155742 Preisdatenbank Los(e) gefunden, die Ihrer Suche entsprechen

JOHNSTON HARRY: (1858-1927) British Explorer & Botanist who played an important part in the ‘Scramble for Africa’. A.L.S., H. H. Johnston, three pages, 8vo, Queen Anne’s Mansions, London, 27th June 1896, to Arnold. Johnston invites his correspondent to join him for breakfast on Thursday or Friday, commenting ‘That is my only chance of having a nice unrestrained talk with you’ and further writing ‘When I have got my pictures up I hope you may bring to look at them the Japanese lady to whom you introduced me today, though none of these studies can compare with what a Japanese would have made of African fauna & flora’. A single, small spindle hole does not affect the text or signature. About VG

WESTON RICHARD: (1577-1634/35) 1st Earl of Portland. English Politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1621-28 and Lord Treasurer of England 1628-35, one of the most influential figures in the early years of King Charles I's Personal Rule. L.S., Portland, two pages, folio, n.p. (London?), 18th April 1633, to Sir Robert Pye, Auditor of the Exchequer. The manuscript letter is a warrant for the payment of the sum of 30,984 pounds to Sir William Russell, Treasurer of the Navy, and further providing details of his it is to be disbursed. Countersigned at the conclusion by Francis Cottington (c.1579-1652) 1st Baron Cottington, English Politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1629-42 and Lord High Treasurer 1643-46 and was also an ambassador to Spain, leading the pro-Spanish and pro-Roman Catholic faction in the court of King Charles I. With blank integral leaf. Some fraying to the edges and a few neat splits to the folds (some repaired). GSir Robert Pye (1585-1662) English Courtier, Administrator & Politician who served as Auditor of the Exchequer 1620-42 & 1660-62. Sir William Russell (c.1585-1654) 1st Baronet, of Chippenham. English Politician, Treasurer of the Navy 1618-27, 1630-54.

DUMAS ALEXANDRE: Fils (1824-1895) French Author and Dramatist. An excellent A.L.S., A. Dumas, one page, blue paper, 8vo, n.p., n.d., [1852], to Monsieur Souverain, in French. A very interesting content letter referring to Dumas works, stating in part `Here you have the proof sheets of my father… they will still probably be full of mistakes. If you wish that I make corrections properly, send me the copy together with the proof sheets. There are things that I can´t guess…´, further saying `I will leave at the end of the month, if you wish the Regent to be published, take the decision about sending me the full proof sheets..´ Before concluding, Dumas states `I am with the rehearsals of La Dame..´. With blank integral leaf. Small stain to the edge, otherwise VG Hippolyte Souverain (1803-1880) French Editor who worked for both Dumas father and son. Le Régent Mustel (1852) is a novel by Dumas. La Dame aux Camelias (1848) is a novel by Dumas. Also known as Camille. Verdi put music to the story and composed the opera La Traviata (1853).The female protagonist Marguerite Gautier, renamed as Violetta Valery for the opera, was based on Marie Duplessis, the real-life lover of Dumas.

TALLEYRAND-PÉRIGORD CHARLES MAURICE DE: (1754-1838) French Diplomat and Statesman. Prime Minister of France July-September 1815. L.S., `Ch Mau Talleyrand´, one page, 4to, 7th May 1799, on the printed stationery of the Foreign Affairs Ministry, to citizen Lamare, a French Notary, in French. The document bears at the heading an attractive French Republic monogramme, and Talleyrand in his capacity as Minister of foreign affairs states `You wished, Citizen, to get information about Jean Lamare-Beauregard who, since long ago, is serving our Spanish service department. I send to you enclosed what has been addressed to me by the Republic Ambassador at Madrid.´ With blank integral leaf. Accompanied by an attractive 4to gravure of Talleyrand in very fine condition bearing a good watermark. With small hole to the blank leaf, otherwise G to VG

VICTORIA CROSS WINNERS: Dighton Probyn (1833-1924) English General, Victoria Cross winner for his numerous actions during the Indian Mutiny 1857-58. Keeper of the Privy Purse, Secretary to Edward, Prince of Wales and Comptroller of the Household. A.L.S., D. M. Probyn, two pages, 8vo, Sandringham, Norfolk, 5th August 1911, to [Sir Allan Reeve] Manby. Probyn thanks his correspondent for a newspaper, which had made satisfactory reading, and continues 'I congratulate you & Lady Manby on leaving a son who let us hope is now on the road to be “Secretary of State for the Colonies” - and a daughter eventually to take “Melba's place”. Why not?'. With blank integral leaf (very slight traces of former mounting to the verso); Frederick Roberts (1832-1914) British Field Marshal, Victoria Cross winner for his actions at the Indian Mutiny on 2nd January 1858. Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in South Africa, 1900. T.L.S., Roberts, with holograph salutation and subscription, one page, small 4to, Ascot, Berkshire, 9th January 1911, to [Algernon] Tudor-Craig. Roberts states that he will be obliged 'if you will ask Sir George White [also a Victoria Cross winner] to accompany Lord Charles Beresford on his suggested visit to the Stock Exchange', explaining 'I must appeal for money for the Society of Miniature Rifle Clubs, and also for the National Service League. I should much prefer, therefore, not to make a third appeal to the public myself'. Slight traces of former mounting to the verso. VG, 2Sir Alan Reeve Manby (1848-1925) Surgeon-Apothecary in Ordinary to the Prince of Wales at Sandringham and later Physician Extraordinary.Major Sir Algernon Tudor-Craig (1873-1943) British Army officer, heraldist & author.

LALANDE JOSEPH JEROME: (1732-1807) French Astronomer. A good A.L.S., `De la Lande´, one page, 4to, Paris, 6th [June-July], 1776, to Mr. Charpens, in French. A cleanly written letter by Lalande who asks for his correspondent´s help in order to get his annual payment, stating in part `The annual bonus of 1000 which was granted to me by the Marine for my works related to naval astronomy since 20 years ago is usually paid to me in July, and I know it wouldn´t be so if your Excellence would not sort out a prompt approval…´, further saying `.. I would not ask you such grace if I wasn´t obliged to make a trip and I can´t depart before getting that help. I am a man of letters with poor means..´ With a large repair to the right border, affecting last words of the text lines, but not affecting the signature. Overall age wear. About G

[REYNOLDS JOSHUA]: (1723-1792) English Portrait Painter. A scarce original engraved ticket for the funeral of Reynolds in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, 3rd March 1792, one page, oblong 4to, with an engraving to the centre by Francesco Bartolozzi after Edward Francis Burney, the image depicting a woman in mourning, leaning on a stone casket, with an infant standing at her feet. A panel to the centre of the side of the casket bears the Latin words Succedet Fama, Vivusque Per Ora, Feretur and, at the base appears further text, in full, 'The Executors & Family of Sir Joshua Reynolds return thanks for the tribute of respect paid to departed Genius & Virtue, by your attendance at the funeral of that illustrious painter & most amiable man, in St. Paul's Cathedral, on Saturday, March 3rd 1792'. With the name of William Weddel (sic) in ink to the lower margin and the address Upper Brook Street to the lower left corner. Some light creasing and age wear to the borders and a few tears and areas of paper loss to the upper left corner, G Edward Francis Burney (1760-1848) English Artist who studied at the Royal Academy Schools from 1776, receiving encouragement from Sir Joshua Reynolds. Francesco Bartolozzi (1727-1815) Italian Engraver whose most productive period was spent in London where he lived for almost forty years. Bartolozzi was elected as a founding member of the Royal Academy despite their bylaws specifically excluding engravers. The present ticket would appear to have been granted for William Weddell (1736-1792) British Politician who created a notable collection of antiquities. Weddell had purchased a townhouse at number 6 Upper Brook Street in 1772 which was to be re-designed by Robert Adam.

MOVILA IEREMIA: (1555-1606) Voivode of Moldavia 1595-1600 & 1600-06. Very rare L.S., `Hyeremia Boebo´, two pages, folio, Zuchovica, 26th July 1596, to Reverend Bishop Alphonso, Apostolic Nuncio in Transylvania, in Latin. Movila, in his capacity as Voivode of Moldava is presented to the heading as `Ieremia Movila, Voivode and life inheritor of Moldavia..´, further sending a message to the Nuncio, expecting the support of Pope Clement VIII, stating in part `..by this Prince´s request, sent through Knight Stephan Bocskai, I beg your most Illustrious Sir to unite their kindred and adopt cause and work for our fidelity, by law, and because of the senselessness of the Boyars of Scerztha, and that our right prevail.. and Your Sir will protect your patronage, and guide his decision to bring to fruition, as my requests is indeed fair and equitable..´ Movila further refers to the end of Stefan Razvan´s time, impaled after the Battle of Suceava, only six months earlier `..ad exitum Rezvani ex hat provincial..´, and before concluding says `.. and we will be in debt to your Illustrious Holy Father for this task..´ With address leaf, bearing a royal paper seal affixed. Small overall age wear. G Clement VIII (1536-1605) Pope of Italian Roman Church 1592-1605. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of King Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire.A Boyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Moldavian and Baltic nobility from the 10th to 17th century.Stefan Razvan (?-1595) Voivode of Moldavia between April and August 1595. Razvan was a Romani descent from the state of Wallachia, his father was Muslim from the Ottoman Empire and his mother was Romanian. At that time, all the Romani people living in Wallachia and Moldavia were slaves, excepting the Ottoman citizens. He converted from Islam to Christianity and had the Boyar social status. With the help of Prince Sigismund Bathory they ousted Aaron the Tyrant in April 1595. His leadership did not last long, and the Polish-Lithuanian against the alliance between Wallachia and Moldavia, invaded the last and appointed Ieremia Movila. Ieremia Movila was a boyar who was placed on the throne as Prince of Moldavia by Polish Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, after the acceptance of Imperial tutelage over Moldavia by Stefan Razvan, having received backing from Transylvanian Prince Sigismund Bathory and Emperor Rudolf II. Movila was also accepted by the Porte, and Moldavia became a vassal of both countries, owing tributes to the Holy Roman Empire and to the Ottomans. When Stefan Razvan tried to return to the throne he was faced by Movila and Zamoyski, was captured and impaled.

GRENVILLE BARON: (1759-1834) British Prime Minister 1806-1807. D.S., Grenville, two pages, small folio, Whitehall, 2nd February 1791. The manuscript document provides the detailed accounts of expenditure incurred by John Padmore in his capacity as a messenger to Grenville and cover the period February to May 1790, including coach hire for receiving a prisoner into custody and travelling with them to Dublin, another trip from London to Holyhead with a prisoner and guard, a further 'order for Cloathes for the Prisoner, who was in a Ragged and Wretched condition when taken out of Prison' and payments for attending His Majesty in 'the second fortnight in March' and 'for the Horse that was kill'd under me and for Surgeons that attended me', the total of the bill amounting to £184.16.1. Grenville has signed the document at the conclusion, allowing the bill, and it is also countersigned by John Padmore. Some light staining, age wear and very minor traces of former mounting to one edge, only very lightly affecting the text and Grenville's signature. About VGAt the time the expenses on the present document were incurred Grenville was serving as Home Secretary (1789-91).

