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KOLLWITZ KATHE: (1867-1945) German artist. A good A.L.S., Kathe Kollwitz, four pages, 8vo, n.p., 2nd April 1920, to Dora Hitz, on the printed stationery of the Frauenkunstverband (Women's Art Association), in German. Kollwitz states that she was sorry to hear that her correspondent was back in hospital, and continues 'Now to your picture, which is very beautiful, I like it a lot. You want it hung in one of the first halls. But you will only really understand the Berlin Secession if you take a look inside. Radical changes have been made which is evident from the fact that almost all of the rooms have been repainted, in the most vibrant bright colours. Luckily, hanging up the pictures is none of my business, it is done by a member of the board. I imagine hanging up the pictures in the lower rooms as very difficult. I am going back in a few days to see how they have hung up your picture and will then let you know. I will communicate your wishes to the Commission', further referring to another female artist, 'Lore Feldberg, who I consider very talented, was initially supposed to exhibit two works of art, but unfortunately it was then decided to take only one. Her self-portrait with tulips is now on display'. A letter of fine content and excellent association. A dark ink blot appears to the upper left corner, slightly affecting the printed letterhead. VGDora Hitz (1856-1924) German painter, a co-founder of the Berlin Secession and Court Painter to the Romanian Royal Family.Eleonore Feldberg (1895-1966) German painter who studied under Dora Hitz.

BUSH GEORGE H. W.: (1924-2018) American President 1989-93. T.L.S., George Bush, one page, 4to, New York, 23rd June 1972, to William W. Smith, on the printed stationery of the United States Representative to the United Nations. Bush thanks his correspondent for their thoughtful letter and continues to comment 'It's just great to hear from people like you who support President Nixon and realize his dedication to world peace and as well, who understand the efforts we are trying to make toward peace here at the U.N. There are indeed some shortcomings here which must be corrected and believe me, I am trying to make the U.N. even more effective than it is today'. Some light age wear and minor creasing, about VG

‘The Emperor has won a very big battle against the Russians…. I have just received the news’ CLARKE HENRI-JACQUES-GUILLAUME: (1765-1818) 1st Duc de Feltre. Franco-Irish General in the French Revolutionary Wars, also a politician who served as Minister of War 1807-14, 1815 & 1815-17. Marshal of France. An excellent L.S., Duc de Feltre, three pages, folio, Paris, 21st September 1812, to Marie-Francois Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga, on the printed stationery of the Minister of War, in French. Clarke states that he has received his correspondent's letter, and regrets the situation he has learnt of at Bilbao, continuing 'L'intention de l'Empereur n'est pas de sacrifier inutilement des troupes pour l'occuper, malgre toutes l'importance de ce point....mais ce point est trop essentiel pour ne pas le tenir compte avec les forces necessaires pour le defendre et votre position ne serait plus tenable si les ennemis, que je vois deja avec tant de peine a Castro, s'etablissaient a Bilbao. L'etat de choses changera apres que les renforts auront joint l'armee du Portugal. Les Anglais ne paraissent pas s'occuper de cette armee qu'ils croient avoir mis pour longtemps dans l'impossibilite d'agir et j'ai lieu de presumer que Lord Wellington tourne ses vue d'un autre cote. Des que l'armee de Portugal pourra reprendre l'offensive la chance doit tourner en notre faveur….. La situation des affaires n'a point extremement souffert par le mouvement que le Roi [Joseph Bonaparte] s'est vu sur le cas de faire sur Valence; la reunion de l'armee du centre a celle du marechal duc d'Albufera [Suchet] a eu lieu au moment meme ou les Anglais, ayant fait un debarquement a Alicante, des renforts etaient a desirer pour l'armee de Valence. Rien ne pouvait donc venir plus a propos, dans ces circonstances, que l'arrivee d'un corps aussi considerable de bonnes troupes, a l'armee du duc d'Albufera, il lui assure une superiorite decidee sur l'ennemi qu'il a en-tete et doit faire echouer tous les projets des Anglais dans cette partie. De votre cote, quand vous ne serez plus inquiete par mer vous vous trouverez dans une position bien plus avantageuses pour assurer vos communications et travailler' (Translation: 'The Emperor's intention is not to sacrifice troops unnecessarily to occupy it, despite all the importance of this point….but this point is too essential not to be taken into account with the forces necessary to defend it and your position would no longer be tenable if the enemies, whom I already see with so much difficulty in Castro, were to establish themselves in Bilbao. The state of things will change after the reinforcements have joined the army of Portugal. The English do not seem to care about this army which they believe they have for a long time made it impossible to act and I have reason to presume that Lord Wellington is turning his sights in another direction. As soon as the army of Portugal can resume the offensive, luck must turn in our favour….The situation of affairs has not been greatly affected by the movement that the King [Joseph Bonaparte] has seen fit to make on Valencia; the meeting of the central army with that of the Marshal Duke of Albufera [Suchet] took place at the very moment when the English, having made a landing at Alicante, reinforcements were to be desired for the army of Valencia. Nothing, therefore, could have come more apropos, in these circumstances, than the arrival of such a considerable body of good troops, to the army of the Duke of Albufera, it assures him of a decided superiority over the enemy he has in mind and must defeat all the projects of the English in this part. On your side, when you are no longer worried by sea you will find yourself in a much more advantageous position to ensure your communications and work'). In a holograph postscript, signed ('Le D de F') by Feltre with his initials, he announces 'L'Empereur a gagné une tres grande bataille sur les Russes a Mojaisk le 7 Septembre, J'en recois a l'instant la nouvelle' (Translation: 'The Emperor has won a very big battle against the Russians at Mozhaysk on 7th September. I have just received the news'). A letter of good association and fine military content, written as Napoleon was marching towards Moscow. One small spindle hole to the lower left margin, not affecting the text or signature, VGMarie-Francois Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga (1766-1849) French General of Italian descent who served as an aide-de-camp to Napoleon Bonaparte in 1800. Caffarelli was later employed in Spain where he defeated an attempted English landing at Laredo, seized Bilbao, and was named governor of Biscay in 1811, completely routing Mina's band of guerrillas and contributing to the raising of the siege of Burgos.In the present letter the Duc de Feltre commits a small error in the news he excitedly provides in his postscript. There was, strictly speaking, no battle that took place at Mozhaysk; it is the famous battle Battle of Moscow (also known as the Battle of Borodino) which took place on 7th September 1812. Mozhaysk is located 110 km to the west of Moscow and the town, situated on the historic road leading to Smolensk, and then Poland, played a role in defending the Western approaches to Moscow in the 19th and 20th centuries, and in 1812 the Battle of Borodino took place 12 km away. Napoleon arrived at Mozhaysk on the 9th September where, suffering from a sever cold, he stayed for three days. It is possible that the letter Clarke received with the news was dated from Mozhaysk which may have given rise to his confusion, given the remoteness of the location coupled with the imperfection of the maps.  

GOYA FRANCISCO JOSE DE: (1746-1828) Spanish Painter. Goya is considered the most important Spanish Painter of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and is regarded as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. A precursor of the Expressionism. His masterpiece portrayal of a naked woman, La Maja Desnuda ("The Naked Maja"), now in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, was a remarkably daring nude for the time, renowned for the unashamed gaze of the model towards the viewer without negative connotations. An exceptionally rare L.S., `Fran[cis]co de Goya´, three pages, 4to, Bordeaux, 30th November 1824, to the Duchess of San Fernando, in Spanish. Goya apologies for his hasty departure from Paris preventing him from saying goodbye to her himself, stating in part `Cuando salí de Paris para venir a esta [ciudad], dispuse atropelladamente mi viaje; el tiempo urgía, me hallaba sin dinero, y admití la oferta de unos amigos que me anticiparon los gastos del camino…´ (Translation: `When I left Paris to come to this [city], I hastily organized my trip; time was urgent, I was without money, and I accepted the offer of some friends who anticipated the expenses of the trip…") Goya is still not sure about his near future and explains that his has requested to the King of Spain an extension of his permission to leave his court painter obligations, saying `Aqui estoy, sin saber lo que debo hacer de mi. He pedido una prórroga, siquiera para poder pasar el invierno al calor de la chimenea, y no se si S[u] M[ajestad] tendrá a bien de concedérmela…´ (Translation: "Here I am, not knowing what I should make of myself. I have asked for an extension, at least that I can spend the winter in the warmth before a fireplace, and I don't know if H[is] M[ajesty] will be good enough to grant it to me…") Further again, Goya explains in full detail what the present he has sent to his correspondent is, being some drafts, drawings and figurines of three dwarfs, stating in part `Me tomo la libertad de remitir a V.E. esos tres comisionados, a quienes doy el encargo especial de asegurarla cuan agradecido estoy a la memoria que conserva de mi, y cuanto deseo complacerla y servirla. Son tres enanos que se presentaron en la feria de Burdeos dos meses hace, y me pareció conveniente sacar un tanteo de sus caras y sus figurillas. El de los pantaloncitos tiene 18 pulgadas, de los otros dos (que son marido y mujer) ella tiene 21 pulgadas y el esposo 20. Celebraré que cumplan su comisión, según los deseos del invalido que los envia´ (Translation: `I take the liberty of sending to Y.E. those three commissioners [referring to his three dwarfs figurines], to whom I give the special charge of assuring you how grateful I am to the memory you keep of me, and how much I wish to please and serve you. They are three dwarfs who appeared at the Bordeaux fair two months ago, and I thought it convenient to make a test of their faces and their figurines. The one with the short trousers is 18 inches, and the other two (who are husband and wife) she is 21 inches and the husband is 20. I will celebrate that they fulfil their commission, according to the wishes of the invalid who sends them" [Goya refers here to himself]) Goya has a lengthy list of important portraits paintings of dwarfs. An exceptional document, with very interesting content related to Goya´s last years, short after his arrival to France, and referring to his work on three dwarves he met at a fair in Bordeaux. A letter in very fine condition. VG  Goya became a court painter to the Spanish Crown in 1786 and this early part of his career is marked by portraits of the Spanish aristocracy. In 1793 an illness left him deaf, after which his work became progressively darker. In 1799 Goya became the First Court Painter, the highest rank for a Spanish court Painter, under King Charles IV of Spain. During the Peninsular War and Napoleon´s invasion of Spain, Goya remained in Madrid, and his series of paintings Disasters of War, or his painting The Second of May 1808, show how much this war affected him deeply, fearing for his country´s fate. He also painted important portraits of the Royal Spanish family and of Lord Wellington.His late period is marked by the Black Paintings, on the plaster walls of his own house "La Quinta del Sordo" ("The House of the Deaf Man") where disillusioned by political and religious corruption, and by social developments in Spain, he lived near isolation. He also painted dwarves, and persons with insanity or in mental asylums, as well as themes related with witches and fantastical creatures. Goya abandoned Spain in 1824, the year of the present letter, to retire to the French city of Bordeaux from where the present letter is written. He was accompanied by his maid and companion Leocadia Weiss, 42 years younger than him, although it remains unclear if she was or not his lover.It was at that time and in Bordeaux where Goya completed his well-known series of paintings La Tauromaquia, depicting bullfighting scenes.  Goya died and was buried in Bordeaux, but was later re-interred in the Royal Hermitage of San Antonio de la Florida in Madrid. Famously, the skull was missing, and the Spanish consul to Bordeaux reported so to his superiors in Madrid, who wired back "Send Goya, with or without head". The present letter is most probably in the hand of Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1760-1828) Spanish Dramatist, Poet, and translator of works of Moliere and Shakespeare into Spanish. Goya made his friend´s portrait in his late years in Bordeaux. Fernandez de Moratin lived his late years in exile in France and died in Paris only two months after Goya passed away in Bordeaux.  The present letter is written to Maria Luisa of Bourbon and Villabriga (1783-1846) Duchess of San Fernando de Quiroga. She was directly related to several Kings of Spain, being the grand-daughter of Philip V, the niece of Charles III, and cousin of Charles IV. Maria Luisa and her husband, first duke of San Fernando, went into exile in 1823 to Paris.

