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East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, silver Double-Fanams, second issue (3), type A/II, double fanam on garter with short square buckle, unshaded, around do falam [Double fanam], upper diacritical mark, rev. irantu panam [Two fanams] in centre, renddu rukalu [Two fanams] around, Tamil legend facing outwards, 1.70g/12h (Prid. 184 [Sale, lot 381]; Stevens 3.242; KM. 350); type H/II, similar, but square buckle, upper and central diacritical marks, 1.77g/12h (Prid. 184 [Sale, lot 381]; Stevens 3.249; KM. 350); type I/I, similar, but short oval buckle, upper and central diacritical marks, Tamil legend facing inwards, 1.80g/12h (Prid. 185 [Sale, lot 381]; Stevens 3.250; KM. 350) [3]. First about fine, second very fine, third about very fine £80-£100 --- Provenance: Second P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection; SNC (London) April 1980 (3031), ticket Third K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 557 (part). Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, silver Double Fanam, second issue, type E/II, doble fanam on garter with short square buckle, unshaded, around do falam [Double fanam], upper diacritical mark, rev. irantu panam [Two fanams] in centre, renddu rukalu [Two fanams] around, Tamil legend facing outwards, 1.81g/12h (Prid. 184 var. [not in Sale]; Stevens 3.246; cf. KM. 350). About very fine and dark-toned, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC VF 30] £150-£200 --- Provenance: SNC (London) June 1984 (3766). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages, copper Dudu or 10 Cash, first issue, 1722, balemark incorporating cce, rev. date between wavy lines, 7.77g/1h (Prid. 32 [Sale, lot 354]; Stevens 1.37; KM. 291). Good very fine £70-£90 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October, 1982, lot 354 (part), ticket Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, silver Fanams, second issue (3), type A (2), fanam on garter with oval buckle, around falam [Fanam], with diacritical mark, revs. ruka [Fanam] in centre, panam [Fanam] around, 0.94g/12h, 0.88g/12h (Prid. 188 [Sale, lot 382]; Stevens 3.268; KM. 349); type D, similar, but circular buckle, no diacritical mark, very small design features, 0.88g/12h (Prid. 189 [Sale, lot 382]; Stevens 3.271; KM. 349) [3]. First good very fine, second about very fine, both toned, last good fine £60-£80 --- Provenance: First bt Seaby (London) April 1980, ticket Second K. Wiggins Collection, Baldwin Auction 25 (London), 8 May 2001, lot 557 (part) Third Robert Senior (Glastonbury, UK) FPL 4, Winter 1982 (267); bt R.C. Senior February 1983. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages, copper Dudus or 10 Cash, first issue (2), 1739, balemark incorporating cce, rev. date between wavy lines, 8.26g/3h (Prid. 37 [Sale, lot 354]; Stevens 1.42; KM. 291), 1744, similar, 8.27g/4h (Prid. 39 [Sale, lot 354]; Stevens 1.44; KM. 291) [2]. Very fine and extremely rare, first the only specimen in private hands recorded by Snartt, second no specimens recorded by Snartt but one on the Stevens website £90-£120 --- Provenance: First F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October, 1982, lot 354 (part), ticket Second bt A. Szego (Jackson Heights, NY) April 1981. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper 20 Cash, 1803, heavy issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, 11.98g/6h (Prid. 190 [Sale, lot 384]; Stevens 5.110; KM. 321). Extremely fine, a hint of original colour £60-£80 --- Provenance: Bt R. Weir (Unionville, ONT) August 1998. Owner’s ticket. The English entrepreneur Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) received his first coining order from the Company in 1786. Once his Birmingham manufactory had been established, Boulton’s coins were sent to St Botolph’s Wharf in London and thence shipped to the Far East on the Company’s vessels. Robert Wissett (1750-1820), the Company’s secretary who was Boulton’s chief contact, had enquired about the possibility of a coinage contract for Madras at the turn of the century, but Boulton’s full order book meant that it was another two years before such an order could be considered. Sir Charles Wilkins (1749-1836), the Company’s librarian and a noted linguist, designed the coins, the dies for which were engraved by the sculptor John Phillp (1778-1815), an employee of Boulton. The three larger denominations were struck first, the initial order arriving at St Botolph’s Wharf in early November 1802; the tiny Cash coin was problematic to make and it was not until January 1803 that Boulton devised a way of manufacturing them, but ultimately almost half of the entire order, which amounted to a total of 37,936,000 copper coins across the four denominations, comprised these single Cash. A second order of coins for Madras was first mooted in September 1807, but delays caused by the decision as to whether Boulton or the Company would provide the copper for them meant that coining did not commence until late in 1807 and continued until February 1808. Subsequently two further batches of coins were struck, in June-July 1808 and December 1808 to June 1809, and it is these that are almost certainly of the lighter weight standard; in all a total of 86,515,000 1808-dated copper coins were struck. A large percentage of the light issue was lost in the sinking of the Admiral Gardner, a Company ship, on her sixth voyage to the East, on the Goodwin Sands on 25 January 1809. Currency coins dated 1803 and 1808 are common in low grades but difficult to find in EF or better condition as they saw a wide contemporary circulation