STANISLAVSKI KONSTANTIN: (1863-1938) Russian Theatre Director. A.L.S., K Stanislavski, two pages, 4to, Nice, n.d. ('Monday, but I forgot the date', c.1929/30?), to 'Dear, sweet friend Liza!', in Cyrillic. Stanislavski announces that he is very worried about the problems with his correspondent's telephone, expressing his concern that, instead of two hours, it has now been 24 and he still hasn't received a telephone call, continuing 'Today they are going to the post office, and I decided not to wait for the telephone call, and to send a letter that I received from Dr. Roux' and further explaining 'He states that Dr. Mignou is known not only in Nice, but also in the whole of France, and considers him to be the best ear doctor here. Just in case, I asked him (Dr. Roux) to write him a letter……I am going to make another call now, after that, the letter will be dropped in the mailbox. If I manage to get through to you, I am going to do it in the evenings, although I used to avoid disturbing you at this time. Hospitals are better in the sense that bronchitis seems to get better, but whooping cough lasts for a long time.' Rare. VG Stanislavski's correspondent may have been Elizabeth Reynolds Hapgood (1894-1974) the renowned Russian translator and Soviet culture lecturer who worked as an English translator for Stanislavski. Stanislavski was recuperating in Nice at the end of 1929 and at the same time began work on a production plan for William Shakespeare's Othello. Stanislavski's plan for this work represents the earliest exposition of the rehearsal process that became known as his Method of Physical Action.

MONTGOMERY B. L.: (1887-1976) British Field Marshal of World War II. A.L.S. in the scarcer from Monty, two pages, 8vo, Isington Mill, Hampshire, 20th April 1949, to 'My dear Ava' [Anderson, Viscountess Waverley]. Montgomery sends his correspondent a copy of a speech (no longer present) that he is 'going to make in Paris on Saturday night next: St. George's Day' and remarking that 'It is an important occasion and I have taken a lot of trouble to produce a good speech'. The Field Marshal also refers to his son, David, who has returned to Cambridge, also reporting that 'He did a lot of climbing in the vacation: in the Lake District and in Wales'. Two very small staple holes to the upper edge, not affecting the text or signature, VGAva Anderson (1895-1974) Viscountess Waverley, second wife of John Anderson (1882-1958) 1st Viscount Waverley, British Civil Servant & Politician who served in the Cabinet during World War II. Viscountess Waverley was a noted political and society hostess during the war and it has been said that she had 'more indirect influence than any woman of her generation'.At the time of the present letter Montgomery was serving as Chairman of the Western Union Commanders-in-Chief Committee (1948-51) which had been created as a result of the Treaty of Brussels. The founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in April 1949 and the Council of Europe in May 1949, both close to the date of the present letter, left the Western Union devoid of much of its authority.

LOWE HUDSON: (1769-1844) Anglo-Irish Soldier and Colonial Administrator, Governor of St Helena where he was the ‘gaoler’ of Napoleon Bonaparte. Extensive conclusion of an A.L.S., H Lowe, sixteen pages, 8vo, n.p. (St Helena), n.d. (c. October 1820), to Count Alexander de Balmain. The letter, which is missing the opening twelve pages, and is partially written in French, provides details of Lowe’s activities on St Helena and makes interesting references to Napoleon Bonaparte and the Marquis de Montholon, commenting on some books which have been sent by the latter in the hope that they will relieve the boredom of not only Jamestown, the capital of St. Helena, but the whole island, Lowe remarking ‘…you see I am now more civilly treated by the persons at Longwood than by the Marquis, but this is not all, the following is an extract of one of his notes sent open in the usual manner through me speaking of one of the books sent him, a “Roman” entitled “Boris”’, the extract, in French, describing St. Helena as an inferno and advising the recipient that they should console themselves that, even if their eyes do not fall on too many people, at least they are living amongst individuals with the style and manners of the French and not experiencing the rage of impotent people. Lowe further expresses his surprise at learning of Bartholomaus von Sturmer’s nomination to Rio de Janeiro, having believed that Baroness von Sturmer ‘was in a very bad state of health, that she had been at the waters at Carlsbad…[and]….had represented her situation to Prince Metternich & obtained his promise not to send her husband to America, it being impossible for her to accompany him’, continuing ‘We have lately had a visit here from a person who must be well known to Count Capo d’Istria [Ioannis Kapodistrias, the Greek statesman and Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire 1816-22] if I may judge from a very handsome present which he showed to Lady Lowe as having been received by him from Count Capo d’Istria – Captain Spencer of the Royal Navy, son of Earl Spencer. He had a good deal of conversation with Montholon…..but could not see Bonaparte who was stated to be taken ill soon after his arrival here. He has been out however since, and has appeared to those who had any opportunity of seeing his face, a little paler than usual, but not altered in any other respect. Montholon has said he is recovering – but slowly. Captain Spencer had to endure a long declamatory tirade from Bertrand but it produced I believe very little effect. The Countess according to a very common practice with her on such occasions had previously sought to extract what were Captain Spencer’s political connexions and finding they were not generally on the side of the present administration both the Count & her thought they might open with….confidence towards him. The persons at Longwood however, as I apprehend have been rendered sensible by their conversations with Capt. Spencer, of the wide difference that prevails between the sentiments of those persons who are connected with any of the distinguished families which form a part of what is called the opposition and that race of individuals who from motives of private interest or from revenge at the disappointment of some….plot….for inflaming the public mind in the Morning Chronicle and in the pages of the Edinburg Review, for it is from persons of such stamp the inhabitants of Longwood have most generally drawn all the lights they possess in respect to English affairs, lights which have proved only an “Ignis fatui” to them – to lead them into the quagmires of still deeper disappointment & mortification’. Lowe concludes his letter by stating that he has contacted Lord Bathurst and Mr. Hamilton, the under secretary of state at the Foreign Office on behalf of Balmain and sends his affectionate regards to Countess Balmain, remarking ‘She should not have made Lady Lowe a grand mama quite so soon. The little uncle & aunt your child will have here are all doing well’. Although incomplete, the letter features fine content. VG Count Alexander de Balmain, a Russian commissioner was present on St. Helena from 1816 to 1820 during which time he married Charlotte Johnson, the elder stepdaughter of Hudson Lowe.

[TALLEYRAND-PÉRIGORD CHARLES MAURICE DE]: (1754-1838) French Diplomat and Statesman. Prime Minister of France July-September 1815. A Rare original 16 x 20 printed public notice, one page, Paris, 2nd April 1814, in French. The affiche bears the printed heading "To French Armies", and states in part "Soldiers, France has just broken the yoke under which was moaning for so many years. You have always and only fought for your Homeland, but now you can only fight against it under the flags of the man who guides you. See how much you have suffered because of his tyranny. You were once one million of soldiers, almost all have perished. They were sent to battle, without support, without hospitals, they were condemned to die in misery and hunger. Soldiers, it is time to put an end to the evils of the Homeland. Peace is in your hands." The poster affiche includes a lengthy harangue, intending to convince the French troops to give up the fight, and states before concluding "You are not any more the soldiers of Napoleon, the Senate and the whole of France release you all from your oaths." At the base the call bears the printed names of the "Members of the provisional government - Le Prince de Bénévent - Le General Beurnonville - F. Jaucourt - L´Abbé de Montesquiou - Le Duc de Dalberg" Folded, very small minor creasing, G to VGOn 1st of April 1814, the day before the present affiche was issued, the French Senate appoints a provisional government headed by Talleyrand. On 2nd April, as the affiche states, the Senate declares Napoleon Bonaparte and his family deprived of the throne, and the French people and army freed from their oath of fidelity. Two days later, on 4th of April, Napoleon signs at Fontainebleau a form of conditional abdication, which preserves the rights of his son and the Empress Regent. On 6th of April Napoleon renounces for himself and his family to the thrones of France and Italy.

[GEORGE III]: (1738-1820) King of the United Kingdom 1760-1820. Contemporary Manuscript copy of a D.S., being a letter of credence sent by King George III, three pages, folio, originally signed at the Court at Saint James's, 12th March 1806, addressed to Prince Muly Solyman, Emperor of Morocco, and stating, in part, 'The infirm state of Health of Our Trusty and Wellbeloved James Mario Matra Esquire who has long resided in Your Imperial Majesty's Dominions as Our Consul General has induced us to relieve him in his Employment and to make provision for his retirement from Our Service We have nominated Our Trusty and Wellbeloved James Green Esquire to succeed Mr. Matra……He will, upon his arrival, deliver to Your Imperial Majesty this Our Letter containing assurances of Our Friendship…..and we desire that you will give full credit to what he shall declare to you concerning Our Affairs…..We avail Ourselves of this occasion to present you with some Cloth and some curious Articles made on purpose for your Imperial Majesty'. With a secretarial signature of King George III at the head and conclusion and also with a secretarial countersignature of William Windham (1750-1810) British Statesman, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies 1806-07. Some very light age toning and wear, otherwise VG Mulay Suleiman (1766-1822) Sultan of Morocco 1792-1822. James Matra (1746-1806) American Sailor and Diplomat who had accompanied James Cook on his voyage to Botany Bay in 1770. Matra served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1786-1806 James Green (1772-1840) British Diplomat who served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1806-17.

GOSCINNY RENÉ: (1926-1977) French comic book Artist. Best known for his comic book series Asterix. An excellent signed and inscribed comic book, paper cover, 8 x 12, fourty eight pages, of the Lucky Luke comic series Hors-La-Loi (1954) (“Outlaws”), edited by Dupuis, in French. Signed to the title page `Au Professeur agrégé Loygau, en respectueux homage de la part de Lucky Luke et de René Goscinny´. Signed by Goscinny in 1964. Small overall age wear with corner creases to the front cover. G to VG Lucky Luke is a Western comic series created by Belgian cartoonist Morris in 1946. Morris wrote and drew the series single-handedly until 1955, after which he started collaborating with French writer René Goscinny. Their partnership lasted until Goscinny's death in 1977. The series takes place in the American Old West of the United States. It stars the titular Lucky Luke, a gunslinger known as the "man who shoots faster than his shadow. Lucky Luke is pitted against various villains, either fictional or inspired by American history or folklore. The most famous of these are Dalton Brothers, loosely based on the Dalton Gang of the early 1890s.

