and rare £240-£300 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 138
Lot 1081
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, London, Wulfweard, Gp B, +harold rex an, rev. +pvlfpard on lvi:, 1.28g/12h (Bt 87, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [seven examples noted]; BMC –; SCBI Ashmolean 1101, same obv. die; SCBI NM 1085, same rev. die). About very fine, dark patina £1,500-£1,800 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 88
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, Gp B, +harold rex angl, two pellets](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/cb35d1a2-9b26-4441-bd55-b101009fb9ac/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1098
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, Gp B, +harold rex angl, two pellets in field, one above the sceptre head and another behind the neck, small wedge leading from ‘X’ towards sceptre, rev. +folcpine on svd:, 1.27g/9h (Bt 105, this coin; Parsons –; Pagan, NM –; BMC –). Cleaned, peripheral weakness, good very fine; the mint previously unrecorded in this reign £1,800-£2,200 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 104 & 106-8
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, London, Wulfweard, Gp B, +harold r[––]n, rev. +pvlfpard on lvi, 1.26g/6h (Bt](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/047e1f32-d899-4182-9c75-b101009fc92d/468x382.jpg)
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, London, Godric, Gp A, +ha[–]ld rex a[–]l:, rev. g[––]ric o[––]inde:, 1.12g/9h](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/6da97586-f6e8-4823-8b90-b101009fdc69/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1062
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, London, Godric, Gp A, +ha[–]ld rex a[–]l:, rev. g[––]ric o[––]inde:, 1.12g/9h (Bt 94, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [7 examples noted]; BMC 61). A large fragment, creased and cracked; retaining a strong portrait of the king, very fine £200-£260
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Nottingham, Manna, Gp B, [–]old[––]ang[–], rev. +man[n](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/da5ff60f-5785-4549-96c3-b101009fc254/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1095
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, Gp B, +harold rex angl, two pellets in field, one above the sceptre head and another behind the neck, small wedge leading from ‘X’ towards sceptre, rev. +folcpine on svð:, 1.46g/6h (Bt 108, this coin; Parsons –; Pagan, NM –; BMC –). About extremely fine with light hoard patina; the mint previously unrecorded in this reign £3,000-£4,000 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 105-7 and 109; the mint not represented in the Chew Valley hoard. The mint of Sudbury was previously unrecorded in the reign of Harold; it is now known from five Pennies, all of which are offered for sale here. It is curious that the obverse die used to strike these coins has been ‘marked’ by the addition of pellets in the field and a small wedge that leads from the ‘X’ in the legend to the king’s sceptre. The possibility that these marks reflect a deliberate policy is reinforced by the fact that a similar set of marks occur on the only known obverse die to have been used by this moneyer in the preceding type, Pyramids (Braintree 32-5). One option, by no means certain, is that these marks form a rudimentary form of privy-marking. This approach to mint organisation, whereby the design of the dies was deliberately varied as a form of administrative control, manifests itself most clearly in the moneyers’ names appearing on the reverse dies used to strike England’s coinage from the mid eighth-century onwards. Attempts at more subtle privy marking are, by their very nature, harder to detect. Nevertheless, enough potential examples have been identified to suggest that use of this system was fairly common in Anglo-Saxon England. At the Ipswich mint of Ceolwulf I we find subtle variation in the obverse design which Naismith recognised as an effort ‘to distinguish the dies for each moneyer – presumably to prevent them from being interchangeable and thus reinforce the individual basis on which the moneyers worked’ (2012, 141). A similar scheme was used at York following Æthelstan’s conquest in 927, with coins frequently adorned with various ornaments, appearing most often in obverse field and legend. Blunt saw these ornaments as an ‘elaborate form of privy-marking’, and it seems likely that their function was to distinguish the dies allocated to the various labourers who assisted the sole moneyer, Ragnaldr, in his work. What then would have been the purpose of privy-marking Folcwine’s obverse dies? Perhaps, given the occasional nature of minting at Sudbury, there was a fear that the obverse dies allocated to Folcwine might ‘wander off’ to be used by some moneyer at nearby mint who required a fresh obverse die, but was keen to avoid paying the necessary seigniorage fees.
