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A Japanese boxwood netsuke,Edo period, 19th century, in the form of a tiger seated with a paw on the head of her cub, with translucent horn eyes, signed Masayoshi,4cm high Condition ReportWear from use.

A Japanese boxwood netsuke,Edo period, 18th century, in the form of a coiled snake with inset white metal and enamel eyes,5.5cm highProvenance: Max Rutherstone Ltd., London.Condition ReportExpected wear from use.

An unusual netsuke,19th century, formed from the upper jaw of a fox, black lacquered and painted red, the himotoshi to the top,6.5cm long

A carved hardwood and ivory netsuke,early 19th century, Japanese, in the form of a snail on a bamboo shoot, signed 'Deme Uman Saku',8cm longSaku means 'made by'. The Deme Uman family/studio, which spanned the 18th and 19th centuries, were renowned for their netsuke of Noh actor masks and a netsuke of this type by them is unusual.IMPORTANT NOTEThis lot contains elephant ivory material. Please be advised that several countries, including those in the EU and the USA, now prohibit the importation of ivory items unless under specific conditions. Accordingly, prospective buyers should familiarise themselves with the relevant customs regulations of their country and ensure they are able to import this item prior to bidding.This item has been registered as exempt from the UK Ivory Act 2018, on account of it being made before 3 March 1947 with less than 10% ivory by volume. Ivory declaration submission reference: 8D3ZY6GH.Condition ReportNo obvious major faults.

A carved boxwood netsuke,Edo period, 18th century, Japanese, in the form of a Shishi crouching on a rock with a flowering peony,3.5cm longCondition ReportWear from use.

Group of snuff bottle stoppersChineseincluding jade, glass and hardstone, a hardstone model ram, 5.5cm and a wood netsuke duck (16)Provenance: From the estate of Dr Oliver and Dr Jane ImpeyAt present, there is no condition report prepared for this lot, this in no way indicates a good condition, please contact the saleroom for a full condition report

Group of four carved wooden netsukesJapaneseto include two mice, a cockerel and a horse, all signed, horse 5cm high together with a turquoise resin netsuke of two frogs, 4.5cm across (5)Provenance: Mice purchased from Dominic Winter 19/05/1995At present, there is no condition report prepared for this lot, this in no way indicates a good condition, please contact the saleroom for a full condition report

Four Japanese wooden netsuke, including a single rabbit, signed 4.5cm long; two rabbits eating a carrot, 4cm; a rodent with a gourd, signed, and a duck swimming, 4.5cm.Qty: 4

Property of a Gentleman (Lots 55-80)A Japanese boxwood snake netsuke, Edo period, 18th century, carved coiled with head raised, 5cm long江戶時期十八世紀 黃楊木蛇雕像來源：紳士私人收藏Please refer to department for condition report

A wood mask netsuke shaped as a noh-mask. Carved and mounted on a base. Japan, Taishō period (1912-1926). Hoogte ca. 6,5 cm.

Trio of Chinese Netsuke and Ornaments inc Jade

A bone carved netsuke depicting faces. 4 cm diameter.

An erotic bone netsuke. 5 cm long.

An erotic bone netsuke. 4.5 cm high.

Two antique 19th century Japanese boxwood netsuke. Largest measuring 6.5cm

TAMETAKA: A RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF KIYOHIMEBy Tametaka, signed Tametaka 為隆Japan, Nagoya, late 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Kiyohime is depicted in humanoid form, rather than as a serpentine monster, standing next to a Buddhist temple bell and holding a striker in her hand, her face with a triumphantly smug expression as she succeeded in her endeavors, casually leaning against the handle of the temple bell, which is finely engraved with bosses, key-fret, floral medallions, and surmounted by a double-dragon head handle. The expression is superbly carved and imbued with Tametaka's idiosyncratic humor, the details are boldly carved, and the reddish cherry wood bears a fine, typical patina. Himotoshi through the bell and signed in partially worn ukibori characters TAMETAKA at the rim of the bell.HEIGHT 4 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear, light surface scratches.Provenance: European collection.Tametaka is the earliest recorded netsuke artist from Nagoya and is listed in the Soken Kisho, the first publication on netsuke published in 1781. He is credited with the invention of the relief-carving technique (ukibori) associated with the Nagoya school. Kiyohime appears to be a favored subject, depicted in various stages of the story and each one carved in a different manner, yet still retaining the idiosyncratic style of this celebrated artist.In this story, Kyohime fell in love with a Buddhist monk named Anchin but was rejected. In despair she pursues the monk and transforms herself into a Hannya-like demon with a snake body and horned head. The pursued Anchin hides under a temple bell. When she discovers him there, she wraps her snake body around the bell and the glow of her passion melts the metal and burns the monk hiding in the bell.Literature comparison: Compare to a closely related wood netsuke of Kiyohime by Tametaka, also signed in ukibori characters, illustrated in Coullery, Marie-Therese and Newstead, Martin S. (1977) The Baur Collection, p. 168-169, no. C 402. Compare also to another closely related wood netsuke of Kiyohime, by Tametaka, dated 1773, illustrated in Neil Davey (1974) Netsuke, p. 188, no. 567. Museum comparison:Compare to a closely related wood netsuke of Kiyohime, depicted in a similar posture as the present netsuke, by Tadatoshi, late 18th century, Nagoya, at the Walters Art Museum, accession number 61.236. Auction comparison: Compare to a closely related wood netsuke of Kiyohime by Tametaka, 18th century, at Bonhams, The Edward Wrangham Collection of Japanese Art, Part IV, 6 November 2013, London, lot 70 (sold for 8,125 GBP).