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof 20 Cash, 1803, heavy issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 12.25g/6h (Prid. 191 [Sale, lot 385]; Stevens 5.111; KM. 321). Very light carbon specks, otherwise about as struck [certified and graded NGC PF 63 BN] £400-£500 --- Provenance: Bt in London. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, gilt-copper Proof 20 Cash, 1803, heavy issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 12.14g/6h (Prid. 192 [Sale, lot 386]; Stevens 5.113; KM. 321b). Brilliant and virtually as struck, rare [certified and graded NGC PF 65 Cameo] £700-£900 --- Provenance: P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection SNC (London) April 1980 (3040), ticket. Owner’s ticket

An exceptionally rare Madras/Bombay mule East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof 20 Cash, 1804, muled with the obv. of a Bombay Presidency Double-Pice, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 12.86g/12h (Prid. 192a [Sale, lot 387]; Stevens 5.114; KM. Bombay 207). Brilliant and virtually as struck, exceptionally rare; perhaps no more than five specimens known [certified and graded NGC PF 63 BN] £2,000-£3,000 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3308), ticket. Two owner’s tickets, one inscribed ‘the best of 3 specimens seen’, and envelope

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, silver Proof 20 Cash, 1808, heavy issue, unaltered date, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 10.75g/6h (Prid. 196 [not in Sale]; Stevens 5.118; cf. KM. 321). Spot on y of company, otherwise brilliant and virtually as struck, exceptionally rare; only one specimen in Snartt’s survey (BM) and believed only one other [David Fore’s] offered at auction in 40 years [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £4,000-£5,000 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 45 (London), 3 May 2006, lot 1446, ticket. Owner’s ticket and envelope, former inscribed ‘only specimen noted’

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, brass Trial 20 Cash, 1808/7, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 8.86g/6h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; cf. Stevens 5.121; KM. 321). Obverse fair, reverse fine, very rare £80-£100 --- Provenance: Bt A. Szego (Jackson Heights, NY) March 1980. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper 20 Cash, 1808/7, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, 9.61g/6h (Prid. 197 [Sale, lot 391]; Stevens 5.121; KM. 321). Extremely fine with much original colour, attractive [certified and graded NGC MS 65 BN] £100-£150 --- Provenance: Robert Senior (Glastonbury, UK) FPL 4, Winter 1982 (268) Bt R.C. Senior February 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof 20 Cash, 1808, light issue, unaltered date, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 9.39g/6h (Prid. 198 [Sale, lot 391]; Stevens 5.122; KM. 321). Good extremely fine [certified and graded NGC PF 63 BN] £300-£400 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8566). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof 20 Cash, 1808, light issue, unaltered date, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 9.59g/12h (Prid. 198 [not in Sale]; Stevens 5.123; KM. 321). Brilliant FDC, a stunning coin and very rare with this die-axis; in original metal shells [certified and graded NGC PF 65 BN] £600-£800 --- Provenance: P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection SNC (London) April 1980 (3042), recté Prid. 198, ticket. Owner’s two tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, gilt-copper Proof 20 Cash, 1808, light issue, unaltered date, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. bist kas chahar falus ast [Twenty cash make four falus], xx . cash in exergue, edge plain, 9.14g/6h (Prid. – [Sale, lot 392]; Stevens 5.124; KM. 321b). Some light rubbing to noses of animals, otherwise brilliant, almost as struck, extremely rare; only three specimens noted in Snartt’s survey [certified and graded NGC PF 63] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 392 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) February 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages, copper Dudu or 10 Cash, first issue, 1748, Fort St David, balemark incorporating cce, rev. date between wavy lines, 8.51g/11h (Prid. 41 [Sale, lot 354]; Stevens 5.4; KM. 291). Very fine and very rare; only one specimen (the following lot) recorded by Snartt, three depicted on the Stevens website £80-£100 --- Provenance: Bt A. Szego (Jackson Heights, NY) April 1981. Owner’s ticket. Struck during the French occupation of Madras

