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East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta mint: Prinsep’s coinage, copper Nim Fulus or Eighth-Anna in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yr 22 [December 1780-April 1781], shah alam badshah 1195 [Shah Alam emperor 1195], rev. sanah 22 julus [in the 22nd year of his reign], two stars below widely spaced, small flan, 17.5mm, 4.23g/6h (Prid. 198 var. [not in Sale]; Stevens –; KM. 123). On an unusually small flan but carefully and centrally struck, of full weight, extremely fine with original colour and quite possibly a trial piece, very rare [certified by NGC with incorrect size of 18.3mm, graded MS 64 RB] £150-£200 --- Provenance: SNC (London) February 1981 (1266), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta mint: Prinsep’s coinage, copper Proof or Specimen Nim Fulus or Eighth-Anna in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yr 22 [December 1780-April 1781], shah alam badshah 1195 [Shah Alam emperor 1195], rev. sanah 22 julus [in the 22nd year of his reign], two stars below evenly spaced, large flan, edge plain, 21mm, 3.85g/6h (Prid. 199 [Sale, lot 628]; Stevens 3.26; KM. A122). Virtually as struck with diffused original colour, exceptionally rare [certified and graded NGC SP 66 BN] £900-£1,200 --- Provenance: SNC (London) April 1980 (3135), ticket F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 628, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta mint: Prinsep’s coinage, copper Pao Fulus or Sixteenth-Annas (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yr 22 [December 1780-April 1781], shah alam badshah 1195 [Shah Alam emperor 1195], revs. sanah 22 julus [in the 22nd year of his reign], two stars below evenly spaced, large flans, 15.8mm (2), 2.00g/6h, 1.92g/6h (Prid. 200 [Sale, lot 626]; Stevens 3.27; KM. 120); similar, small flan, 14.5mm, 1.90g/6h (Prid. 201 [Sale, lot 626]; Stevens 3.28; KM. A120) [3]. About extremely fine and better, a well-struck group £90-£120 --- Provenance: First SNC (London) November 1980 (9448), ticket Second SNC (London) February 1981 (1267), ticket Third bt J. Whitmore (Upper Colwall, UK) May 1980. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, silver Rupee, in the name of Muhammad Shah (1131-61h/1719-48), Chinapatan, 11[—]h, yr 18 [1736/7], sikka mubarak badshah ghazi muhammad shah [The auspicious coin of the victorious Emperor Muhammad Shah], rev. zarb chinapatan sanat 18 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Chinapatan in the 18th year of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/3h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 2.42, this coin cited; KM. G302 [date not listed]). Test mark on obverse and punchmark on reverse, otherwise about very fine, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC AU Details: Shroff Marked] £100-£150 --- Provenance: Robert Senior (Glastonbury, UK) FPL 5, November 1984 (591). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Pulta mint: Prinsep’s coinage, copper Proof or Specimen Pao Fulus or Sixteenth-Anna in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yr 22 [December 1780-April 1781], shah alam badshah 1195 [Shah Alam emperor 1195], rev. sanah 22 julus [in the 22nd year of his reign], two stars below evenly spaced, large flan, edge plain, 16.4mm, 1.90g/6h (Prid. 202 [not in Sale]; Stevens 3.29; Stevens website image 1540, this coin; KM. 120). Practically as struck with much original colour, exceptionally rare [certified and graded NGC SP 61 BN] £600-£800 --- Provenance: D. Fore Collection, Part II, Baldwin Auction 82 (London), 31 May 2013, lot 861, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Third milled issue, copper Proof Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen regnal yr 37 [1829], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], edge plain, 25.9mm, 6.51g/12h (Prid. 208 [Sale, lot 630]; Stevens 6.29; KM. 56). Trifling carbon specks, otherwise brilliant and virtually as struck, extremely rare £600-£800 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction, 18-19 October 1982, lot 630 (part) [in collection by July 1970], ticket SNC (London) June 1984 (3831), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, copper Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen regnal yr 37 [1831], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], 6.78g/12h (Prid. 209 [Sale, lot 631]; Stevens 9.26; KM. 57). Extremely fine with considerable original colour £50-£70 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore (Taunton, UK) Collection SNC (London) February 1982 (792), ticket. Owner’s ticket. These were the first coins issued from the new Calcutta mint

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, red-brown vulcanite ‘Trial’ Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen regnal yr 37 [1831], unsigned, sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], edge plain, 21mm, 2.00g/8h (Prid. 209 note, this piece; Stevens –; KM. –). Dark fibre, very fine and probably unique £300-£400 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3315), ticket. Owner’s ticket. This intriguing piece poses many questions, not least about its physical content, which is unlikely to have had use in a numismatic context before c. 1890. Dick Ford showed it to Fred Pridmore who noted it in his book, but in later discussions with Pridmore about the coin the cataloguer was left in no doubt that he considered it a fabrication