A RARE WALRUS TUSK RYUSA MANJU NETSUKE OF A SNAKE AND SKULLUnsignedJapan, Tokyo, Asakusa district, late 19th centuryCarved in openwork with a coiled snake writhing around a skull, both nestled in an old straw hat amid bamboo leaves. The natural himotoshi cleverly incorporated through the worm-eaten hat.LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear. xxProvenance: European collection.Memento mori (Latin for 'remember that you will die') is an artistic and symbolic reminder of the inevitability of death. Altogether sobering, and in some sense comforting, it's an epitaph for the masses – commoners and kings alike. Such art, which already appeared in ancient cultures, is also associated with festivals in remembrance and honor of the deceased, as held by many peoples throughout the world.This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

MASANAO: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A COILED RATBy Masanao, signed Masanao 正直Japan, Ise-Yamada, 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A finely carved wood netsuke of a rat (nezumi) tightly coiled into a ball. A genius design when considering the functionality as a netsuke, but also the uniqueness of the depiction. This model is believed to originate from the Masanao family of Ise-Yamada and was executed in different variations and sizes across members of the school/family. The details are meticulously rendered and the large beady eyes are inlaid in black wood. Natural himotoshi through one of the legs and signed within a polished reserve MASANAO.HEIGHT 3.7 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor surface wear.Provenance: Formerly the property of the Strong Museum, donated by Margaret Woodbury Strong (1897-1969), a prolific collector and founder and namesake of the museum.Auction comparison:Compare to a closely related wood netsuke of a coiled rat by Masanao, sold at Zacke, Fine Japanese and Netsuke Art, 22 June 2019, Vienna, lot 232 (sold for 6,067 EUR). Another closely related wood netsuke of a coiled rat by Masanao was sold by Bonhams, Fine Japanese and Korean Art, 15 March 2017, New York, lot 6168 (sold for 4,375 USD).

OTOMAN: A SUPERB IVORY NETSUKE OF AN ONI WITH THE ARM OF THE RASHOMON DEMONBy Matsushita Otoman, unsignedJapan, Hakata, mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved as an oni balancing on one leg and carrying the large, severed arm of the demon of Rashomon, its mouth agape with a triumphant expression, dressed in a loin cloth tied at the waist, the body and arm finely engraved with hair. Generously excavated himotoshi through the back and under the arm. The lightly stained ivory bearing a fine patina.The netsuke is unsigned, however clearly by the hand of the master carver Matsushita Otoman. The typical expression with opened mouth, staining, and incised hair is an exact match to the signed examples by Otoman. The present netsuke appears to be the only example (signed and unsigned) where the oni is standing, rather than leaning against the severed arm.HEIGHT 7 cmCondition: Very good condition, appealingly worn, few natural age cracks. Fine, unctuous, honey-yellow patina.Provenance: French private collection.The world of demons went into deep despair after Watanabe no Tsuna severed Rashomon's arm in the year 976. This event is parodied in netsuke art, as it really was only a 'drop in the ocean'.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related ivory netsuke of an oni with the severed arm of the Rashomon demon, attributed to Otoman, in Barry Davies, Netsuke Classics, no. 62 (fig. 1). Another closely related ivory netsuke, signed Otoman, was sold by the reputed London dealer Max Rutherston, former stock number MR2621 (fig. 2).Auction comparison:A closely related ivory netsuke of a lamenting oni with the severed arm of the Rashomon demon, unsigned however clearly by the hand of Otoman, was sold at Quinn's Auction Galleries, The Mang Collection of Japanese Art, 7 June 2012, Falls Church, lot 529 (sold for hammer price 12,000 USD) (fig. 3).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number 22NL306452/20).This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

RYOMIN: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF TAKARAMONO (LUCKY OBJECTS)By Ono Ryomin, signed Ryomin凌民Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved and stained as a group of takaramono including Daikoku's mallet with finely incised tassels, Hotei's treasure bag (takarabukuro), a scroll, turnips (daikon), a fan (uchiwa), and antique coins (oban), some detailed inlaid in stained horn. Asymmetrical himotoshi underneath and signed RYOMIN in an oval reserve.LENGTH 4. 3 cm, HEIGHT 2.9 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor wear.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.

TOMOTADA: A RARE AND IMPORTANT IVORY NETSUKE OF GAMA SENNIN WITH HIS TOADBy Tomotada, signed Tomotada 友忠Japan, Kyoto, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Hurtig, Bernard (1973) Masterpieces of Netsuke Art: One Thousand Favorites of Leading Collectors, p. 150, no. 604.Davey, Neil K. (1974) Netsuke: A comprehensive study based on the M.T. Hindson Collection, p. 376, no. 1129.Hurtig, Bernhard (1975) What's New at the Auctions, INCS Journal Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 43, lot 140.Hurtig, Bernhard (1980) What's New at the Auctions, INCS Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 11, lot 14.Meinertzhagen, Frederick / Lazarnick, George (1986) MCI, Part B, p. 912.Superbly and sensitively carved, more naturalistic and less angular than many of this carver's contemporaries in Kyoto, depicting a youthful Gama Sennin seated in a relaxed pose and holding his three-legged toad in one hand, the toad touching his rotund belly, the underside well carved and with one generously excavated himotoshi, the other himotoshi to the lower back next to the signature TOMOTADA within a rectangular reserve.The sennin wearing a loose-fitting robe with finely incised patterned hem and foliate designs as well as neatly rendered folds, and adorned with the characteristic leafy skirt and apron, his hair elegantly falling in strands over the back and shoulders, his face with a cheerful expression, the eyes inlaid with dark horn, the mouth agape, the toad with subtly stippled skin.LENGTH 4.3 cm, HEIGHT 4.4 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor surface wear, expected minor age cracks. Fine, smooth, warm patina.Provenance: Ex-collection J. A. Fairley. Ex-collection Mark T. Hindson. Sotheby's, 25 November 1969, London, lot 756. Ex-collection Martin S. Newstead, acquired from the above. Sotheby's, 18 November 1974, London, lot 140 (sold for 2,900 GBP). Sotheby's, 29 May 1980, London, lot 14 (sold for 7,805 GBP). Van Ham, Asiatische Kunst, 7 December 2017, Cologne, lot 2246 (sold for 10,965 EUR).Mentioned in the Soken Kisho, Tomotada is perhaps the most renowned and certainly the most copied of all netsuke artists. His models were chiefly animal subjects and depictions of human or legendary figures are rare. The Soken Kisho notes that he carved oxen and that his work was copied in his own lifetime. In his card index, Meinertzhagen wrote of this piece, “An original example of this celebrated master's work. The signature is in harmony and is characteristic. The piece can be confidently accepted as genuine by this master.”Additional Note: It has been suggested that this netsuke should be attributed to Yamaguchi Okatomo, the star pupil of Tomotada. The present lot compares favorably to an ivory netsuke of a shaggy dog, sold at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 2 November 2019, Vienna, lot 144 (sold for 15,168 EUR). Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0248).This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