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper 10 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, 6.28g/6h (Prid. 199 [Sale, lot 384]; Stevens 5.126; KM. 319); copper 5 Cash, 1803, similar, obv. with large letters, rev. panj kas yek falus ast [Five cash make one falus], v. cash in exergue, 3.20g/6h (Prid. 208; Stevens 5.139; KM. 316); copper Cash, rampant lion left, date below, rev. kas [Cash], i. cash in exergue, 0.63g/6h (Prid. 212; Stevens 5.148; KM. 315) [3]. First very fine, others about extremely fine, all with dark patina £40-£50 --- Provenance: First SNC (London) October 1980 (8567), ticket Others bt A. Szego (Jackson Heights, NY) January 1980. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper Proof 10 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 6.19g/6h (Prid. 200 [Sale, lot 385]; Stevens 5.127; KM. 319). Reverse slightly dulled and a few light spots, otherwise good extremely fine with sharp rims, retaining much brilliance [certified and graded NGC PF 63 BN] £200-£300 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8568), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper Proof 10 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 6.29g/6h (Prid. 200 [Sale, lot 385]; Stevens 5.127; KM. 319). Good extremely fine, retaining some brilliance [certified and graded NGC PF 61 BN] £150-£200 --- Provenance: SNC (London) June 1984 (3768), recté Prid. 200, two tickets. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, gilt-copper Proof 10 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 6.52g/6h (Prid. 201 [Sale, lot 386]; Stevens 5.128; cf. KM. 319). Brilliant and virtually as struck, most attractive, very rare; only two specimens noted in Snartt’s survey [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £600-£800 --- Provenance: SNC (London) December 1978 (14423). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof 10 Cash, 1803, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 4.76g/6h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 5.129; cf. KM. 319). Some light spotting, otherwise brilliant and virtually as struck, extremely rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64 BN] £400-£500 --- Provenance: SNC (London) February 1981 (1225). Owner’s ticket. In all probability the light weight of an 1803-dated proof coin of this type would suggest a coin struck either contemporaneously with the 1808 coins of this weight standard in 1808-9, or, more likely, a restrike made c. 1830, as suggested by Peter Snartt for a parallel coin in the E.I.C. Sumatra series (’An unusual E.I.C. coin of Sumatra’, SNC July-August 1978, p.361)

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper 10 Cash, 1808, heavy issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, 6.85g/6h (Prid. 202 [not in Sale]; Stevens 5.130; KM. 319). Spot by a of india, otherwise extremely fine with rich brown patina, very rare of this weight standard [certified by NGC and graded MS 63 BN] £100-£150 --- Owner’s ticket, stating ‘currency coin this good almost impossible to get’