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, copper Proof Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen regnal yr 37 [1831], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ek pai sikka/yek pai sikka/ek pai sikka [one pai sikka], edge plain, 6.49g/12h (Prid. 210 [Sale, lot 631]; Stevens 9.27; Stevens website image 1493, first coin illustrated; KM. 57). Raised parts of the design lightly toned, fields brilliant and virtually as struck, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63 RB] £500-£700 --- Provenance: D. Fore Collection, Part II, Baldwin Auction 82 (London), 31 May 2013, lot 874, recté 1831 and Stevens 9.27. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Second milled issue, copper Half-Pice (5), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen regnal yr 37 [1796], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], revs. ad pai sikka/nim pai sikka/adha pai sikka [half pai sikka], different positionals of legend, 25.6mm, 4.24g/12h, 23mm, 4.17g/12h, 22.9mm, 4.48g/12h, 22.5mm (2), 4.20g/12h, 4.15g/12h (Prid. 212 [Sale, lot 629]; Stevens 4.31; KM. 50) [5]. Second extremely fine, last nearly so, both with vestiges of original colour, first fine, others very fine but fourth with some surface verdigris £80-£100 --- Provenance: Third SNC (London) November 1980 (9454), ticket Others E. Wodak (Melbourne) Collection; C.E. Pitchfork Collection, Part III, Noble Numismatics Auction 48 (Melbourne), 11-13 July 1995, lot 2142 (part) [acquired c. 1970-1]; R.A. Climpson Collection, Noble Numismatics Auction 85B (Melbourne), 25 July 2007, lot 2154 (part). Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, silver Quarter-Rupee, in the name of Farrukh-Siyar (1124-31h/1713-19), Chinapatan, 1128h, yr 5 [1716/17], sikka zad az fazl hagg bar sim wa zar badshah bahar wa bar farrukh-siyar [Struck money of gold and silver by the grace of God Emperor of sea and land Farrukh-Siyar], rev. zarb chinapatan sanat 5 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Chinapatan in the 5th year of tranquil prosperity], 2.87g/10h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 2.28, this coin cited; KM. C302). Struck from specially-prepared dies with full impressions of legends and dates, good very fine and toned, exceptionally rare; only one other specimen noted, that on the Stevens website [certified and graded NGC AU 53] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: Baldwin/Ma/Gillio/Monetarium Auction 37 (Hong Kong), 28 August 2003, lot 527. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, copper Proof Half-Anna [1831-5], half anna above adha ana [half anna], rev. nim ana/adha ana [half anna], crescent mark in centre, edge plain, 12.94g/6h (Prid. 214 [Sale, lot 632]; Stevens 9.30; KM. 59). Has been polished and with some carbon spots, otherwise about extremely fine, rare [certified and graded NGC Proof Details: Cleaned] £300-£400 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 632 (part) [in collection by July 1970], ticket Bt Baldwin (London) July 1990, envelope. Owner’s ticket and envelope. Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 632 (part) [in collection by July 1970], ticket Bt Baldwin (London) July 1990, envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, copper Pies (2) [1831-5], one pie above ek pai [one pie], revs. ek pai/ek pai [one pie], crescent mark in centre, 2.24g/6h, 2.15g/6h (Prid. 215 [Sale, lot 632]; Stevens 9.31; KM. 58) [2]. Virtually as struck with full original colour, but second with light carbon spotting £40-£50 --- Provenance: First bt July 1979 Second P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection; SNC (London) April 1980 (3143), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Introduction of Steam, copper Proof Pie [1831-5], one pie above ek pai [one pie], rev. ek pai/ek pai [one pie], crescent mark in centre, edge plain, 2.18g/12h (Prid. 216 [Sale, lot 632]; Stevens 9.32; KM. 58). Good extremely fine and retaining much brilliance, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 62 BN] £300-£400 --- Provenance: SNC (London) November 1980 (9457), ticket. Owner’s ticket

The finest early Mohur of Muhammadabad Benares struck under the auspices of the EIC in private hands East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1192h, yr 18 [1778-9], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark B, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 18 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 18th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.89g/10h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.2; Stevens website image 1625, same dies; KM. 13; F 1534). Small test mark on obverse at lower left, otherwise extremely fine and well-struck, retaining original brilliance, exceptionally rare, perhaps only one other known of this early date £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: Bt in London June 1984. Owner’s ticket and envelope. The Company first acquired Benares (present day Lucknow, or Varanasi) in 1764, but it was not until 1775 that it took more permanent possession. Responsibility for the currency, which had been reformed in 1767, was given to the rajah, Chait Singh (†1810) in 1776 (year 17). Production of gold coins was intermittent, but silver was struck in large quantities in each year down to 1805, although the last few years were marred by an internal investigation into corruption and malpractices by the darogahs (officials). These were unproven by the Calcutta Council, but control of the mint eventually passed to Dr Thomas Yeld, who enjoyed a lengthy career as mint master until the Benares mint closed in 1829