TAXI DRIVER: Martin Scorsese (1942- ) American film Director, Academy Award winner & Paul Schrader (1946- ) American screenwriter and film Director. Signed and inscribed 10 x 8 photograph by both Scorsese and Schrader individually, the image depicting the director and the screenwriter of Taxi Driver (1976) standing in three-quarter length poses together alongside Robert De Niro on the set of the film. Signed in black fountain pen inks respectively to the image. Scorsese adding the place, Paris, in his hand and Schrader adding the date, 9th April 1982, in his hand. EX.Provenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink.

MOREAU JEANNE: (1928-2017) French actress. Signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph of Moreau standing in a full-length pose in costume as Eloise, Marchioness of Frinton, in a scene from the British drama film The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1964). Signed by Moreau in bold fountain pen ink to a clear area at the base of the image. About EX Provenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink.  

BETHUNE MAXIMILIEN DE: (1560-1641) 1st Duke of Sully, Marquis of Rosny and Nogent. French nobleman, soldier, statesman and trusted counsellor of King Henry IV of France who served as Chief Minister of France 1589-1611. D.S., Maximilian De Bethune, four pages, 4to, Paris, 28th November 1594, in Middle French. The manuscript document, un-transcribed, apparently refers to certain rents and is also countersigned by Rachel de Cochefilet (1566-1659) the second wife of De Bethune whom he married in 1592, and Anne Hennequin, wife of Jehan de Reffuge. An amendment to the document in the margin of the third page is signed by De Bethune in his capacity as Marquis of Rosny. Some very light, minor age wear, VG 

HACKMAN GENE: (1930-     ) American actor, Academy Award winner. Signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph of Hackman in a head and shoulders pose, in costume as Max Millan, smoking a cigar, from the American road movie Scarecrow (1973). Signed by Hackman in black fountain pen ink to a clear area of the image. VG Provenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink.  

Dolomieu’s manuscript notes on the essence of geological research –‘Errors experienced prevent the mind from dealing with new research: we think we know and this is the greatest obstacle to really knowing’  DOLOMIEU DEODAT GRATET DE: (1750-1801) French geologist after whom the mineral and the rock dolomite were named. A supporter of Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolution, Dolomieu was captured and held as a prisoner of war in Italy from 1799. Following Napoleon's successful invasion of Italy, one of the terms dictated by him in the peace treaty of Florence in March 1801 was the immediate release of Dolomieu. An extremely rare autograph manuscript signed, with his initials G D D, two pages, 12mo (6.5 x 9.5 cm), n.p., n.d., in French. Dolomieu's manuscript notes, comprising thirty-seven lines written in a small, although perfectly legible, hand is entitled 'Les Erreurs reconnues sont des verites acquises' (Translation: 'The errors recognised are the truths acquired') and states, in part, 'et leur decouverte est d'autant plus utile qu'elles ont été de nature à séduire beaucoup de gens. Les erreurs vécues empechent l'esprit de s'occuper de nouvelles recherches: on croit savoir et c'est le plus grand obstacle a savoir reellement…….La verite recherchee par les hommes est comme le feu qu'ils produisent avec des matieres combustibles; plus elle s'etend, plus elle a de tendance a s'etendre de nouveau. On fait un pas vers la decouverte de la cause d'un phenomene quelconque lorsque l'on trouve que les causes auxquelles on l´attribuait n'ont aucun rapport avec lui. Comme il n'y a point d'effets sans causes, lorsqu'on decouvre un plus grand nombre de faits qui, quoique contemporain d'un phenomene, n'ont point de rapports avec lui, on se rapproche de la connaissance de la cause qui pourra l'expliquer. Cette methode d'approche de la verite, qu'on peut dire negative et d'exclusion peut reussir finalement quoiqu'elle puisse etre longue. Mais elle est essentielle a employer surtout dans les recherches geologiques' (Translation: 'and their discovery is all the more useful in that they have been of a nature to seduce many people. Errors experienced prevent the mind from dealing with new research: we think we know and this is the greatest obstacle to really knowing…….The truth sought by men is like the fire they produce with combustible materials; the more it expands, the more it tends to expand again. One takes a step toward discovering the cause of any phenomenon when one finds that the causes to which it was attributed have no connection with it. As there are no effects without causes, when we discover a greater number of facts which, although contemporaneous with a phenomenon, have no connection with it, we come closer to knowing the cause that can explain it. This method of approaching the truth, which can be said to be negative and of exclusion, can ultimately succeed, although it may take a long time. But it is essential to use especially in geological research'). An interesting and important text. Some very light, minor foxing and age wear, otherwise VGThe text of Dolomieu’s manuscript originates from a scientific work published in 1778-79 by Jean-Andre Deluc (1727-1817) Swiss geologist, natural philosopher and meteorologist who devised measuring instruments. Deluc’s father was a supporter of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Jean-Andre also wrote of conversations he had experienced with Voltaire and Rousseau in an essay on the General Principle of Mortality which he had published in 1798.   

BEERY WALLACE: (1885-1949) American actor, Academy Award winner for Best Actor in 1931/32 for his role as Andy 'Champ' Purcell in The Champ. Vintage signed and inscribed sepia 8 x 10 photograph of Beery standing outdoors in a full-length pose polishing the side of his aircraft. The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer publicity portrait features a typed caption to the verso stating, in part, '….[Beery], who has been flying for fifteen years, and holds a transport pilot's license, examines his new Stinson monoplane, said to be one of the safest planes ever built….' Signed ('Wally Beery') by the actor in bold dark fountain pen ink to a clear area of the image. Two small tears to the lower white border, a few minor surface and corner creases and some light age wear, G

DWIGHT EDWARD: (1933-     ) American test pilot who, in 1961, became the first African American to have entered the Air Force training programme from which NASA selected astronauts. Dwight was controversially not selected to officially join NASA and subsequently resigned from the air force in 1966. A good vintage signed and inscribed 10 x 8 photograph of Dwight seated in the cockpit of his aircraft. Signed in blue fountain pen ink to the image. A few very light, minor corner creases, otherwise VG

SALAZAR ANTONIO DE OLIVEIRA: (1889-1970) Portuguese dictator who served as President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) 1932-68. The personal printed oblong 12mo Visiting Card of Salazar, unsigned, featuring his printed name to the centre, with title as Presidente do Conselho de Ministros beneath, with three lines of text in his hand, in Portuguese, sending thanks for the exemplary administrative work, immediately beneath, dated 16th May 1953 in his hand. Accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by Salazar to Augusto Cesar da Silva Castro Junior. VG

SARASATE PABLO DE: (1844-1908) Spanish virtuoso Violinist and Composer. An excellent and very good content A.L.S., `Pablo de Sarasate´, three pages, 5 x 6, Paris, 15th October 1894, to `Docteur Mackenzie´, in French with few words in English. In an ebullient letter from Paris, Sarasate states in part `Caro Maestro et cher ami, je vous salue tous trois de tout coeur, et suis enchanté d´apprendre que vous avez passé un bon été… all right: hurrah for England et pour l´une de ses gloires qui s´appelle Mackenzie. Dimanche prochain j´aurai l´honneur de présenter au public Parisien votre Pibroch, aux Concerts dirigés par Colonne. Son orchestra est superbe, et je puis vous garantir une execution de premier ordre; je tacherai de me montrer en cette occasion un écossais pur sang - moins le costume - et de prouver que la musique nationale de votre beau pays est l´une des plus belles et poétiques qui existent au monde, vous savez que j´en suis fanatique´ (Translation: "Caro Maestro and dear friend, I send my regards to the three of you from deep in my heart, and I am very pleased to learn that you have spent a good summer… all right: hurrah for England and for one of his glories called Mackenzie. Next Sunday, I will have the honour to play your Pibroch for the Parisian public, at the concerts conducted by Colonne. His orchestra is superb, and I can grant you that the performance will be first-rate; for this occasion, I will try to appear as a pure-bred Scotsman - except for the costume - and prove that the national music of your beautiful country is one of the most lovely and poetic in the whole world, as you know am a fanatic of it") Sarasate further regrets that his friend Mackenzie cannot attend in person the concert and comments that Colonne is ready to play in future further works of Mackenzie. Accompanied by the original envelope, addressed in Sarasate´s hand, postmarked and stamped. G to VG Alexander Campbell Mackenzie (1847-1935) Scottish Composer and Conductor. Widely regarded as one of the fathers of the British musical renaissance in the late XIXth century. Mackenzie´s Pibroch Suite for Violin and Orchestra was dedicated to Sarasate who premiered it with the composer conducting at the Leeds Festival in 1889. Pibroch is defined as a set of variations for the Scottish Highland bagpipe. It is etymologically related to Gaelic "Pib" ("Pipe"). Mackenzie dedicated his Highlan Ballad (1893) to Sarasate. The two remained close friends until Sarasate´s death in 1908, when Mackenzie wrote a moving tribute to him in the Musical Times.  Pablo Sarasate not only championed Scottish music, he also composed some such as his "Six Airs Ecossais" ("Six Scottish Airs") Edouard Colonne (1838-1910) French Conductor and Violinist.