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, silver Proof 10 Cash, 1808, heavy issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 6.91g/6h (Prid. 205 [not in Sale]; Stevens 5.133; KM. 319a). Obverse slightly double-struck and a small area of discolouration by hind leg of right-side supporter, otherwise brilliant and superbly toned, exceptionally rare; perhaps only two others known, one of which was the single coin recorded by Snartt in his survey (BM) [certified and graded NGC PF 64] £3,000-£4,000 --- Provenance: Baldwin Auction 45 (London), 3 May 2006, lot 1448. Owner’s ticket and envelope

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper 10 Cash, 1808, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, 4.85g/6h (Prid. 206 [Sale, lot 391]; Stevens 5.135; KM. 320). Extremely fine, considerable original colour £80-£100 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8570), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper Proof 10 Cash, 1808, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 4.73g/6h (Prid. 207 [Sale, lot 391]; Stevens 5.136; KM. 320). Brilliant FDC, toned [certified and graded NGC PF 65 BN] £200-£260 --- Provenance: SNC (London) February 1982 (739), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof 10 Cash, 1808, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 4.87g/12h (Prid. 207 var. [Sale, lot 391]; Stevens 5.134; KM. 320). Brilliant and practically as struck, sharp rims, extremely rare with this die-axis [certified and graded NGC PF 65 BN] £300-£400 --- Provenance: P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection SNC (London) April 1980 (3047), ticket, recté Prid. 207 var.

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages, copper Dudu or 10 Cash, first issue, 1748, Fort St David, balemark incorporating cce, rev. date between wavy lines, 8.44g/12h (Prid. 41 [Sale, lot 354]; Stevens 5.4; KM. 291). Good fine and very rare; the only specimen recorded by Snartt, three depicted on the Stevens website £60-£80 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October, 1982, lot 354 (part), ticket. Owner’s ticket. Struck during the French occupation of Madras