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1201h, yrs 17/29 [January-October 1787], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 29 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 29th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.92g/3h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.14; KM. 31; F 1534). Brilliant and practically as struck with considerable mint bloom, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 65] £1,000-£1,200 --- Provenance: Bt in London February 1985. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1202h, yrs 17/29 [October 1787-January 1788], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 29 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 29th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.83g/11h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.15; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise extremely fine and brilliant, rare £700-£900 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1202h, yr 30 [January-October 1788], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 30 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 30th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.90g/1h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.16; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on obverse edges at 12 and 6 o’clock, otherwise good extremely fine, retaining much brilliance, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1202h, yr 31 [1789], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 31 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 31st year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.84g/4h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.17; KM. 31 [date not listed]; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise good extremely fine and with a complete date, retaining much brillance, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1203h, yr 31 [January-September 1789], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 31 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 31st year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.85g/1h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.18; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise good extremely fine, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1204h, yr 32 [December 1789-September 1790], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 32 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 32nd year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.84g/8h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.20; KM. 31; F 1534). Traces of mounting on edge, otherwise good extremely fine, retaining much brilliance, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London 2002. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1209h, yr 36 [July-November 1794], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 36 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 36th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.82g/11h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.21; KM. 31 [date not listed]; F 1534). Two shroff marks on edge, otherwise extremely fine with a clear date, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 62] £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London March 1986. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1209h, yr 37 [November 1794-July 1795], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 37 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 37th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 10.82g/6h (Prid. 217 [Sale, lot 633]; Stevens 7.22; KM. 31; F 1534). Shroff mark on edge, otherwise extremely fine with a clear date, rare £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: Bt in London June 1984. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1195h, yrs 17/22 [December 1780-April 1781], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 22 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 22nd year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/2h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.37, this coin cited; KM. 40.1). Small edge cut on reverse at 8 o’clock, otherwise extremely fine with attractive light grey tone, very rare £140-£180 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 31 (London), 14-15 October 2002, lot 720. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1200h, yrs 17/27 [November 1785-February 1786], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark F, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 27 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 27th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.22g/3h (cf. Prid. 231 [not in Sale]; cf. Stevens 7.48; Stevens website image 1651, different dies; KM. 40.1). Minor deposit, otherwise good very fine, very rare of this darogah mark and with a clear date £100-£150 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1207h, yrs 17/34 [August-November 1792], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 34 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 34th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.30g/10h (Prid. 243 [Sale, lot 636]; Stevens 7.64; KM. 40.1); 1207h, yrs 17/35 [November 1792-August 1793], similar, 11.35g/5h (Prid. 244 [Sale, lot 636]; Stevens 7.65; KM. 40.1); 1208h, yrs 17/35 [August-November 1793], similar, 11.05g/8h (Prid. 246 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.67; KM. 40.1) [3]. First about extremely fine and toned, second very fine, last fine and with shroff marks £50-£70 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1982 Second P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection; SNC (London) April 1980 (3145), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1210h, yrs 17/38 [October 1795-July 1796], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 38 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 38th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.33g/4h (Prid. 251 [Sale, lot 636]; Stevens 7.72; KM. 40.1); 1211h, yrs 17/38 [July-October 1796], similar, 11.31g/6h (Prid. 252 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.73; KM. 40.1); 1211h, yrs 17/39 [October 1796-June 1797], similar, 11.29g/3h (Prid. 253 [Sale, lot 637]; Stevens 7.74; KM. 40.1) [3]. First about extremely fine and toned but with a test mark in obverse edge, others about very fine £50-£70 --- Provenance: Third SNC (London) April 1980 (3146), ticket; F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London) 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1212h, yrs 17/39 [June-October 1797], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark D, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 39 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 39th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.26g/2h (Prid. 254 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.76; KM. 40.1); 1212h, yrs 17/40 [October 1797-June 1798], similar, 10.93g/1h (Prid. 255 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.77; KM. 40.1); 1213h, yrs 17/41 [September 1798-June 1799], similar, 11.34g/6h (Prid. 257 [Sale, lot 637]; Stevens 7.80; KM. 40.1) [3]. Second good fine, others about very fine and better £40-£60 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1982 Third F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London) 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part), ticket. Owner’s tickets

An exceptionally rare Mohur of Arkat East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, Arkat, gold Mohur in the name of ‘Alamgir II (1167-73h/1754-9), yr 6 [1759], sikka mubarak badshah ghazi aziz-al-din muhammad alamgir [The auspicious coin of the victorious Emperor ‘Alamgir, chosen of the faith of Muhammad], rev. zarb arkat sanat 6 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Arkat in the 6th year of tranquil prosperity], 10.78g/3h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 2.57, this coin; Wiggins, SNC 1993, p.4; KM. –; F –). Several test marks on edge, otherwise about extremely fine and exceptionally rare, if not unique of this date [certified and graded NGC AU Details: Shroff Marked Edge] £10,000-£15,000 --- Provenance: A Selection of Gold Coins of the Mughal Empire, Spink Auction 115 (London), 9-10 October 1996, lot 1999, envelope. Owner’s ticket and envelope. In his article ‘A new mohur of the East India Company from the Arkat Mint’, in SNC February 1993, p.4, Ken Wiggins described and illustrated the only other known mohur of ‘Alamgir II struck at Arkat, clearly dated yr 3 (Stevens 2.56). He speculated that it was struck from bullion supplied by a private individual and perhaps was not intended for circulation. ‘Alamgir II was assassinated on 29 November 1759, perhaps within a matter of weeks of the issue of this coin

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1217h, yrs 17/45 [August 1802-April 1803], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark J, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.23g/9h (Prid. 265 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.88; KM. 40.1); 1218h, yrs 17/45 [April-July 1803], similar, 11.29g/6h (Prid. 267 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.90; KM. 40.1); 1218h, yrs 17/46 [July 1803-April 1804], similar, 11.36g/6h (Prid. 268 [Sale, lot 637]; Stevens 7.91; KM. 40.1) [3]. First good very fine, second good fine, last very fine, first and last with snick in reverse edge £60-£80 --- Provenance: Third F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part) [in collection by October 1973], ticket. Second with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First and Second phases, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1219h, yrs 17/47 [July 1804-April 1805], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark J, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 47 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 47th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.35g/9h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.94; KM. 40.1); 1219h, yrs 17/47 [[July 1804-April 1805], similar, but differentiating or darogah mark L, 11.33g/10h (Prid. 271 [Sale, lot 637, recté 271]; Stevens 7.96; KM. 40.1); 1220h, yrs 17/47 [April-July 1805], similar, differentiating or darogah mark L, 11.07g/8h (Prid. 272 [Sale, lot 638]; Stevens 7.97; KM. 40.1) [3]. First good very fine, others very fine, second toned £60-£80 --- Provenance: Second F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 637 (part), recté Prid. 271, ticket Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Rupees (3), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1222h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1807-8], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (without barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.34g/10h (Prid. 276 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.102; KM. 40.1); 1223h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1808-9], similar, 11.17g/12h (Prid. 277 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.103; KM. 40.1); 1224h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1809-10], similar but fish with barbels, 11.13g/9h (Prid. 278 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.104; KM. 40.1) [3]. About very fine £40-£60 --- Third with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Rupees (4), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1225h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1810-11] (3), sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (with barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, revs. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 11.31g/12h, 11.30g/9h, 11.25g/4h (Prid. 279 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.105; KM. 40.1); 1226h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1811-12], similar, 11.28g/10h (Prid. 280 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.106; KM. 40.1 [date not listed]) [4]. Second fine, others about very fine, last rare £70-£90 --- Provenance: First SNC (London) November 1980 (9461), ticket. First and fourth with owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 12[–]h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1806-13], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (without barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 5.57g/4h (Prid. 281 [not in Sale]; cf. Stevens 7.113; KM. 37). Small edge defect on reverse, otherwise very fine and very rare [certified and graded NGC AU 53] £400-£500 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 33 (London), 6-7 May 2003, lot 1010. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1191h, frozen yr 17 [1777-8], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (with barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark A, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 17 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 17th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 2.94g/3h (Prid. 282 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.115; KM. 34.1 [date not listed]). About extremely fine, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 62] £200-£300 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 122[–]h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1810-13], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (with barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 2.69g/10h (Prid. 282 [Sale, lot 641]; Stevens 7.123; KM. 34.1). Minor deposit, otherwise very fine, rare £100-£150 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Eighth-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 12[—]h, yrs 17/48 [1805-6], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark L, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 48 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 48th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 1.40g/6h (Prid. 283 [Sale, lot 642]; Stevens 7.132, this coin cited; Stevens website image 1722, this coin; KM. 33 [date not listed]). Good very fine and toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £400-£500 --- Provenance: V.M. Brand Collection, Part IX, Sotheby Auction (London), 14 June 1985, lot 197 (part) ‘Stiller’ Collection, Baldwin Auction 47 (London), 25 September 2006, lot 844, envelope. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, silver Eighth-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 122[–]h, yrs 17/49 [1806-10], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish (without barbels) and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark N, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 1.41g/10h (Prid. 283 [Sale, lot 642]; Stevens 7.133, this coin cited; KM. 33 [date not listed]). Extremely fine and toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 64] £300-£400 --- Provenance: K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 605, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, silver Sixteenth-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1[—]h, yrs 17/27 [1785-6], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, differentiating or darogah mark E, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 27 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 27th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], 0.72g/9h (Prid. 284 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.134c [darogah mark E]; KM. 32 [date not listed]). Good very fine, extremely rare £200-£300 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, Arkat, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Alamgir II (1167-73h/1754-9), yr 5 [1758/9], sikka mubarak badshah ghazi aziz-ul-din muhammad alamgir [The auspicious coin of the victorious Emperor ‘Alamgir, chosen of the faith of Muhammad], rev. zarb arkat sanat 5 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Arkat in the 5th year of tranquil prosperity], 11.08g/4h (Prid. 139a [not in Sale]; Stevens 2.62; KM. 384). Some surface marks, good fine, rare £30-£40 --- Provenance: Stephen Album (Santa Rosa, CA) FPL 20, January 1981 (1198) Bt S. Album February 1981. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Fourth phase, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1229h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1815-20], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 5.68g/12h (Prid. 290 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.147; KM. 39). About extremely fine and partially toned, extremely rare, very few specimens known [certified and graded NGC AU 58] £1,000-£1,500 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Fourth phase, silver Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1229h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1815-20], sikka shah alam badshah ghazi [coin of Shah ‘Alam the victorious emperor], fish and sun symbols, rev. zarb banaras sanah 49 [struck at Benares in the 49th year], edge grained right, 2.77g/12h (Prid. p.253 [not traced; not in Sale]; Stevens 7.148; Fore III, 1785, same dies; KM. 35). Test marks on either side, otherwise fine, very rare £300-£400 --- Provenance: Taisei/Baldwin/Gillio Auction 28 (Singapore), 4 March 1999, lot 1001, label. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Fourth phase, silver Proof Pattern Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1229h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1815], unsigned, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], fish and sun symbols, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained left, 27mm, 11.34g/12h (Prid. 291 [Sale, lot 647]; Stevens 7.142; KM. Pn3.1). Good extremely fine with reflective fields and old cabinet tone, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 62] £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) November 1979 (10405) Bt Spink (London) March 1980, ticket. Owner’s ticket

A superb and exceptionally rare Trial or Pattern Half-Rupee, 1815 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Fourth phase, silver Trial or Proof Pattern Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1229h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1815], unsigned, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya fazl ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], outline fish symbol, rev. zarb muhammadabad banaras sanah 49 julus maimanat manus [struck at Muhammadabad Benares in the 49th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], struck from unfinished dies, edge grained left, 22mm, 5.67g/12h (Prid. 292 [Sale, lot 648]; Stevens 7.143, recté 22mm; KM. Pn2.1). A wonderful coin, brilliant FDC and attractively toned, exceptionally rare [certified and graded NGC PF 66] £3,000-£4,000 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3316), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Fourth phase, silver Trial or Proof Pattern Quarter-Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1229h, frozen yrs 17/49 [1815], unsigned, sikka shah alam badshah ghazi [coin of Shah ‘Alam the victorious emperor], outline fish symbol, rev. zarb banaras sanah 49 [struck at Benares in the 49th year], struck from unfinished dies, edge grained left, 17mm, 2.84g/12h (Prid. 293 [Sale, lot 649]; Stevens 7.144; KM. Pn1.1). Brilliant and virtually as struck, attractively toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 67] £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3317), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, copper Pice (5), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), type A/II (2), yr 17 [1775-6], fulus shah alam [money of Shah ‘Alam], fish and sun symbols, no trident, differentiating or darogah mark B, rev. zarb benares 17 [struck at Benares in year 17], 11.41g/10h (Prid. 294 [Sale, lot 650]; Stevens 7.154; KM. 15); yr 19 [1777-8], similar, 11.82g/8h (Prid. 295 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.156; KM. 15); type A/III (3), yr 27 [1785-6], similar, but differentiating or darogah mark C, 11.43g/3h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.164; KM. 15 [date not listed]); yr 28 [1786-7], similar, differentiating or darogah mark C, 11.45g/11h (Prid. 296 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.165; KM. 15); yr 28 [1786-7], similar, differentiating or darogah mark D, 11.86g/12h (Prid. 296 [Sale, lot 650]; Stevens 7.165b; KM. 15) [5]. First two fine, last very fine, others fair £50-£70 --- Provenance: First K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 650 (part), ticket Second bt Spink (London) November 1980, ticket Third K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 650 (part), ticket Fourth K. O’Brien Collection, Part II, Noble Numismatics Auction 46 (Sydney), 16-17 November 1994, lot 2422 (part); R.A. Climpson Collection, Noble Numismatics Auction 85B (Melbourne), 25 July 2007, lot 2156 (part) Fifth bt Spink (London) 1980, ticket. All except second with owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: First phase, copper Pice (5), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), type A/II, yr 19 [1777-8], fulus shah alam [money of Shah ‘Alam], fish and sun symbols, no trident, differentiating or darogah mark B, rev. zarb benares 19 [struck at Benares in year 19], 12.02g/12h (Prid. 295 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.156; KM. 15); type B/III (4), yr 45 [1802-3], similar, but with trident, differentiating or darogah mark F, 11.77g/12h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.172, this coin cited; KM. 16); yr 49 [1806-7], similar, differentiating or darogah mark G, 11.81g/9h (Prid. 298 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.174; KM. 16); others (2), similar, yrs uncertain, differentiating or darogah mark E, 11.61g/12h, uncertain mark, 11.12g/9h [5]. First three fine, others fair £50-£70 --- Provenance: Second and third K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 650 (part), tickets Others bt Spink (London), tickets. Second with owner’s ticket