HORTHY MIKLOS: (1868-1957) Regent of Hungary 1920-1944. A good vintage signed and inscribed sepia postcard photograph, the image depicting Horthy seated in a three quarter length pose wearing his uniform and medals. With the blind embossed credit stamp of a Budapest photography studio to the lower right corner of the image. Signed by Horthy in bold, dark fountain pen ink and inscribed to General Sherill. VGThe present photograph may have been presented to General Charles H. Sherrill (1867-1936) American Politician and Diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Turkey 1933-36. In 1935 Sherrill, as a member of the International Olympic Committee, met twice with Adolf Hitler during preparations for the 1936 Olympic Games and upon the two men disagreeing over the participation of Jews Sherrill threatened Hitler with an American boycott.

LASALLE ANTOINE-CHARLES: (1775-1809) French cavalry General. Also known as "The Hussar General". Lasalle gained fame as a daring adventurer and is credited with many exploits during the Egypt and Spanish campaigns. Killed at the Battle of Wagram. An excellent multiple signed D.S., `Lasalle M.al de Logis´, one page, oblong folio, Zwolle, 9th April 1795, in French. The carefully hand-written document bears the heading "North Army - Regiment of Chasseurs riders - Liberté - Egalité" and a very attractive red wax seal of the republican regiment to the left border, in fine condition. The document is given to Thomas René Souton, officer of the cavalry regiment, granting him this permanent leave due to his disabilities. Signed by the members of the administration board of the Regiment, and also signed to the left border by General Dominique-Joseph René Vandamme, (1770-1830) Count of Unseburg. A reputed French military officer and corps commander who publicly criticized Napoleon. Signed D. Vandamme, with a two lines holograph. With a large watermark. Folded. Very small overall minor age wear, otherwise VG Lasalle married former wife of General Victor Berthier, and sister-in-law to Marshal Louis Alexandre Berthier. When Napoleon and Lasalle met at the Tuileries Palace, the Emperor asked, `When is the wedding?´ Lasalle replied, `Sire, when I have enough money to buy the wedding presents and furniture´. Napoleon said, `But I gave you 200,000 francs last week, what did you do with them?´. Lasalle replied, `I used half to pay my debts and have lost the rest gambling´. Such a confession would have broken the career of any other soldier but, coming from Lasalle, it made the Emperor smile and ordered to give Lasalle another 200,000 francs. When a prefect asked why Napoleon didn't discipline Lasalle for his conduct, Napoleon responded that `It only takes a stroke of a pen to create a prefect, but it takes twenty years to make a Lasalle´.

CHADWICK JAMES: (1891-1974) English Physicist, Nobel Prize winner for Physics, 1935, in recognition of his discovery of the neutron. Chadwick was head of the British team who worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. A good and lengthy A.L.S., James Chadwick, four pages, 4to, Cambridge, 13th November 1969, on is printed stationery, to Leslie R. Groves Jr. Chadwick informs Groves on Mrs Gowing visit, stating in part `We had a visit from Mrs Gowing a few days ago. She came to collect a draft of her account of the first few years after the war - an enormous volume of material…It depressed me to read about it. Mrs Gowing hopes to have a draft of her second volume completed by Easter. This will then have to be submitted to some high authorities who may, and probably will, demand that some references to political discussions should be cut out…Provided that she has sufficient time and energy to digest all the material she has collected, I believe that the second volume will be quite interesting.´ Chadwick further refers to a Canadian nuclear work, saying `I read about half of "Canada´s Nuclear Story" and then gave up. I found two quotations from notes by John Cockcroft, one is quite untrue, the second gives a false implication. And now recently, in reading Mrs. Gowing´s draft…I found references to at least two complaints of the Canadian team about which I never heard. If these complaints were valid they should have been made to me and to you.´ And referring to the Canadian nuclear team, Chadwick concludes `They do not seem to have realized how fortunate they were.´ Folded, with very small, minor creasing, otherwise VG Leslie Groves (1896-1970) United States Army Corps of Engineers Lieutenant General. Groves oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb during WWII.Margaret Gowing (1921-1998) English Historian who helped to produce several volumes of the officially sponsored history of WWII. Known for her books commissioned by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, about the early history of Britain´s atomic weapons program. When she asked Chadwick what he intended to do with the wooden filing cabinets in his attic, and he replied "Burn them", she helped to establish the Centre for Scientific archives in 1972 to house such resources.Wilfrid Eggleston published in 1965 "Canada´s Nuclear Story".John Cockcroft (1897-1967) British Physicist. Director of the first Canadian nuclear laboratory in 1944. Cockcroft won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for splitting the atomic nucleus in 1932 at Cambridge.

CHRISTIE JAMES: (1773-1831) James Christie The Younger. Elder son and successor of James Christie (1730-1803) who founded in 1766 the Auction House Christie´s at Pall Mall. James Christie The Younger was a specialist on Greek vases and was active in the Literary Fund Society. A.L.S., Mr. Christie, in the third person to the heading, one page, 8vo, Pall Mall, 20th November 1799, to Monsieur Occhieda, in French. Christie deeply thanks his correspondent for the letters he could read, stating in part `Mr. Christie sends his best wishes to Mr. Occhieda and return, grateful, the letters of Mr. Bailly. He has read them with great pleasure, and feels obliged…´, further saying `..allowing him to learn with the lecture of his first work..´ With address leaf bearing the correspondent´s name only, in Christie´s hand. Small overall minor age wear. G

LOUIS XVI: (1754-1793) King of France and Navarre 1774-1791, King of the French 1791-92. The only King of France to have been executed. An 8vo hardback edition of the Defense de Louis, Prononcee a la Barre de la Convention Nationale, Le Mercredi 26 Decembre 1792…..Par le Citoyen Deseze…. ('The Defence of Louis XVI as Delivered at the Bar of the National Convention, Wednesday, 26th December 1792…..by Citizen Deseze….'), L'Imprimerie Nationale, by order of the Convention, Paris, 1792. With several pages of engravings and autograph letters etc. tipped into the binding following the front free endpapers including King Louis XVI fragment of an autograph note, unsigned, one page, 12mo, n.p., n.d., in French, being an order for a number of gold locks to be made for several chests, in part, '2 in the private cabinet, 1 between the black cabinet and the corridor to the dining room, 1 between the black cabinet and the jewellery cabinet, 1 between the jewellery cabinet and the private cabinet, 1 between the jewellery cabinet and the library…..there are only three copies, there still must be some in Paris'; Raymond Deseze (1750-1828) French Advocate who defended King Louis XVI when brought before the Convention for trial. A.L.S., Deseze, three pages, 8vo, Brevannes, n.d. ('Le lundi matin'), thanking his correspondent for the information supplied to him and remarking that he 'was right in thinking that I did not read a consultation….I don't even remember very well the evidence I could have had under my eyes and the way I made use of it', further referring to a lawyer in Brussels and a report which should be sent by courier; Francois Denis Tronchet (1726-1806) French Jurist who, alongside Deseze and Malesherbes, defended King Louis XVI when brought before the Convention for trial. A.L., unsigned, in the third person (his name Le Senateur TRONCHET printed at the beginning of the text), one page, small 8vo, Paris, 19 Vendimiaire year 12 of the Republic, to Monsieur Du Poirier, seeking a meeting with his correspondent regarding an urgent matter and suggesting 6pm and, if possible, dinner with his friend. With integral address leaf in Tronchet's hand (small area of paper loss to one corner caused by the original breaking of the seal); Guillaume-Chretien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (1721-1794) French Statesman and Minister who, alongside Deseze and Tronchet, defended King Louis XVI when brought before the Convention for trial. A.L., unsigned, one page, 8vo, (place indecipherable), 29th October 1775, to a gentleman, in French, forwarding a response he has received and referring to various individuals and a court case. Attractively bound in half-morocco, with raised bands to spine and small gilt stamped title, mottled boards and marbled pastedowns and endpapers. A rare, unusual grouping and presentation related to one of the most important events in French history. Some light age wear, minor foxing in places and a few light stains to some pages, G

CASTRO FIDEL: (1926-2016) Cuban Prime Minister 1959-76, later President 1976- 2008. An extremely rare L.S., `Fidel Castro´, two pages, 4to, beige lined paper, Isle of Pines, Cuba, 6th December 1953, in Spanish. The multiple letter signed by the Moncada prisoners, probably smuggled out of the Isle of Pines, was written from prison and very shortly after Castro wrote his well-remembered manifesto "History Will Absolve Me". The letter, written by prisoner Agustin Cartaya, is addressed to a lady and is a letter of appreciation to all supporters of their cause, stating in part `Together with these sincere lines, attached are the affection and respect from all my partners. We read your poem and it inspired all of us.. In these difficult times.. I will remember your beautiful thoughts and incomparable ideals..´ further saying `You know that our tasks are firm to serve the ideals, our formula of action demands continuity of our efforts, that is why from here we will fight continuously…´ Signed by the 27 imprisoned comrades, including Fidel Castro, Raul Castro, Juan Almeida, Andres Garcia, Mario Chaves, Francisco Gonzalez, Gabriel Gil, Eduardo Rodriguez, Armando Mestre Martinez, Ramiro Valdes, etc.. Overall age wear and foxing stains, few traces of former staples and three small areas of paper loss, only affecting a few words of the letter, but not affecting the signatures. F Castro formed a group called "The Movement" in 1952 which operated along a clandestine cell system, while arming and training anti-Batista recruits. Castro stockpiled weapons for a planned attack on the Moncada Barracks, a military garrison outside Santiago de Cuba. The attack took place on 26th July 1953, but ran into trouble and most of the rebels pinned down by machine gun fire. Castro set out for the rugged Sierra Maestra mountains, where they established a guerrilla base. Responding to the attack, Batista's government proclaimed martial law, ordered violent crackdown on dissent and tortures. Rebels were rounded up, some were executed, and others including Castro transported to a prison. The government put 122 defendants on trial on 21st September 1953. Acting as his own defense counsel, Castro cited Jose Martí as the intellectual author of the attack and convinced the three judges to overrule the army's decision to keep all defendants handcuffed in court, proceeding to argue that the charge with which they were was incorrect, as they had risen up against Batista, who had seized power in an unconstitutional manner. The trial ended on 5th October, with the acquittal of most defendants. Castro was sentenced on 16th October 1953, during which he delivered a speech that would be printed under the title of "History Will Absolve Me"

[RASPUTIN GRIGORI]: (1869-1916) Russian Mystic who befriended the family of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. A rare vintage unsigned cabinet photograph by A. Brockesch of Regensburg, the albumen print (from a photograph by Karl Bulla) depicting Rasputin seated in a three quarter length pose flanked by Colonel Dmitry Loman (left) and Prince Mikhail Putyatin (right) who both stand in full length poses wearing their uniforms and medals, c.1905-06. Photographer's imprint to the lower mount and verso. A few very minor, extremely light stains to the image and lower mount, otherwise VGKarl Bulla (1855-1929) German-Russian Photographer.Rasputin had travelled to St. Petersburg in around 1904-05 where he captivated some social leaders and formed friendships with several members of the aristocracy.At the end of October 1905 Tsar Nicholas II summoned Prince Mikhail Putyatin (seen in the present image), Captain of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards and later head of the Tsarskoe Selo Palace Administration, to meet Rasputin and bring him to the palace at Peterhof. The mystic arrived early in the evening of 1st November and was presented to the Emperor and Empress for the first time.

