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East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad Mint: Second phase, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1806-19], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], additional pellet at lower right, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.16g/12h (Prid. 314 [Sale, lot 655]; Stevens 8.105; KM. 69); silver Quarter-Rupee, similar, sikka shah alam badshah [coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], rosette of pellets above, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year], central dot in lower group of pellets, edge grained right, 2.80g/12h (Prid. 316 [Sale, lot 655]; Stevens 8.107; KM. 73) [2]. First good very fine, second about extremely fine and toned, scarce £100-£150 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1982 Second F. Pridmore (Taunton, UK) Collection; SNC February 1981 (1271), ticket. Owner’s tickets. Farrukhabad was ceded to the Company by the Nawab in June 1802, in return for an annual financial allowance. Its mint was in poor condition, so was rebuilt and coinage of silver and copper continued with until 1806 when Robert Blake senior (†1817), the former disgraced mint master at Patna, took up post and secured for it machinery that had been due to be sent to Madras. Blake, a chemist by profession, owned a significant library about minting and coining processes which was acquired by the government after his death. Between 1807 and 1810 the mint was fully mechanised. A small coinage of copper in 1816 accompanied regular silver issues, but in the wake of the Third Maratha War the Calcutta mint committee recommended closing the mint and moving coin production to Benares, once that facility became capable of producing Farrukhabad rupees. The process took several years, and it was not until April 1824 that the Farrukhabad mint closed and its equipment sent to Saugor

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad: Second phase, silver Rupees (2), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1817-19], struck at Calcutta, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], inverted v at lower right, revs. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edges grained right, 11.13g/12h, 10.89g/12h (Prid. 317 [Sale, lot 656]; Stevens 6.21; KM. 69) [2]. First very fine, second fine and with multiple shroff marks on edge, both toned £60-£80 --- First with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad Mint: Third phase, silver Rupees (2), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1820-4], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], extra pellet at lower right, revs. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edges straight-grained, 11.64g/12h, 11.60g/12h (Prid. 318 [Sale, lot 657]; Stevens 8.111; KM. 70) [2]. First extremely fine and attractively toned, second good very fine and bright £60-£80 --- Provenance: Second F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 657 (part), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad Mint: Third phase, silver Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1820-4], sikka shah alam badshah [coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], rosette of pellets above, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year], central dot in lower group of pellets, edge straight-grained, 2.94g/12h (Prid. 319 [Sale, lot 657]; Stevens 8.112; KM. 67). Virtually as struck with considerable mint bloom, attractively toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 65] £200-£300 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 657 (part), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages, gold Star Pagoda, c. 1740-1806, Madras, type A/II, half standing figure of Vishnu with ornamentation at sides, rev. star on pentagonal-shaped plain background surrounded by granulation, 3.43g (Prid. 9 [Sale, lot 351]; Stevens 1.12; KM. 303; F 1578). Striking split in edge, otherwise good very fine [certified and graded NGC MS 62] £200-£260 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8524), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, Arkat, silver Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Alamgir II (1167-73h/1754-9), yr 6 [1759+], sikka mubarak badshah ghazi aziz-ul-din muhammad alamgir [The auspicious coin of the victorious Emperor ‘Alamgir, chosen of the faith of Muhammad], rev. zarb arkat sanat 6 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Arkat in the 6th year of tranquil prosperity], 2.82g/12h (Prid. 143 [Sale, lot 360]; Stevens 2.65; KM. 382). Good very fine and attractively toned, rare [certified and graded NGC XF 45] £100-£150 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8545), recté ‘Alamgir II, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad: Third phase, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1820-31], struck at Calcutta, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], inverted v at lower right, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], no central dot in lower group of pellets, edge straight-grained, 5.82g/12h (Prid. 321 [Sale, lot 658]; Stevens 6.23; KM. 74). Virtually as struck and toned with underlying mint bloom, rare £150-£200 --- Provenance: Bt R.A. Cannito (Washington, NJ) July 1980, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad: Third phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1820-31], struck at Benares, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], inverted v at lower right, revs. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], central dot in lower group of pellets, edges straight-grained, 11.65g/12h, 11.48g/12h, 11.45g/12h (Prid. 323 [Sale, lot 659]; Stevens 7.149; KM. 70) [3]. First extremely fine but bright, second very fine, last nearly so but with shroff mark on edge, latter two toned £60-£80 --- Provenance: Second SNC (London) November 1980 (9470), ticket. First with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad: Third phase, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1820-31], struck at Benares, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], inverted v at lower right, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], central dot in lower group of pellets, edge straight-grained, 5.83g/12h (Prid. 324 [Sale, lot 659]; Stevens 7.150; KM. 74). Good very fine and toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 62] £150-£200 --- Provenance: Bt Baldwin (London) July 1990, ticket. Owner’s ticket