Thomas Yeld’s exceptionally rare Pattern Quarter-Pice, 1806 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Second phase, copper Pattern Quarter-Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1221h, yr 48 [March-June 1806], unsigned, fulus shah alam [money of Shah ‘Alam], fish and trident symbols, no differentiating marks, rev. zarb benares 48 [struck at Benares in year 48], edge plain, 16mm, 1.91g/8h (Prid. 302 [Sale, lot 651]; Stevens 7.178; KM. Pn20). Extremely fine, dark patina with vestiges of original colour, exceptionally rare, perhaps only one other specimen in private hands [certified and graded NGC MS 62 BN] £2,000-£2,600 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 651 [in collection by August 1971], ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, Arkat, silver Rupees (2), in the name of ‘Alamgir II (1167-73h/1754-9), both yr 6 [1759+], sikka mubarak badshah ghazi aziz-ul-din muhammad alamgir [The auspicious coin of the victorious emperor ‘Alamgir, chosen of the faith of Muhammad], revs. zarb arkat sanat 6 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Arkat in the 6th year of tranquil prosperity], 11.50g/10h, 11.44g/3h (Prid. 140 [Sale, lot 359]; Stevens 2.63 and Bengal 2.196; KM. 384) [2]. Very fine and toned £60-£80 --- Provenance: First SNC (London) October 1980 (8544), recté ‘Alamgir II, ticket Second bt Seaby (London) December 1984. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Coinage for Benares, copper early Proof Restrike Double-Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 37 [1807-9], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. do pai sikka/do pai sikka [two pai sikka], edge plain, 30mm, 14.56g/12h (Prid. 304, this coin illustrated [Sale, lot 653]; Stevens 7.180; KM. A55). Usual light die rust and raised flaw on reverse at 3 o’clock, otherwise brilliant and virtually as struck, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64 BN] £900-£1,200 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 653 (part) [in collection by July 1970], ticket Bt Spink (London) May 1983. Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Fred Pridmore, The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations...Part 4, India, Volume I, p.304. It is thought that these proofs were struck c. 1820-40

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Coinage for Benares, copper Half-Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 37 [1807-9], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ad pai sikka/adha pai sikka [half pai sikka], 3.23g/12h (Prid. 307 [Sale, lot 652]; Stevens 7.183; KM. A54). Good very fine with dark patina, rare [certified and graded NGC AU 53 BN] £120-£150 --- Provenance: K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 650 (part), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Calcutta Mint: Coinage for Benares, copper early Proof Restrike Half-Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 37 [1807-9], sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [in the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. ad pai sikka/adha pai sikka [half pai sikka], edge plain, 17mm, 3.62g/12h (Prid. 308 [Sale, lot 653]; Stevens 7.184; KM. A54). Usual light die rust, traces of lacquer and some minor surface marks on reverse, otherwise practically as struck, very rare £300-£400 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3318), ticket. Owner’s ticket

Thomas Yeld’s unique machine-made Pattern Trisul Pice, 1813 East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Third phase, copper Pattern Trisul Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1228h, frozen yr 49 [1813], unsigned, fulus shah alam [money of Shah ‘Alam], fish and trident symbols, rev. zarb benares sanah 49 [struck at Benares in year 49], edge plain, 22mm, 6.49g/4h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.185a, this coin illustrated; Stevens website image 1761c, this coin; Stevens, JONS 212, p.30, this coin; KM. –). A few trifling marks on obverse, otherwise practically as struck with most attractive red-brown patina, of the highest rarity, believed unique and one of the most significant coins in the entire Bengal Presidency series £4,000-£6,000 --- Provenance: P.J.E. Stevens Collection, Part III, Stephen Album Auction 25 (Santa Rosa, CA), 19-21 May 2016, lot 1404 [acquired from eBay], when certified by NGC incorrectly as a Half-Pice and graded MS 62 BN, tag. Owner’s ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the Bengal Presidency, p.363 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, ‘A new pattern pice from the Benares mint’, JONS 212, Summer 2012, p.30 Illustrated in Paul Stevens, The Coins of the English East India Company, Presidency Series: A Catalogue and Pricelist, p.119. Dr Yeld’s continued arguments in favour of striking a copper coinage at Benares from Calcutta-prepared blanks that the local population would accept continued long after the 1809 regulation authorising the striking of more copper coins at Calcutta which, the Calcutta mint committee thought, based on information supplied from Benares, were not needed. The old dump pice, last coined in 1807, remained the circulating medium as the 1807-9 coins from Calcutta were chiefly traded by the shroffs to Bihar, Patna and the lower provinces. Eventually, Yeld’s agitating resulted in minting machinery being sent from Calcutta to Benares, and it was used to strike what is presumed were a tiny number of double-pice and pice without darogah marks, which were sent by Yeld to the Board of Commissioners on 4 November 1813