NORIEGA MANUEL: (1934-2017) Panamanian military Officer and Politician, a dictator who was the de Facto ruler of Panama 1983-89. Removed from power by the US invasion of Panama. Signed 8 x 10 paper photograph, the image showing Noriega in a head and shoulders pose, wearing his military uniform. Signed in bold black ink to the lower white border. G

DUMAS ALEXANDRE: Fils (1824-1895) French Author and Dramatist. Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, folio, n.p., n.d. (watermark of 1857), in French. The substantial fragment of manuscript, with extensive corrections, is an unused portion of the comedy L'Ami des Femmes and represents dialogue between J[ane de Simerose] and de M[ontegre], the final version of which sees Jane passionately asking Montegre whether, if her husband has broken his word, that is a reason to break hers, in part, 'So long as I am to keep his name, I must respect it. Would she still be a wife who at my age had said to two men that she loved them, who belonging legally to one, should calmly give herself to the other, and whom each of the two would have this right to despise, for you would despise me in spite of yourself if I were to believe you, and already, to expect that I can believe you is to despise me - I am married, as you are - and you talk to me of love. Who do you take me for? To put me in a web of lies, terrors, insults, adulteries, to make me blush before another, before you, before myself, to lower myself in the esteem of others and my own - Never. Die if you have not the courage of duty - I do have - and I am alive'. Rare in this form. Some light overall creasing and minor age wear, GThe passage contained in the present manuscript fragment may have been a trial for part of Act IV. In the published play, Act I introduces de Royes, the 'friend' of the title, who claims to be an expert on women, and de Montegre, who has briefly met Jane two or three times before. She loved but is separated from her husband, who was unfaithful after a month of marriage, On meeting de Montegre again she wistfully thinks he might be someone she could trust and writes a note asking him to meet her 'tomorrow - I love you'. However, her husband turns up towards the end of Act III with adoption papers for a young orphan whom he hopes Jane will bring up with his support, and Jane is given pause. In Act IV she is followed by de Montegre to Paris, where she manages to evade him. On returning home she upbraids him for trailing her in secret rather than declaring himself openly, and refuses to trust him. At the end of Act V de Montegre arranges for Jane's note of assignation to be put in the hands of the husband, as if from Jane herself, de Royes 'expert' knowledge is confounded, and Jane and her husband are reconciled. The present manuscript fragment suggests an alternative which Dumas could not use, possibly because it seemed too final at this stage of the play.

GEORGE III: (1738-1820) King of the United Kingdom 1760-1820. D.S., George R, as King, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Court at Saint James's, 20th February 1797. The partially printed document is a military commission appointing George Paterson to be a Major in the Fifeshire Regiment of Fencible Cavalry commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Anstruther Thomson. Countersigned at the foot by William Cavendish-Bentinck (1738-1809) 3rd Duke of Portland, British Politician who served as Home Secretary 1794-1801 and as Prime Minister 1783 & 1807-09. With blind embossed paper seal attached. Some light overall mottling, otherwise about VG

[ALEXANDER III & FAMILY]: A good 4.5 x 6.5 cabinet card photograph, unsigned, the image depicts the Romanov Family in a group full length pose, comprising Emperor Alexander III in military uniform and his spouse Empress Maria Feodorovna, both seated, alongside their five children comprising Nicholas wearing a navy uniform, while George and Michael wear sailor suits. Alexander III of Russia (1845-1894) Emperor of Russia 1881-94; Maria Feodorovna (1847-1928) known as Princess Dagmar of Denmark. Danish Princess and Empress of Russia (1881-1894); Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918) Last Emperor of Russia 1894-1917. Assassinated by the Bolsheviks together with his wife the Empress and his five children, the four Grand Duchesses and his son the Tsarevich. His assassination put an end to Russian Empire after four centuries; Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia (1871-1899) A much beloved member of the Imperial family. When in November 1894, the Emperor Alexander III died, Nicholas became Emperor, but at that time he had no children, thus according to the laws of succession of the Russian Empire, the Grand Duke George became Tsarevich. George died at the very early age of 28, after nine years ill with tuberculosis; Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (1875-1960) Elder daughter of Emperor Alexander III. Mother-in-law of Felix Yusupov and cousin of Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich who, together, killed Grigori Rasputin. Her grandson Prince Andrew is a head of the Romanov family since 2016; Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (1878-1918) Youngest son of Emperor Alexander III. After the assassination of his grandfather Alexander II in 1881, he became third-in-line to the throne and, in 1894, after the death of his father, second-in-line. When his brother George died in 1899, Michael became heir presumptive until 1904 when the son of Nicholas II was born. Nicholas abdicated on March 1917 in favour of his son, but few hours after reconsidered his decision and Michael was named as his successor instead of Nicholas´son Alexei. On 16th March 1917 Michael was proclaimed as "Emperor Michael II" to Russian troops and in cities throughout Russia. Michael was Emperor for few hours. He would however deferred acceptance of the throne, and was never confirmed as Emperor. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, he was imprisoned and murdered; and Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (1882-1960) Youngest child of Emperor Alexander III. Olga escaped revolutionary Russia with her second husband and their two sons in February 1920. Very small age toning and staining, with two very small scratching to the upper left corner, otherwise G

BABBAGE CHARLES: (1791-1871) English Mathematician & Inventor who originated the concept of a programmable computer. A good A.L.S., C Babbage, two pages, small 4to, n.p., 15th April 1827, to 'My dear Sir'. Babbage informs his correspondent that he feels the Royal Institution 'would be the best place for making public the views you mention respecting the illustration of mechanical subject' and adds 'I think there could be no objection to your lecturing in the same place where Davy, Dalton, Dr. Roget and Dr. Young have frequently done', further explaining that he has written to the manager of the Royal Institution 'in such a manner that they might if they chose propose some remuneration for the expense you might be at in bringing the necessary apparatus from Ireland' and also stating 'They however do not seem to have viewed it in that light, but they express a perfect willingness to allow you to give a few lectures on the subject and will make arrangements as to the time on your arrival in London'. Babbage further informs his correspondent that he is aware that the Royal Institution have a 'full supply of lectures for the season' although comments 'You however are not committed and if you disapprove of the plan can easily drop it. I think that no situation in London is so desirable with reference to your views'. Autograph letters by Babbage of this size are rare; the scientist generally preferring to use much smaller stationery for his correspondence. A few light spots of foxing and some slight traces of former mounting to the left edge, not affecting the text or signature. About VG

RAVEL MAURICE: (1875-1937) French Composer. A fine, rare vintage signed and inscribed 6.75 x 9 photograph by Ravel, the image (4 x 5.5) depicting him in a head and shoulders pose. Photograph by J. Heby (?) and bearing their studio stamp to the lower right corner of the photographer's mount. Signed in bold black fountain pen ink by Ravel to the upper photographer's mount, 'A mon cher editeur et ami E. Demets, bien cordialement, Maurice Ravel'. An excellent signed portrait with good association. Neatly mounted and with some very light, minor silvering to the edges of the image and some light age toning to the edges of the photographer's mount. About VG Eugene Demets (1858-1923) French Music Publisher, regarded as one of the most prestigious publishers of his day, who worked with Maurice Ravel, Erik Satie, Joaquin Turina as well as Les Six and others.

BORDET JULES: (1870-1961) Belgian Immunologist. The bacterial genus Bordetella is named after him. Awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his discoveries related to immunity in 1919. A good autograph statement signed `J. Bordet´, one page, oblong 4to, 1st May 1952, in French. Bordet writes an eight lines statement, responding to a collector´s question asking him about his maxim of life, stating in part `The maxim of life of those who have dedicated their life to science is the enthousiasm for the research and the desire of understanding, which have generated the discovery and created the civilization. However it is natural that the mankind honour is the guaranty of its own unlimited development in an indefinitely perceptible civilization.´ G to VG

PEDRO V: (1837-1861) King of Portugal 1853-61. A rare A.L.S., Pedro, four pages, 4to, Lisbon, 5th January 1856, to General [William] Wylde. The King states that he has charged General Barrios to deliver his letter whilst 'studying military establishments and institutions particularly the ordnance in England, Belgium, Prussia, Austria, Piedmont and France' and further asking if Wylde may be of assistance to Barrios in his work, 'You will oblige me very much in obtaining for him an introduction to Lord Hardinge and in showing to him the military establishments at Woolwich. I hope you will too introduce him to Colonel Samuel Colt or in his absence to his brother the Judge whose revolver manufacture I wish the General to visit, as one of the most perfect establishments of that sort I have ever seen. The Senate arms factory at Enfield I would also wish General Barrios to visit and to be able to study'. In concluding the King also reflects on the happy days he previously spent in England. Autograph letters of King Pedro V are rare as a result of his tragically early death at the age of 24. Some very light creasing and minor age wear and with a contemporary ink annotation at the head of the first page, about VGWilliam Wylde (1788-1877) British General, Master Gunner, St. James's Park 1868-77. Wylde also served as a Groom of the Bedchamber to Prince Albert.Samuel Colt (1814-1862) American Inventor & Industrialist who made the mass production of revolvers commercially viable. Colt had established a factory in London in 1853 although closed it during the course of 1856, the same year as the present letter.