A unique 1819-dated Rupee of the Saugor mint East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Saugor Mint: First Phase, Rupee, in the name of in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1819, yr 55, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah saugor [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes, Saugor], rev. zarb ravishnagar sagar sanah 55 julus maimanat manus 1819 [struck at Farrukhabad in the 55th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity, 1819], 11.02g/10h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 8.137, this coin illustrated; Kulkarni, Numismatic Digest 12-13, pp.119-22, this coin; KM. –). Punchmarks on edge, otherwise very fine and exceptionally rare, the only known specimen [certified and graded NGC XF Details: Shroff Marked Edge] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: With R.D. Shah (London) Taisei/Baldwin/Gillio Auction 25 (Hong Kong), 4 September 1997, lot 676, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope. Literature: Illustrated in Prashant Kulkarni, ‘Saugor Mint and the E.I.C. Coins’, Numismatic Digest 12-13, p.120 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the Bengal Presidency, p.483 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the English East India Company, Presidency Series: A Catalogue and Pricelist, p.164. In the wake of the Third Maratha War the British acquired Saugor, where a mint had been in operation for some 35 years. Its rupees had been extensively copied by private minting operations in the surrounding towns and, in an attempt to mitigate this, Thomas Herbert Maddock (1792-1870), who was on the Governor-General’s staff, instructed the darogah to insert the word ‘Saugor’ in crude script and the date 1819 on the dies. The following year the Bengal government confirmed the plan to build a new mint but, with Lt (later Major, later Col.) Duncan Presgrave in charge, machinery on order and the mint building to be made ready, some of the machinery was diverted to Benares and it was not until 1824, and the closure of the Farrukhabad mint, that Presgrave was able to finally oversee the installation of its equipment at Saugor. Production started in 1825 and, despite instructions from various authorities to close the mint in 1828, 1831 and 1833, it remained open until late 1835

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Saugor Mint: Second phase, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1820-31], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], no privy marks, edge straight-grained, 11.62g/12h (Prid. 325 [Sale, lot 660]; Stevens 8.143; KM. 70). Good very fine, scarce £50-£70 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1831-3], naming Farrukhabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], crescent at top left, edge plain, 27mm, 11.67g/12h (Prid. 327 [Sale, lot 662]; Stevens 9.16; KM. 77). Tiny spot on obverse rim at 11 o’clock, otherwise brilliant and virtually as struck, reverse with most attractive toning, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 62] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: ‘Diana’ Collection, Baldwin Auction 54 (London), 6 May 2008, lot 41, recté Prid. 327, when certified and graded PCGS PR 63 and incorrectly labelled Prid. 334, label and tag. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1831-3], naming Farrukhabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], crescent at top left, edge plain, 27mm, 11.69g/12h (Prid. 327 [Sale, lot 662]; Stevens 9.16; KM. 77). Brilliant and virtually as struck, reverse unevenly toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: Bt Baldwin (London) August 1986, envelope in the hand of Fred Pridmore. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1831-3], naming Farrukhabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], crescent at top left, edge straight-grained, 27.5mm, 11.70g/12h (Prid. 328 [Sale, lot 663]; Stevens 9.17; KM. 77). A superb coin, brilliant and virtually as struck, light grey tone, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 65] £2,000-£3,000 --- Provenance: Bt R. Weir (Unionville, ONT), holder. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1831-3], naming Farrukhabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], crescent at top left, edge plain, 23mm, 5.80g/12h (Prid. 330 [Sale, lot 662]; Stevens 9.19; KM. 116). Brilliant FDC, light grey tone, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63] £900-£1,200 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3319), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, Arkat, silver Eighth-Rupee in the name of ‘Alamgir II (1167-73h/1754-9), yr 6 [1759+], sikka mubarak badshah ghazi aziz-ul-din muhammad alamgir [The auspicious coin of the victorious Emperor ‘Alamgir, chosen of the faith of Muhammad], rev. zarb arkat sanat 6 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Arkat in the 6th year of tranquil prosperity], 1.42g/3h (Prid. 144, this coin illustrated [Sale, lot 360]; Stevens 2.66; KM. 381). Very fine and very rare [certified and graded NGC XF 45] £150-£200 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore (Taunton, UK) Collection SNC (London) February 1981 (1208). Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations...Part 4, India, Volume I, p.68

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yrs 1204h, yr 45 [1831-3], naming Farrukhabad, sikka shah alam badshah [coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], crescent at centre left, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year], crescent at top left, edge plain, 17mm, 2.91g/12h (Prid. 332 [Sale, lot 662]; Stevens 9.21; KM. 115). A superb little coin, brilliant FDC, light grey tone, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3320), ticket. Owner’s ticket

A beautiful example of the craftsman’s art: the unique large flan, grained edge Farrukhabad Proof Rupee, 1833-5 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, silver Proof Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1833-5], naming Farrukhabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], no crescent, edge grained, 28mm, 11.85g/12h (Prid. 334 [not in Sale]; Stevens 9.25, this coin; KM. 78). A superb coin, brilliant FDC, grey tone, of the highest rarity, thought to be the only known example £2,400-£3,000 --- Provenance: Bt R. Weir (Unionville, ONT) June 1998, holder. Owner’s ticket

The finest known Farrukhabad Double-Pice, 1816 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad Mint: Second Phase, copper Double-Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1816], sanah julus 45 shah alam badshah [in the 45th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. do pai sikka/do pai sikka/do pai sikka [two pai sikka], 13.03g/12h (Prid. 335, this coin illustrated [Sale, lot 665]; Stevens 8.119; KM. 63). A superb coin, in all probability a Specimen, extremely fine and carefully struck with sharp rims, excessively rare [certified and graded NGC MS 61 BN] £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 665 [from Baldwin (London) March 1974], ticket. Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations...Part 4, India, Volume I, p.259