FORD JOHN: (1894-1973) American film director, Academy Award winner. A good vintage signed and inscribed 8.5 x 12 photograph of Ford standing outdoors in a three-quarter length pose wearing his uniform as a Rear Admiral of the United States Naval Reserve and holding a pipe in one hand. Photograph by Alexander Kahle and bearing his blindstamp to the lower edge. Signed by Ford in bold blue fountain pen ink to the lower white border, 'To Sasha - with thanks, “who are those chaps?”, “Jack” John Ford'. Very slightly irregularly trimmed to the edges of the white borders, otherwise VG

GORING HERMANN: (1893-1946) German politician and military leader, one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party who served as President of the Reichstag 1932-45 and as Minister President of Prussia 1933-45. T.L.S., Goring, two pages (separate leaves), 4to, Berlin, 2nd March 1939, to [Josef] Burckel, in German. Goring acknowledges receipt of his correspondent's letter and remarks that he is very grateful to him for 'undertaking the review of the Aryanisation cases', continuing 'In the meantime, I have several commissions rushing around in the Reich, which carry out checks where I have justified doubts about a flawless settlement, especially where the district has worked very strongly in its own interest. I have gained a lot of experience here and, above all, have found extremely difficult cases and thus averted damage to the Reich', also asking Burckel to send him occasional reports of his progress in Vienna and adding that if Burckel can manage with his own staff and has a clear overview of the matter then any additional commission in Vienna would be considered superfluous. Four file holes to the left edge of each page, otherwise VGJosef Burckel (1895-1944) German Nazi politician, an early member of the Nazi Party who was influential in the rise of the National Socialist movement and who served as Reich Commissioner of Austria 1938-40. 

ELISABETH OF ROMANIA: (1894-1956) Romanian Princess who served as Queen consort of the Hellenes 1922-24 through her marriage to King George II of Greece from 1921-35. Vintage signed postcard photograph of the Princess in a half-length pose wearing a long pearl necklace. Photograph by Julietta of Bucharest and bearing her blindstamp to the lower right corner. Signed ('Elisabeta') in fountain pen ink at the base of the image and dated 1924 in her hand. Some very light, extremely minor silvering to the edges, otherwise VG

GAUSS CARL FRIEDRICH: (1777-1855) German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. A.N.S., Gauss, one page, folio, n.p., (Gottingen), n.d. (August 1829), in German. Gauss's four-line note appears at the foot of a manuscript letter signed by an unidentified individual, dated at Gottingen, 18th August 1829, submitting a patent prepared by the student Menze for review. Gauss observes 'I remark that to my knowledge there is no Schlusselburg in the Hannoverian [territories]. Schlusselburg at the [river] Weser is Prussian'. A further, shorter note signed by an unidentified individual appears beneath and states that Schlusselburg is located in Westphalia. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG  

LINNAEUS CARL: (1707-1778) Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. Ink signature ('Carl v. Linne') on a slim oblong 12mo piece, attractively matted in two shades of brown beneath an antique engraving of Linnaeus seated in a half-length pose to an overall size of 9.5 x 12.5. VG  

ZILLE HEINRICH: (1858-1929) German illustrator and caricaturist. A.L.S., H. Zille, two pages, 8vo, Charlottenburg, 16th January 1925, to Friedrich Kroner of the Bilder-Courier, in German. Zille thanks his correspondent for their letter and confesses that he was not aware of the Bilder-Courier, continuing to state 'I would be happy to send you pictures, but I am an elderly man who looks backwards more than forwards. When I have good new pictures, I will show them to you', enquiring about the time frame for the work and the remuneration, further remarking 'You praise me too much. What little I still do, I am able to sell, though. Are you looking for a capable employee? I can recommend the drawing artist Willi Steinert…..a splendid man'. Accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by Zille and signed ('H. Zille') by him in the return address to the verso. Two file holes to the left edge of both the letter and envelope, only just affecting a few words of text, otherwise VG 

DESGROUETTES PÉPIN: (?-1805) Pierre Athanase Desgrouettes, also called Des Grouettes, was one of the most odious figures of the French revolution during the Reign of Terror. A stool pigeon in the prisons of terror. Malignant and misshapen, he was imprisoned during the reign of Louis XVI for prevarication and later again imprisoned in La Bastille for printing pamphlets, but became with the French revolution a judge in few revolutionary tribunals as member of the Commune. Rare A.L.S., `Pépin Dégrouhettes´, two pages, 4to, n.p., [Paris], 8th October 1792, First year of the Revolution, to the Minister of war, in French. Desgrouettes, on behalf of several “good citizens”, denounces their boss and indicates his address in order to arrest him, stating in part `Permettez que je vous adresse la réclamation de plusieurs bons citoyens… les sacrifices qu´ils ont fait pour la chose publique ont réduits á la nécessité de travailler à la journée au camp sous Paris, et dont un chef infidèle retient le salaire et par consequent les moyens de subsistance. Ce chef est le S. Chevreau, demeurant rue de Fauxbourg Saint Denis nº 24…´ (“Allow me to address to you the complaint of several good citizens... the sacrifices they have made for the public affairs has reduced their lives to the need of having to work by day in the camps beneath Paris, and their salaries are withheld by an unfaithful boss and consequently their livelihoods too. This chief is S. Chevreau, residing rue de Fauxbourg Saint Denis nº 24…“ Desgrouettes explains in detail the days they worked, the small amount received on account, and the refusal of Chevreau to pay the amount agreed and due and the way he harshly ousts them, and further again states invoking the principles of the revolution `Il n´entre point dans l´esprit de la Nation et de ses ministers que les citoyens malaisés qui servent la Patrie soient volés et maltraités; je vous prie donc avec instance, citoyen minister, de faire justice… et de punir l´infidèle et brutal Chevreau. Dans une République bien organisée il faut que tout homme….´ (“It is not in the spirit of the Nation and its ministers that the weak citizens who serve the Fatherland are robbed and mistreated; I therefore beg you insistently, citizen minister, to do justice... and to punish the unloyal and brutal Chevreau. In a well-organized Republic every man must...”) Desgrouettes adds beneath his signature that he acts in his capacity as `Membre du conseil general de la Commune et Président du tribunal criminel´ (“Member of the General Council of the Commune and President of the Criminal Court”). In very fine condition, about VG Desgrouettes is well-remembered and described by imprisoned people in Paris, as a provocative agent and a stool pigeon of the revolutionary committees. During the Reign of Terror, Desgrouettes was picking out at the prison of Saint Lazare the arrested persons to be executed. It is reported that when the number of executions was important he was celebrating with joy and wine and returning home drunk and singing. 

MARGUERITE DE NAVARRE: (1492-1549) Also known as Marguerite of Angoulême. Princess of France and Queen of Navarre by her second marriage to King Henry II of Navarre. Marguerite was the sister of French King Francis I. Marguerite is the ancestress of the Bourbon Kings of France. A patron of humanists and culture, she is regarded as "The First Modern Woman". Rare L.S., `Votre bonne cousine et amie, Marguerite´, one page, 4to, Jarnac, (Charente, Southwestern of France), 12th March 1543, to Monsieur de Jarnac, in old French. Marguerite will intervene and write to the King so that the Sire de Jarnac is compensated for the expenses incurred for the trips made for the service of the King, stating `Mon cousin, j'ai vu la lettre que vous m'avez écrite et suis bien aise que vous n'êtes encore parti pour aller à La Rochelle. Je vous assure que je ne manquerai d'écrire au roi la dépense que vous avez faite aux voyages et autres choses pour son service car il est raisonnable que vous en soyez récompensé, et aussi le roi ne voudrait pas que l'on se fit pauvre à son service et principalement vous qu'il a en si bonne estime. Quant à l'affaire de monsieur de Caumont, j'en ai écrit… J'écris présentement aux deux qu'ils me viennent trouver à Béziers et que je tiens prêt qu'ils me fassent compagnie jusqu'à Bordeaux. J'avais délibéré de vous mander là avec madame de Jarnac et votre fille mais j'ai avisé qu'il sera meilleur savoir avant quelle volonté à monsieur de Caumont…´ (Translation: "My Cousin, I have seen the letter you wrote to me and am very glad that you have not yet left to go to La Rochelle. I assure you that I will not fail to write to the King about the expense you have made for travel and other things under his service because it is reasonable that you should be rewarded for it, and also the King would not want people to become poor at his service and especially you whom he holds in such good esteem. As for Monsieur de Caumont's affair, I have written about it... I am currently writing to the two who are coming to find me in Béziers and I am ready for them to accompany me to Bordeaux. I had deliberated to summon you there with Madame de Jarnac and your daughter, but I advised that it would be better to know beforehand what will Monsieur de Caumont…") Also annotated to the heading `De la mesme reyne pour les mesmes affaires des mesmes moys et an. Mars 1543´ (Translation: "From the Queen for the affairs of the same month and year, March 1543") Neatly inlaid, otherwise VG 

ANNE OF AUSTRIA: (1601-1666) Infanta of Spain and Archduchess of Austria, Queen of France 1615-43 as the wife of King Louis XIII. A.L.S., Anne, one page, 8vo, Vetel (?), 24th June 1654, to Pierre Seguier, Chancellor of France, in French. The Queen states, in part, 'J'ai donne charge au S. eveque de Rennes de vous informer pleinement de nos interets touchant l'affaire de l'admiraute de Bretagne. Vous pouvez donner entiere creance a ce qu'il vous dira de ma part, et vous assurez que vous me donnerez en mon particulier un temoignage bien agreable de notre affection d'avoir soin de me les conserver' (Translation: 'I have instructed the Holy Bishop of Rennes to inform you fully of Our interests in the matter of the Admiralty of Brittany. You can give full credence to what he will tell you from me, and you assure me that you will give me in my private person a very pleasant testimony of Our affection for taking care to preserve them for me'). With integral address leaf bearing two good small black wax seals. With a contemporary annotation of four lines at the head of the page. VG Pierre Seguier (1588-1672) French statesman who served as Chancellor of France 1635-72. Henri de la Motte-Houdancourt (d.1684) Roman Catholic Bishop of Rennes 1640-60. 