[MECCA]: MATRA JAMES: (1746-1806) American Sailor and Diplomat who had accompanied James Cook on his voyage to Botany Bay in 1770. Matra served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1786-1806. Manuscript draft (retained copy) of an A.L., unsigned, nine pages, folio, Tangiers, 28th March 1789, to Lord Sydney. Matra's diplomatic letter is written in response to a request of intelligence from his correspondent and states, in part, 'The Caravan to Mecca is composed of Merchants of Pilgrims, subjects of the Emperor of Morocco who go to Mecca - and of Merchants belonging to the States of Algiers, Tunis & Tripoly who carry on a regular trade with the Emperor of Morocco and follow its Caravans for safety. The articles which the Moorish Caravans take from Morocco are - Money, Al-haiques (the common Moorish Garment), Slippers & old red Bonnets which they very advantageously exchange with the Arabs on the road for Provisions for themselves & their beasts…….They who wish to stop at Algiers or Tunis turn off with the Merchants to those Places, and join their party again at the Salt Pits which are distant about half a days journey from Tripoli where the general Caravan is considerably increased by the Pilgrims from the three Eastern States of Barbary…….At this place (Tripoli) they provide themselves with all the necessaries for their Journey to Alexandria, which they perform in about fifty days…..The united Caravan carry on a petty commerce from place to place…..At Egypt they invest their money in Persian & Levant silks, Silks manufactured in Cairo, Raw Silk, muslins, fine Cottons, Amber, Essence of Roses, Musk & Storax…..Mules are also bought, they are purchased with 20 or 25 Dol[lar]s by the vendors who sell them for Sixty or Seventy. The Emperor checks the Caravan Trade to and from Mecca, by every possible discouragement…….Frequently too, when they are assembled at one of his Ports and ready to embark he picks a Quarrel with the richest of them and extorts money from them for a permission to proceed. These poor people thus wounded in their vitals when they return by land frequently disperse near the Frontiers and reach their own country by private Roads, by doing of which they risk both Life & Property: in the year 1786 140 of them were murdered by the mountain Arabs……The value of the Trade however which I am now representing is estimated at the annual amount of two Millions of Spanish Mexicos……The Caravan Trade from Morocco to Guinea proceeds no farther south than to Tambuctoo, the Capital of Negroeland……The Caravans consist of from one to three hundred persons…..they are convoyed and protected by the Arabs…..till they arrive at Tambuctoo: the Arabs are rewarded for the Protection which they give in proportion to the number of each Caravan & the value of its merchandize…..two Deserts must be passed, one in four days, the other in nine, and on this account a sufficient number of camels to carry water must be provided. The principal articles of commerce of these Caravans are tobacco & salt……The European Merchandize conveyed by these Caravans consists of……Fine Scarlet & Crimson cloths…..Fine Irish Linnen, but not in a great quantity…..Cloves, Nutmegs, Coral Beads, Large Amber Beads, Venetian Beads of various sorts…..Olando paper…..Brass wire, Needles & Dutch or Nuremberg gilt Paper looking Glasses. The Returns from Tambuctoo are Gold Dust, Slaves & Gum - the Gum is the same sort as that from Senegal……The number of Slaves annually imported in this Empire from Tambuctoo is estimated at 3, or 4,000…..Eunuchs are brought by these Caravans…..The King…..I am informed will give from Twelve to Twenty Eunuchs for one Horse. No Eunuchs are made in this Country, a few are brought occasionally from Turkey, or Egypt, as presents for the Emperor……It has not yet been in my power to procure any probable information of the annual amount of this commerce…..The Moors keep no Books, a dark and misterious veil is drawn over all pecuniary Property in this Country……I am afraid it will be impracticable for me to Procure Your Lordship an account of the least accuracy of the Population of the interior parts of this Country…..you may travel by a road each side of which is crowded with Arab Villages: if you pass the same way a month after not a vestage of them may remain. The Towns of the Empire are in a state not less precarious; their inhabitants are in a moment removed from their fixed Habitations by the jealousy or caprice of their master…….The Arabs…..acknowledge him [The Emperor] as the Descendant of Mahomet, as Chief of their Religion; but they will not surrender to him their Liberty…..' A letter of fascinating content relating to Morocco and its trade between Tangier and Mecca. Some light overall age wear and a lengthy horizontal split to the central fold of the final page, only just affecting a few words of text, G Thomas Townshend (1733-1800) 1st Viscount Sydney. British Politician who served as Home Secretary from 1783-89.

ISABELLA I OF CASTILE: (1451-1504) Queen of Castile 1474-1504. Catholic Monarch who ruled jointly with her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon as The Catholic Monarchs 1475-1504. They are recognized for laying the foundations for the political unification of Spain, and also for completing the Reconquista as well as their support and financing of Christopher Columbus´ voyage of 1492 which led to the opening of the New World. An exceptional manuscript letter, dated in 1483, signed by the Queen `Yo la Reyna´ ("I the Queen"), one page, oblong 4to, Miranda de Ebro, 2nd September 1483, to Sancho de Vergara, in old Castilian. The document bears at the heading the written text `The Queen´, stating below `Sancho de Vergara, I have discussed with Johan de Luxan, Knight of my Household, certain matters that he will share with you on my behalf. I do beg and trust you to fully believe him. Given at the town of Miranda de Ebro, 2nd of September 1483´. Countersigned at the base by Fernando Alvarez `As ordered by the Queen´. With a registration annotation to the verso, referring to the order given by the Queen and the matter related, being a lawsuit regarding property in the town of Corella, in Navarra. Only four months prior to our letter´s date, Castilian forces captured the last ruler of the Muslim Emirate of Granada, Muhammad XII, known as Boabdil, at the battle of Lucena. Overall age wear, with very slightly irregular edges, and very small toning, otherwise G

FIKRET TEVFIK: (1867-1915) Ottoman Educator & Poet who wrote under the pseudonym of Mehmed Tevfik. Considered the founder of the modern school of Turkish poetry. Purple fountain pen ink signature ('Mehmet Tevfik') on a small oblong 8vo piece. Tevfik has also added what maybe a monogram beneath his signature. Some light overall staining and neatly laid down to the centre of an 8vo page removed from an album. About G

GOBINEAU JOSEPH ARTHUR DE: (1816-1882) French aristocrat, Novelist and Diplomat, best known for helping to legitimise racism and for developing the theory of the Aryan master race. Gobineau authored An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races. Modern racial antisemitism goes back to Gobineau. A good A.L.S., `C.te de Gobineau´, four pages, 8vo, Athenes, 9th January 1865,  to a friend, in French. Gobineau was appointed French Minister to Greece from 1864. Gobineau states in part `Monsieur Plon, printer of His Majesty, has expressed to me his wish to obtain for his son Eugene Plon, the Cross of the Saviour, and explained to me that you are involved in this affair..´, further referring to his demarches, mentionning a few aristocrats names, other personalities who did obtain the cross, and saying `Confident because of the compliments I forwarded to him on behalf of Drouyn de Lhuys, the King has charged me to recall the Minister that Mr…. Mr. le Baron de Gulden and M. Funch, vessel Lieutenant, none of them received the Legion d´Honneur cross at Paris… we didn´t have anything to give to M. de Spormeck who expected the Grand Cordon. We will not give any award then. But the King would really like, now that M. de Spormeck matter is sorted, that we grant his aide-de-camp the Knight´s Cross. He also mentioned that Major of Artillery Metanas, and his aide-de-camp, who was very close to Prince Murat during his stay at Athenes, and that the Prince himself suggested and promised the cross, but he has not received it. Thirs request straigth from His Majesty. I have therefore written to the Minister on behalf of the King…The Minister has probably forgotten. I have written a second time, and got no answer again…´ Gobineau requests his correspondent´s help to forward the message to the Minister, and cconcluded `Until I get those three crosses, the King, very susceptible, will refuse all the other ones.´. VG

MARIE CASIMIRE QUEEN OF POLAND: (1641-1716) Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d´Arquien, also known as Marysienka. Queen consort of Poland 1676-96, as spouse of King John III Sobieski, and Grand Duchess of Lithuania. Extremely rare A.L.S., `La plus obéissante de ses filles et sa tres humble servante. Marie Casimire´, three pages, 4to, n.p. [France], n.d. [November 1714 - early 1715], to the Pope, in French. A lengthy letter in the Queen´s hand, in an often "written as it sounds" French. Marie Casimire thanks his Holiness for the help given and blessings to her son who has passed away, stating in part `..the expressions of goodness shown by your Holiness, honouring my dear child all along his illness, and the distinction awarded after his death, cruel word for me to pronounce..´ With provenance from Morrison collection. Small professional repair to the fold, otherwise VG Clement XI (1649-1721) Born Giovanni Albani, Pope of the Catholic Church and Ruler of the Papal States 1700-21. Correspondent of Marie Casimire in the present letter.The Queen refers to her son Alexander Stanislaw Sobieski (1677-1714) Polish Prince, diplomat and scholar. Son of John III Sobieski, King of Poland. Alexander was a candidate for election to the Polish throne in 1697, following his father's death, but was unsuccessful. He died at the early age of 37 in Rome, in 1714, having recently become a Capuchin friar.

BONAPARTE JEROME: (1784-1860) King of Westphalia 1807-13. Younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. An extremely interesting and important A.L.S. `Jerome´, signed twice, two pages, 8vo, Florence, 26th July 1846, to his daughter Princess Mathilde, in French. Jerome Bonaparte reports on the death of his brother Louis Bonaparte the day after he passed away, and states in part `I have to give you a sad new, your uncle Louis has succumbed yesterday at 10h after suffering a stroke in Livorno.. when I learned this he was dying, I had no opportunity to go and close his eyes...´, further referring to the inheritance, Jerome says `..Louis inherites a fortune of nearly twelve hundred thousand francs, despite the 150,000 francs he leaves to his godson, and the Mantua villa which he bequeaths (according to what am told) to Don Louis, Lucien's son...". Further again, Jerome refers to his brother´s wishes explained in his will, and states `I will get a copy of the will tomorrow.. he wants to be buried at St-Leu, next to his son and to my father, Will he be able ???´, and makes a prediction about his own fate` saying `If so, I am the only one remaining alive of all the Emperor's brothers and sisters, and I shall probably die, like the others, on the land of exile !!´ Jerome Bonaparte adds a postscriptum at the base of the front page, instructing his daughter `You have to mourn for two months.´ To the second page, most probably written the day after, Jerome states in part `We have just received your uncle´s will, and he has donated a souvenir to each of us; to me the lodge at the Pergola! to you the set with diamonds and ruby..´, and after a short list, adds a thought `I have to admit that I was not expecting anything, having being all through his life so cold and distant with all of us.´ Before concluding, Jerome adds one more donation referred on his brother´s will `He has bequeathed to the Grand Duke and to the Grand Duchess his large porcelaine vase and the large bust of the Emperor by Canova.´ Louis Bonaparte ((1778-1846) King of Holland 1806-10. Younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. Louis had three children with Hortense de Beauharnais, the first, Napoleon Charles (1802-1807) who died at the age of 4; the second, Napoleon Louis (1804-1831) King of Holland as Louis II. Died at the early age of 26 from Measles ; and the third and last Charles-Louis Napoleon (1808-1873) President of France 1848-52, and last French Monarch 1852-70, as Napoleon III. He is the inheritor Jerome Bonaparte refers to in the present letter.Princess Mathilde Bonaparte (1820-1904) Daughter of Jerome Bonaparte. Antonio Canova (1757-1822) Italian Sculptor. Best known for his marble sculptures, he is widely regarded as the greatest Neoclassical artist.