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad Mint: Third Phase, copper Trisul Pice (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1820-4], sanah julus 45 shah alam badshah [in the 45th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], revs. yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], 6.54g/12h, 6.39g/12h, 6.15g/12h (Prid. 336 [Sale, lot 667]; Stevens 8.121; KM. 65) [3]. Good very fine and better £40-£60 --- Provenance: First bt R.A. Cannito (Washington, NJ) July 1980, ticket Second bt April 1979. First and third with owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Saugor Mint: Third phase, copper Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1833-5], type C, sanah julus 45 shah alam badshah [in the 45th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], star symbol in centre, rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka [one pai sikka], 6.55g/12h (Prid. 339 [Sale, lot 667]; Stevens 8.148; Stevens website image 1874, same dies; KM. A65). Practically as struck with a little original colour, very rare in this condition £200-£300 --- Provenance: SNC (London) November 1980 (9477), ticket. Owner’s ticket. In slightly superior condition to the Stevens example (Stephen Album Auction 25, lot 1451), described as a possible pattern or trial, an opinion that the present cataloguer does not share

A wonderful Pattern Rupee struck at Calcutta but naming Farrukhabad, 1806 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, ‘Farrukhabad Mint’: Second phase, silver Pattern Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1806], unsigned, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no privy mark, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained left, 28mm, 11.22g/12h (Prid. 340 [Sale, lot 668]; Stevens 8.103; KM. –). Brilliant FDC, dark grey tone, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £2,400-£3,000 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3321), ticket. Owner’s ticket. One of a few pattern rupees struck at Calcutta from dies prepared for Farrukhabad, before the dies were sent thither and the obverse privy-marked

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, gold Two Pagodas, second issue, type B/IV, seven-tiered Gopuram of a temple flanked by 9 stars either side, surrounded by oval buckled garter inscribed two pagodas ·, do hun [Two hun], peak of Gopuram points to o in pagoda, rev. Vishnu holding sword, rising from a lotus flower, surrounded by three concentric circles of pellets, within ribbon inscribed in Tamil and Telugu, · 2 vara kun/2 vara hun [2 hun], no pellet in Telugu legend, 5.93g/12h (Prid. 146 [Sale, lot 361]; Stevens 3.6; KM. 358; F 1582). Virtually as struck with full mint bloom, most attractive, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 66] £1,500-£2,000 --- Owner’s ticket and envelope. In February 1806, and in the wake of the adoption of a milled coinage by the Bengal presidency, the Governor in Council, Lord William Bentinck (1774-1839), recommended the Supreme Government at Calcutta authorise a new mint to be erected in Black Town, and that Benjamin Roebuck (1753-1809), the assay master at the old Madras mint and whose father, John Roebuck (1718-94) had introduced James Watt to Matthew Boulton and sold the latter the patent on Watt’s steam engine, be appointed mint master. Erection of mint machinery and the preparation of dies occupied a year, with the first coins produced, copper dubs and halves, along with silver rupees and their fractions, in April 1807. Problems with the mint machinery, powered by bullocks and not helped by the quality of the silver being used (Spanish dollars were laminated prior to being struck into half-pagodas or double-rupees), further complicated matters, with the first of the 1807-8 issue coins, 5 and 2 fanam pieces, being issued in June 1807. By August the full range of silver denominations were being struck from, it is presumed, dies that were engraved in Calcutta, and the first gold coins, valued at 2 and 1 pagoda, appeared in February 1808. By the summer of 1808 it would seem that the new die-cutting room at Black Town was in full operation and coinage of the 1808-12 second issue silver denominations could commence. Concurrently, however, the multiplicity of coin types circulating in Madras was causing concern among the Company’s Court of Directors. Eventually, in June 1812, coinage of silver pagodas was ceased by proclamation and a new rupee coinage took its place; initially to the old Arcot standard, and later to the English standard. The issue of gold pagodas was discontinued in December 1817

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad Mint: Second Phase, copper Pattern Pice, c. 1806 (?), partially alluding to ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45, unsigned, ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge plain, 6.55g/12h (Prid. 342, this coin illustrated [not in Sale]; Stevens 8.117; KM. –). One edge weak and small surface metal flaw in the mint name, otherwise very fine and patinated, excessively rare [certified and graded NGC AU 53 BN] £600-£800 --- Provenance: K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 660. Owner’s ticket and envelope. Literature: Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations...Part 4, India, Volume I, p.343. A mule of Prid. 203 and 314 (Stevens 4.29 and 8.105). Contrary to the catalogue footnote accompanying the sale of the Wodak/Pitchfork specimen (Noble Auction 48, lot 2157, subsequently Stevens collection, Album Auction 25, lot 1441), the slightly inferior present specimen is the Pridmore plate coin, not the piece then owned by Wodak

The exceptional Pridmore Nazarana Rupee, 1182h East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta and Murshidabad mints: post-1761 issues, silver Nazarana Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1182h, yr 10 [August 1768-May 1769], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], sun at left, privy mark arrangement 2/3, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 10 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 10th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], small thick flan, 22.2mm, 11.68g/7h (Prid. 343, this coin illustrated [Sale, lot 670]; Stevens 2.79; Stevens website image 1551 [= Album Auction 30, 2577], same dies; KM. Pn1). An exceptional coin featuring fine calligraphy, well-struck, extremely fine and toned, most attractive and extremely rare, perhaps only one other extant [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £6,000-£8,000 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 670, ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations...Part 4, India, Volume I, p.343

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta and Murshidabad mints: post-1771 issues, silver Nazarana Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1185h, yr 13 [July 1771-April 1772], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], sun at left, privy mark arrangement 4/3, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 13 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 13th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge plain, 26mm, 11.56g/2h (Prid. 344 [Sale, lot 672]; Stevens 2.133; Stevens website images 1577, same dies; KM. Pn2). Two trifling edge nicks, otherwise very fine and toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC XF 40] £2,400-£3,000 --- Provenance: Taisei/Baldwin/Gillio Auction 28 (Singapore), 4 March 1999, lot 1003, recté Prid. 344, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope

Prinsep’s excessively rare Pattern Half-Rupee, 1784 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta Mint: Prinsep’s coinage, silver Pattern Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1198h, yr 26 [March-November 1784], naming Murshidabad, unsigned, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah 1198 [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes, 1198], rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 26 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 26th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge arrow and pellet ornamental pattern, 20mm, 5.72g/6h (Prid. 348 [Sale, lot 675]; Stevens 3.3, recté edge arrow and pellet ornamental pattern; KM. –). A delightful coin, virtually as struck with most attractive toning, excessively rare, perhaps only one other known [certified and graded NGC MS 65] £6,000-£8,000 --- Provenance: SNC (London) November 1980 (9478), ticket. Owner’s ticket. Although Pridmore could not trace a specimen at the time of publication of his book in 1975, he later acquired one (his sale, lot 675, subsequently Sarnefors lot 1152, Fore Part II, lot 891 and Markov/M&M/Goldberg/Sovereign Rarities 46, lot 1183). This is the only other specimen noted by the cataloguer

Prinsep’s unique silver Pattern Fulus to the weight-standard of a Rupee, 1195h East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta Mint: Prinsep’s coinage, silver Pattern Fulus or Quarter-Anna to the weight-standard of a Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yr 22 [December 1780-April 1781], unsigned, shah alam badshah 1195 [Shah ‘Alam emperor 1195], rev. sanah 22 julus [in the 22nd year of his reign], stars below, beaded rims, security edge straight-grained with raised centre line, 24mm, 11.85g/6h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 3.10, this coin illustrated, recté silver; Stevens website image 1523, this coin, recté silver; KM. –). Extremely fine, an exceptional and intriguing coin, believed unique [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £3,000-£4,000 --- Provenance: V.M. Brand Collection, Spink Auction 50 (London), 6-7 March 1986, lot 229 CNG Mailbid Sale 69, 8 June 2005 (2065) D. Fore Collection, Part II, Baldwin Auction 82 (London), 31 May 2013, lot 879, recté silver. Owner’s ticket and envelope. Literature: Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the Bengal Presidency, p.134 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the English East India Company, Presidency Series: A Catalogue and Pricelist, p.34. The cataloguer is indebted to Dr Gary Oddie for his assistance in determining the metal content of this coin, which can be confirmed as 96.9% silver, 1.14% copper, 0.15% gold, and other minor trace elements. According to the published literature, John Prinsep is not known to have struck any silver coins prior to 1784, but the security edge and the weight of this piece, even though it bears the design of the contemporary quarter-anna, suggest that he intended it to be a pattern for a silver coin, most likely a smaller-diameter rupee with an edge that shroffs and others could trust

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta Mint: Prinsep’s coinage, copper Pattern Fulus or Quarter-Anna in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yr 22 [December 1780-April 1781], unsigned, shah alam badshah 1195 [Shah ‘Alam emperor 1195], star and rosette in field, rev. sanah 22 julus [in the 22nd year of his reign], rosettes above and below, broad toothed rims, edge plain, 22.5mm, 7.48g/3h (Prid. 352 [cf. Sale, lot 677]; Stevens 3.8; KM. Pn5). Small striking split in edge, otherwise extremely fine and of good style, attractively patinated, extremely rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: D. Fore Collection, Part II, Baldwin Auction 82 (London), 31 May 2013, lot 878, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, gold Two Pagodas, second issue, type G/IV, seven-tiered Gopuram of a temple flanked by 9 stars either side, surrounded by very large square buckled garter encroaching on the design, inscribed two pagodas ., do hun [Two hun], peak of Gopuram points to g in pagoda, rev. Vishnu holding sword, rising from a lotus flower, surrounded by three concentric circles of pellets, the innermost interrupted, within ribbon inscribed in Tamil and Telugu, · 2 vara kun/2 vara hun [2 hun], no pellet in Telugu legend, 5.89g/12h (Prid. 146 [Sale, lot 361]; Stevens 3.15; KM. 358; F 1582). About extremely fine, rare [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: ‘Skanda’ (L.B. Brilliant) Collection, Spink/Taisei Auction 9 (Singapore), 20 February 1991, lot 615. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta Mint: Prinsep’s coinage, copper Pattern Pao Fulus or Sixteenth-Anna in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yr 22 [December 1780-April 1781], unsigned, shah alam badshah 1195 [Shah ‘Alam emperor 1195], rev. sanah 22 julus [in the 22nd year of his reign], two stars below, beaded rims, edge plain, 15mm, 1.68g/6h (Prid. – [Sale, lot 678]; Stevens 3.12; KM. –). Extremely fine and attractively patinated, extremely rare £700-£900 --- Provenance: Bt H. Kaslove (Ottawa, ONT) July 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Pattern Proof Half-Mohur or Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, from unfinished designs, no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1793], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge plain, 24mm, 6.29g/12h (Prid. 356 [Sale, lot 679]; Stevens 4.14; KM. Pn13). Brilliant and practically as struck, lightly toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 679 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Pattern Proof Quarter-Mohur or Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, from unfinished designs, frozen dates 1204h and yr 19 [1793], naming Murshidabad, 1204 sikka shah alam badshah [1204 coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year], edge plain, 17.7mm, 3.08g/12h (Prid. 357 [Sale, lot 679]; Stevens 4.16; KM. Pn12). Brilliant FDC, lightly toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £1,400-£1,800 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection, with ticket in the hand of Fred Pridmore SNC (London) April 1982 (3322), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Pattern Proof Mohur or Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, from unfinished designs, no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1793], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained left, 27mm, 12.44g/12h (Prid. 358, recté 27mm [Sale, lot 680]; Stevens 4.13, recté 27mm; KM. Pn14a). A superb coin, brilliant FDC, most attractive toning, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 66] £2,400-£3,000 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3323), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Pattern Proof Half-Mohur or Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, from unfinished designs, no hegira date, frozen regnal yr 19 [1793], naming Murshidabad, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 julus maimanat manus [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained left, 21.4mm, 6.22g/12h (Prid. 359 [Sale, lot 680]; Stevens 4.15; KM. Pn13a). Brilliant and practically as struck, toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £1,800-£2,200 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 680 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, silver Pattern Proof Quarter-Mohur or Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, from unfinished designs, frozen dates 1204h and yr 19 [1793], naming Murshidabad, 1204 sikka shah alam badshah [1204 coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], no private marks, rev. zarb murshidabad sanah 19 [struck at Murshidabad in the 19th year], edge grained left, 16.3mm, 3.08g/12h (Prid. 360 [Sale, lot 680]; Stevens 4.17; KM. Pn12a). Brilliant and virtually as struck, deeply toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 65] £1,500-£1,800 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3324), ticket. Owner’s ticket