MOI DANIEL ARAP: (1924-2020) Kenyan statesman who served as the second President of Kenya 1978-2002. Blue ink signature ('Daniel A. Moi') and date, 3rd June 1985, in his hand on a plain sheet of 8vo paper. About EX

DMYTRYK EDWARD: (1908-1999) American film director. Vintage signed and inscribed 10 x 8 photograph of Dmytryk standing in a half-length profile pose opposite actor Michael Rennie, in costume as Inspector Merryweather, on the set of the adventure film Soldier of Fortune (1955). Several other cast and crew members can be seen in the immediate background. Signed by Dmytryk in dark fountain pen ink to a clear area at the head of the image. A few slight corner creases, otherwise VG Provenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink.

MALLARMÉ STÉPHANE: (1842-1898) His pen name being Etienne Mallarmé. French Poet. A major symbolist Poet who strongly inspired future artistic schools such as Cubism, Surrealism or Futurism. D.S., `Stéphane Mallarmé´, one page, 4to, Paris, 15th May 1890, in French. The partially printed document is a receipt issued by the French publication Revue d´Aujourd´hui, Mallarmé signing and acknowledging receipt of the sum of 150 francs corresponding to the amount due till that date. Bearing a tax stamp to the front. Small repair to the verso to the upper edge, otherwise G to VG

CARMEN JONES: A good vintage signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph by both Dorothy Dandridge (Carmen Jones) and Harry Belafonte (Joe) individually, the image depicting them in head and shoulders poses in a romantic embrace in costume from the American musical film Carmen Jones (1954). Signed by both in blue fountain pen inks to clear areas of the image, Dandridge adding an inscription in her hand. It was for her performance in this film that Dandridge was nominated for a Best Actress Oscar. One light vertical crease to the centre, otherwise about VG Provenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink.  

CHURCHILL WINSTON S.: (1874-1965) British Prime Minister 1940-45, 1951-55. Nobel Prize winner for Literature, 1953. Book signed and inscribed, being a folio softcover edition of Winston Churchill - The Greatest Figure of Our Time, edited by Bruce Ingram, First edition published by The Illustrated London News, London, 1954. Issued as an Eightieth Year tribute to Churchill, the volume is profusely illustrated and includes twelve colour plates and four gravure plates and with sections of text devoted to Churchill in Parliament, and in War, Churchill the man, and his place in history. Signed by Churchill in fountain pen ink to the plain recto of the frontispiece illustration, 'To P. G. Oates from Winston S. Churchill', and dated 1954 in his hand. An unusual volume to find signed. Some very light, minor age wear, VG Peter Geoffrey Oates (1919-2007) British civil servant who worked in the Prime Minister's office at 10 Downing Street from 1951, firstly as private secretary to Attlee, and later to Winston S. Churchill.

The Duke of Montmorency authorises a payment to an archer ‘ ill from two stab wounds that he had in his body’ sustained at the Battle of Dreux  MONTMORENCY ANNE DE: (1493-1567) Duke of Montmorency. French soldier, statesman and diplomat who became a Marshal of France and Constable of France, serving five kings. A good D.S., Montmor[en]cy, one page (vellum), slim oblong folio, Moulins, 28th January 1566, in Middle French. The manuscript document is issued by the Duke of Montmorency in his capacity as a peer and Constable of France, adviser to the King and Ordinary Treasurer of his Wars and orders 'en vertu de nre pouvoir……Vous paiez baillez et delivrez comptant a Jehan distidon archer de la cpaignie de monsr de cursol son estat et solde de quartier de Janvier fevrier et mars mil Vc Lxii Nonobstant ql ayt este mis absent a la monstre dernierement faicte dont attendu quil nous a este bien et deuement certiffié que lors q. lad. Monstre a estee faicte por lesd. quartiers ql estoit mallade de deux coups de coustellas quil a eu en son corps estant por le service du roy a la bataille de dreux Et quil nen a este pourveu aulcun en sa place, Nous lavons Relleve et Rellevons par ces pntes Rapportant lesquelles controllees et veriffiees par le controlr gnal des guerres avec quictance dudict distidon sur ce suffisante La somme q. por cest effect luy aura estee paye sera passee et allouee en la despence de vos comptes et rabatue de vre recepte par messrs les gens des comptes du roy….' (Translation: 'by virtue of our power……you pay, bail and deliver cash to Jehan Distidon, archer of the company of Monsieur de Cursol, his state and quarter pay for January, February and March 1562, notwithstanding that he was absent from the watch recently made, of which expected that it has been well and duly certified to us that when the said watch was made for the said quarters that he was ill from two stab wounds that he had in his body being in the service of the King at the battle of Dreux, and that none have been provided in his place. We have noted it and hereby note, reporting which controlled and verified by the general controller of wars with receipt of the said Distidon on this sufficient the sum which for this purpose will have been paid to him will be passed and allocated in the expense of your accounts and reduced from your receipt by the gentlemen of the King's accounts'). Countersigned by Martin (?) and with the remnants of the blind embossed paper seal loosely in place. With a contemporary docket to the verso signed by Leconte, secretary and comptroller general, confirming that the payment has been registered, Moulins, 8th February 1566. Some light overall age wear and a few stains and creases, G The Battle of Dreux took place on 19th December 1562 and was fought between the Catholics, led by Anne de Montmorency, and the Huguenots, led by Louis I, Prince of Conde, and constituted the first major engagement in the French Wars of Religion. During the battle Montmorency had his horse shot from under him and he was taken prisoner, and one of the Duke's sons also met his death. However, Montmorency's soldiers eventually won the battle, one of the bloodiest of the 16th century 

‘I am only sorry not to have deviated sooner, that an occupation where the aid of the eyes was not absolutely necessary was precisely that which could best suit me’  HUBER FRANCOIS: (1750-1831) Swiss entomologist who specialised in honeybees. A fine L.S., Francois Huber, three pages, 4to, Ouchy, Lausanne, 11th June 1814, to Georges Cuvier, in French. Huber apologises for the circumstances which did not allow him to reply earlier to his correspondent's letter, adding that he is 'Penetre de reconnaissance pour la faveur que l'institut de France a deigne m'accorder ca ete pour moi un veritable vhagrin d'etre condamne au silence dans cette occasion, et de ne pouvoir vous dire combien j'en ai ete touche' (Translation: 'Penetrated with gratitude for the favour that the Institut de France has deigned to grant me, it is a real sorrow for me to be condemned to silence on this occasion, and not to be able to tell you how touched I was'). Huber further states 'Sans cesser de m'occuper de l'histoire naturelle qui a ete l'etude et le charme de toute ma vie, je me suis depuis quelques annees remis a celle des mathematiques pour essayer de lire et d'entendre les ouvrages de vos celebres collegues, et de n'etre pas entierement exclu de ce qu'il y a de plus interessant et de plus certain dans les connoissances humaines. Par le moyen de caracteres et de signes palpables que je dois au zele de mon fils pour tout ce qui peut m'etre utile je n'ai rien trouve jusqu'a present dans cette nouvelle etude, qui m'ait du faire regretter le temps que j'y ai consacre: je suis fache seulement de n'avoir pas deviue plutot, qu'une occupation ou le secours des yeux n'etais pas absolument necessaire etait precisement celle, qui pouvait le mieux me convenir. Je n'ai sans doute ni la pretention, ni le moindre espoir de faire aucune decouverte dans une route si dignement parcouvue et d'avoir jamais a moins de quelque miracle rien a apprendre a mes maitres. Mais si dans le cours de mes recherches sur les Abeilles j'ai le bonheur d'appercevoir quelque nouveau trait de leur histoire……. J'ai lu Monsieur avec le plus grand interet vos belles et etomantes recherches sur les osserments fossiles, permettez-moi de saisir cette occasion pour vous remercier du plaisir infini que j'ai pris a cette lecture et de vous prier de vouloir bien me mettre au nombre de vos plus sinceres admirateurs. Je ne finirai point cette lettre Monsieur sans vous dire combien nous avons ete reconnoissants de l'accueil plein d'indulgence et de bonte, que les savants et les naturalistes ont fait a mons fils, pendant son sejour a Paris,  ses parents en conserverout toujours un precieux souvenir' (Translation: 'Without ceasing to concern myself with natural history, which has been the study and the charm of my whole life, I have for some years returned to that of mathematics to try to read and hear the works of your famous colleagues, and not to be entirely excluded from what is most interesting and most certain in human knowledge. By means of characters and palpable signs which I owe to the zeal of my son for all that can be useful to me, I have found nothing up to now in this new study, which should have made me regret the time that I devoted to it: I am only sorry not to have deviated sooner, that an occupation where the aid of the eyes was not absolutely necessary was precisely that which could best suit me. I doubtless have neither the pretension nor the slightest hope of making any discovery on a road so worthily travelled and of never having anything except some miracle to teach my masters. But if in the course of my research on bees I have the good fortune to perceive some new trait in their history…….I read Sir with the greatest interest your beautiful and astonishing research on fossil bones, allow me to take this opportunity to thank you for the infinite pleasure that I took in this reading and to ask you to kindly put me among your most sincere admirers. I will not finish this letter, Sir, without telling you how grateful we were for the welcome full of indulgence and kindness which the scholars and naturalists gave my son during his stay in Paris, his parents will always keep a precious memory') and in a postscript remarks 'Lorsque la seconde edition de mon livre sur les Abeilles paraitra je vous prierai Monsieur d'en offrir un exemplaire de ma part a l'Institut et je prendrai aussi la liberte de vous offrir un en le recommandant a votre indulgence' (Translation: 'When the second edition of my book on bees appears, I will ask you, Sir, to offer a copy from me to the Institute and I will also take the liberty of offering you one, recommending it to your indulgence'). With address panel to the verso of the final page, bearing the remnants of a red wax seal (small area of paper loss and tear where originally broken). A letter of excellent association and content, not least for its references to bees and the blindness which afflicted Huber. Some light age wear and a few minor tears to the edges, about VG

