1200 – 800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with lozenge-shaped, lentoid section blade with raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 3) spearhead with short triangular-shaped, barbed blade with short necks and tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:50-125mm; 53g.Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s;
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C. 1200-1600 AD, Medieval. Bronze ring with a circular hoop, slightly raised shoulders and a octagonal bezel with an inset gem. The gem bears incised decoration in the form of a shield. Heraldry, or the use of an inherited coat of arms, was a means by which to display personal identity and familial relations. This tradition began c. 12th century AD in battlefield contexts were elites needed a symbol to display in order to be easily recognizable even when their faces were obscured by armour. By the 13th century AD this practice was adopted by nobles and knights who took immense pride in their family arms and colours. The heraldic ring was a key part of this personal branding as it allowed the owner to stamp their coat of arms on their correspondences. Fair condition. Wearable. Size: D:21mm/L:26mm; 5g. Provenance: From an old London collection formed in the 1990s;
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A bronze sword with a pointed, tapering blade, and a short tang with a perforation for affixing the blade to a pommel. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:440mm / W:62mm ; 430g
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Bronze Age. A bronze sword with a pointed, bevelled blade, raised midrib and a short tang with a perforation for affixing the blade to a pommel. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:430mm; 225g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s;
800-1100 AD, Viking Age. Beautifully preserved iron sword with double-edged bevelled and pointed blade and wide shallow fuller or blood groove; broad guard, rectangular integrated grip and smaller rectangular pommel ornamented with tripartite crown decoration. The era known as the Viking age lasted for more than 300 years, from the late 8th century to the late 11th century. The history of the Vikings is closely linked to their role as masters of the sea. They were feared as fierce and ruthless invaders; this high-quality sword probably belonged to a Viking chieftain who led his warriors in search of fortune. For more information on this type of sword, see Petersen, Jan (1919). De Norske Vikingesverd: En Typologisk-Kronologisk Studie Over Vikingetidens Vaaben. Kristiania, pp.142- 9, Type S. Excellent condition. Size: Total H940mm,blade H780mm, handle 150mmxW40mm; 1286gr. Provenance: Property of a London gentleman; acquired from a private estate collection formed before 2000.
800-600 BC, Greek Hoplite Period. Rare iron xiphos dagger with a leaf shaped blade, elegant Quillion, and an intact tubular bone handle with toothed end and incised decoration comprising a series of bands framing a field of concentric chevrons. Swords, spears, daggers and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it, especially the Hoplites. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only be sustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplites primarily fought using the closed phalanx formation to allow best use of their frequently small numbers. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, see Donald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Good condition. Size: L:325mm; 144g. Provenance: Property of an established London gallery; acquired from a private estate collection formed in the 1990s.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A superb bronze example of an axe or Perun amulet of the bearded variety comprising a suspension loop and stylised blade incised curvilinear decoration. This type of amulet is modelled after the axe Molnia and is often seen as a counter part to the common Mjolnir amulet. Some associate these axe pendants with Perun who was the ruler of living world, sky and earth who used the axe to kill the snake that stole the earthly light. Good condition. Wearable. Size: 52mmx36mm;15gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.
C. 1200-1600. Medieval. Bronze ring with circular hoop, gently flaring shoulders and an oval bezel. The bezel bears incised decoration in the form of a crowned two headed eagle framed by a crimped border. Heraldry, or the use of an inherited coat of arms, was a means by which to display personal identity and familial relations. This tradition began c. 12th century AD in battlefield contexts were elites needed a symbol to display in order to be easily recognizable even when their faces were obscured by armour. By the 13th century AD this practice was adopted by nobles and knights who took immense pride in their family arms and colours. The heraldic ring was a key part of this personal branding as it allowed the owner to stamp their coat of arms on their correspondences. Good Condition. Wearable. Size: 20mm;US 10 UK U 1/2; 5gr. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking Age. An iron bearded axe head with a heavy curved blade and a round socket. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. Further information on axes of this type can be found in H. Arbman, Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Excellent condition; mounted on a custom-made stand. Size: H:110mm/L:165mm/H:90mm (without stand); 855g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Somerset gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed before 2000 on the UK /European art markets
C. 1100, Viking Age. A heavy silver ring is comprised of a circular hoop with flaring shoulders and a round bezel bearing incised decoration in the form of a ship and a sea-serpent surrounded by a circular frame. This ring was probably intended to evoke the mythical beast Jörmungandr. In Norse mythology,Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: 20mm;US 10 UK U 1/2; 3gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.