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof 10 Cash, 1808, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 4.88g/12h (Prid. 207 var. [Sale, lot 391]; Stevens 5.134; KM. 320). Spot in centre of reverse, otherwise good extremely fine with sharp rims, extremely rare with this die-axis [certified and graded NGC PF 64 BN] £200-£300 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, gilt-copper Proof 10 Cash, 1808, light issue, arms and supporters, east india company above, date below, rev. dah kas do falus ast [Ten cash make two falus], x . cash in exergue, edge plain, 4.76g/6h (Prid. – [Sale, lot 392]; Stevens 5.138, this coin cited; cf. KM. 320). Brilliant and practically as struck, extremely rare; only four examples noted in Snartt’s survey [certified and graded NGC PF 64 Cameo] £800-£1,000 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 392 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) February 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper 5 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above in small letters, date below, spear points to n in india, rev. panj kas yek falus ast [Five cash make one falus], v. cash in exergue, 3.13g/6h (Prid. 208a [Sale, lot 384]; Stevens 5.140; KM. 317). Brilliant and practically as struck with full original colour, an exceptional specimen, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 64+ RB] £140-£180 --- Provenance: R.J. Ford (Detroit, MI) Collection SNC (London) April 1982 (3309), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper 5 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above in small letters, date below, spear points to n in india, rev. panj kas yek falus ast [Five cash make one falus], v. cash in exergue, 3.21g/6h (Prid. 208a [Sale, lot 384]; Stevens 5.140; KM. 317). Extremely fine with considerable original colour, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 65 RB] £100-£150 --- Provenance: J. Gartner (Melbourne) Collection C.E. Pitchfork Collection, Part III, Noble Numismatics Auction 48 (Melbourne), 11-13 July 1995, lot 2019, recté a currency coin R.A. Climpson Collection, Noble Numismatics Auction 85B (Melbourne), 25 July 2007, lot 2018, recté a currency coin. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper Proof 5 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above in large letters, date below, spear points between n and d in india, rev. panj kas yek falus ast [Five cash make one falus], v. cash in exergue, edge plain, 3.46g/6h (Prid. 209 [Sale, lot 388]; Stevens 5.143, this coin cited; cf. KM. 316). Slightly double-struck on a large (22.5mm) flan, die breaks on reverse, otherwise extremely fine with original colour, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 63 BN] £200-£260 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 388 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) February 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper Proof 5 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above in large letters, date below, spear points between n and d in india, rev. panj kas yek falus ast [Five cash make one falus], v. cash in exergue, edge plain, 4.22g/6h (Prid. 209 [Sale, lot 388]; Stevens 5.143, this coin cited; cf. KM. 316). On a normal-size but heavy flan, extremely fine with a hint of original colour and sharp rims, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 64 BN] £200-£260 --- Provenance: Bt Format (Birmingham, UK) September 1997. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, gilt-copper Proof 5 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above in large letters, date below, spear points between n and d in india, rev. panj kas yek falus ast [Five cash make one falus], v. cash in exergue, edge plain, 3.30g/6h (Prid. 210 [Sale, lot 386]; Stevens 5.144; cf. KM. 316). Minor spotting, otherwise brilliant and practically as struck, rare; only four specimens noted in Snartt’s survey [certified and graded NGC PF 64 Cameo] £400-£500 --- Provenance: Bt H. Kaslove (Ottawa, ONT) June 1982. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, silver Proof 5 Cash, 1803, arms and supporters, east india company above in large letters, date below, spear points between n and d in india, rev. panj kas yek falus ast [Five cash make one falus], v. cash in exergue, edge plain, 4.82g/6h (Prid. 211 [Sale, lot 388]; Stevens 5.145; KM. 318a). Extremely fine and toned, extremely rare; only one specimen (BM) noted in Snartt’s survey [certified and graded NGC PF 62] £1,500-£2,000 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 388 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) February 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, copper Cash, rampant lion left, date below, rev. kas [Cash], i. cash in exergue, 0.81g/12h (Prid. 212; Stevens 5.147; KM. 315). Good extremely fine, rare with this die-axis £60-£80 --- Provenance: SNC (London) December 1979 (11557), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, bronzed-copper Proof Cash, rampant lion left, date below, rev. kas [Cash], i. cash in exergue, edge plain, 0.66g/6h (Prid. 213; Stevens 5.149; KM. 315). Virtually as struck, rare [certified incorrectly by NGC as a currency coin, graded MS 65 BN] £100-£150 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8575), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages, copper Dudus or 10 Cash (3), second issue, 1755, balemark incorporating cce, rev. date between wavy lines, 5.81g/3h (Prid. 45 [Sale, lot 355]; Stevens 1.46; KM. 306), 1756, similar, 5.97g/4h (Prid. 46 [Sale, lot 355]; Stevens 1.47; KM. 306), 1761, similar, 5.71g/3h (Prid. 47 [Sale, lot 355]; Stevens 1.49; KM. 306) [3]. About fine, first and last rare £60-£80 --- Provenance: First Robert Senior (Glastonbury, UK) FPL 4, Winter 1982 (239); bt R.C. Senior February 1983 Second SNC (London) October 1980 (8536), ticket Third SNC (London) October 1980 (8537), ticket. Owner’s tickets