CUBAN LIBERATOR ARMY: An attractive multiple signed document, one page, large folio, Bayamo, 28th November 1868, in Spanish. The partially printed document being a decree entitled ''Republic of Cuba - Liberator Army of Cuba and Provisional Government'', and bears a very attractive and large printed coat of arms to the heading. The decree contains a unique article related to the supplying of the corps and is signed by nine members of the provisional government, including CARLOS MANUEL CESPEDES DEL CASTILLO (1819-1874) Cuban Revolutionary. Known as the ''Father of the Motherland'', Cespedes is considered a Cuban hero who freed slaves and leaded the declaration of Cuban Independence in 1868; PEDRO FIGUEREDO (1818-1870) known as Perucho, Cuban Poet and Musician. A freedom Ativist.  Figueredo composed the national anthem of Bayamo. He was captured and executed; LUIS MARCANO (1831-1870) Dominican General of the Cuban Army during the Ten Years´ War. He took part in the 1868 Battle of Bayamo. Shot in a fight; Donato Marmol (1843-1870) Cuban Officer and Patriot. Marmol died during the Ten Years´ war of smallpox at the early age of 27;  Ramon de Cespedes (1808-1890) Cuban Politician and Lawyer; Fernando Fornaris y Cespedes (1837-1875) Cuban Lawyer, military Officer and Writer. Executed, etc.. Bearing a large black paper seal affixed at the base alongside the bold ink signatures. Professional small repair to the verso. Small overall minor age wear with edges very slightly trimmed. G to VG

O'KEEFFE GEORGIA: (1887-1986) American Artist. A.L.S., with her initial G, one page, 4to (onion skin paper), Abiquiu, New Mexico, 27th May 1963, to her sister Anita. O'Keeffe announces 'The Philadelphia Museum is having a flower show that I think you would enjoy if you get yourself over there', adding 'The catalogue came to me this morning and is quite pretty' and further remarking 'And the Metropolitan has a photograph show. There is a print of me in it - also in the catalogue - I thought you might like to stop in and get [the] catalogue because I am in it and I don't look too bad'. The ink is a little light in places, although perfectly legible, and with a few heavy creases to the upper edge. About VG O'Keeffe, who was married to the photographer Alfred Stieglitz from 1924 until his death in 1946, is known for her paintings of enlarged flowers.

MARTI JOSE: (1853-1895) Cuban Poet, Writer and Revolutionary Philosopher. Martí is considered a national hero as well as a leading figure in Latin American literature. He became a symbol for Cuba's fight for independence in the 19th century, and is referred to as the "Apostle of Cuban Independence”. A good and rare A.L.S., `José Martí´, one page, 4to, New York, 19th March 1893, bearing the New York Delegation of the Cuban Revolutionary Party printed letterhead, to the Council President on the Board of Advisors for Key West, in Spanish. Marti refers to the newspaper El Yara, and states in part `..a journal of strict honesty, the only Cuban newspaper that with nothing more than the fervent patriotism of his chief editor, day after day convey to the emigration the voice of concord, and to Cuba the voice of revolution; no fear to honour those who deserve it!´ A letter of good content. Small overall age wear, mostly to edges, and overall foxing. About G El Yara was a revolutionary newspaper printed in Key West for distribution in Cuba.

[VICTORIA]: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain & Ireland 1837-1901. COWELL GEORGIANA ELIZABETH (1846-1927) Wife of Major-General Sir John Clayton Cowell (1832-1894) Master of the Queen's Household and Lieutenant-Governor of Windsor Castle. A fine, interesting small series of four A.Ls.S., G. E. Cowell, twenty-nine pages (total), Windsor Castle, 4th - 7th April 1884, each to her mother, on black bordered mourning stationery. Cowell's social letters largely focus on events in and around Windsor Castle following the untimely death of Queen Victoria's son, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, on 28th March 1884 and state, in part - 'Such a beautiful day & everything has been beyond words touching & imposing…..the music was divine as the…..bands played Beethoven's Funeral March, Chopin's & the Dead March in “Soul” as our dear Prince's coffin passed into the Albert Chapel, shouldered by the Highlanders & with the Queen immediately behind it - How she nerved herself is beyond humankind - not a tear or a quivering muscle & she drove in the procession right thro' the town, with the four grey ponies & scarlet liveries. The full sunshine & the tender green of the early spring all combines to make it simply beautiful. The grey Castle & Chapel all so peaceful & quiet' (4th April 1884; the day of Prince Leopold's funeral), ' “His Body is buried in peace”, we have all laid Him at rest, with the most beautiful , most touching & loving ceremony that human hearts could render……never, as long as life lasts, can one forget the……solemnity of everything, all so reverent & quiet……The only thing I sadly missed was our dear old Dean's tender, quavering tones, which made a great difference in the way the Service was read. Tomorrow I will try & write you a more full account of it all' (5th April 1884), 'As none of the papers seem to me to convey a full idea of the intensely pathetic ceremonies of the past two days (the Daily Telegph. is by far the best) I must try & write some faint description - In the first place the matter was singularly propitious…..By the Queen's particular wish we ladies all assembled on the Guard Room roof to witness the procession passing up the street……the only sound were the tolling bells of St. George's…..the big Royal Standard floating over all from the top of the Round Tower so we paused; until just as one o'clock struck, came the first boom of the minute guns, announcing that the train had arrived & in the distance below us we could catch the lamenting wail of the Pipes - in a few minutes this changed for the soft full chords of the opening bars of Chopin's Funeral March, sounding marvellously strange with the deep accompaniment of the muffled drums, & then we knew they had started! Presently came in sight……the gun carriage drawn by eight splendid dark brown gun horses…..adorned by an enormous wreath of Imperial Violets sent by the Empss. Eugenie (Her boy was a Gunner!) the coffin covered…..& on it laid the Black feather bonnet with the 'white hackle'……the Princes marched on either hand & immediately behind the Prince of Wales with the Crown Prince & the Gd. Duke of Hesse…..following them, saddest sight of all, the riderless horse……then the Queen's carriage with the white ponys “in Review Order”, scarlet grooms & outriders followed by……The Prince's Household & the rest of the Househd. in Waiting & the long procession closed with the Guard of Honour…….perhaps the most striking moment of all was when the gun-carriage wheeled under Henry VIII's gate into the Castle yard……where the Highlanders took possession of their honoured burden - not to leave it again until laid in the last earthly resting place. The Queen followed them into the Chapel & so ended the first part of the ceremony - more impressive & more beautiful in its simple grandeur than any words can express. In the evg……we went into the Meml. Chapel & I cannot tell you of the beauty of the flowers, the whole place was perfumed by the masses of violets, gardenias, roses, lilies & white lilac, the floor had been laid with black cloth & the wreaths were spread on this……At 8pm the tapers (in Charles I & Queen Anne's own silver candlesticks) were lighted, & the Chapel was left in charge of Captn. Brooke Hunt & 8 of the soldiers…..at a ¼ to 11 I went into Chapel, Lady Ponsonby & I were the only two invited ladies…..gradually the Chapel filled…..The Queen & Princesses filed into their seats……& then occurred one of the most striking & strangest effects of all - in the profound hush & silence……the precious load was gradually lowered to the level of the floor & then…..they finally adjusted the Union Jack around the coffin……& then the Dean read the service & it seemed as if the Anthem was a requiem for all the Holy Dead……whilst the final hymn was being sung, the Queen glided away in the shadows & in the immediate pause which followed, we could hear distinctly the Pipers outside……I think nothing could have been more infinitely touching or solemn for it was all so simple, so reverent, so orderly……& yet by the beauty of surroundings, the richness of colour & the perfect stillness, the scene was impressive beyond measure. The foreigners were very much struck by the way everything was carried out & all present were very much impressed by the splendid way in which the soldiers did their work' (6th April 1884), 'It was settled yesterday that the Queen & Princess Beatrice will go to Darmstadt next week for about a fortnight…….& everyone thinks it is a very good thing, especially for poor Prss. Beatrice who sorely needs a little change……The Queen is wonderfully well; marvellous, in many ways, as I have often thought Her - the courage & determination with which she has gone through everything has been beyond anything one cd. have imagined……We had a most touching sermon from our most excellent Dean yesterday. He has managed everything this week so well…..The Queen has got two most efficient & excellent young servants. The poor Dean has been nearly torn to pieces in many ways, but his quiet tact & judgment have never failed……Indeed I do not think any Sovereign cd. be more loyally served than She is by many. The Prince of Wales has said that he does not know how he cd. have managed….' (7th April 1884). A good series of letters with interesting content providing a first hand account of the funeral of Prince Leopold. Some very light, extremely minor age toning to a few pages of the letters. VG, 4Prince Leopold (1853-1884) Duke of Albany. The youngest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, the Duke of Albany suffered from haemophilia which contributed to his untimely death at the age of 30 whilst staying in Cannes on 27th March 1884. He was buried in the Albert Memorial Chapel at Windsor.

BABBAGE CHARLES: (1791-1871) English Polymath, a mathematician, philosopher & inventor who originated the concept of a digital programmable computer. A.L.S., Mr Babbage, in the third person, one page, 8vo, Dorset Street, Manchester Square, (London), 1st July 1864, to Mr. Mackinnon. Babbage regrets that he was unable to have the pleasure of waiting on his correspondent. Lightly mounted to the upper edge, otherwise VG

CHARLIE´S ANGELS: A good colour multiple signed 8 x 10 photograph by the three main characters of the American crime television series Charlie´s Angels, comprising the three American Actresses Farrah Fawcett (1947-2009) she starred the television series as Jill Munroe only the first season 1976-77; Kate Jackson (1948- ) who starred as Sabrina Duncan the first three seasons from 1976 to 1979, and Jaclyn Smith (1945- ) starring the series, in her role as Kelly Garrett, for its complete run 1976-80. The image shows the three actresses in head and shoulders poses and bears bold black ink signatures to clear areas of the images. VG

BEAUHARNAIS EUGENE DE: (1781-1824) French Prince, son of Josephine de Beauharnais, Viceroy of Italy 1805-14 and Grand Duke of Frankfurt. L.S., P[rin]ce Eugene, with flourish, one page, 4to, Munich, 22nd June 1819, to Baron Devau, in French. Beauharnais acknowledges receipt of two small paintings `...showing views of Malmaison, but I have never known who was the author and who sent them to me..´, further saying that if they are not too expensive `I will decide if I keep them, although they do not seem to me of a desirable perfection.. and regarding the diamond, I cannot take the decision of selling it for a price lower than the one I fixed. I would rather keep it and wait..´ With two contemporary responses annotations at the base. VG