One of the classic coins in the entire E.I.C. Bengal series East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Third milled issue, silver Pattern Rupee, unsigned, for the Calcutta Mint committee [1818], Company arms, auspicio . regis . et . senatus . angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] around, rev. calcutta rupee above zarb kalkata [struck at Calcutta] within wreath, edge straight-grained, 28.7mm, 11.68g/12h (Prid. 361 [Sale, lot 681]; Stevens 6.9, this coin illustrated; Pridmore, SCMB 1961, pp.145-7; KM. Pn26). Tiny spot in wreath at top right, otherwise brilliant and practically as struck, attractively toned, an exceptional example of this excessively rare and significant coin [certified and graded NGC PF 63+] £24,000-£30,000 --- Provenance: V.M. Brand (Chicago, IL) Collection F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 681, ticket. Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the Bengal Presidency, pp.260 and 291 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the English East India Company, Presidency Series: A Catalogue and Pricelist, p.88. In taking a step towards unification of the currency in British India, the gold and silver coinages were reviewed in 1818 along with a move to issuing coins with straight-grained edges and raised rims. Specimens of the proposed new coinage, to a heavier weight-standard but following the previous designs, were sent to the mint committee in August 1818 but, prior to that, Pridmore (SCMB 1961, pp.146-7) suggested that the mint committee had toyed with the idea of changing the design to one ‘more consistent with the dignity of the British Government of India, to authorize its own currencies by its own peculiar stamp and impression’. Such a suggestion, combined with a desire to test the new edge-marking machinery, would seem to have resulted in the few patterns of this type which, retaining the old rupee weight-standard, would appear to have been struck in the period May-August 1818

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Third phase, silver Pattern Rupee, 1822, unsigned, namunah zarb banaras [pattern struck at Benares], rev. new milling 1822 in three lines, edge straight-grained, 11.69g/12h (Prid. 362 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.152; KM. –). Extremely fine and toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £4,000-£5,000 --- Provenance: Baron Philippe de Ferrari la Renotière Collection, Sotheby Auction (London), 27-31 March 1922, lot 576 (part) V.M. Brand Collection, Part IX, Sotheby Auction (London), 14 June 1985, lot 200. Owner’s ticket. A pattern struck to demonstrate the new edge graining used at Benares for the Farrukhabad rupee

Two early philatelic links to India East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Patna (Azimabad): Patna Post, copper Two Annas, 1774, patna post two anns 1774 in four lines, rev. azimabad dak do ani [Azimabad post two annas], 25mm, 8.81g/2h (Prid. 363 [Sale, lot 682]; Stevens –; KM. –). About fine, very rare £900-£1,200 --- Provenance: Bt Baldwin (London) June 1985, ticket. Owner’s ticket and envelope. This and the following lot are copper tickets issued by the Patna postmaster at the inception of the General Post Office in Bengal in April 1774. The need for them arose because of problems in realising payment for post-paid letters that recipients, in many cases, refused to receive. Full details of the background to the issue was provided by Pridmore (SNC June 1977) who inferred that the use of the tickets was discontinued by government order on 14 September 1774

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, gold Two Pagodas, second issue, type I/II, seven-tiered Gopuram of a temple flanked by 9 stars either side, surrounded by oval buckled garter inscribed two · pagodas ·, do hun [Two hun], peak of Gopuram points between g and o in pagoda, rev. Vishnu holding sword, rising from a lotus flower, surrounded by three concentric circles of pellets, within ribbon inscribed in Tamil and Telugu, · 2 vara kun/2 vara hun [2 hun], no pellet in Telugu legend, 5.92g/12h (Prid. 146 [Sale, lot 361]; Stevens website 3.18C, this coin; KM. 358; F 1582). Edge indentations on obverse at 5 and 9 o’clock, otherwise virtually as struck, considerable mint bloom, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 65] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: SNC (London) February 1982 (726), ticket. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Patna (Azimabad): Patna Post, copper One Anna, 1774, patna post one anns 1774 in four lines, rev. azimabad dak ani [Azimabad post one anna], 20mm, 4.66g/9h (Prid. 364, this coin illustrated [Sale, lot 685]; Pridmore, SNC June 1977, this coin illustrated; Stevens –; KM. –). About extremely fine and sharply struck, extremely rare and in all likelihood the finest known specimen [certified and graded NGC MS 60 BN] £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 683 [in collection by July 1970], ticket W.J. Noble Collection, Part II, Noble Numismatics Auction 61B (Melbourne), 3-4 August 1999, lot 1534. Owner’s ticket and envelope. Literature: Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations...Part 4, India, Volume I, p.265 Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, ‘British India – numismatic or philatelic?;, SNC June 1977, p.247