1200-1600 AD. Medieval / possibly British. Bronze ring with D-shaped hoop, gently flaring shoulders and an oval bezel. The bezel bears incised decoration in the form a crowned lion holding a sword surrounded by a crimped border. The shoulders bear incised linear decoration. Heraldry, or the use of an inherited coat of arms, was a means by which to display personal identity and familial relations. This tradition began c. 12th century AD in battlefield contexts were elites needed a symbol to display in order to be easily recognizable even when their faces were obscured by armour. By the 13th century AD this practice was adopted by nobles and knights who took immense pride in their family arms and colours. The heraldic ring was a key part of this personal branding as it allowed the owner to stamp their coat of arms on their correspondences. Good condition. Wearable. Size: 20mm;US 10 UK U 1/2; 6gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.
C. 450-1 BC. La Tene culture. A set of two iron leaf shaped spearheads with raised midribs. Each of these items has been ritually bent. Iron weapons were an important part of La Tene culture, often appearing in warrior’s graves. The ritual bending of such weapons was a way to consign these valuable weapons to the graves or dedicate them in religious ritual. Weapons such as this sword served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. For more information about ritually bent spears see Ivan Drni? 2015, La Tène spearheads from south-eastern Pannonia and the northern Balkans: typology, chronology, ritual, and social context. Good condition. Size: L:200mm / W:230mm ; 497g. Provenance: Property of a professional London art expert; obtained from an old British collection formed in the 1980s.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze bracelet with punched dot and box decoration, and raised ridges on the terminals thought to be a stylised depictions of dragons, which frequently appear on Viking-age ornaments. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also. given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Dragons were important figures in Norse mythology, and were known for their powerful, destructive nature, perhaps reflecting a claim to power by the individual who once owned this bracelet. Good condition, beautiful patina Size: 48mmx63mm; 33gr. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1990s on the UK and European art market.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A bronze coiled ring intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Size: 23mm; 9gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.
700-1000 AD, Viking Age. An iron sword with a long, single-edged blade, culminating in a point and a rectangular guard. The sword was an elite weapon during the Viking period, and only the most well-off warriors - the cavalry - would have been able to afford one. Such swords were used both by the Vikings and Khazars. The elite status of swords during the Viking age is made clear both by their presence in some of the richest graves as well as a law of Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperor, which requires soldeirs who could afford to maintain a horse to be equipped with a sword. Fair condition; on a custom-made stand. Size: L:670mm / W:100mm ; 408g. Provenance: Property of a central London Ancient Art Gallery; previously obtained from a British private collection formed in the 1980s.
1-300 AD, Roman. Bronze ring with circular hoop and octagonal bezel with incised decoration depicting a beast of unclear identification. Perhaps the property of a Roman soldier, who may have used it to sign and seal his letters. Good, wearable condition. Size: 20mm;US 10 UK U 1/2; 5gr. Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK art market.
1200-1600 AD. Medieval. Bronze ring with circular hoop, gently flaring shoulders and an oval bezel. The bezel bears incised decoration in the form a bird siting atop a column surrounded by a vegetal motif. Heraldry, or the use of an inherited coat of arms, was a means by which to display personal identity and familial relations. This tradition began c. 12th century AD in battlefield contexts were elites needed a symbol to display in order to be easily recognizable even when their faces were obscured by armour. By the 13th century AD this practice was adopted by nobles and knights who took immense pride in their family arms and colours. The heraldic ring was a key part of this personal branding as it allowed the owner to stamp their coat of arms on their correspondences. Good Condition. Wearable. Size: 17mm;US 7.5 UK P; 6gr. Provenance: Private collection of an Oxford professional, formed in the 1970s-1990s on the UK art market.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking Age. An iron bearded axehead with a heavy curved blade and a round socket. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. Further information on axes of this type can be found in H. Arbman, Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Good condition. Size: H:140mm/L:210mm/H:115mm (without stand); 1331g. Provenance: From the private collection of an Essex gentleman; previously in an old British Collection, formed in the 1980s.