FRENCH MARSHALS: A good selection of twelve signed documents, A.Ls.S., T.Ls.S., Cartes de visite, gretting cards, etc… by various French Marshals of the XIXº and XXº century, including Alphonse Juin (1888-1967) Gravely wounded in 1915 during World War one, as a result of which he lost the use of his right arm. Captured during WWII during the Battle of France, Juin was a prisoner of war. Signed greeting card dated 1949, with a three holograph lines; Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (1798-1854) A.L.S., two pages, 4to, Paris, 24th July 1840, stating in part `..troubles have thrown into French territory many Spanish refugees… I have had many Spanish serving under my orders, I know their language, and all the opportunities I had in Africa helped me to learn the ways to obtain the best from a Spanish soldier..´ further referring to the creation of a Legion Etrangere; Joseph Gallieni (1849-1916) remembered as the infamous French military leader who exiled Queen Ranavalona III of Madagascar and abolished the 350-year-old monarchy. Carte de visite with seven lines in his hand. Dated 1898; Joseph Joffre (1852-1931) T.L.S., two pages, folio, dated 1904; Michel Regnaud St-Jean d'Angély, A.L.S., one page, 8vo, 9th January 1853; Jacques Louis Randon, A.L.S., three pages, 8vo, 18th July 1859, on the war Ministry printed stationery; Hubert Lyautey, A.L.S., two pages, 8vo, 25th May 1911, on his General office printed stationery; Bernard Pierre Magnan, A.L.S., one page, 8vo, Paris, 5th April 1857; Louis Franchet d'Esperey, A.L.S., two pages, 8vo, 1927; Marie Emile Fayolle, A.L.S., 1923; François de Canrobert, Carte de visite with 3 holograph lines; Jean-Baptiste Vaillant, Carte de visite with few holograph lines. G to VG, 12

AVIATION: A vintage postcard photograph depicting Roger Sommer seated in a Farman biplane on an airfield, individually signed in pencil to the verso by four pioneer aviators comprising Roger Sommer (1877-1965, French Aviator who broke the record for flight duration in 1909), Hubert Le Blon (1874-1910, French Aviator; died at the young age of 36 in an exhibition flight in Spain), Samuel F. Cody (1867-1913, American Aviator, the first man to fly an aeroplane built in Britain, 1908) and Louis Schreck (1874-1941, French Aviator & Industrialist). With an ink annotation in an unidentified hand indicating that the signatures date from October 1909 (and were therefore most likely obtained at the first Aviation Meeting at Doncaster in 1909). Some light age wear and a minor tape stain to the upper white border of the image, G

KAPODISTRIAS IOANNIS: (1776-1831) Greek Count and Statesman. One of the most distinguished diplomats of Europe. First Head of State of independent Greece 1827-31. Widely considered the founder of the modern Greek state. Kapodistrias also served as the Foreign Affairs Minister of the Russian Empire 1816-22 under Alexander I, and was succeeded by Count Nesselrode. A very good L.S. `Kapodystrias´, with flourish and with holograph sentence above signature, four pages, 4to, St. Petersburg, 3rd/15th February 182o, to Prince Kozlowski, Stuttgart, in French. Kapodistrias states in part `The Emperor is aware of the content of your particularly confidential letter which you honoured me with.. You expressed to me your wish of leaving the service in order to take care of your health, somewhere in southern territories, and to obtain a life pension through the magnificence of His Imperial Majesty. I am authorized, my Prince, to announce to you that your three wishes have been granted to you.´ Kapodistrias further refers to the way Prince Kozlowski should present his demission, and states `Your successor has been designated. It is Mr. the General de Benkendorff who is at this time travelling in Italy…´, further again referring to this task which the Emperor has requested him, and to the respect and confidence his correspondent inspires. Before concluding Kapodistrias reports the amount granted as life pension `Adieu, my Prince, respond to me by the courier, and send to the Ministry a dispatch with which we will be able to issue the Ukase of your demission with the benefit of three thousand roubles, enhanced yearly, as life pension.´ With a holograph two lines `Accept my Prince the assurance of my sincere and invariable friendship´ in Kapodistrias´ hand. An interesting letter showing the eloquence and diplomatic skills of Kapodistrias. Small overall age wear, with two small stains and tear to the second sheet bottom edge, not affecting the text or signature. G to VG Prince Piotr Borisovich Kozlovsky (1783-1840) Russian Diplomat and a man of letters. In 1807, after the signing of the Treaties of Tilsit, Kozlovsky helped a group of French officers escape English captivity, for which he was awarded the Cross of the Légion d´Honneur by the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Kozlowski was close to Chateubriand and de Lamennais, under whose influence secretly converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy. In 1818, he was appointed ambassador simultaneously to the Kingdom of Wurttemberg in Stuttgart and the Grand Duchy of Baden, but in 1820 a political dispute with the Russian government, caused by his public defense of the beginnings of democratic government in these states, led to his resignation and self-imposed exile, although he continued to receive his pension. After the new government of Tsar Nicholas I, the new Tsar almost halved his pension in 1827. The present letter shows the diplomatic way the demission was suggested and accepted.

[MASSENA ANDRE]: (1758-1817) Marshal of France, Duc de Rivoli. A good and attractive 16 x 21 contemporary printed public notice, one page, Toulon, 10th April 1815, in French. The affiche bears an attractive coat of arms vignette to the heading and is issued during the Hundred Days, and only few weeks after Napoleon´s return from his exile on the island of Elba. The printed heading states "Inhabitants of the Eight Military Division", and reports "An extraordinary and joyful event has given us back the Sovereign we have chosen, the Great Napoleon. - It has to be a celebration day for all French. - He has returned to the throne without a single drop of blood… - Bless the heaven that bring him back to us - The troops find again the Hero who leaded them constantly to victories. - The Sciences and Arts find again their Patron - Let´s wish long life to him and his dynasty. Long live the Emperor!!!" At the base of the document saying "The Marshal of the Empire, Duc of Rivoli - Governor of the eigth military division, Prince of Essling. - The present proclamation will be published and affixed in the department. Marseille 11th April 1815." Folded, with slightly trimmed edges. G Napoleon Bonaparte returned from the island of Elba on 20th March 1815, starting the historical period known as The Hundred Days war, or the War of the Seventh Coalition which lasted until 8th July 1815, ending with the second restoration of King Louis XVIII.

DUMAS ALEXANDRE: Fils (1824-1895) French Author and Dramatist. A.L.S., A Dumas f, one page, 8vo, Rue Pigale, Paris, n.d., to [Charles] Desnoyer, in French. Dumas asks his correspondent to be kind enough 'to send the bundle of letters after Karr, who finishes tomorrow' and continues 'I have had so much to do that I didn't have time to go and visit you. As you can only be found in the morning, it is not always convenient. If the bundle is sent right away, where should the proofs be collected, and when'. With integral address leaf. VG Charles Desnoyer (1806-1858) French Actor, Playwright & Theatre Manager.

LINDBERGH CHARLES: (1902-1974) American Aviator who made the first solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic from Paris to New York in the Spirit of St. Louis, May 1927. A.L.S., Charles, one page, 8vo, Weald, Sevenoaks, (Kent, England), 18th May 1937, to Mrs. W. A. Butler ('Dear Aunt June'). Lindbergh writes a brief letter to announce the birth of a child, in full, 'We have another boy; born on the evening of May 12th, in London. Anne and the baby are both doing well and are in excellent condition'. Accompanied by what is presumably the original envelope hand addressed by Lindbergh, with the stamps neatly torn away and with the printed return address of Deacon Brown's Point, North Haven, Maine to the verso (and therefore not matching the printed stationery of the letter). A few light creases, otherwise VGLindbergh refers to the birth of Land Morrow Lindbergh, one of six children the aviator fathered with his wife, Anne Morrow Lindbergh.

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain & Ireland 1837-1901. Small oblong 8vo portion of a document wrapper addressed by Queen Victoria, n.p., n.d., in full, 'The Queen to the King of the Belgians, Brussels'. Very slightly irregularly trimmed and with light overall creasing and a neat split to the centre of the lower edge, only very slightly affecting one letter of text, GQueen Victoria could have been in communication with either King Leopold I (1790-1865) who reigned from 1831 until his death, or his successor King Leopold II (1835-1909) who reigned from 1865-1909.Queen Victoria was related to King Leopold I, who was her uncle, and King Leopold II, her first cousin. King Leopold I, a political marriage broker, had promoted the marriage of his niece to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who was his nephew.

PHILIP PRINCE: (1921- ) Duke of Edinburgh, husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. An interesting T.L.S., Philip, with holograph salutation and subscription, one page, 8vo, Hong Kong, 2nd November 1988, to Jimmy [Taylor, a schoolfriend]. The Duke states 'I am not sure what report you read about the lecture which I gave in Perth earlier this year, but it contained nothing about the Zola Budd affair. My only comment was that things would not change until the white South Africans changed their attitude' and continues 'While I entirely sympathise with your strictures about 'apartheit', I do not think that involving myself in the problem would achieve very much. Apart from anything else, the fact is that the choice of action against apartheid is a party political issue in the UK and whatever I said would be seen as favouring one side or the other.' Accompanied by a photocopy of a newspaper article on the subject which appeared in the Observer on 24th April 1988 with the headline Duke steps into row over Zola. VG, 2Zola Budd (1966- ) South African-born runner who competed at the 1984 Olympic Games for Great Britain and at the 1992 Olympic Games for South Africa. Budd applied for British citizenship in order to circumvent the international sporting boycott of South Africa so that she could compete in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. British citizenship was granted, however her application and arrival was controversial due to her acquiring a passport under preferential circumstances. Groups supporting the abolition of apartheid campaigned vociferously and effectively to highlight the special treatment she received.