AN AMUSING WOOD NETSUKE OF A MONKEY WITH PEACHUnsigned Japan, late 19th century, Meiji period (1868-1912)The monkey with its exaggeratedly long arms and legs stretched to the front forming a ring, holding a peach, the face with an amusing expression. The fur finely incised, its eyes inlaid in dark horn. Natural himotoshi through the arms and legs.HEIGHT 3.7 cmCondition: Good condition. The edge of the feet very slightly chipped.Provenance: European private collection.

AN IVORY NETSUKE OF A SHISHI BALLUnsignedJapan, Kyoto, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved as a shishi curled into a ball, clutching a brocade ball with all paws and snarling, its open mouth containing a further loose ball. The face and mane finely incised, its eyes inlaid in dark horn. Natural himotoshi through the mouth.HEIGHT 3.7 cmCondition: Excellent condition with minuscule nibbling to exposed areas, a fine age crack to the left paw.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.Auction comparison:Compare a closely related ivory netsuke of a shishi ball at Bonhams, The Harriet Szechenyi Sale of Japanese Art, 8 November, London, lot 8 (sold for 2,125 GBP).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0487). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

SHOJUSAI: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A RAT ON A CLAMBy Shojusai, signed Shojusai正壽齋Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th centuryThe rat perched on a hamaguri clam, surrounded by further shells. Its eyes inlaid and the fur neatly incised. The wood beautifully stained. Asymmetrical himotoshi underneath and signed in boldly incised characters SHOJUSAI.LENGTH 3.5 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear, a natural age crack to one himotoshi.Provenance: European collection.Auction comparison:Compare a closely related wood netsuke of a rat on a clam by Seiosai (or Seiosai), early 19th century, at Bonhams, Fine Netsuke from the Adrienne Barbanson Collection,13 May 2013, London, lot 2 (sold for 1,875 GBP).

GUY SHAW: BAKU MADONNA AND CHILDBy Guy Shaw (1951-2003), signed with the artist's initial GSEngland, c. 1998The two mythological creatures borne from flames and huddled together in a loving embrace, the young baku's trunk 'feeling' underneath the adult's ear and the adult's trunk coiling around the young, holding it close. Finely carved in lightly stained boxwood, the eyes inlaid in amber, the himotoshi between the flames, and signed underneath within a gold-inlaid plaque GS.The late Guy Shaw writes on this subject in the Netsuke Kenkyukai Study Journal, vol. 10, no.1 (Spring 1993), p. 13: “In Baku Madonna and Child I portray another private scene of the mythological baku – that of a baku mother cuddling her child. Both mother and child have been carved in an economical style for a specific reason. The problem I set myself was to capture a feeling of great tenderness and compassion between the two while at the same time expressing the essentially aggressive nature of this mythological creature. After all, baku prey upon the most terrifying of phenomena, our own deepest fears and the horrors that lurk in our subconscious. They are lapped by flames of the spirit world and bathed in the love for each other. The pose reminds me of the carvings of the Madonna and Child, hence the title, a meeting of eastern and western philosophies“. HEIGHT 5.8 cmCondition: Excellent condition.Provenance: Old Viennese private collection, purchased in 1998.Literature comparison:A similar netsuke carved from mammoth tusk is illustrated in Netsuke und Sagemono von Meistern aus Japan (1992), no. 119. Another similar netsuke carved from burr yew is illustrated in the Netsuke Kenkyukai Study Journal, vol. 10, no.1 (Spring 1993), p. 13, fig. 9.

YASUAKI: A FINE TOKYO SCHOOL IVORY NETSUKE OF A BOY IN SHISHIMAI COSTUMEBy Yasuaki (Homei), signed Yasuaki 保明 with seal Kodama 見玉Japan, Tokyo, Meiji period (1868-1912)The boy seated wearing a Shishimai costume with a large lion's head, the lower jaw hinged and openable revealing the boy's minutely carved face with jovial expression. The mask has large eyes inlaid in mother-of-pearl with dark pupils, bushy brows, large floppy ears, and a neatly carved mane which is traditionally made from strips of paper. A humorous kyogen mask is nestled into the green-stained cowl just below the jaw, looking up towards the boy. The elaborately carved robe is further embellished with patterns inlaid in amber and mother-of-pearl. Signed underneath next to the ringed himotoshi YASUAKI with a red-lacquered seal Kodama.HEIGHT 3.4 cm, LENGTH 4 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor surface wear, one tiny inlay is lost.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.The Shishimai festival was imported from China during the Tang dynasty and is celebrated during the New Year to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits.Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0476). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