The first serious attempt to replace the cowrie shell in Bengal – a fascinating currency experiment East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, hexagonal copper Pattern Gundah or Four Cowries, 1792, unsigned [by N.-A. Ponthon], large size, balemark, rev. scales, ‘adil [justice] below, edge plain, 15mm, 1.48g/6h (Prid. 365 [Sale, lot 684]; Stevens 10.1; KM. Pn11). Good extremely fine with a hint of original colour and proof-like fields, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63 BN] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection SNC (London) April 1980 (3158), ticket. Owner’s ticket and envelope. In contrast to the Madras and Bombay presidencies, Matthew Boulton’s Soho manufactory only produced pattern coins for Bengal. Robert Wissett (1750-1820), a senior Company figure in London, contacted Matthew Boulton in September 1792 with a view to Boulton producing a coinage to supersede the cowrie system, rated at 1,280 to the rupee. Boulton conceived the idea of making hexagonal pieces and, within 10 days of Wissett’s initial contact, he had been sent 50 specimens of the larger-size coin, but owing to a misunderstanding coined them to the value of four cowries instead of one. Smaller pieces were made, but whether pieces of either size were actually shown to the new Governor-General of Bengal, Sir John Shore (1751-1834), before his departure for the East, is not known. As David Vice stated in his article on the series (Format FPL 58, pp.2-5), ‘the passage of time and the propensity for these very small pieces to easily get lost have contributed to the serious erosion of these numbers [i.e. the numbers of pieces struck]. Consequently only a handful of examples has survived to bear testimony to what was for the East India Company a fascinating currency experiment, and for Matthew Boulton a marvellous display of his ingenuity and entrepreneuring skills’

The exceptionally rare Pridmore/Climpson hexagonal copper Pattern set, 1792 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, hexagonal copper Pattern set, comprising Gundah or Four Cowries, 1792, unsigned [by N.-A. Ponthon], large size, balemark, rev. scales, ‘adil [justice] below, edge plain, 15mm, 1.46g/6h (Prid. 365 [Sale, lot 684]; Stevens 10.1; KM. Pn11); Cowrie, 1792, similar, edge plain, 9mm, 0.37g/6h (Prid. 368 [Sale, lot 684]; Stevens 10.4; KM. Pn10) [2]. First extremely fine and very rare, second better and exceptionally rare, no other specimens noted on the market in recent years [certified and graded NGC MS 63 BN and MS 64 BN] £4,000-£5,000 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 684, ticket R.A. Climpson Collection, Noble Numismatics Auction 85B (Melbourne), 25 July 2007, lot 2171. Owner’s tickets and envelopes

The unique set of four different Soho Pattern Pice, 1795 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, bronzed-copper Pattern Proof Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, frozen regnal yr 37 [1795+], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], edge plain, 30mm, 14.18g/6h (Prid. 380 [Sale, lot 689]; Stevens 10.5; KM. Pn19). Practically as struck, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 62 BN] £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: SNC (London) February 1982 (799), ticket. Owner’s ticket. Following the major currency reform in 1793 and the agitation for a new copper coinage by the assay master at Patna, the Governor-General of Bengal, Sir John Shore (1751-1834), considered the matter at some length and proposed regulations for a new copper coinage which would be struck exclusively at Calcutta and bear trilingual values. Specimens of the two denominations were approved in November 1795, bearing the recently completed 37th year of Shah ‘Alam’s reign, but the Calcutta government had seen fit to ask whether it might be better to obtain the coins from England. Although nothing came of this request (Stevens, 2012, p.166), the fact that these carefully-struck patterns exist prove that someone at the Company, most likely Robert Wissett (1750-1820), had instructed an English mint, which by definition at the time must have been Soho, to produce pieces copying the Bengali designs. Doty and Tungate are silent on the matter, except that the former (p.187) alluded to a request for manual screw presses from Calcutta in early 1796, which were finished in the summer of that year and despatched to the East in November. As there would have been time for samples of the November 1795-approved coinage to travel from Calcutta to England by the summer of 1796, could these have acted as patterns for a Soho engraver (N.-A. Ponthon?) to copy, and then for Soho to strike a few specimens on the machinery before it was sent to Calcutta?

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, copper Pattern Proof Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, frozen regnal yr 37 [1795+], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], from the same dies as previous, edge grained right, 30mm, 12.97g/6h (Prid. 381 [not in Sale]; Stevens 10.6, recté edge grained right; Stevens website image 1876, this coin; KM. Pn19a). Brilliant and virtually as struck, full original colour, most attractive and extremely rare, believed to be the only known specimen [certified and graded NGC PF 63 RB] £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: D. Fore Collection, Part II, Baldwin Auction 82 (London), 31 May 2013, lot 868, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope, “unfortunately no provenance given in the Fore sale..but [it] must have come from an old British collection because of its condition. This is the only specimen traced”