POUND EZRA: (1885-1972) American expatriate poet and critic, a major figure in the early modernist poetry movement and a fascist collaborator in Italy during World War II. T.L.S., Ezra Pound, with one holograph sentence, to one side of a 12mo plain postcard, Holland Place Chambers, Kensington, London, n.d. (29th November 1918), to George Herbert Thring. Pound writes, in full, 'I get your point and think it would hold if Unwin's article appeared alone, but it comes only as the third in the Little Review series, 1st by American author, 2nd by English author, and 4th in New Age series. Seems to me it is merely corroboration from a different source. I shall add a foot-note reinforcing ,y own contentions for the “immaterial component” (sorry N[ew] Age with my article is out of print. You shall have L[ittle] Review with it in, as soon as it arrives.) Thanks for your letter'. With a light received stamp only very slightly affecting the text. VG George Herbert Thring (1859-1941) English editor and solicitor who was Secretary to the Society of Authors from 1892-1930.  Pound was a regular contributor to the New Age (for which he wrote music reviews) and the Little Review, of which he was foreign editor from 1917-18.  

SINGIN' IN THE RAIN: Gene Kelly (1912-1996) American actor and dancer, the recipient of an Honorary Academy Award. Kelly starred in (and co-directed) the music romantic comedy film Singin' in the Rain as Donald Lockwood. D.S., Gene Kelly, one page, 4to, n.p. (Beverly Hills, California), n.d. (November 1977), on the printed stationery of The American Film Institute. The typed document takes the form of a letter addressed to Kelly from Richard Carlton, Deputy Director of the AFI, dated 10th November 1977, and concerns a special programme to be presented by the AFI honouring the fifty greatest American films and states, in part, 'The program, a variety special including a film segment comprising about thirty-five minutes, will be presented before a live audience at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. The program may include one or more film clips and/or stills from films in which you previously appeared…..Your cooperation would be appreciated by providing your formal consent to AFI's use of film clips….' Signed by Kelly in black ink at the foot of the document, granting his consent; Donald O'Connor (1925-2003) American dancer, singer and actor who appeared in Singin' in the Rain in the role of Cosmo Brown. D.S., Donald O'Connor, one page, 4to, n.p. (Sherman Oaks, California), n.d. (February/March 1985), on the printed stationery of The American Film Institute. The typed document takes the form of a letter addressed to O'Connor from Howard Begle of the AFI, dated 27th February 1985, and concerns the AFI's Life Achievement Award to be presented to Gene Kelly at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on 27th March 1985, stating, in part, 'The Institute's presentation to Mr. Kelly includes a screening of selected clips from his more important films. Among the films to be included in this screening is “Singin in the Rain”. All required consents for the use of clips from this film are being obtained from the Screen Actors Guild. Your cooperation would also be appreciated by consenting to AFI's use of clips in which you appear…..' Signed by O'Connor in blue ink at the foot of the document, granting his consent. About EX, 2

[NUREMBERG TRIALS]: JODL ALFRED (1890-1946) German Generaloberst, Chief of the Operations Staff of the German Armed Forces High Command 1939-45. An historically significant A.L.S., Jodl, (and also signed Alfred Jodl at the head of the first page), two pages, folio, n.p. (Nuremberg), 22nd October 1945, to the Secretary General of the International Military Tribunal, in German. Jodl writes to formally object to the indictment handed to him at the Nuremberg Trials and states, 'On 19. 10. the indictment was handed to me, but without being accompanied by any of the evidence upon which it was based. The representatives of the prosecution are in possession of all of the files. At their will they can use that evidence which would work against me and discard that which would be in my favour. As the defendant I possess nothing but my memory, which during five and a half years of war and six months of imprisonment has not noticeably improved. That might suffice for a burglar or a highwayman, but not for a case with such a complexity of questions as the one against me. Under such circumstances, the preparation of an adequate defence is impossible, and I wish to enter formal objection against it'. Jodl proceeds to request that various pieces of evidence, either in carbon or photostatic copy, be presented to him as soon as possible, listing the evidence as, in part, 'The most important pieces of evidence upon which the prosecution is based in accordance with…..the Constitution of the Court….My notebook and my official notations (diary)…..these volumes contain evidence of the utmost importance in my defence….My notes for a lecture delivered by me in Munich 7.11.1943…..A copy of the Geneva Convention Rules and of the Hague Treaty….One copy each of the collections of the German Foreign Office concerning breaches of neutrality in Norway, Holland, and Belgium….and of the common-law crimes committed by Poland, France, England, Greece (Crete), all of which were presented at Geneva…..A collection of all of the infringements and crimes against common law committed by the former enemies of Germany….' Accompanied by an official English translation prepared by the IMT. Neatly inlaid and with several file holes to the upper edge, only very slightly affecting a few words of text. About VG After the end of World War II, Jodl was indicted at the Nuremberg Trials on charges of conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression, war crimes and crimes against humanity. The principal charges against him related to his signing of the criminal Commando and Commissar Orders. Found guilty on all charges, he was sentenced to death and executed in Nuremberg in 1946. Provenance: The present document originated from the archives of Dr. Hans Werner who was responsible for directing the printing of the Record of the Trial of Major War Criminals in 42 volumes and in three different languages (English, French & German) immediately following the Nuremberg Trials.

PACINI GIOVANNI: (1796-1867) Italian Composer. Son of buffo Luigi Pacini. A Sicilian mainly opera composer. A very fine A.L.S., `Giovanni Pacini´, two pages, 4to, n.p., n.d., to `Eccellenza´, (“Your Excellency”), in Italian. Pacini states `La gratitude la plus ample me pousse à adrésser à V. E. ces quelques lignes avec l´espoir que ma pensé pourra être accueillie avec bonté par l´Homme incomparable, l´illustre Mécène des Beaux-Arts et Protecteur de l´humble personne qui écrit ici´ (Translation: “The biggest gratitude prompts me to address these few lines to Your Excellency in the hope that my thoughts may be received with kindness by the incomparable Man, the illustrious Patron of the Fine Arts and Protector of the humble person who writes here”) Pacini further refers to the end of his career as composer and explains his wish saying `… avant de mettre un terme à ma longue carrière de compositeur, j´ai le bonheur de revoir Paris - d´offrir en tribute au Grand les hommages de ma plus haute admiration - et de produire sur la scène du Théatre Italien une oeuvre nouvelle, je le devrai au souvenir que l´aimable et parfaitement bon Prince Joseph Poniatowski garde de moi´ (Translation: “…before putting an end to my long career as a composer, I have the pleasure of seeing Paris again - of offering in tribute to the Great the tributes of my highest admiration - and of producing on stage at the Italian Theater a new work, I will owe it to the memory that the amiable and perfectly good Prince Joseph Poniatowski keeps of me”) Pacini further refers to his new opera Gli Arabi nelle Galli (“The Arabs in the Gallic”) Accompanied by a full transcription and translation of the letter into French. With blank integral leaf. Small overall minor age wear, some creases to the left corners and few very small stains. G 

RACHEL: (1821-1858) Rachel Felix. French actress. A.L.S., Rachel, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d., to an unidentified correspondent, in French. The actress informs her correspondent that she could not get a box at the Palais Royal, remarking 'Je ne t'ecris pas ma soiree, qui le croirai' (Translation: 'I'm not writing to you about my evening, who would believe it') and concluding by asking her correspondent if they are going to a performance (?) and whether they will be able to give her a seat in their box. VG

KVAPIL CHARLES: (1884-1957) Belgian painter of the Ecole de Paris who exhibited at the Salon des Independants in 1920. Manuscript D.S., Kvapil, one page, 4to, n.p., 14th December 1943, in French. Kvapil responds to a researcher's questionnaire, with their questions at the head of the page, '1. Vos debuts artistiques furent-ils heureux ou difficiles? 2. Des moyens d'existence (un second metier ou une fortune personnelle) vous permirent ils de vous faire un nom dans la peinture, ou ne vecutes-vous que de votre art? 3. Quel tableau vous fit-il le plus connaitre? Le quel considerez vous comme votre chef d'oeuvre?' (Translation: '1. Were your artistic beginnings happy or difficult? 2. Did a means of existence (a second job or personal fortune) allow you to make a name for yourself in painting, or do you only live from your art? 3. Which painting made you most well-known? Which do you consider your masterpiece?') Kvapil provides his answers beneath, in full, 'Debuts tres difficile! Portraits peints et dessines. Restervation des Tableaux anciens. Succes aux Independants avec un portrait. Pas de chef d'oeuvre pour le moment' (Translation: 'Very difficult beginnings! Painted and drawn portraits. Restoration of old paintings. Success at the Independants with a portrait. No masterpiece at the moment'. A few light creases and one small tear to the right edge, otherwise VG

BOSCO JOHN: (1815-1888) Don Bosco. Italian Roman Catholic Priest, Educator and Writer. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method known as the Salesian Preventive System. Founder of the Salesians of Don Bosco. Canonized as a saint in 1934. Rare A.L.S., `Umile Servitore Sac.[erdote] G.[iovanni] Bosco´, one page, 4to, Torino, 25th November 1878, to Countess Callori, in Italian. Bosco writes to his correspondent, calling her `Mia Buona Mamma´ (“My Good Mother”), and states in part `Ricevo sue notizie dal giardiniere Rizzoglio, che venne a fare sue divozioni nella chiesa di Maria con sua moglie´ (Translation: `I receive your news with the gardener Rizzoglio, who came to make his devotions in the church of Maria with his wife´) Bosco further refers to his own eyesight problems saying `Qui noi stiamo bene in genere. Soltanto la mia vista va precipitosamente peggiorando´ (Translation: `Here we are fine in general. Only my eyesight is deteriorating precipitously´)and before concluding, Saint John Bosco makes a singular comment about his eyesight and God, stating `Dio vede bene cosi, perché non me ne serviva come doveva´ (Translation: `God sees clearly like this, because I wasn't using it as it should´) Bosco concludes sending his blessing to his correspondent and family. With blank integral leaf. Very small overall minor creasing, otherwise VG Countess Carlota Calori di Vignale (1827-1911) one of the most important financial benefactors of Bosco´s projects 

ARMSTRONG LOUIS: (1901-1971) American jazz trumpeter and vocalist. A good vintage signed and inscribed 10 x 8 photograph of Armstrong in a head and shoulders pose playing his trumpet in a scene from the American documentary film Satchmo the Great (1957) which chronicled Armstrong's 1955 international tour. Signed by Armstrong in bold blue fountain pen ink across a light area of the image. One heavy crease to the upper left corner, otherwise VG Provenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink. 