FORT PAUL: (1872-1960) French Poet. A Symbolist who founded literary reviews with Apollinaire. Best known for his Ballades Françaises. A very good A.L.S., `Paul Fort´, two pages, to two different sheets, 8vo, Paris, 8th March 1897, in French. A very cleanly written letter by Fort, in the third person, stating in part `C´est un respectueux ami de votre oeuvre, un poete souffrant de toute son ame pour son art, sincere et ému comme vous le futes toujours devant les hommes, devant les aspects de la Nature, qui sollicite de votre bienveillance d´etre accueilli par vous.´, (“He is a respectful friend of your work, a poet suffering with all his soul for his art, sincere and moved as you are always about  men, about Nature, who is asking for your benevolence to be received by you.”), further expressing his very first emotions reading his correspondent poems, saying `En vous Assurant de son estime, toujours, en vous remerciant des émotions (les premieres qu´il ressentit en poete) que vous lui avez données.. Toute modeste que soit son oeuvre, il espere que vous voudrez bien l´accueillir en ami.´, (“By assuring you of his esteem, always, by thanking you for the emotions (the first ones he felt as a poet) that you have given him…However his work is modest, he hopes you will welcome him as a friend.”) With a Glory Mill Bucks watermark. EX 

[DAVOUT LOUIS NICOLAS]: (1770-1823) Marshal of France, Duc d´Auerstaedt and Prince of Eckmuhl. Known as the Iron Marshal, Davout was the only Napoleonic Marshal not to have been defeated in battle by 1815. Attractive 16 x 21 contemporary printed public notice, one page, Paris, 10th April 1815, in French. The Affiche announcement bears an attractive vignette to the heading with a crowned eagle and is issued during the Hundred Days, and only few weeks after Napoleon´s return from his exile on the island of Elba. The printed heading states “Proclamation - the Minister of War - To all non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers on leave or retreated in French territories”. The proclamation harangues the crowds claiming `You have wanted your Emperor, he has arrived. Come and be ready to defend your Homeland against the enemies who will want to decide the colours we should wear, to impose the Souvereigns and dictate constitutions.”, further saying “Soldiers,.. if your wounds have healed, if you can serve, come, the Honour, the Emperor and the Homeland are calling you. What complaints would you not have to make to yourself if ….foreigners would withdraw France out of the map of Europe!” Bearing multiple and clean contemporary annotations to the verso. Folded, with trimmed edges. G Napoleon Bonaparte returned from the island of Elba on 20th March 1815, starting the historical period known as The Hundred Days war, or the War of the Seventh Coalition which lasted until 8th July 1815, ending with the second restoration of King Louis XVIII.

ACTORS: Selection of signed 6 x 8 photographs, some colour, by various film actors including Alain Delon, Kenneth Branagh, Eric Roberts, Antonio Banderas, Bill Nighy, Jean-Claude Van Damme, John Hurt, Derek Jacobi (in costume from Doctor Who), Kyle MacLachlan, Warwick Davis etc. All are boldly signed, most to clear areas of the images, and none are inscribed. VG to EX, 10

NECKER JACQUES: (1732-1804) Swiss Banker & Finance Minister 1777-81 under Louis XVI. Some of his decisions have been later considered as critical in creating social conditions which contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution. An excellent Autograph Letter with historical content by Necker, three pages, 4to, [Coppet], 11th August [1794], in French. The letter is addressed to a French noble who went in exile escaping from the terror. A violent attack manifesto against Robespierre by Necker, expressing his thoughts in this manuscript letter about Robespierre´s execution. Robespierre was guillotined two weeks before the present letter was written. Necker states in part `I was not aware of this…that the tyrants weapons had killed your brother.. Alas, will there ever be an end to so many evils?…´, and referring to Robespierre `.. I have less concern since the scoundrel is gone, he seemed reveling with the blood and with the crime. The National Convention seems since that moment being less terrible.. but I am shakingthinking in the moment that they will realize that its ferocity was its strength..´ Necker further refers to the situation in Geneva and states `.. all Genevese have been told to supply an inventory of their belongings and fortune and we cannot predict yet what kind of tax they will have to pay. We should be out of Geneva but nobody can get out… it is still the same brigands who are commanding..´ Very small overall minor creasing, with small professional repair to the fold, otherwise about VG

[LOWE HUDSON]: (1769-1844) Anglo-Irish Soldier and Colonial Administrator, Governor of St Helena where he was the 'gaoler' of Napoleon Bonaparte. Contemporary Manuscript copy of an autograph letter by Lowe, in an unidentified clerk's hand, two pages, 4to, London, 19th October 1822, to the Duke of Wellington. The letter states, in part, 'I hope your Grace will excuse the liberty I take of addressing you, upon the following subject, which I cannot better explain than by inclosing copy of a letter (no longer present) I had before written to Earl Bathurst and also of his Lordship's reply (no longer present) suggesting the reference to your Grace. The object, as it will appear, is to obtain for the sisters of the late Colonel Sir William De Lancey the pensions which had been granted, in the first instance to his mother and sisters & afterwards given to his widow who having since died leaves the pension disposeable……since receiving Lord Bathurst's reply to my first application in their behalf Lady Lowe who is also a sister of the late Sir William De Lancey has received a letter from the eldest sister which places the claim in a much stronger point of view than I was aware of……' With blank integral leaf. Together with a contemporary manuscript copy of Wellington's letter of reply, one page, 4to, Verona, 10th November 1822, to Hudson Lowe ('My dear Sir Hudson'), stating, in full, 'I have received your application in favour of the sisters of the late Sir W. De Lancey and I have applied to Lord Liverpool that the pension enjoyed by his widow may be given to them'. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, minor age wear, otherwise VG, 2 William Howe De Lancey (1778-1815) English Colonel who served during the Napoleonic Wars and died of wounds he received at the Battle of Waterloo. De Lancey and the Duke of Wellington were close allies and on the return of Napoleon Bonaparte from Elba, De Lancey was appointed deputy quartermaster-general of the army in Belgium, replacing Sir Hudson Lowe, whom Wellington disliked. Wellington was engaged in conversation with De Lancey on the battlefield when the Colonel received the wounds which ultimately led to his death. The Duke of Wellington described the events to Samuel Rogers such - 'De Lancey was with me and speaking to me when he was struck. We were on a point of land that overlooked the plain. I had just been warned off by some soldiers (but as I saw well from it, and two divisions were engaging below, I said "Never mind"), when a ball came bounding along en ricochet, as it is called, and, striking him on the back, sent him many yards over the head of his horse. He fell on his face, and bounded upwards and fell again. All the staff dismounted and ran to him, and when I came up he said, "Pray tell them to leave me and let me die in peace." I had him conveyed to the rear, and two days after, on my return from Brussels, I saw him in a barn, and he spoke with such strength that I said (for I had reported him killed), "Why! De Lancey, you will have the advantage of Sir Condy in 'Castle Rackrent'--you will know what your friends said of you after you were dead." "I hope I shall," he replied. Poor fellow! We knew each other ever since we were boys. But I had no time to be sorry. I went on with the army, and never saw him again' (from The Recollections of Samuel Rogers, 1856) One of De Lancey's two sisters, Susan, married Sir Hudson Lowe in December 1815.

PHILIPPEAUX PIERRE: (1756-1794) Convention Deputy. Guillotined with Danton. L.S., Philippeaux, one page, 4to, Angers, 5th December 1793, in French. The very interesting letter refers to the republican army victory in the Vendée after the siege of Angers of the 3rd & 4th December, the day before the present letter was signed. Philippeaux sends precise orders, stating `All administrators, Municipal officers, Commandants of the National Guard, public officers, civil and military ones, are all requested to make arrest immediately the fugitives who have abandoned their position and deserted the flags of their homeland…in case of resistance or violence by the deserter, use the force and arrest all the guilty people.´ With blank integral leaf. One stain, not affecting the signature, and two pinholes to the left border, otherwise G to VG

PELLOS: (1900-1998) René Pellarin, French Cartoonist. Pellos was the Tour de France cartoonist in the 1930´s. Rare signed original cover `Pellos´, for the Pieds-Nickelés, number 54, `Les Pieds-Nickelés Agents Secrets´, showing the three main characters of the comic series, one page, drawing paper card, folio, drawn by Pellos in black ink and gouache. Pellos has neatly affixed several drawn clipped pieces to create the cover. Les Pieds-Nickelés, was a comic strip series, published for the first time in 1908, and is considered one of the most important pioneering comic series by French cartoonists. Created by Louis Forton in 1908, who published the comic strips from 1908 to 1938. Ten years after Forton´s death, Pellos took back the Pieds Nickelés, and published over a hundred new comic series from 1948 to 1981. G Louis Forton (1879-1934) French Cartoonist. Considered one of the main French pioneers in the field. Best known as the creator in 1908 of the comic strips Les Pieds Nickelés.

PALMERSTON VISCOUNT: (1784-1865) British Prime Minister 1855-58, 1859-65. L.S., Palmerston, three pages, folio, Foreign Office, 22nd June 1838, to Edward William Auriol Drummond-Hay, Consul-General at Tangiers. Palmerston states that the Government have been considering Drummond-Hay's despatches and his 'suggestions for the amendment of the British Treaties with Morocco, and for the settlement of other questions…..between the two Governments' and continues to offer his responses, 'On the first point I have to observe to you that although there may be imperfections in the Treaty between this Country and Morocco, which it might be advantageous, if possible, to remove by substituting a new Treaty for that which now exists…..Her Majesty's Government do not think it advisable to make the attempt. Her Majesty's Government would certainly not feel themselves justified in acting upon your suggestion of using coercion, even if it were practicable, to compel the Emperor of Morocco to acquiesce in a demand for a new Treaty……The Point therefore to be now discussed with Morocco is only that…..of the Right of Her Majesty's Government to appoint Jews to act as Consular Agents in Morocco and upon that Point, I propose to send you such further instructions…..after I have received the opinion of the Law Officer of the Crown….' A letter of interesting content relating to Morocco and their historic treatment of Jews. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VGEdward William Auriol Drummond Hay (1785-1845) English Antiquary & Military officer who was present at the Battle of Waterloo. Later Great Britain's Consul-General at Tangiers, Morocco 1829-45.

[GROVES LESLIE]: (1896-1970) United States Army Corps of Engineers Lieutenant General. Groves oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb during WWII. A very interesting content T.L.S., `Sherfield´, one page, 4to, London, 26th November 1968, sent to Groves by Roger Mellor Makins, 1st Baron Sherfield (1904-1996) British Diplomat who served as British Ambassador to the United States 1953-56. Baron Sherfield reassures Leslie Groves on qualifications of new British Ambassador to the United States, stating in part `It is perfectly true that he made his name as a television interviewer, that he was a left-wing socialist, and that he edited the left-wing periodical "The New Statesman". But he was also a competent and successful Junior Minister in the Atlee Government. Since 1964, he has occupied the very demanding post of High Commissioner in India with ability and distinction.´, further adding `I consider that he has the qualities to make a good British Ambassador in Washington. There are very few people whose past sayings or writings will stand up to really close scrutiny, and this applies particularly to a journalist or editor. I am sure that the new president is a big enough man to understand this..´ Folded. EXMajor John Freeman (1915-2014) British Politician, Diplomat and Broadcaster. High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to India 1965-68. He was appointed British Ambassador to the United States 1969-71 under British Prime Minister Harold Wilson tenure. Freeman had refer to Nixon as "A discredited and outmoded purveyor of the irrational and inactive" whose defeat for the Republican nomination would be a "victory for decency".