HACHIGYOKU: A RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF A SCULPTOR WITH NIO STATUEBy Hachigyoku, signed Hachigyoku 八玉Japan, Edo (Tokyo), 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Boldly carved as a muscular Nio statue with one arm raised holding a thunderbolt scepter, the mouth opened with a fierce expression, the details well carved and accentuated with dark staining. When turning the netsuke, a sculptor is revealed laying across the temple guardian's body, one knee raised and armed with a hammer and chisel, the facial expression amusingly distorted as he considers his task. When examining the Nio closely, many details remain unfinished, such as the celestial scarves and the entire backside which remains flattened. Furthermore, the carver (Hachigyoku) utilizes a clever visual effect – when the netsuke is standing, the sculptor looks like part of the Nio's body. Large, generously excavated himotoshi underneath and signed HACHIGYOKU. The wood bearing a superb, unctuous patina.HEIGHT 6.3 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear. Beautiful, dark patina.Provenance: Belgian private collection.According to Ueda Reikichi, Hachigyoku was born in Edo and was a mask carver, making netsuke as a hobby, which explains his extremely limited output, with only very few examples recorded in literature. Stylistically, he appears to be close to the early Edo carvers such as Gessho and Shugetsu.Literature comparison:For another netsuke by this rare artist, depicting a human-headed snake, see Lazarnick, George (1981) Netsuke & Inro Artists, and How to Read Their Signatures, vol. I, p. 435.

MITSUYUKI: A SUPERB AND RARE IVORY MASK NETSUKE OF THE FEMALE GHOST OIWABy Mitsuyuki, signed Mitsuyuki 光之Japan, second half of 19th centuryPublished:Bushell, Raymond (1985) Netsuke Masks, p. 63, no. 261.Bushell, Raymond Netsuke (1975) Familiar & Unfamiliar, p. 145, no. 307.Bulletin Franco Japonais, no. 143, Masques Extraordinaires, January 2020, p. 20, no. 33.Finely carved and stained to depict the female ghost Oiwa, recognizable by her drooping and bloody eye, her stray hairs which are falling out and the loose teeth, all effects of the poisoning by her husband Tamiya Iemon. She has a hemorrhage above her eye simulated by fine stippling and the visible eye is double-inlaid in mother-of-pearl and dark horn. The backside with himotoshi and signature MITSUYUKI.HEIGHT 4.1 cmCondition: Excellent condition.Provenance: Ex-collection Raymond Bushell sold in his sale at Sotheby's London, 21 March 2000, lot 305. Then purchased from Rosemary Bandini during the Miami Kappa Convention (International Netsuke Collector's Convention) in 2007 by European collector P. Jacquesson.Oiwa died in 1636 and even today it is believed that she haunts the place of her death as well as anyone who performs her story which was adapted into the famous kabuki play Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan (Ghost story of Yotsuya in Tokaido) in 1825. The story is a tale of betrayal, murder and ghostly revenge which features Tamiya Iemon who poisoned his loving wife Oiwa, who in turn haunted him and drove him mad.Literature comparison:For another mask netsuke by Mitsuyuki of Oiwa, though in wood, see Sagemonoya, Aji, Umami or Daigomi, 2017, no. 91.Auction comparison:Mitsuyuki was known for his extremely fine ivory mask netsuke, for another depicting a more common subject see Bonhams, The Bluette H. Kirchoff Collection of Netsuke and Sagemono, 16 September 2009, New York, lot 2133 (sold for 2,318 USD).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0521). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

A HIRADO PORCELAIN NETSUKE OF A SKULL WITH HIDDEN SHUNGA INTERIORUnsignedJapan, Meiji period (1868-1912)In the form of a skull, consisting of two parts which open to reveal an enamored couple painted in colorful enamels and gilt. Himotoshi through the base and interior of the skull.LENGTH 3.5 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor wear to the gilt, expected firing flaws.Provenance: European collection.

A SUPERB IVORY NETSUKE OF A SNAKE PREYING ON A FROG, ATTRIBUTED TO MASATSUGUAttributed to Kaigyokusai Masatsugu (1813-1892), unsignedJapan, Osaka, c. 1850, Edo period (1615-1868)The ivory finely stained and depicting a large and densely coiled snake (hebi), forming a compact composition, with very precisely and realistically rendered details – almost frightening with its mouth wide open, showing teeth and a flickering tongue, the poor frog (kaeru) crushed by its body. The eyes are inlaid in dark horn. The depiction is an allusion to the sansukumi motif, meaning 'mutual control'. The snake will consume the frog, however there is a catch – the frog has already eaten a poisonous snail, so too the snake must perish. Natural himotoshi. Unsigned, however most likely an early work by Kaigyokusai Masatsugu or by one of his followers.HEIGHT 3.9 cmCondition: Good condition with minor wear and few age cracks. One plug to a nerve channel is lost.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.Auction comparison:For a closely related example of a snake and frog by Kaigyokusai Masatsugu, signed Masatsugu, see Zacke, Fine Netsuke, Sagemono & Okimono, 24 November 2018, Vienna, lot 16 (sold for 13,904 EUR). Another closely related ivory netsuke of a snake preying on a monkey, by Kosai, was sold at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, lot 85 (sold for 6,952 EUR).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0490). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

SHUCHIKU: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A FAT TOAD ON LOTUS LEAFBy Shuchiku (Akitake), signed Shuchiku 秋竹Japan, Iwami province, c. 1800, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Bandini, Rosemary (2014) Japanese Netsuke of the Collection of Teddy Hahn, no. 41.Superbly carved as a fat toad resting with splayed legs on top of a curled up lotus leaf. The warty skin is rendered with raised ukibori pimples, and the equally well-carved underside shows ever so slightly raised radial veins on the lotus leaf. Natural himotoshi through the curved stem of the leaf and signed within a raised oval reserve SHUCHIKU. The artist appears to be unrecorded, the carving style is reminiscent of toads by Mitani Goho of the Aki province.LENGTH 4.7 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor surface wear, old chip to the edge of one foot, occasional light scratches on the underside. Superb patina.Provenance: Ex-collection Teddy Hahn, Darmstadt. Sold at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 29 October 2021, Vienna, lot 143 (sold for 4,045 EUR). Austrian private collection, acquired from the above. Auction comparison:Compare to a related wood netsuke of a toad in bamboo by Mitani Goho, sold at Bonhams, The Robert S. Huthart Collection of Iwami Netsuke Part I, 15 May 2019, London, lot 73 (sold for 31,312 GBP).