Lot 1086
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Maldon, Godwine, Gp B, +harold rex an, rev. +godpine on mel, 1.28g/12h (Bt 95, this coin; Pagan, NM p.194 [two examples noted]; BMC –; CB 660, same dies). Gentle curve to flan and with some striking weakness on the reverse, otherwise very fine and extremely rare £1,500-£1,800 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 96 & 97
Lot 1097
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, Gp B, +harold rex angl, two pellets in field, one above the sceptre head and another behind the neck, small wedge leading from ‘X’ towards sceptre, rev. +folcpine on svð:, 1.30g/9h (Bt 107, this coin; Parsons –; Pagan, NM –; BMC –). Lightly bowed, otherwise good very fine, with a strong portrait and light hoard patina; the mint previously unrecorded in this reign £3,000-£4,000 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 105-6 & 108-9
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Maldon, Godwine, Gp B, +h[–]rold rex an, rev. +godpine](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/16edc912-63f5-45c5-906e-b101009fc6cd/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1085
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Maldon, Godwine, Gp B, +h[–]rold rex an, rev. +godpine on mel, 1.37g/9h (Bt 97, this coin; Pagan, NM p.194 [two examples noted]; BMC –; CB 660, same dies). Some peripheral weakness, otherwise good very fine and extremely rare; light hoard patina over fresh bright metal £2,400-£3,000 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 95 & 96 Few pennies of Maldon are known from the reign of Edward the Confessor, and even fewer from that of Harold (there was only one example in Chew Valley). The presence of three die-duplicates here can be explained by the proximity of the mint to Braintree. In a later period Maldon appears to have held a close relationship with the nearby mint of Colchester; Naismith notes that in 1086 ‘the two made a joint payment to the king for their respective minting privileges’. The co-operation of the two mints can also be detected in the reign of Edward when Godwine (Maldon’s sole moneyer under Harold) was temporarily transferred to Colchester during the currency of the Hammer Cross type.
Lot 1093
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Southwark, Osmund, Gp A, +harold rex anglo, rev. +osmvnd on svdep 1.18g/9h (Bt 103, this coin; Pagan, NM p.192 [three examples noted]; BMC 87). Rather crimped with minute edge tear at 6 o’clock, otherwise very fine, excellent portrait £900-£1,200
Lot 1048
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Ipswich, Ælfwine, Gp B, +harold rex ang, rev. +ælfwine on gippes, 1.30g/2h (Bt 57, this coin; Pagan, NM p.190 [2 examples noted]; Sadler 808 [O1/R1]; BMC 32). Chipped at 9 o’clock with associated stress crack, otherwise very fine and very rare £900-£1,200 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 56 & 58
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Thetford, Atsurr, eadred renx a,](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/499da20e-1213-4b29-a6db-b10100a00332/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1022
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Thetford, Atsurr, eadred renx a, rev. atser on detfor, 1.11g/1h (Bt 23, this coin; Carson 127; Freeman 39; BMC 1556). Slight curve to flan, otherwise very fine £150-£180 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 22
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, Ipswich, Brunman, eadpard re, re](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/ac064333-0566-432f-b7ea-b10100a00d57/468x382.jpg)
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, Gp B, +harold rex angl, two pellets](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/d436dd92-10ec-4cee-8f15-b101009fb8b8/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1099
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, Gp B, +harold rex angl, two pellets in field, one above the sceptre head and another behind the neck, small wedge leading from ‘X’ towards sceptre, rev. +folcpin[e on] svd:, 1.24g/6h (Bt 106, this coin; Parsons –; Pagan, NM –; BMC –). Edge pushed over at 3 o’clock and with some scattered marks, otherwise very fine; the mint previously unrecorded in this reign £900-£1,200 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 104-5 & 107-8
![Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, London, Æthelwine, eadpard rex a](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/726f55da-c9ea-4329-82a4-b10100a00c9d/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1012
Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Facing Bust type [BMC XIII; BEH Ac; N 830; S 1183], Penny, London, Æthelwine, eadpard rex a::, rev. +æglpin. on lvnde, 1.13g/12h (Bt 14, this coin; Freeman 39; BMC 1048-9). Cleaned, very fine £240-£300 --- Æthelwine was one of eight main moneyers operating at London during this issue.
Lot 1096
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre, Penny, Sudbury, Folcwine, Gp B, +harold rex angl, two pellets in field, one above the sceptre head and another behind the neck, small wedge leading from ‘X’ towards sceptre, rev. +folcpine on svd:, 1.30g/6h (Bt 109, this coin; Parsons –; Pagan, NM –; BMC –). About extremely fine, sharply struck on fresh bright metal; the mint previously unrecorded in this reign £3,000-£4,000 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 105-8
![Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Cambridge, Godwine, Gp A, +harold rex anglo:, rev. +go](https://cdn.globalauctionplatform.com/d7704f8c-a359-4688-9d10-b101009ad71a/1c628341-651c-4869-8018-b101009ff83a/468x382.jpg)
Lot 1035
Harold II (1066), PAX type with Sceptre [BMC I; N 836; S 1186], Penny, Cambridge, Godwine, Gp A, +harold rex anglo:, rev. +godpine on grantv, 1.31g/12h (Bt 39, this coin; Pagan, NM p.195 [one example noted]; Jacob 36, same dies; BMC –). A little crimped and with light deposits, otherwise very fine and extremely rare £2,000-£2,600 --- Struck from the same dies as Braintree 40 Godwine was a fairly prolific moneyer at Cambridge during the Confessor’s reign.
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