Ancient Egyptian. Striking restrung necklace comprising red, grey and brown hardstone beads of circular and annular form, arranged around a steatite scarab. The steatite scarab features well-modelled head and a hieroglyphic design on the reverse. Scarabs, from Latin scarabaeus (“beetle”), which in turn comes from Greek karabos (“beetle”; “crayfish”), were artistic depictions of the Egyptian dung beetle. In Egyptian mythology, these insects were linked to the Sun God Ra, who after his death in the Underworld, was reborn as a scarab. Used as amulets, seals and to fulfil commemorative functions, scarabs were an important element of dress. Their undersides frequently feature hieroglyphic or geometric designs to identify their owners or ward off evil spirits. Due to their small, abstract nature, scarabs cannot normally be closely dated generally. See K. M. Kooney (2008). ‘Scarabs,’ in The UCLA Encyclopaedia of Egyptology, available online at https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13v7v5gd Good condition; professionally restrung and wearable. Size: 26mm; 7gr. Provenance: Property of a professional Ancient art and jewelry expert; previously with a London gallery; initially from a private British collection formed in the 1990s.
c. 1000-1500 AD. Medieval. A silver ring with a round hoop and a circular bezel bearing incised decoration in the form of a ship and sailors. This item may have belonged to a merchant who made his fortune in shipping. Good condition. Size: 18mm; US 8 UK Q; 2gr. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.
1000-1200 AD, Norman. Rare bronze ring with circular hoop and round bezel bearing incised decoration described within a circle. The decoration comprises a detailed horse in motion against a vegetal background. The Normans were a people descended from the Vikings, who came to settle Northern France, before carving out kingdoms for themselves in Britain and Sicily. They were fearsome fighters just like their Viking ancestors, and revelled in their military prowess. This item may have belonged to one such Norman warrior. Good, wearable condition. Size: D: 20.6mm, US: 11, UK: V1/2; 10.1g. Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1970s
1200-800 BC. Bronze Age Luristani. Rare decorated bronze axe with flat, curved blade, prominent midrib which splits to form three branches as it approaches the blade, and circular socket. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on custom-made stand. Size: H:130mm/L:145mm/H:45mm (without stand); 500g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK and European art market.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze bracelet with punched dot and box decoration, and raised ridges on the terminals thought to be a stylised depictions of dragons, which frequently appear on Viking-age ornaments. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also. given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Dragons were important figures in Norse mythology, and were known for their powerful, destructive nature, perhaps reflecting a claim to power by the individual who once owned this bracelet. Good condition, beautiful patina. Size: H: 51.5mm, W: 67.3mm; 49.62g. Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1970s.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze twisted bracelet comprised strands of bronze woven together with incised lines intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: H: 52.3mm, W: 70.4mm; 37.90g. Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1970s;
Ca. 1st Millennium BC. Ancient Egyptian. Steatite scarab with well-modelled head, perforation for suspension and decoration on the reverse comprising two rows of concentric circles separated by a line. Scarabs, from Latin scarabaeus (“beetle”), which in turn comes from Greek karabos (“beetle”; “crayfish”), were artistic depictions of the Egyptian dung beetle. In Egyptian mythology, these insects were linked to the Sun God Ra, who after his death in the Underworld, was reborn as a scarab. Used as amulets, seals and to fulfil commemorative functions, scarabs were an important element of dress. Their undersides frequently feature hieroglyphic or geometric designs to identify their owners or ward off evil spirits. Due to their small, abstract nature, scarabs cannot normally be closely dated generally. See K. M. Kooney (2008). ‘Scarabs,’ in The UCLA Encyclopaedia of Egyptology, available online at https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13v7v5gd Good condition. Size: H: 11.9mm, W: 16.8mm; 1.73g. Provenance: Private UK collection; formerly with a USA gallery; imported by Mr. E.E. in the shortly before and after the WW2.