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, gilt-copper Proof Cash, rampant lion left, date below, rev. kas [Cash], i. cash in exergue, edge plain, 0.67g/6h (Prid. 214; Stevens 5.150; KM. 315b). Trifling spots, otherwise virtually as struck, rare [certified and graded NGC PF 65] £150-£200 --- Provenance: Advertised in World Coin News, 3 October 1978, p.29 Bt L.H. Collins (Waco, TX) January 1979, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, European Minting, 1803-8, Soho, silver Proof Cash, rampant lion left, date below, rev. kas [Cash], i. cash in exergue, edge plain, 0.89g/12h (Prid. 215; Stevens 5.152; KM. 315a). Extremely fine and toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC PF 63] £400-£600 --- Provenance: P. Snartt (Bristol, UK) Collection SNC (London) April 1980 (3055), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 40 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type B/I, in chahal kas ast [This is forty cash], two plain lines, xl · cash below, rev. idi nalabhai kasulu idu naipadu kasu [This is forty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by central ornament flanked by two pellets either side, first Tamil letter correct, centre letters squared, four large letters on lowest line, 19.17g/12h (Prid. 216 [Sale, lot 393]; Stevens 3.278; KM. 331.1). Good very fine and patinated, scarce [certified and graded NGC AU 55 BN] £400-£500 --- Provenance: Sir John Wheeler Collection, Baldwin Auction 22 (London), 2 May 2000, lot 29 [from Baldwin May 1996]. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 40 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type B/I, in chahal kas ast [This is forty cash], two plain lines, xl · cash below, rev. idi nalabhai kasulu idu naipadu kasu [This is forty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by central ornament flanked by two pellets either side, first Tamil letter correct, centre letters squared, four large letters on lowest line, 19.36g/12h (Prid. 216 [Sale, lot 393]; Stevens 3.278; KM. 331.1). About very fine, scarce [certified and graded NGC VF 35 BN] £150-£180 --- Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 40 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type A/II, in chahal kas ast [This is forty cash], single plain line, xl · cash below, rev. idi nalabhai kasulu idu naipadu kasu [This is forty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by single pellet, first Tamil letter correct, centre letters squared, four large letters on lowest line, 19.26g/12h (Prid. 217 [Sale, lot 393]; Stevens 3.276; KM. 331.1). Very fine, reverse better but with trace of verdigris below last line of inscription, patinated, rare [certified and graded NGC AU Details: Rev. Spot Removed] £300-£400 --- Provenance: Robert Senior (Glastonbury, UK) FPL 4, Winter 1982 (274) Bt R.C. Senior February 1983. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 40 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type A/–, in chahal kas ast [This is forty cash], single plain line, xl · cash below, rev. idi nalabhai kasulu idu naipadu kasu [This is forty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by three pellets, first Tamil letter correct, centre letters squared, four large letters on lowest line, 19.23g/12h (Prid. 217 var. [Sale, lot 393]; Stevens –; KM. 331.1). About very fine, very rare £200-£300 --- Provenance: Format (Birmingham, UK) FPL 18, January 1982 (435). Owner’s ticket. A coin from this rev. die is illustrated on the Stevens website as photo link 392

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 40 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type C/III, in chahal kas ast [This is forty cash], central ornament flanked by three pellets and a short line either side, xl · cash below, rev. idi nalabhai kasulu idu naipadu kasu [This is forty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first Tamil letter modified, one centre letter rounded, four large letters on lowest line, 19.36g/12h (Prid. 218 [Sale, lot 394]; Stevens 3.285; KM. 331.2). Very fine, scarce [certified and graded NGC AU 53 BN] £300-£400 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 394 (part), ticket Bt Spink (London) February 1983. Owner’s ticket

A superb Madras 40 Cash, 1807-8 East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 40 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type E/VII, in chahal kas ast [This is forty cash], central ornament flanked by five pellets and a short line either side, xl · cash and five pellets below, rev. idi nalabhai kasulu idu naipadu kasu [This is forty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first Tamil letter square, one centre letter rounded, four smaller letters on lowest line, 19.62g/12h (Prid. 219 [Sale, lot 395]; Stevens 3.290; KM. 331.3). Extremely fine and well-centred, one of the finest known coins of this denomination, very rare [certified and graded NGC MS 61 BN] £1,200-£1,500 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 395, ticket Sir John Wheeler Collection, Baldwin Auction 22 (London), 2 May 2000, lot 30. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 20 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type B/I, in bist kas ast [This is twenty cash], legend in three lines, central ornament flanked by three pellets and a short line either side, xx · cash below, rev. idi iravai kasulu idu irubadu kasu [This is twenty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, small squat letters, first and third Tamil letters correct, 10.22g/12h (Prid. 221 [Sale, lot 396]; Stevens 3.295, this coin cited; Stevens website image 405c, this coin; KM. 328). About extremely fine and well-struck, attractively patinated, rare [certified and graded NGC MS 62 BN] £600-£800 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 396 (part) K. Wilford Collection, Baldwin Argentum Auction (London), 6 June 2009, lot 77, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 20 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type B/II, in bist kas ast [This is twenty cash], legend in three lines, central ornament flanked by three pellets and a short line either side, xx · cash below, rev. idi iravai kasulu idu irubadu kasu [This is twenty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first and third Tamil letters modified, 9.57g/12h (Prid. 222 [Sale, lot 396]; Stevens 3.296; KM. 328). About very fine, patinated [certified and graded NGC XF 45 BN] £100-£150 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8578), ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Portcullis issues, Elizabeth I (1558-1603), silver Four Testerns or Half-Dollar, mm. O [1600/01], crowned arms dividing crowned e r, : elizabeth · d’· g’· ang’· fra’· et · hiber’· regina · [Elizabeth by the grace of God Queen of England France and Ireland], rev. : posvi · devm · adivtorem · mevm · [I have appointed God my helper], crowned portcullis, 13.52g/4h (Prid. 2; BCW 1E; Mitchiner 3762, this coin; Comber Sale 90 and Bohr Sale 1113, same dies; S 2607B). Good very fine and attractively toned, very rare [certified and graded NGC AU 55]£10,000-£15,000 --- Provenance: With Baldwin (London) 1974 Bt R.C. Senior (Glastonbury, UK) before 1984. Owner’s two envelopes and ticket. Literature: Illustrated in Michael Mitchiner, The World of Islam, p.445