DUBUFFET JEAN: (1901-1985) French painter and sculptor, founder of the art brut movement. A.L.S., Jean Dubuffet, one page, 8vo, Paris, 21st September n.y. (1950), to Louis-Ferdinand Celine, in French. Dubuffet writes, in full, 'Je vous envoie ce petit livre sympathique que je viens de recevoir de Jules Mougin, lequel est facteur des postes, a ce qu'il parait: je ne le connais pas' (Translation: 'I am sending you this nice little book that I have just received from Jules Mougin, who is a postman, it seems: I don't know him'). Together with the book referred to, being a softcover 8vo edition of Pour Copie Conforme, by Jean Mougin, published by Jean Vodaine's Poesie avec nous, Basse Yutz, 1950. Numbered 23 of an edition of 31 and with a presentation inscription signed by Mougin to the front free endpaper, 'Au Monsieur qui ose, a Dubuffet, avec le sourire pince, du facteur titulaire, Jules Mougin, le ami de Jean l'Anselme' (Translation: 'To the gentleman who dares, to Dubuffet, with the pinched smile, of the titular postman, Jules Mougin, the friend of Jean L'Amselme') and dated Paris ('capitale de la misere'), 15th September 1950, in Mougin's hand. Also signed by Mougin with his name alone beneath the title to the front cover. An extremely rare pairing with interesting associations. Some light creasing and a few very small tears to the extreme edges of Dubuffet's letter and Mougin's publication with some light age wear and minor toning to the covers. G to about VG, 2Louis-Ferdinand Celine (1894-1961) French novelist who was greatly admired and supported by Dubuffet. The two men did not meet until 1952 however a voluminous correspondence once existed, but has since been destroyed (making the present letter an extremely rare survival from their relationship).Jules Mougin (1912-2010) French working-class poet and postal worker associated with the art brut movement. .

[NAZI OCCULT]: DARRE RICHARD WALTHER: (1895-1953) Argentinean-born SS-Obergruppenfuhrer of World War II. Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture 1933-42. T.L.S., R Walther Darre, one page, 4to, Berlin, 23rd December 1935, to Oberst Weisthor ('Lieber und sehr verehrter Herr Oberst!'; an alias of Karl Maria Wiligut), on the printed stationery of Der Reichsfuhrer SS, Head of the Race and Resettlement Authority, in German. Darre writes to wish his correspondent a happy Christmas and New Year and remarks 'Unfortunately, I have not had an opportunity to meet you in the last few days, owing to pressure of work. Now I hear that you are already in Reichenhall, and that therefore our getting together will have to be postponed'. With blank integral leaf. VGKarl Maria Wiligut (1866-1946) Austrian occultist and SS-Brigadefuhrer. Wiligut, who also used the alias Weisthor, was employed within the personal staff and offices of Heinrich Himmler and Karl Wolff, and claimed to be in the tradition of a long line of German mystic teachers, reaching back into prehistoric times. He also claimed to have spiritual powers that allowed him direct access to genetic memories of his ancestors thousands of years in the past. Wiligut contributed significantly to the development of Wewelsburg as the order-castle and ceremonial centre of SS pseudo-religious practice and also designed the Totenkopfring, which Himmler personally awarded to prestigious SS officers.

SCHULTZE-NAUMBURG PAUL: (1869-1949) German traditionalist architect who was a member of the Nazi Party and became an important advocate of Nazi architecture. Vintage signed postcard photograph of Schultze-Naumburg in a head and shoulders pose accompanied by a young girl with a pensive expression on her face. Signed ('Schultze-Naumburg') in blue fountain pen ink to the lower border beneath a brief greeting in German in his hand. Addressed in typescript to the verso to Fritz Muller-Kamphausen and his wife in Munich and postally cancelled at Weimar, 13th June 1939. VG Fritz Muller-Kamphausen (1903-1955) German sculptor, son of the German writer Fritz Muller-Partenkirchen (1875-1942). The identity of the young girl in the photograph remains a mystery; Schultze-Naumberg's marriage to Margarete Karolina Berta Dorr was childless and ended in a bitter divorce in 1934. Shortly after the divorce Schultze-Naumburg's wife married the Reich Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm Frick.  

GRIFFITH HUGH: (1912-1980) Welsh actor, Academy Award winner for Best Supporting Actor in 1959 for his role as Sheik Ilderim in Ben-Hur. An excellent vintage signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph of Griffith standing in a half-length pose in costume from his Oscar winning performance as the Arab Sheik from the religious epic film Ben-Hur. Signed by Griffith in blue fountain pen ink across a light area of the image. Signed photographs of Griffith in costume from his Oscar winning role are extremely rare and highly desirable. About EXProvenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink.

[VICTORIA]: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain & Ireland 1837-1901. REID JAMES (1849-1923) British doctor who served as physician-in-ordinary to Queen Victoria, and later to King Edward VII and King George V. A.L.S., James Reid, two pages, 8vo, Balmoral Castle, 4th November 1893, to J. Walter Wilson. Reid writes in reply to his correspondent's letter and sends 'herewith a photograph (no longer present) of myself, for your use in preparing the picture for the Illustrated London News'. With blank integral leaf (slight traces of former mounting to the four corners). About VG 

OSORIO DE ALMEIDA MIGUEL: (1890-1952) Brazilian physician and scientist who, alongside his brother Alvaro, is considered a 'father of modern physiology' in Brazil. A.L.S., Miguel Osorio de Almeida, one page, 4to, [Sao] Paulo, 4th July 1937, to a gentleman, in French. Osorio de Almeida apologises for the involuntary delay in replying to his correspondent's kind letter, explaining that he has been occupied with urgent work, and continues 'Voici une maxime de vie: "Je ne me reconnaitra jamais des droits et je me creerai toujours de nouveaux devoirs"' (Translation: 'Here is a maxim of life: “I will never recognise my rights and I will always create new duties”'). At the foot of the page (which could be neatly excised if desired) appears an A.N.S. by Augusto Celestino da Costa (1884-1956) Portuguese scientist, in French, in full, 'J'aime beaucoup la fameuse phrase de Guillaume le Taciturne: Point n'est besoin d'esperer pour entreprendre ni de reussir pour perseverer' (Translation: 'I really like the famous sentence of William the Silent: There is no need to hope to undertake, nor to succeed to persevere'). Some very light creasing and a few extremely small tears to the edges, otherwise VG 

PASTEUR LOUIS: (1822-1895) French chemist and microbiologist, renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination and pasteurisation. A.L.S., L. Pasteur, one page, 8vo, Paris, 10th April 1882, to a gentleman, in French. Pasteur writes, in part, 'Je vous remercie de votre lettre et de votre dépêche de ce matin. Vous aurez la complaisance de me dire si les deux moutons morts a Forfry annoncés par votre dépêche, font partie des 3 mauvais qui ont reçu d'emblée le vaccin spécial ou des 45 qui ont reçu antérieurement le 1er vaccin' (Translation: 'I thank you for your letter and your telegram this morning. You will have the kindness to tell me if the two dead sheep at Forfry announced by your telegram, are part of the 3 ill ones who immediately received the special vaccine or of the 45 who have previously received the 1st vaccine') and in a postscript remarks 'Retenez bien que le 7 avril vous avez inoculé chez M. Narest ; le 8 avril, chez Mr Longuet ; le 9 avril chez ? - je ne sais pas encore. Ne confondez pas les résultats dans ces trois cas-là' (Translation: 'Remember that on 7th April you inoculated at Mr. Narest's; on 8th April at Mr. Longuet's; on 9th April at? - I do not know yet. Do not confuse the results in these three cases'). A few very light, minor creases and one small tear to the centre of the lower edge, otherwise VGPasteur had been trying to develop the anthrax vaccine since 1877, shortly after Robert Koch's discovery of the bacterium, but it was not until 21st March 1881 that he announced the successful vaccination of sheep, and a public experiment was conducted a few months later in May. All of the vaccinated sheep survived, while unvaccinated ones died before the public viewers, and Pasteur's report to the French Academy of Sciences in June concluded '[by] looking at everything from the scientific point of view, the development of a vaccination against anthrax constitutes significant progress beyond the first vaccine developed by Jenner, since the latter had never been obtained experimentally'.