KOJU: AN AMUSING IVORY MANJU NETSUKE OF SHOKI AND ONIBy Koju (Mitsutoshi), signed Koju 光寿Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The two-part ivory manju netsuke of circular shape and finely worked in shishiaibori (sunken relief), the details stained with sumi. The front showing the demon-queller Shoki seated behind an oni, placing one hand on the little devil's shoulder and lifting a small twig to tickle it, the demon in turn tensing up with excitement, a shallow bowl with small paper strips between them. Central himotoshi to the back, the cord attachment within and signed KOJU with kakihan - a talented artist from the Hojitsu-line of manju makers.DIAMETER 4.2 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear to the sumi-stained details. Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary, purchased from Michael Strone.Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0515). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

JOZAN: A FINE TOKYO SCHOOL WOOD NETSUKE OF RAIJINBy Jozan, signed Jozan 汝山Japan, Tokyo, late 19th centuryThe thunderbolt deity seated, dynamically swinging his two drumsticks back and forth and looking upwards with an amusing expression, the eyes inlaid in dark horn. Natural himotoshi underneath Raijin's right arm and signed underneath on the loincloth within a polished reserve JOZAN.HEIGHT 3.3 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear to staining. One inlaid eye is replaced.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.

TADATOSHI: A SUPERB NAGOYA SCHOOL WOOD NETSUKE OF A NINGYO (MERMAID)By Tadatoshi, signed Tadatoshi 忠利Japan, Nagoya, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Superbly carved, clutching her tail with both hands close to her body, forming a compact composition, her long wet hair and scaly body meticulously worked. Her expression is carved with great detail, her parted lips revealing the upper row of teeth and her eyes narrowed contentedly. Large, asymmetrical himotoshi and signed underneath within a rectangular reserve in ukibori characters TADATOSHI.LENGTH 4.3 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor associated surface wear.Provenance: British private collection.Auction comparison:Compare to a closely related wood netsuke of a mermaid by Tadatoshi, sold at Lempertz, The Kolodotschko Collection of Netsuke I, 14 June 2014, Cologne, lot 91 (sold for 13,240 EUR). Another closely related wood netsuke of a ningyo by Tadatoshi was sold at Bonhams, The Julius & Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part II, 10 May 2017, London, lot 25 (sold for 10,000 GBP).

EISHIN: AN IVORY NETSUKE OF BENTEN MASSAGING A NIOBy Eishin, signed Eishin 永眞Japan, Tokyo, second half of 19th centuryFinely carved and stained as Benten giving an acupuncture massage to a Nio, her right hand resting on his shoulder blade, the left hand holding a needle, the Nio with an amusingly tense expression leaning on the short table before him. The hair and details of the kimono finely incised. Two himotoshi underneath and signed EISHIN.HEIGHT 2.9 cm, LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear, few minuscule losses to exposed areas.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.Literature comparison:Compare a related ivory netsuke of Benten hand-wrestling with Nio by Hounsai, illustrated in Meinertzhagen, Frederick / Lazarnick, George (1986) MCI, Part A, p. 201.Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0514). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

TOMOKAZU: A RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF FIVE SNAILSBy Kano Tomokazu, signed Tomokazu 友一Japan, Gifu or Nagoya, late 18th to early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Accurately observed from nature and finely carved, the surface beautifully worn, a large snail emerging from its shell, its fleshy body folded back over the top for compactness, a smaller snail crawling across its shell and three further smaller snails following suit, curling around underneath. The details are finely incised, though heavily worn, the wood bearing a stunning, deep patina. The foot of the largest snail curls underneath forming the 'natural' himotoshi. Signed within a raised reserve TOMOKAZU – likely an early work by the artist and clearly loved by several generations.LENGTH 5 cmCondition: Good, heavily worn condition. Some nicks and surface scratches here and there, as is to be expected.Provenance: French private collection.Auction comparison:Compare to a related wood netsuke of a snail emerging from its shell, by Tomokazu, sold by Bonhams, Netsuke from a European Private Collection, 8 May 2016, London, lot 62 (sold for 6,875 GBP).

ITTAN: A RARE WOOD SHUNGA MASK NETSUKE OF HYOTTOKOBy Ittan, signed Ittan 一旦 and kakihanJapan, Nagoya, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Sagemonoya, Shunga Netsuke, no. 14.A cleverly designed shunga netsuke depicting a Hyottoko mask with deeply carved and wonderfully expressive features, especially the twisted phallically-shaped mouth, the sides carved to look like the seam of a nutshell. The reverse reveals the shunga element, again carved to look like the surface of a nut, but one cannot help but notice that Ittan intended to mimic the female genitalia. In the center is the exit of the himotoshi, the entrance located to the side. The well-toned wood bearing a beautiful patina. Signed ITTAN and kakihan to one side under the himotoshi.HEIGHT 3.6 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor surface wear and a superb patina.Provenance: British private collection, purchased from Sagemonoya, Tokyo.This appears to be the only mask netsuke recorded by this celebrated Nagoya carver.