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 20 Cash, 1807-8 issue (2), type B/II, in bist kas ast [This is twenty cash], legend in three lines, central ornament flanked by three pellets and a short line either side, xx · cash below, rev. idi iravai kasulu idu irubadu kasu [This is twenty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by single pellet, first and third Tamil letters modified, 9.17g/12h (Prid. 222 var. [Sale, lot 396]; cf. Stevens 3.296; KM. 328); type –/II, similar, but no apparent pellet between xx and cash, Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, 8.98g/12h (cf. Prid. 222 [Sale, lot 396]; Stevens –; KM. 328) [2]. Fine and better, both rare variants £120-£150 --- Provenance: First bt R. Weir (Unionville, ONT) May 1999, ticket. First with owner’s ticket, second with owner’s envelope

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 20 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type F/III, in bist kas ast [This is twenty cash], legend in two lines, central ornament flanked by four pellets and a short pointed line either side, xx · cash below, rev. idi iravai kasulu idu irubadu kasu [This is twenty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first and third Tamil letters squared, 9.57g/12h (Prid. 224 [Sale, lot 396]; Stevens 3.308; KM. 328). Very fine and patinated, very rare [certified and graded NGC XF 40 BN] £200-£260 --- Provenance: Bt Format (Birmingham, UK). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 20 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type D/III, in bist kas ast [This is twenty cash], legend in three lines, central ornament flanked by four pellets and a short line either side, xx cash in large uneven letters below, rev. idi iravai kasulu idu irubadu kasu [This is twenty cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first and third Tamil letters squared, 9.66g/12h (Prid. 224 var. [Sale, lot 396]; Stevens 3.302; KM. 328). Good very fine and patinated, very rare; only one specimen (BM) in Snartt’s survey [certified and graded NGC AU 58 BN] £300-£400 --- Provenance: T.V. Holland Collection, Part IV, Noble Numismatics Auction 62 (Sydney), 17-18 November 1999, lot 915, recté Prid. 224 var. R.A. Climpson Collection, Noble Numismatics Auction 85B (Melbourne), 25 July 2007, lot 2023, recté Prid. 224 var. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 10 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type A/I, in dah kas ast [This is ten cash], single plain line of double thickness, x · cash below, rev. idi padi kasulu idu pattu kasu [This is ten cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first Tamil letter correct, 4.84g/12h (Prid. 226 [Sale, lot 397]; Stevens 3.314, this coin cited; Stevens website image 420c, this coin; KM. 326). A trifle weak at top, otherwise extremely fine and attractively patinated, extremely rare in this condition [certified and graded NGC MS 63 BN] £500-£700 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 397 (part), ticket K. Wilford Collection, Baldwin Argentum Auction (London), 6 June 2009, lot 83, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 10 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type D/II, in dah kas ast [This is ten cash], five pellets and a short pointed line at either side, x · cash in large letters below, rev. idi padi kasulu idu pattu kasu [This is ten cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by single small pellet, first Tamil letter modified, 4.87g/12h (Prid. 228 [Sale, lot 397]; Stevens 3.323; KM. 326). About extremely fine and attractively patinated, very rare in this condition [certified and graded NGC MS 63 BN] £400-£500 --- Provenance: F. Pridmore