c. 800-600 BC, Greek Hoplite Period, A beautiful hoplite sword with a tapering, bevelled blade, a slightly raised midrib, a deep, decorative fuller or “blood groove” with a flaring base, and a short tang. This item is mounted on a stand and has a fantastic green patina. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Weapons such as this sword powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it, especially the Hoplites. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only be sustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplites primarily fought using the closed phalanx formation. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, see Donald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Superb condition. Size: L:322mm / W:55mm ; 229g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s;
Ca. 1st Millennium BC. Ancient Egyptian. Steatite scarab with well-modelled head, perforation for suspension and floral motif on the reverse. Scarabs, from Latin scarabaeus (“beetle”), which in turn comes from Greek karabos (“beetle”; “crayfish”), were artistic depictions of the Egyptian dung beetle. In Egyptian mythology, these insects were linked to the Sun God Ra, who after his death in the Underworld, was reborn as a scarab. Used as amulets, seals and to fulfil commemorative functions, scarabs were an important element of dress. Their undersides frequently feature hieroglyphic or geometric designs to identify their owners or ward off evil spirits. Due to their small, abstract nature, scarabs cannot normally be closely dated generally. See K. M. Kooney (2008). ‘Scarabs,’ in The UCLA Encyclopaedia of Egyptology, available online at https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13v7v5gd Good condition. Size: H: 4.40mm, W: 17.4mm; 1.69g. Provenance: Private UK collection; formerly with a USA gallery; imported by Mr. E.E. in the shortly before and after the WW2.
c. 350-100 BC. Ancient Hellenistic. A heavy gold ring with a D-shaped band and an almond-shaped bezel bearing an incised image of a muse. The Muses were the inspirational goddesses of the arts, literature and science. These goddesses were especially important to the ancient Greeks who considered themselves to be the centre of civilisation and culture. Good condition. Wearable Size: D:18 mm;US 8.5; UK Q; 12.90 g. Provenance: Property of a central London Ancient Art Gallery; previously obtained from a British private collection formed in the 1980s.
C. 700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Bronze wolf tooth pendant with stylised root decoration and suspension loop at the top. Fenrir (pronounced “FEN-rir;” Old Norse Fenrir, “He Who Dwells in the Marshes”) is the most infamous of the many wolves in Norse mythology. His importance for the pre-Christian Scandinavians is demonstrated by his being depicted on numerous surviving runestones, not to mention his ubiquity in Old Norse literary sources. This pendant may have belonged to a Viking warrior, who wore it as a sign of his prowess in battle. Good condition. Size: H: 40.3mm, W: 18.5mm; 5.34g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Cambridgeshire gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK /European art markets.
700-1000 AD. Viking Age. An iron sword with a long, single-edged blade, culminating in a point, a rectangular guard and tapering grip. The sword was an elite weapon during the Viking period, and only the most well-off warriors - the cavalry - would have been able to afford one. Such swords were used both by the Vikings and Khazars The elite status of swords during the Viking age is made clear both by their presence in some of the richest graves as well as a law of Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperor, which requires soldeirs who could afford to maintain a horse to be equipped with a sword. Good condition. Size: L:825mm / W:70mm ; 680g. Provenance: Property of a professional London art expert; obtained from an old British collection formed in the 1970s.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze twisted bracelet comprised strands of bronze woven together and intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: H: 55.5mm, W: 64.4mm; 23.81g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Kent gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed before 2000 on the UK /European art markets.