A WOOD NETSUKE OF A TANUKI NO HARA TSUZUMI, AFTER MINKOAfter Tanaka Juntoku Minko, Minko 珉江 shaJapanFinely carved as a tanuki no hara tsuzumi (belly drumming raccoon dog), the fur finely incised, its right foreleg raised, the other foreleg beating its distended stomach. The face with a jovial expression, baring sharp fangs, upwards turned snout, the eyes inlaid in gilt brass with dark pupils. Natural himotoshi through the left hind leg, signed underneath MINKO sha [copy of Minko].HEIGHT 3.4 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.The tanuki possesses magical powers and can change forms, sometimes into Buddhist monks; they are jovial, but also dangerous, as they have been known to suffocate hunters with their enormous scrotums. The act of drumming on the belly, according to legend, was used by tanuki to beguile travelers and hunters to lead them astray. However, it has also been said that tanuki would get together just for fun, drumming on their bellies under the moonlight, perhaps even with some sake involved.

A POWERFUL STAG ANTLER NETSUKE OF KAN'UUnsignedJapan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The war general standing and holding his halberd firmly in one hand, his face tilted to one side as he strokes his long beard, which sways in the wind dynamically. Carved from a branch point of the antler, much of the natural orientation dictating the shape of the carving. The reverse with large, generously excavated himotoshi. A remarkably powerful and dynamic carving with a stunning, warm patina.HEIGHT 6.9 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor surface wear.Provenance: Old Viennese private collection.Auction comparison:Compare to a related stag antler netsuke of Kan'u, possessing similar power and movement, sold at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 29 October 2021, Vienna, lot 233 (sold for 6,952 EUR).

JITSUGA: A FINE IVORY NETSUKE OF MOMOTARO WITH COMPANIONS INSIDE A PEACHBy Jitsuga, signed Jitsuga 雅真Japan, Tokyo, second half of 19th centuryDepicting a peach, carved from two parts hinged together and openable, the lustrous exterior superbly polished and with neatly carved leafage, the inside revealing a densely carved and remarkably intricate depiction. Momotaro, the 'peach boy', is preparing with his companions, the dog, pheasant and monkey, to conquer Onigashima (island of ogres). The other side of the peach is carved in relief with a cart holding a banner and supplies. Signature JITSUGA on the underside of the stem, where the natural openings for himotoshi are present.HEIGHT 3.6 cmCondition: Excellent condition.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.According to Miriam Kinsey in her book on contemporary netsuke, Jitsuga was the third master of the school of Hakumin of Edo. His style is certainly inspired by the great Osaka master Kaigyokusai Masatsugu and similar examples are attributed to or signed by members of the school of Kaiygokusai.Auction comparison:For two similar netsuke signed Kaigyokusai Masatsugu, see Bonhams, the Julius and Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part II, 10 May 2017, London, lot 28 (sold for 3,500 GBP), and Bonhams, Fine Japanese Art, 12 May 2009, London, lot 170 (sold for 3,600 GBP). Another netsuke by Jitsuga (erroneously described as Sanemasa, which is another reading for Jitsuga) was sold by Zacke, Fine Netsuke, Sagemono & Okimono, 24 November 2018, Vienna, lot 153 (sold for 3,942 EUR). Furthermore, Jitsuga also appears to have provided carving for a snuff bottle, see Bonhams, Fine Japanese Art, 12 May 2011, London, lot 268 (sold for 7,200 GBP).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0463). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF INO HAYATA SLAYING THE NUEUnsignedJapan, late 18th century to early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The legendary Heian-period warrior Ino Hayata clad in full armor and pinning down the nue, a mythological chimera having the head of monkey, the limbs of a tiger, the body of a tanuki, and a snake as a tail. The creature, already struck by arrows (one of them visible underneath), is lying on its back and viciously snarling, desperately trying to fend off the advances of the hero who is about to plunge a dagger into its side. The tail curls around the warrior's back, the end formed as a snake's head slithers its tongue across the nue's right hind paw. The underside with large, generously excavated himotoshi. The well-toned wood bearing a superb patina.HEIGHT 3.7 cm, LENGTH 4.4 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor associated surface wear. Fine patina. Provenance: German private collection, assembled before 1984.

SEIHO: A FINE CONTEMPORARY WOOD NETSUKE OF JIKOKUTEN WITH ONIBy Katsuo Azuma (Seiho, 1936-2003), signed Seiho 声方Japan, Ibaraki prefecture, c. 1990Published: Michael Spindel Ltd., An Exhibition of Contemporary Netsuke and Ojime, 1991, New York, p. 25, no. 38.Finely carved and stained, the eyes inlaid in shell. The guardian deity is shown with fierce expression, standing on an oni with both feet and plunging his sword downwards to the ground. Good himotoshi through the back and signed Seiho within a rectangular reserve.HEIGHT 8.3 cmCondition: Excellent condition, some natural flaws to the wood.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary, purchased from Michael Strone.Seiho, born as Katsuo Azuma in 1936 in Ibaraki prefecture, studied carving under the famous Hose Maguro until he turned 22. Seiho is well known for his legendary and mythological figures, animals, and religious subjects. He was a member of the International Netsuke Carvers Association and has received several awards from the Ueno Royal Museum and the Japan Art Association.Jikokuten is one of the Four Heavenly Kings (Shitenno), Lord of the East, his literal translation being 'Guardian of the Nation' (持國天).

GYOKUSEKI: AN AMUSING WOOD AND SHIBUICHI KAGAMIBUTA WITH A KAPPA CARRYING A GIANT CUCUMBERBy Gyokuseki, signed Gyokuseki 玉石 and kakihanJapan, late 19th centuryThe shibuichi disc flush-fitted into the dark wood bowl, the disc worked in takazogan with a kappa carrying a giant cucumber strapped to his back, the dimples on the cucumber inlaid in silver and the eyes of the water goblin in gold. The kappa is visibly delighted with his catch, rather amusingly ignoring the weight of the cucumber which is threatening to flatten him. Signed to the side GYOKUSEKI and kakihan. Central himotoshi to the back of the bowl, the cord attachment to the back of the disc.DIAMETER 4.4 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor expected wear.Provenance: European collection.Literature comparison:A kagamibuta netsuke depicting the same subject, by Ozawa Shuraku, is illustrated in Hurtig, Bernard (1973) Masterpieces of Netsuke Art: One Thousand Favorites of Leading Collectors, no. 990.