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, gilt-copper Pattern Proof Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, frozen regnal yr 37 [1795+], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], from the same dies as previous, edge plain, 30mm, 12.63g/6h (Prid. 382 [not in Sale]; Stevens 10.7; KM. Pn19b). Brilliant and virtually as struck, most attractive and extremely rare, believed only one other (Fore II, 866) in private hands [certified and graded NGC PF 64 Ultra Cameo] £2,400-£3,000 --- Provenance: SNC (London) February 1982 (800), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, pewter Trial Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), unsigned, frozen regnal yr 37 [1795+], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], from the same dies as previous, edge plain, 33mm, 13.25g/3h (Prid. 383, this coin illustrated, recté 33mm [Sale, lot 690]; Stevens 10.8, this coin; KM. Pn19c). Flan a trifle bent, very light surface corrosion, otherwise extremely fine and almost as made, unique [certified and graded NGC PF 61] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 690, ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations...Part 4, India, Volume I, p.269. This most interesting piece, larger than the others in the series and exhibiting witness lines around the legends on both sides, is likely the precursor of the previous three lots as the circumference is plain

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, bronzed-copper Pattern Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], Company arms, ausp : regis & senat : angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] on ribbon, date below, rev. yek pai sikka [one pai sikka] around ek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], borders of small beads, edge plain, 27.5mm, 7.73g/3h (Prid. 384 [Sale, lot 691]; Stevens 10.9; KM. Pn23). Trifling spots, otherwise virtually as struck, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64 BN] £900-£1,200 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) November 1979 (10412), ticket. Owner’s ticket. Joseph Thompson, a senior official with the Company in London who worked with Robert Wissett, contacted Soho in 1809 with a view to having a new copper coinage struck for Bengal, but for a number of possible reasons that are not fully clear (doubtless the Company’s ire at Soho striking 22 excess tons of copper for Madras the previous summer being one of them) the issue was not proceeded with. The series of pattern coins in this and the following lots were the last coins made by Soho for the Indian subcontinent

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, silver Pattern Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], Company arms, ausp : regis & senat : angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] on ribbon, one pie above, date below, rev. yek pai sikka [one pai sikka] around ek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], borders of larger beads, edge plain, 27.5mm, 8.33g/3h (Prid. 387 [not in Sale]; Stevens 10.12; KM. Pn24d). Some light spotting, otherwise virtually as struck and toned, exceptionally rare, perhaps only one other (British Museum, ex Clarke-Thornhill 1935.0401.12264) specimen known [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £3,000-£4,000 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 45 (London), 3 May 2006, lot 1417, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, gold Two Pagodas, second issue, type N/II, seven-tiered Gopuram of a temple flanked by 7 stars either side, surrounded by oval buckled garter inscribed two pagodas, do hun [Two hun], peak of Gopuram points to o in pagoda, rev. Vishnu holding sword, rising from a lotus flower, surrounded by three concentric circles of pellets, within ribbon inscribed in Tamil and Telugu, · 2 vara kun/2 vara hun [2 hun], no pellet in Telugu legend, 5.91g/12h (Prid. 147 [not in Sale]; Stevens –; KM. 357; F 1582). Virtually as struck, considerable mint bloom, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 66] £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: J.W. Garrett Collection, Part I, Bank Leu/NFA Auction (Beverly Hills, CA), 16-18 May 1984, lot 525 [from M. Schulman (Amsterdam) November 1927], ticket DNW Auction 54 (London), 19 June 2002, lot 501. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, gilt-copper Pattern Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], Company arms, ausp : regis & senat : angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] on ribbon, one pie above, date below, rev. yek pai sikka [one pai sikka] around ek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], borders of larger beads, from the same dies as previous, edge plain, 27.5mm, 7.09g/3h (Prid. 388 [Sale, lot 692]; Stevens 10.13; KM. Pn24c). Some rubbing to the high points and a toning spot on lower reverse, otherwise extremely fine and brilliant, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 62] £900-£1,200 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 692, ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, copper Pattern Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], Company arms, ausp : regis & senat : angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] on ribbon, one pie above, date below, rev. yek pai sikka [one pai sikka] around ek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], borders of larger beads, from the same dies as previous, thin flan, edge plain, 27.5mm, 7.52g/6h (Prid. 389 [Sale, lot 693]; Stevens 10.14; KM. Pn24b). Brilliant and virtually as struck, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63 RD] £900-£1,200 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) November 1979 (10413), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, a pewter splasher of the unfinished obv. for a Pattern Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], Company arms, no motto on ribbon, one pie above, date below, fully beaded border, edge plain, 27.5mm [image size 21.6mm], 1.92g (cf. Prid. 390 [Sale, lot 694]; Stevens 10.16, this coin; Stevens website image 1890, this coin; KM. –). Extremely fine, believed to be unique £600-£800 --- Provenance: SNC (London) April 1980 (3161), ticket F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 694, ticket. Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the Bengal Presidency, p.550 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the English East India Company, Presidency Series: A Catalogue and Pricelist, p.187. Almost certainly an early experiment, or mistake, by Phillp; the die itself (21.6mm) was later altered and half stamped over one, becoming the master for the half-pie series dated 1809 (see the next three lots)