1-300 AD, Roman. Ring with circular loop, and raised round bezel bearing an incised decoration comprising numerous incised circles nested inside eachother to form a sun motif common in Roman art. The sun stands for Sol Invictus (Latin for: "Unconquered Sun"), a major divinity in Late Roman Religion. Sol Invictus was a patron of soldier and became part of official state religion in AD 274 under the Emperor Aurelian. The cult continued into the 5th century as St Augustine felt it necessary to preach against Sol to his Christian congregation. The connection between Sol and soldiers means that this item may well have belonged to a Roman legionary, who wore it a in hope of protection during military campaigns. Good condition. Size: D: 18.8mm, US: 8 1/2, UK: R; 2.05g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A fine bronze twisted bracelet comprised strands of bronze woven together and intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: H: 55.3mm, W: 65.6mm; 23.09g. Provenance: Private collection of an Oxford professional, formed in the 1970s-1990s on the UK art market.
700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A superb heavy gold ring is comprised of a twisted band with wrapped terminals. This ring was intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: D: 16.9mm, US: 6.5, UK: M1/2; 10.26g. Provenance: Property of a central London Ancient Art Gallery; previously obtained from a British private collection formed before 2000.
1-300 AD, Roman. Gold ring with D-shaped hoop, and an elliptical bezel with a red gem intaglio bearing a bust of Sol Invictus wearing a radiate crown. Sol Invictus (Latin for: "Unconquered Sun") was a major divinity in Late Roman Religion. Sol Invictus was a patron of soldier and became part of official state religion in AD 274 under the Emperor Aurelian. The cult continued into the 5th century as St Augustine felt it necessary to preach against Sol to his Christian congregation. The connection between Sol and soldiers means that this item may well have belonged to a Roman legionary, who wore it a in hope of protection during military campaigns. Superb condition. Wearable. Size: D: 18.8mm, US: 8.5, UK: R; 4.93g. Provenance: Property of an established London gallery; acquired from a private estate collection formed before 2000.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking age. An iron bearded axe head with a curved blade, round socket and secondary pick-shaped head. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. The pick may have served for cutting or may belie the fact that axes were used by the Vikings both in war or as tools. Further information on Viking axes can be found in Petersen, Jan (1919). De Norske Vikingesverd. Kristiania, but please note that the secondary head is an uncommon variant not known at the time of that publication.. Good condition; on a custom made stand. Size: H:125mm/L:235mm/H:80mm (without stand); 502g. Provenance: From the private collection of an Essex gentleman; previously in an old British Collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK / European art markets.
Ca. 1st Millennium BC. Ancient Egyptian. Steatite scarab with well-modelled head, perforation for suspension and hieroglyphic design on the reverse. Scarabs, from Latin scarabaeus (“beetle”), which in turn comes from Greek karabos (“beetle”; “crayfish”), were artistic depictions of the Egyptian dung beetle. In Egyptian mythology, these insects were linked to the Sun God Ra, who after his death in the Underworld, was reborn as a scarab. Used as amulets, seals and to fulfil commemorative functions, scarabs were an important element of dress. Their undersides frequently feature hieroglyphic or geometric designs to identify their owners or ward off evil spirits. Due to their small, abstract nature, scarabs cannot normally be closely dated generally. See K. M. Kooney (2008). ‘Scarabs,’ in The UCLA Encyclopaedia of Egyptology, available online at https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13v7v5gd Fair condition. Size: H: 10.9mm, W: 14.7mm; 1.22g. Provenance: Private UK collection; formerly with a USA gallery; acquired by Mr. E.E. between 1940 -1950 in Egypt.