A RARE TSUISHU LACQUER NETSUKE WITH PEONYUnsignedJapan, late 18th to early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The egg-shaped netsuke lacquered in tsuishu (carved red lacquer), finely incised with stems issuing from the himotoshi, with peony blossoms, leaves, and buds, all against a finely incised asanoha ground. Large, asymmetrical himotoshi.LENGTH 4.1 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor smoothened chips at the himotoshi. Fine, smooth polish.Provenance: European collection.Auction comparison:Compare a related tsuishu manju netsuke with kiku blossoms, early 19th century, at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 27 March 2020, Vienna, lot 242 (sold for 2,400 EUR).

ALEXANDER DERKACHENKO: BIRTH OF A DRAGON (TATSU NO TOMAGO)By Alexander Derkachenko, signed with the artist's markUkraine, 2022From Alexander Derkachenko's “Birth” series. The dragon with neatly incised scales is nestled into an eggshell, hatching, the dragon carved from stained boxwood with double inlaid eyes and the eggshell carved from mammoth tusk. With an ojime depicting a dragon's eye, carved from stained mammoth tusk with inlays of amber. With a felted wood storage box.LENGTH 4.5 cm (netsuke), LENGTH 1.5 cm (ojime)Condition: Excellent condition.

HOGYOKU: A LARGE IVORY MANJU OF EGUCHI NO KIMI AS FUGEN BOSATSUBy Hogyoku, signed Hogyoku 法玉 saku作 with kakihanJapan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Of circular form, the two-part manju finely carved to one side in shishiaibori (sunken relief), stained and with details in sumi, depicting the courtesan seated on a recumbent elephant while reading a Buddhist scroll, beautifully coiffed, and dressed in a fine robe with elaborate floral design. The reverse with a Chinese table and censer with plumes of smoke arising from it, as well as two butterflies, and signed HOGYOKU saku with kakihan. The artist was a pupil of Meikeisai Hojitsu.DIAMETER 5.4 cmCondition: Very good condition, only very minor wear to the sumi-stained details. One small age crack to the side. Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary. An inventory number '251.' to the interior.According to legend, Kimi was a courtesan in the village of Eguchi and was so devoted to Buddhist scripture that she became the incarnation of Fugen Bosatsu (Boddhisattva Samantabhadra). The imagery satirizes the Bodhisattva Fugen (Samantabhadra), whose mount is the elephant, by replacing the deity with a beautifully coiffed modern courtesan. Such a visual pun (mitate) was an artistic trope, popular in the Edo period.Auction comparison:Compare a near identical ivory manju of Eguchi no kimi as Fugen Bosatsu by Meijitsu, second half 19th century, at Lempertz, Netsuke-Sammlung Kolodotschko II, Cologne, lot 882 (sold for 1,736 EUR).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0462). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

GEORGES WEIL: AN 18K SILVER AND GILT NETSUKE OF A WOMANBy Georges Weil (b. 1938), signed with the artist's markEngland, late 20th centuryFinely molded in katabori style in form of a seated lady, her upper body turning sideways elegantly, the long hair in gilt, tied in a low knot. Asymmetrical, gilt-rimmed himotoshi through the back, signed above the flat base WEIL and inscribed '18 KT St silver A.P.'HEIGHT 9 cmCondition: Excellent condition.Provenance: British private collection.Georges Weil was born in Vienna in 1938 and moved to England one year later. He became a famous jewelry designer and sculptor of precious metals, and his works are highly collectible to this day. Weil started collecting netsuke in the 1960s and started carving netsuke in the 1970s. His works have been featured in many exhibitions throughout the world, and are in the collections of many museums, such as the British Museum.

HOKYUDO ITSUMIN: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A SARUMAWASHI AND MONKEYBy Hokyudo Itsumin, signed Itsumin o 逸民翁 Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The sarumawashi (monkey trainer) dressed in typical attire, his robe very finely carved and decorated with various patterns, his show-monkey seated next to him, a minutely carved rope around the simian's neck. The monkey is tugging on the rope which extends in several loops into the hand of the sarumawashi, who glances over at the monkey with a surprised expression as he readies his stick to punish the monkey for its disobedience. The scene is carved with delightful charm and humor; the expressions are captured perfectly. The eyes are double inlaid in pale and dark horn. Two small himotoshi underneath and the signature within a typically shaped, raised reserve ITSUMIN o [old man Itsumin].LENGTH 4.4 cm, HEIGHT 4.2 cmCondition: Excellent condition, hardly any wear.Provenance: US private collection.Hokyudo Itsumin was a highly talented carver of netsuke and okimono who likely started his career in Nagoya, possibly as a pupil of Ittan, and later moved to Edo (Tokyo). Monkeys were a favored subject of the artist, the subject of the sarumawashi, however, is considerably rarer.