[DREYFUS AFFAIR]: FREYCINET CHARLES DE (1828-1923) French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France 1879-80, 1882, 1886 & 1890-92 and also served an important term as Minister of War 1888-93. A.L.S., C. de Freycinet, one page, 8vo, n.p., 28th November 1897, to 'Mon cher ministre et ami', in French. Freycinet makes an enquiry regarding Dreyfus, 'Vous m'obligeriez de me donner la date de l'arrete qui a admis l'ex-capitaine Dreyfus a l'Etat majeur de l'armee. Je la crois posterieure a ma sortie du ministere' (Translation: 'You would oblige me to give me the date of the decree which admitted ex-Captain Dreyfus to Major of the army. I believe it postdates my leaving the ministry') and in a postscript remarks 'Je vous rappelle que le dedoublement du  6e corps est a l'ordre du jour de mardi. je ne prévois pas de discussion' (Translation: 'I remind you that the duplication of the 6th corps is on Tuesday's agenda. I don't plan any discussion'). A couple of dates, in 1892 & 1893, appear in an annotation to the lower left margin, presumably in the hand of the recipient of the letter. With blank integral leaf. VG 

FREUDENTHAL HANS: (1905-1990) Jewish-German-born Dutch mathematician who made substantial contributions to algebraic topology. Concluding third (and final) page of a T.L.S., Hans Freudenthal, one page, 4to, Utrecht, 17th September 1966, to Henri Corbiere, on the printed stationery of the Mathematics Institute at the University of Utrecht, in French. Freudenthal's text states, in part, 'And the great problems of humanity? Is it permissible to cross them out with a few strokes of the pen? No, we put them in brackets. The way to the solution of big mathematical problems is paved by the hard work of those who do not disdain small problems. Despite all our theories, the truths of our existence would be demonstrated by future facts which the individual does not know, but which the human race will know…..Otherwise it will have well deserved its fate which would not be different from that of the saurian of the tertiary.' Together with a vintage unsigned 3.5 x 4.5 photograph of Freudenthal seated in a half-length pose at his desk, smoking a pipe, and with a pen in one hand. Annotated in the hand of Henri Corbiere to the verso and dated 2nd August 1967. Two small staple holes to the upper left corner of the letter, otherwise VG, 2 

LEOPOLD I: (1790-1865) King of the Belgians 1831-65. D.S., Leopold R, one page, folio, Palace of Laeken, 6th September 1844, in French. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, acknowledges the appointment of Jose A. Hauman as the Consul of the Republic of Venezuela at Brussels and grants him 'tous les privileges, franchises, preeminences attaches a son emploi' (Translation: 'all the privileges, rights, pre-eminences attached to his employment'), further stating 'Enjoignons a toutes les autorites administratives et judiciaires de le reconnaitre en qualite de Consul de Venezuela a Bruxelles afin qu'il puisse exercer librement les fonctions qui lui sont confiees, a la charge neanmoins, s'il fait quelque commerce, de rester expose aux poursuites eventuelles sans avoir le droit d'opposer aucune exception du chef de sa qualite de Consul' (Translation: 'We require all the administrative and judicial authorities to recognise him as Consul of Venezuela in Brussels so that he can freely exercise the functions entrusted to him, subject nevertheless, if he conducts some business, to remain exposed to prosecution without having the right to oppose any exception on the grounds of his capacity as Consul'). Signed by the King at the foot and countersigned by Albert Joseph, Count Goblet d'Alviella (1790-1873) Belgian politician who served as Prime Minister of Belgium 1832-34. With blind embossed paper seal affixed (some light staining) and blank integral leaf. Some light age wear and a few very minor, small tears to the upper edge, otherwise VG 

KOTZEBUE AUGUST VON: (1761-1819) German Writer. Assassinated. A Dramatist who graduated and practiced as a lawyer in Weimar and also worked as Consul in Russia. Scarce A.L.S., `Kotzebue´, twice and in the third person, one page, 4to, Paris, 4th December 1803, to Mr. Perregaux, in French. Kotzebue states in full `Kotzebue prend la liberté de prier Mr. Perregaux de vouloir bien avoir la bonté de faire remettre au porteur le contenu de la lettre de change ci-incluse, et même vingt Louis de plus, sur la lettre de crédit pareillement jointe à ce billet. Avant son départ prochain Kotzebue ne manquera pas de venir lui-même présenter ses respects à Mr. Perregaux et le remercier de toutes ses bontés´ (Translation: `Kotzebue takes the liberty of requesting Mr. Perregaux to be good enough to deliver to the bearer the content of the bill of exchange enclosed, and also twenty Louis more on the letter of credit attached in the same way to this note. Before his next departure Kotzebue will not fail to come himself to present his respects to Mr. Perregaux and thank him for all his kindness´) Paper with a Vander Ley watermark. With blank integral leaf. G to VG Kotzebue was murdered in 1819 by a militant member of the Burschenschaften, university student association, a theology student who accused Kotzebue of being an enemy of the German people for scoffing at the pretentions of free institutions in a journal article published in Weimar. This murder gave Prince Metternich the pretext to issue the Carlsbad decrees of 1819, which dissolved the Burschenschaften, imposing greater restrictions on universities and the press, restricting academic freedom in the states of the German Confederation.   

GUISAN HENRI: (1874-1960) Swiss General who held the office of the General of the Swiss Armed Forces during World War II. The personal printed oblong 12mo Visiting Card of Guisan, unsigned, featuring his printed name and rank ('Le Colonel Commandant de Corps H. Guisan') to the centre, as Commandant de 1er. Corps d'armee, and address at Pully-Lausanne to the lower right corner, with five lines of text in his hand to the recto and verso, in the third person, in French, 'vous presente ses respects, ses remerciements pour votre aimable envoi dedicace et se permet d'y ajoutes ses cordiales felicitations' (Translation: 'presents his respects, his thanks for your kind dedication and allows himself to add his cordial congratulations'). Guisan has also added the place and date, Verte-Rive, 27th May 1939, in his hand. Accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by Guisan to Professor E[ugene] Pittard in Geneva. VGEugene Pittard (1867-1962) Swiss anthropologist.

HINDENBURG PAUL VON: (1847-1934) German Field Marshal and statesman who served as President of Germany 1925-34. A.L.S., von Hindenburg, one page, large 4to, Berlin, 21st October 1931, to Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria, in German. In bold, dark fountain pen ink the President sends a brief greeting to the Prince, 'I request permission to send Your Royal Highness the most obliging birthday wishes'. Accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by Hindenburg to His Royal Highness in Munich. One neat split to the edge of the central right fold, otherwise VG Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (1859-1949) Bavarian Prince and an Infante of Spain by his marriage to Infanta Maria de la Paz, daughter of Queen Isabella II of Spain. The Prince celebrated his birthday on 22nd October.   

TAYLOR ELIZABETH: (1932-2011) English actress, Academy Award winner for Best Actress in 1960 for her role as Gloria Wandrous in Butterfield 8. An excellent vintage signed and inscribed 10 x 8 photograph of Taylor, in costume from her Oscar winning performance as Wandrous, seated in a half-length pose at a café table opposite Laurence Harvey, in costume as Weston Liggett, kissing her hand as he professes his love to her in a scene from the drama film Butterfield 8. Signed by Taylor in bold blue fountain pen ink to a light area at the base of the image. About EXProvenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink.

JACKSON GLENDA: (1936-     ) British actress and politician, Academy Award winner for Best Actress in 1973 for her role as Vickie Allessio in A Touch of Class. Signed colour 10 x 8 front of house still by Jackson, the image depicting her in costume from her Oscar winning performance as Vickie Allessio, lying in a full-length pose on a Spanish beach alongside George Segal, who portrayed Steve Blackburn, in a scene from the romantic comedy film A Touch of Class. Signed by Jackson in bold blue ink with her name alone to a light area of the image. A couple of very light, extremely minor corner creases, VG

LAFONTAINE CHARLES: (1803-1892) French mesmerist, or 'traveling public magnetic demonstrator' who had 'an interest in animal magnetism as an agent for curing or alleviating illnesses'. A.L.S., Lafontaine, one page, 8vo, Pall Mall East, London, 10th August 1841, to a gentleman, in French. Lafontaine states that he has received his correspondent's letter 'qui m'apprend, le desir, que vous avez de faire magnetiser votre fils sourd-muet il est agé de 8 ans ½' (Translation: 'which teaches me, the desire, which you have to have your deaf-mute son magnetized, he is 8 ½ years old') and continues to add that it is a favourable age and if he would like to come to Lafontaine's home tomorrow at 2 o'clock then 'j'examinerai s'il peut etre magnetise' (Translation: 'I will examine if he can be magnetised'). Scarce. Some very light extremely minor age wear and a minor strip of former mounting to the verso, otherwise VG

REDOUTE PIERRE-JOSEPH: (1759-1840) Belgian painter and botanist, known for his watercolours of roses, lilies and other flowers at the Chateau de Malmaison, residence of Josephine de Beauharnais. A.L.S., Redoute, one page, 4to, n.p., 10th December 1811, to [Aime] Bonpland, in French. Redoute states that he would have been pleased to have seen his correspondent that day, 'mais je suis encore derange pour une affaire bien ennuieuse' (Translation: 'but I am still bothered by a very boring matter') and continues 'voici donc le petite note que vous me demandez depuis si-longtemps mais je ne me rapelle point ce que vous avez depense vous meme, car ne ne fais pas noter je sais bien que vous avec paye le dernier gitte a Rouen, que vous avez paye la voiture......et que vous m'avez avance quelque choser je ne sais plus pourquoi' (Translation: 'here is the little note that you have been asking me for so long a time, but I don't remember what you spent yourself, because I didn't write it down. I know that you paid for the last lodging at Rouen, that you paid for the carriage….and that you advanced me something, I don't know why'). A letter of good association. Together with two A.Ls.S. and a manuscript D.S. by Henri-Joseph Redoute (1766-1852) Belgian artist, younger brother of Pierre-Joseph Redoute. Henri-Joseph worked primarily as a zoological artist and accompanied Napoleon on his invasion of Egypt in 1798. Some light creasing to Pierre-Joseph's letter and some age wear and minor faults to those signed by Henri-Joseph. G to VG, 4 Aime Bonpland (1773-1858) French botanist and explorer who travelled with Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America 1799-1804. Bonpland served as superintendent over the gardens at the Chateau de Malmaison.  

POLLACK SYDNEY: (1934-2008) American film director, Academy Award winner. Signed and inscribed 9.5 x 7 photograph of Pollack standing outdoors in a full-length pose engaged in conversation with Robert Redford, who stands opposite in costume as Mexican War veteran Jeremiah Johnson, on location for the Western film Jeremiah Johnson (1972). Signed by Pollack in black fountain pen ink to a light area of the image. About EX Provenance: The present photograph originates from the collection of Pierre Goulliard, a French gentleman who, for over 50 years, dedicated himself to obtaining in person autographs of British, American and European movie stars, always obtaining the signatures in fountain pen ink. 