c. 1200-1600 AD, Medieval. Gilded curvilinear heraldic pendant with suspension loop. Heraldry, or the use of an inherited coat of arms, was a means by which to display personal identity and familial relations. This tradition began c. 12th century AD in battlefield contexts were elites needed a symbol to display in order to be easily recognizable even when their faces were obscured by armour. By the 13th century AD this practice was adopted by nobles and knights who took immense pride in their family arms and colours. The heraldic pendant was a key part of this personal branding as it allowed all who viewed it a glimpse into the owner’s genealogy. Fair Condition. Wearable. Provenance: Important estate collection from Oxfordshire; formed in the 1970s-2000.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking age. An excellent example of an iron bearded axehead with a heavy curved blade, a round socket and rectangular flanges. A circular suspension hole in the central part of the head may have allowed for easy transportation. The item is mounted on a custom-made stand. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. Further information on axes of this type can be found in H. Arbman, Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Excellent condition. Size: H:135mm/L:110mm/H:90mm; 320g. Provenance: From an old British collection formed in the 1990s; previously acquired in Germany.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This rare example of a cast bronze sword which has a tapering, bevelled blade with raised midrib, gently flaring shoulders and a recessed integral ibex handle with a crescentic lower guard that would have been inset with stone, bone or ivory inlay. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom-made stand. Size: L:445mm; 446g. Provenance: Property of a West London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/International art market in the 1980s.
2nd-early 1st Millennium BC. Greek Bronze Age. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with triangular-shouldered blade with short neck and long tang; 2) spearhead with leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with raised midrib and medium neck and a beautiful green patina; 3) spearhead with short triangular-shaped, barbed blade with a short neck and a medium length tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:57-160mm; 40g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A bronze sword with a pointed, bevelled blade, raised midrib and a short tang with a perforation for affixing the blade to a pommel. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:440mm; 353g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.
800 - 600 BC. Greek. A rare iron hoplite sword with a tapering, bevelled blade, raised midrib, a quillion, and an integral handle with two perforations and aprotruding pin for affixing a grip. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and MainlandGreece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was graduallyreplaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war inGreek Bronze Age societies and served aspowerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earnit, especially the Hoplites. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of AncientGreece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only besustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplitesprimarily fought using the closed phalanx formation to allow best use of theirfrequently small numbers. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, seeDonald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: HopliteWarfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Good condition. Size: L:270mm / W:70mm ; 164g
800-600 BC, Greek Hoplite Period. A beautiful hoplite sword with a tapering, bevelled blade, a slightly raised midrib, a deep, decorative fuller or “blood groove”, and a short tang. This wonderful piece is only made more visually stunning by its fantastic green patina. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it, especially the Hoplites. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only be sustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplites primarily fought using the closed phalanx formation to allow best use of their frequently small numbers. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, see Donald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Superb condition. Size: L:510mm / W:73mm ; 465g. Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s;
c. 1100 AD. Seljuk. This beautiful iron spearhead comprises a leaf-shaped blade with a slightly raised midrib, and a short geometric neck with incised decoration terminating in a spheroid guard which marks the beginning of socket. The socket itself bears decorative incised bands. This Item comes mounted on a stand. The Seljuks were a Turkic dynasty who swept out of Central Asia in the early 10th century and conquered an enormous expanse, covering most or all of present-day Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey and beyond. After inflicting crushing military defeats on a host of rivals, the most famous of which was perhaps that against the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Seljuk sultans became major patrons of art and architecture. This beautiful spear embodies the need for medieval Seljuks to be armed and ready in order to survive and thrive. Superb condition. Size: L:320mm; 279g. Provenance: From an old British collection of Asian Art formed in the 1990 on the UK and European art market.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period, Bronze Age. A rare bronze sword with a pointed, bevelled blade, raised midrib and a tubular handle terminating in a large conical bone pommel. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition, on a custom-made stand. Size: L:495mm / W:75mm ; 629g. Provenance: Property of a central London Ancient Art Gallery; previously obtained from a British private collection formed in the 1980s.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful cast bronze sword has a tapering, bevelled blade with raised midrib, gently flaring shoulders and a recessed integral ibex handle with a gently flared lower guard. The recessed design would have allowed the entire handle to have been inset with stone, bone or ivory inlay. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom stand. Size: L:445mm / W:50mm ; 338g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking Age. An iron bearded axe head with a heavy curved blade, a round socket and rectangular flanges. The item is mounted on a custom-made stand. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. Further information on axes of this type can be found in H. Arbman, Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Excellent condition. Size: H:135mm/L:110mm/H:110mm (without stand); 500g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Cambridgeshire gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK /European art markets.