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, silver Pattern Half-Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], Company arms, ausp : regis & senat : angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] on ribbon, half pie above [half over one], date below, rev. nim pai sikka [half pai sikka] around ad pai sikka/adha pai sikka [half pai sikka], beaded borders, from the same obv. die as previous in altered state, edge plain, 21.6mm, 3.93g/3h (Prid. 393 [not in Sale]; Stevens 10.19; KM. Pn22b). Extremely fine with sharp rims, attractive dark grey tone, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 45 (London), 3 May 2006, lot 1419, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, copper Pattern Half-Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], Company arms, ausp : regis & senat : angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] on ribbon, half pie above [half over one], date below, rev. nim pai sikka [half pai sikka] around ad pai sikka/adha pai sikka [half pai sikka], beaded borders, from the same dies as previous in altered state, edge plain, 21.6mm, 4.26g/3h (Prid. 395 [Sale, lot 695]; Stevens 10.21; KM. Pn22). Good extremely fine, rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63 BN] £400-£500 --- Provenance: SNC (London) November 1980 (9480), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, white metal Restrike Pattern Half-Pie, 1809, unsigned [after J. Phillp], Company arms, ausp : regis & senat : angliæ [By the authority of the King and Parliament of England] on ribbon, half pie above [half over one], date below, rev. nim pai sikka [half pai sikka] around ad pai sikka/adha pai sikka [half pai sikka], beaded borders, from the same dies as previous in altered state, edge plain, 21.6mm, 4.11g/12h (Prid. – [Sale, lot 696]; Stevens 10.22, this coin; KM. –). From rusty dies, has been cleaned otherwise extremely fine and exceptionally rare, perhaps the only known specimen [certified and graded NGC Proof Details: Spot Removals] £500-£700 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 653 (part) [in collection by July 1970], ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, uniface copper Trial or Pattern Half-Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], lion rampant on crest, holding crown in forepaws, half pie above, short cable border below crest, evenly configured date in exergue, edge centre-grained left, 21mm, 4.80g (Prid. 396 [Sale, lot 697]; Stevens 10.23, this coin; Stevens website image 1897, this coin; KM. TS3). Good extremely fine with a hint of original colour, exceptionally rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64 BN] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: A.N. Brushfield Collection, Part V, Glendining Auction (London), 2-3 November 1949, lot 152 (part) F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 697, recté edge centre-grained left, ticket D. Fore Collection, Part II, Baldwin Auction 82 (London), 31 May 2013, lot 864, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope. Literature: Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the Bengal Presidency, p.553 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the English East India Company, Presidency Series: A Catalogue and Pricelist, p.190. The interesting feature of this coin is the edge, unique in the Indian series for a Soho production, which reflects the efforts introduced by Soho in 1806 to produce British copper coins with edge graining

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, European Minting, Soho, a pewter splasher of the unfinished obv. for a Pattern Half-Pie, 1809, unsigned [by J. Phillp], lion rampant on crest, holding crown in forepaws, long cable border below crest, half pie above, unevenly configured date in exergue, 23.5mm [image size 21mm], 1.38g (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 10.24, this coin; KM. –). Extremely fine and as made, believed to be unique £600-£800 --- Provenance: SNC (London) June 1984 (3847), ticket. Owner’s ticket. Almost certainly made prior to the previous lot, but retained in order here following Stevens

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, East India Company, brass Recruiting Ticket [1817-33], lion rampant within wreath, wanted fine young men around, rev. east india recruiting departt. around no. 35 soho square london within wreath, edge straight-grained, 24mm, 4.62g/6h (Prid. 397 [Sale, lot 698]). About very fine, scarce £90-£120 --- Provenance: P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection SNC (London) April 1980 (3163), ticket. Owner’s ticket. Company recruiting in Great Britain was confined to private soldiers for its artillery and infantry units, apart from a short period during the Mutiny when special European cavalry regiments were raised. Recruiting methods were amongst the first subjects discussed between the Company and the newly created Board of Control in 1784. The Company's efforts had long been hampered by Parliamentary feeling against standing armies and an Act of 1781 had limited the number of recruits who could be held in England awaiting embarkation to 2,000 in time of war and 1,000 in peace time. Although such recruits as were obtained were inspected by a Company's officer and surgeon, and then by a Crown officer, there were frequent complaints from India about the quality of the men provided. After a long agitation, it was agreed that the Company ought to be allowed to follow the same pattern as the Crown's forces. An Act passed in 1799 permitted the Company to train, array, exercise and discipline recruits in England, and to subject them to martial law prior to embarkation and during the voyage to India. As a result, full-time recruiting officers, each with a staff of NCOs, were stationed in London, Liverpool, Dublin and Edinburgh, with additional officers at Cork from 1822, and at Bristol and Newry from 1846. The actual numbers of recruiting sergeants employed varied according to the urgency of the demand. Considering the parallel needs of the British army, it is hardly surprising that the Company always had great difficulty in obtaining sufficient men. For instance, during the season 1819-20, in the wake of the Third Maratha War, 1,354 were embarked, against an estimated deficiency of 4,009, and a good proportion of those who initially enlisted in the various districts were either rejected at the depot on medical grounds, deserted before joining the depot, or bought themselves out. A permanent training depot was first established at Newport, Isle of Wight, in 1801; it moved to Brompton Barracks, Chatham, in March 1815 and then to Warley, near Brentwood in Essex, in May 1843. The London office was located at 35 Soho square between 1817 and 1833 (incidentally, the former home of Gabriel Roberts, governor of Fort William, Calcutta, from 1712 to 1733), when it removed to 28 Soho square; a similar ticket for Liverpool (not in this collection) names a recruiting office located in London road (Withers 2140; Pridmore Sale, lot 698)

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, East India Company, brass Recruiting Ticket [1817-33], mounted dragoon brandishing sabre left, horse artillery above, rev. wanted for the east indies around apply at no. 35 soho square london, edge straight-grained, 20.7mm, 2.95g/12h (Prid. 398 [Sale, lot 698]; Withers 2500 (a)). About very fine, scarce £50-£70 --- Provenance: SNC (London) February 1982 (802), ticket. Owner’s ticket