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares, contemporary forgeries of copper Trisul Pice (4), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1228h, frozen yr 37 [1815-21], type 1 with thick letters, sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], revs. yek pai sikka/yek pai sikka [one pai sikka], 6.39g/12h, 6.37g/12h, 6.34g/12h, 6.19g/12h (cf. Prid. 309 [Sale, lot 654]; cf. Stevens 7.186; cf. KM. 27.2) [4]. Second good very fine with dark patina, others about very fine, two with the trisul resembling a winged bird £30-£40 --- Second with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages: Mughal style, Arkat, silver Half-Rupee in the name of ‘Alamgir II (1167-73h/1754-9), yr 6 [1759+], sikka mubarak badshah ghazi aziz-ul-din muhammad alamgir [The auspicious coin of the victorious Emperor ‘Alamgir, chosen of the faith of Muhammad], rev. zarb arkat sanat 6 julus maimanat manus [Struck at Arkat in the 6th year of tranquil prosperity], 5.75g/3h (Prid. 142 [Sale, lot 360]; Stevens 2.64; KM. 383). Good very fine and attractively toned, rare [certified and graded NGC XF 45] £150-£200 --- Provenance: Bt Baldwin (London) May 1985, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Third phase, copper Trisul Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1228h, frozen yr 37 [1827-9], mule of types 2 and 3, neater letters, sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. yek pai sikka/yek pai sikka [one pai sikka], long crossbar on trisul, 25mm, 6.02g/12h (Prid. 310 var. [cf. Sale, lot 654]; Stevens 7.188 var.; cf. KM. 30) [5]. Struck slightly off-centre, traces of undertype visible, light verdigris on obverse edge at 3 o’clock, otherwise very fine, rare £60-£80 --- Provenance: K. O’Brien Collection, Part II, Noble Numismatics Auction 46 (Sydney), 16-17 November 1994, lot 2422 (part) R.A. Climpson Collection, Noble Numismatics Auction 85B (Melbourne), 25 July 2007, lot 2156 (part). Owner’s ticket. This is a curious coin. Although there is a crossbar on the reverse trisul, it is long and low whereas on coins of Stevens type 7.190 it is usually shorter and higher. Also, this coin has the blundered Hindi legend of type 7.188 instead of the neat version found on 7.190

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Third phase, copper Trisul Pice (2), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1228h, frozen yr 37 [1827-9], type 3, sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], revs. yek pai sikka/yek pai sikka [one pai sikka], crossbar on trisul, 21mm, 6.27g/12h, 6.25g/12h (Prid. 312 [Sale, lot 654]; Stevens 7.190; KM. 30) [2]. First about extremely fine but a hint of verdigris on lower reverse, second very fine £30-£40 --- Provenance: First K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 650 (part), ticket. First with owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Benares Mint: Third phase, copper Proof Trisul Pice in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), 1228h, frozen yr 37 [1827-9], type 3, sanah julus 37 shah alam badshah [the 37th year of the emperor Shah ‘Alam], rev. yek pai sikka/yek pai sikka [one pai sikka], crossbar on trisul, edge plain, 24mm, 6.45g/12h (Prid. 313 [not in Sale]; Stevens 7.191; KM. 30). Brilliant and practically as struck, extremely rare, very few specimens known [certified and graded NGC SP 64 BN] £1,000-£1,500 --- Provenance: Bt A. Szego (Jackson Heights, NY) April 1981. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad Mint: Second phase, silver Rupee in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1806-19], sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], additional pellet at lower right, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edge grained right, 11.16g/12h (Prid. 314 [Sale, lot 655]; Stevens 8.105; KM. 69); silver Quarter-Rupee, similar, sikka shah alam badshah [coin of Shah ‘Alam emperor], rosette of pellets above, rev. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year], central dot in lower group of pellets, edge grained right, 2.80g/12h (Prid. 316 [Sale, lot 655]; Stevens 8.107; KM. 73) [2]. First good very fine, second about extremely fine and toned, scarce £100-£150 --- Provenance: First bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) April 1982 Second F. Pridmore (Taunton, UK) Collection; SNC February 1981 (1271), ticket. Owner’s tickets. Farrukhabad was ceded to the Company by the Nawab in June 1802, in return for an annual financial allowance. Its mint was in poor condition, so was rebuilt and coinage of silver and copper continued with until 1806 when Robert Blake senior (†1817), the former disgraced mint master at Patna, took up post and secured for it machinery that had been due to be sent to Madras. Blake, a chemist by profession, owned a significant library about minting and coining processes which was acquired by the government after his death. Between 1807 and 1810 the mint was fully mechanised. A small coinage of copper in 1816 accompanied regular silver issues, but in the wake of the Third Maratha War the Calcutta mint committee recommended closing the mint and moving coin production to Benares, once that facility became capable of producing Farrukhabad rupees. The process took several years, and it was not until April 1824 that the Farrukhabad mint closed and its equipment sent to Saugor

East India Company, Bengal Presidency, Farrukhabad: Second phase, silver Rupees (2), in the name of ‘Shah ‘Alam II (1173-1221h/1759-1806), frozen yr 45 [1817-19], struck at Calcutta, sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya faz ilah hami din muhammad shah alam badshah [defender of the religion of Muhammad, Shah ‘Alam emperor, shadow of the divine favour, put his stamp on the seven climes], inverted v at lower right, revs. zarb farruckabad sanah 45 julus maimanat manus [struck at Farrukhabad in the 45th year of his reign of tranquil prosperity], edges grained right, 11.13g/12h, 10.89g/12h (Prid. 317 [Sale, lot 656]; Stevens 6.21; KM. 69) [2]. First very fine, second fine and with multiple shroff marks on edge, both toned £60-£80 --- First with owner’s ticket