2nd Millennium BC, Bronze Age. Bronze axe with short, vertical blade to the front and spike at the rear. The circular seocket extends downwards and bears five raised decorative hoops and further curvillinear decoration flanks the top part of the socket. Bronze weaponry production flourished in Europe from the 3000 BC – 1200 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron over the following 500 years. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Excellent condition with a beautiful patina; on custom-made stand. Size: H:105mm/L:190mm/H:90mm (without stand); 1320g. Provenance: Property of a central London Ancient Art Gallery; previously obtained from a British private collection formed in the 1980s.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A large bronze dagger with a pointed, tapering, bevelled blade, four perforations at the base of the blade and a short tang for affixing a handle to the blade. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom stand. Size: L:300mm; 232g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market before 2000.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking age. An iron bearded axe head with an elongated, heavy blade and a round socket. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. Good condition; on a custom made stand Size: H:175mm/L:150mm/H:155 (without stand); 1174g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Somerset gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed in the 1990s on the UK /European art markets.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with large triangular, slightly barbed blade, raised midrib, short neck and tang; 3) spearhead with small triangular, barbed blade, short neck and long tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:54-92mm; 45g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with a long, thin leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a wide raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with a triangular, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and tang 3) spearhead with a broad, leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:80-130mm; 63g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking age. An iron bearded axe head with an elongated, heavy blade and a round socket. One side of the blade features an etched star motif. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. Further information on Viking axes can be found in Petersen, Jan (1919). De Norske Vikingesverd. Kristiania. Good condition; on a custom made stand Size: H:220mm/L:160mm/H:165mm (without stand); 1152g. Provenance: From an old British collection formed in the 1990s; previously acquired in Germany.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A tanged bronze sword comprising a leaf-shaped blade with a raised midrib, and a beautiful green patina. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:320mm / W:50mm ; 237g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market before 2000.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful bronze spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade with a wide raised midrib, a flaring neck and a flat, pointed tang. The stunning design of this spearhead is wonderfully accented by its rich green patina. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:330mm; 397g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking age. An iron bearded axe head with a curved blade, round socket and bell-shaped hammerhead. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. The hammerhead would have allowed for further tactical flexibility and the possibility of dealing powerful percussion blows. Further information on Viking axes can be found in Petersen, Jan (1919). De Norske Vikingesverd. Kristiania, but please note that the hammerhead is a rare variant not known at the time of that publication.. Good condition; on a custom made stand. Size: H:130mm/L:185mm/H:80mm (without stand); 765g. Provenance: From the private collection of an Essex gentleman; previously in an old British Collection, formed in the 1990s.
1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful cast bronze sword has a tapering, bevelled blade with a wide raised midrib adorned with five shallow fullers or “blood groves” and a recessed integral handle with a gently crescentic lower guard. The recessed design would have allowed the entire handle to have been inset with stone, bone or stone inlay. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition, on a custom-made stand. Size: L:330mm; 145g. Provenance: Property of a West London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/International art market in the 1990s.
c. 900-1100 AD. Viking age. An iron bearded axe head with an elongated, heavy blade and a round socket. The bearded axe, or Skeggøx (from Old Norse Skegg, "beard", and øx, "axe") was common from the 6th century AD onwards in Scandinavia, but made most famous by the Vikings, who used these axes in battle to terrible effect. Bearded axes are named for the fact that the main part of the axe blade extends below the butt of the axe, creating a large cutting blade and allowing a fighter to hook onto the shields or weapons of his (or her) opponents. Further information on Viking axes can be found in Petersen, Jan (1919). De Norske Vikingesverd. Kristiania. Good condition; on a custom made stand. Size: H:205mm/L:160mm/H:190mm (without stand); 1130g. Provenance: From the private collection of an Essex gentleman; previously in an old British Collection, formed in the 1980s.
2nd-early 1st Millennium BC. Greek Bronze Age. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a wide raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with a triangular, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and tang; 3) arrowhead with triangular head, raised midrib and tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:40-103mm; 35g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.
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