VIGNY ALFRED DE : (1797-1863) Count of Vigny. French Poet, Writer and Translator of Shakespeare. A fine A.L.S., `Alfred de Vigny´, one page, 8vo, n.p., Monday evening, 4th may 1840, in French. De Vigny tries to help a person and states `J´ai déjà fait aujourd´hui, monsieur, des démarches qui j´espère ne seront pas inutiles à notre bon et intéressant malade. Nous en parlerons s´il vous plait, mercredi, vers midi, si vous voulez bien venir´ (`I have already taken steps today, sir, which I hope will not be useless to our good and interesting patient. We will talk about it please, Wednesday, around noon, if you want to come´) Vigny further explains how busy he will be the day after and states `…je n´aurais pas le temps de vous tout dire sur les moyens que nous aurons de secourir le frère et la sœur qui méritaient un sort meilleur et qui me font bien de la peine´ (`I will not have time to tell you everything about the means we will have to help the brother and sister who deserved a better fate and who make me feel very sad…´) With blank integral leaf. VG  

DODGSON CHARLES LUTWIDGE: (1832-1898) Lewis Carroll. English author, poet and mathematician whose works include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865). A rare signed and inscribed printed leaflet entitled An Easter Greeting to Every Child who Loves Alice, four pages, 12mo, n.p., 11th September 1877. The leaflet takes the form of a letter addressed to Dear Child and was privately printed for the author in Oxford in 1876, the opening text stating 'Please to fancy, if you can, that you are reading a real letter, from a real friend whom you have seen, and whose voice you can seem to yourself to hear wishing you, as I do now with all my heart, a happy Easter'. This first edition first printing is on paper bearing a partial 'E Towgood Fine' watermark and features the word 'My' in Roman type face, instead of italics, at line twelve of the third page. Signed by Carroll with the rarer form of his signature in his characteristic mauve coloured ink to the cover, 'Edith from Lewis Carroll' and dated 11th September 1877 in his hand. A couple of very light, extremely minor creases, otherwise VG Copies of the present leaflet, which have previously been described as 'the rarest of the Carroll items excepting the first issue of Alice', were originally printed with the intention of having them inserted into specially bound presentation copies of The Hunting of the Snark, however Dodgson is also known to have given away individual copies to his young friends, as would appear to have been the case with the present example.

DUFOUR GUILLAUME HENRI: (1787-1875) Swiss General, engineer and topographer who served under Napoleon I. Dufour presided over the First Geneva Convention in 1864 which established the International Red Cross. A charming A.L.S., Genl. G. H. Dufour, Philopoimen, two pages, 8vo, Geneva, 23rd September 1862, to 'Mon cher Dupin', in French. Dufour states that his correspondent's letter 'm'a fait un sensible plaisir en me fournissant la preuve que ni la distance, ni les annees, n'avait efface de votre souvenir un vieux camarade de service' (Translation: 'gave me great pleasure by providing me with the proof that neither distance nor years had erased from your memory an old comrade in the service') and continues 'Je vous remercie des expressions bien veillantes dont vous vous etes servi a mon egard. Je voudrais les meriter en tout point, mais je sens, mieux que personne, tout ce qui me manque pour cela. Nous avons longuement parle de vous avec M. de Chabrier, et si vous reconnaissez les qualites solides de cet homme estoimable, de caractere antique, je puis vous assurer que, de son cote, il ne parle de vous que dans les termes de l'affection la plus vraie et la mieux sentie. Vous avez apprecie a leur juste valeur les paroles inconsiderees de Biscio et consors, et comme vous le dites, nous devon remercier les etourdis qui les ont prononces si legerement; car ces paroles ont donne lieu a des manifestations patriotiques, a d'energieques protestations, qui ne peuvent laisser aucun doute sur les vrais sentiments de nos population….' (Translation: 'I thank you for the benevolent expressions which you have used towards me. I would like to deserve them in every way, but I feel, better than anyone, how much I lack for that. We spoke at length about you with M. de Chabrier, and if you recognise the solid qualities of this estimable man, of ancient character, I can assure you that, on his side, he speaks of you only in terms of the truest and best felt affection. You have fully appreciated the inconsiderate words of Biscio et al., and as you say, we must thank the thoughtless people who spoke them so lightly; because these words gave rise to patriotic demonstrations, to energetic protests, which can leave no doubt about the true feelings of our people…..') before concluding 'vous travaillez toujours; je vous en fait mon compliment, et je felicite le public qui profitera de vous....Pour moi, je deviens de jour en jour plus paresseux, et ne conserve quelque verdeur que pour l'amitie' (Translation: 'you are still working; I pay you my compliment, and I congratulate the public who will take advantage of you…..For me, I become lazier day by day, and retain some greenness only for friendship'). With blank integral leaf. VG 

QUEEN MARGOT - MARGARET OF VALOIS: (1553-1615) Popularly known as "La Reine Margot". French Princess of the Valois dynasty. Queen of Navarre 1572-1599 as spouse of King Henry III of Navarre, and later Queen of France 1589-99 at her husband´s accession to the French throne as Henry IV. Margaret was the daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de´ Medici, and the sister of Kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. Extremely rare A.L.S., `Marguerite´, two pages, folio, n.p., n.d., to Henry, in old French. Margaret of Valois writes in her hand twelve lines of text at the base of a letter, stating `Faites que Mr Rigaut me [fasse] [trouver]… et faites que ie vous trouve plus veritable en Celle que ne l´avez été au bois de lezoux et… s´en donner ce que j´en… et vous assure que je suis touiours… Vre bonne… Marguerite´ (Translation: "Make sure that Mr. Rigaut find for me… and let me find you more true on the one the you have not been in the Bois de Lezoux… give him what I do… and assure you that I am always… Your good… Marguerite") The letter written text states in part `Henry, le bon commencement que je crois de mes affaires me promet que dieu fera enfin le reste aussi heureusement. J'ai beaucoup d'obligation à monsieur d'Here de la Bonnerusher, rien ne lui manque en son voyage et qu'il reste content de vous et écrivez moi souvent tout ce [qui] s'y fera. Vous m'écrivez qu'avec mes… de notre affaire dieu veuille… ainsi vous ne me mandez rien de votre mariage et crois que mes affaires vous font oublier les vôtres. Je serais bien aise qu'il [vous] réussisse. Monsieur Richaud m'écrit qu'il ne pourra pas… de l'argent des bois de Lezoux. Ce n'est pas ce que vous m'avez dit, prenez garde que vous soyez plus véritable aux autres espérances que vous m'avez données. Je me réjouis infiniment de la bonne intelligence qui est entre monsieur Richaud et monsieur Savaron, maintenez-la toujours afin que mes affaires en aillent mieux. J'écris à monsieur de Savaron. Rendez-lui mes lettres. Je le remercie de la bonne volonté qu'il m'a témoignée et lui représente combien je reçois de contentement de la bonne intelligence qu'il a voulu avoir pour mes affaires avec monsieur Richaud et le prie de faire entendre à ceux de Clermont combien il me ferait paraître de bonne volonté à ne permettre plus que les gens de mon neveu demeurent à Clermont qui n'ont plus prétexte d'y demeurer à cette heure que j'en ai pris possession…´ (Translation: "Henry, the good start I believe in my affairs promises me that God will finally do the rest as happily. I have a lot of obligations to Monsieur d'Here de la Bonnerusher, he has everything he needs for his trip and that he remains happy with you and write to me often about everything that will happen there. You write to me only with my… of our business, that I hope God grant… so you don't tell me anything about your marriage and I think that my business makes you forget yours. I would be glad if he succeeds. Monsieur Richaud writes to me that he will not be able to… money from the woods of Lezoux. That's not what you told me, take care that you are truer to the other hopes you gave me. I am infinitely delighted with the good understanding that exists between Mr. Richaud and Mr. Savaron, always maintain it so that my business will go better. I am writing to Monsieur de Savaron. Give him my letters. I thank him for the goodwill he has shown to me and tell him how pleased I am with the good understanding he wanted to have for my business with Monsieur Richaud and ask him to make those of Clermont understand how much he would make me appear willing to no longer allow my nephew's people to live in Clermont, who no longer have a pretext to live there at this time that I have taken possession of it…") To the verso, a hand written short paragraph refers to Charmont and to the deliberations of the Council of State, also referring to a cause of a problem, to wisdom and behaviour. The Queen's text is scattered with small holes as a result of the iron gall ink having reacted with the paper over time, although most words remain legible and the signature is only very slightly affected. Some light overall foxing and a few minor, small tears to the edges, GMargaret of Valois refers to Monsieur Savaron, most probably Jean Savaron (1566-1622) French Historian and Magistrate of the city of Clermont. The letter refers to the city of Clermont and to the one of Lezoux.Margaret of Valois was a woman of letters, an enlightened mind and a generous patron. She was one of the most fashionable women of her time and influenced many other European Royal courts. During her imprisonment she wrote her memoirs, the first woman to have done so.Margaret´s union with the King of Navarre which had been intended to contribute to the reconciliation of Roman Catholics and the Huguenots in France, was tarnished six days after the marriage ceremony by the St. Bartholomew´s Day massacre.Margaret´s infertility and the political tensions led to the end of her marriage. She consented a Royal divorce in 1599 and lived in exile.Alexandre Dumas père wrote his well-known historical novel La Reine Margot in 1845. Although the novel is based on real characters and events, certain aspects of La Reine Margot may be inconsistent with the historical record; historians have attributed that to artistic licence and to the fact that Dumas might have been influenced by propaganda against certain historical figures.

TRUMBO DALTON: (1905-1976) American screenwriter of Roman Holiday (1953) and other Hollywood movies, Academy Award winner. Trumbo was one of the Hollywood Ten and refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1947 during their investigation of alleged Communist influences in the motion picture industry. Book signed, being a hardback edition of Hollywood on Trial by Gordon Kahn, First Edition published by Boni & Gaer, New York, 1948. Signed by Trumbo in blue ink with his name alone to the front free endpaper and also signed by Adrian Scott (1911-1972) American screenwriter and film producer, one of the Hollywood Ten who was blacklisted by Hollywood movie studio bosses. Further signed by Gordon Kahn (1902-1962) American author and screenwriter who was blacklisted during the McCarthy era. Signed ('Gordon Kahn') in black fountain pen ink to the title page. Bound in grey boards with dark green title to the cover and spine. Lacking the dust jacket. Some light age wear and a few small tears and scuffing to the upper and lower edges of the spine, otherwise about VG