Collection, Part II, Glendining Auction (London), 18-19 October 1982, lot 397 (part), ticket K. Wilford Collection, Baldwin Argentum Auction (London), 6 June 2009, lot 85, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 10 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type B/II, in dah kas ast [This is ten cash], double raised line, x cash in large crude letters below, rev. idi padi kasulu idu pattu kasu [This is ten cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first Tamil letter modified, 5.03g/6h (Prid. 229 var. [Sale, lot 397]; Stevens 3.318 var.; KM. 326). Good fine and patinated, very rare with this die-axis [certified and graded NGC VF 30 BN] £150-£200 --- Provenance: D. Fore Collection, Part III, Baldwin Auction 84 (London), 25-6 September 2013, lot 2023 (part). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 10 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type C/IV, in dah kas ast [This is ten cash], central ornament flanked by three pellets and a short pointed line at either side, x · cash below, rev. idi padi kasulu idu pattu kasu [This is ten cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first Tamil letter squared, 4.77g/12h (Prid. 230 [not in Sale]; Stevens 3.322; KM. 326). Some circumferential weakness, otherwise about very fine and patinated, very rare [certified and graded NGC AU 53 BN] £150-£200 --- Provenance: D. Fore Collection, Part III, Baldwin Auction 84 (London), 25-6 September 2013, lot 2023 (part). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 10 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type F/IV, in dah kas ast [This is ten cash], six pellets and a short pointed line at either side, x · cash in large letters below, rev. idi padi kasulu idu pattu kasu [This is ten cash], Tamil and Telugu legends undivided, first Tamil letter squared, 4.86g/12h (Prid. 231 [not in Sale]; Stevens 3.326; KM. 326). Very fine and patinated, rare [certified and graded NGC VF 30 BN] £100-£120 --- Provenance: Stephen Album Auction 16 (Santa Rosa, CA), 17-18 May 2013, lot 1308. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Early coinages, copper Dudu or 10 Cash, second issue, 1776, balemark incorporating cce, rev. date between wavy lines, 6.32g/7h (Prid. – [not in Sale]; Stevens 1.54, this coin; KM. 306 [date not listed]). About fine, excessively rare; believed the only known specimen £80-£100 --- Provenance: Bt Baldwin (London) July 1990, ticket. Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 10 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type E/IV, in dah kas ast [This is ten cash], five pellets and a short pointed line at either side, x cash in large letters below, rev. idi padi kasulu idu pattu kasu [This is ten cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by single pellet, first Tamil letter squared, 4.77g/12h (Prid. 231 var. [not in Sale]; Stevens 3.325; KM. 326). Good very fine, patinated [certified and graded NGC AU 53 BN] £120-£150 --- Provenance: D. Fore Collection, Part III, Baldwin Auction 84 (London), 25-6 September 2013, lot 2023 (part). Owner’s ticket

East India Company, Madras Presidency, Reformation 1807-18, Madras minting, copper 10 Cash, 1807-8 issue, type A/V, in dah kas ast [This is ten cash], single plain line, x · cash in small letters below, rev. idi padi kasulu idu pattu kasu [This is ten cash], Tamil and Telugu legends divided by single plain line of double thickness, first Tamil letter squared, 5.12g/12h (Prid. 232 [Sale, lot 397]; Stevens 3.317; KM. 326). Minor surface metal flaws on reverse, otherwise very fine and patinated [certified and graded NGC AU 53 BN] £100-£150 --- Provenance: SNC (London) October 1980 (8579), ticket. Owner’s ticket