AN IVORY NETSUKE OF FUKUROKUJU WITH KARAKOUnsignedJapan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The lucky god laughing jovially, with a large beard and thick pendulous earlobes, seated and leaning against a low table, a karako climbing up over his shoulder and touching his amusingly large head. The ivory is beautifully worn with a deep-yellow and honey patina. Large himotoshi to the back and underside.HEIGHT 3.5 cmCondition: Good condition with expected age cracks and associated surface wear, some minor and old, scattered chips.Provenance: Old Viennese private collection, acquired in 1988.Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0457). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

SHINGETSU: A FINE LACQUERED MAMMOTH TUSK NETSUKE OF A PANTHERBy Fujio Muramatsu (Shingetsu, born 1934), signed Shingetsu 親月Japan, Tokyo, 20th centuryThe mammoth tusk netsuke covered in beautifully lustrous roiro lacquer, depicting a panther carved in the Kyoto style, its muscular body well carved, the long and thick tail curling up the back, one paw raised, the head slightly lowered, the glaring eyes double inlaid. Signed SHINGETSU underneath one of the superbly carved paws.LENGTH 4.8 cmCondition: Excellent condition, only very minor wear to lacquer to the exposed high points.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.Shingetsu (actual name Fujio Muramatsu) was born in 1934 in Tokyo and learned carving from his father who worked under the name Kogyoku. He studied with the master carver Shinsho Kikuchi and studied lacquer techniques with Living National Treasure, Tatsuo Kuroda. His works are usually carved from mammoth tusk, usually with either subtle staining or lacquer details. He was a member of the International Netsuke Carvers Association.

KOKOKU: A FINE INLAID WOOD NETSUKE OF A RESTING ACTORBy Kokoku, signed Kokoku 光谷Japan, Tokyo, second half of 19th centurySeated, holding a shallow bowl before him, a finely carved marine ivory Buaku mask moved to the side of his head, revealing his joyful expression, his robe of two-toned woods and embellished with various inlays of stained ivory, tortoiseshell, copper, silver, and gold depicting viny gourds and swirling designs. The hands, feet, face, and bowl are carved from ivory. Two himotoshi underneath next to the signature KOKOKU with gold square seal Kokoku. The artist belonged to the Tokoku school and along with Egawa Sokoku excelled in the use of various different materials.HEIGHT 3.5 cmCondition: Excellent condition.Provenance: Bonhams, Fine Japanese Art, 10 November 2011, London, lot 63 (sold for 1,625 GBP). Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary, acquired from the above. Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0485). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

A POWERFUL EDO SCHOOL WOOD NETSUKE OF AN ONI STEALING A STUPAUnsignedJapan, Edo (Tokyo), late 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Powerfully carved, the demon fleeing atop a cloud, fiercely holding a pagoda-shaped shrine in his hands which he has stolen from Bishamonten, who is likely in pursuit. The muscular oni has a grim expression, long finely carved hair, and is wearing a tiger-skin loincloth. The cloud, which partially engulfs the oni's feet, is finely carved with meandering swirls. Large, generously excavated himotoshi underneath. The well-toned wood bearing a fine, dark patina.HEIGHT 4.1 cm, LENGTH 4.5 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor surface wear. Fine patina.Provenance: Sotheby's, London, 12 November 1987, lot 245. British private collection, acquired from the above.

HOSEN: A FINE AND RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF A NINGYO (MERMAID) NURSING HER CHILDBy Hosen, signed Hosen 芳仙Japan, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Bandini, Rosemary (2013) In a Nutshell, A Loan Exhibition of Japanese Netsuke from European Collections, p. 58, no. 106.Depicting a reclining ningyo with finely incised long hair, gently smiling, and caressing her young against her breast with both hands, her long tail curling around and providing further support for her young, which grabs the mother's right breast, pulling it towards its mouth. Note the superbly carved scales and facial expressions. Signed underneath HOSEN, the natural himotoshi formed by the young's tail fin. The lightly stained wood bearing a fine patina.LENGTH 4.2 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor associated surface wear and some light surface scratches.Provenance: Ex-collection Teddy Hahn, Darmstadt.Ningyo are half-human, half-fish sea creatures that equate with the mermaid of Western traditions. Most likely inspired by the sighting of dugongs in the ocean, folklore transforms them into alluring females, usually depicted cradling a baby to their naked breasts as in the present example, or holding a tama, the sacred jewel of the dragon king of the sea.

IKKOSAI: A FINE IVORY NETSUKE OF THREE ONI AT SETSUBUNBy Ikkosai, signed Ikkosai 一光齋Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved and lightly stained, depicting three oni being pelted with beans during the Setsubun festival. One oni is lying on its side grabbing its head, the face distorted with pain, while another tries to shield a scrambling young oni from the onslaught of beans, which are inlaid in gilt brass throughout the carving. Natural himotoshi and signed IKKOSAI on the largest oni's loincloth.LENGTH 4 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor surface wear, fine patina.Provenance: German private collection.Setsubun is celebrated during the first day of spring, or the end of the new year in Edo period Japan, and includes the rite of oni-yarai or mame-maki, where roasted beans are thrown at oni to rid the coming year of any demons and disease-bringing spirits.This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

YASUAKI: A FINE TOKYO SCHOOL IVORY NETSUKE OF A YOUNG BOY WEARING AN EBOSHIBy Yasuaki (Homei), signed Yasuaki 保明 with seal Kodama 見玉Japan, Tokyo, late 19th century, Meiji period (1868-1912)The boy seated and holding his legs together in a charming posture, his face radiating with joy as he smiles with his mouth slightly opened, showing the upper row of teeth. He wears an amusingly large eboshi (courtly hat) and a sleeveless jacket, both dyed with polychrome pigments and embellished with inlays of green-stained bone, horn, and mother-of-pearl. Two horn-ringed himotoshi to the underside and signed YASUAKI (Homei) with an inlaid mother-of-pearl seal Kodama.HEIGHT 3.5 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear. A tiny chip to the front of the hat.Provenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary.Auction comparison:A closely related ivory netsuke of a boy by Yasuaki was sold at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 16 April 2021, Vienna, lot 242 (sold for 6,952 EUR).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0475). This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

MITSUHIRO: A FINE IVORY NETSUKE OF A CLAM SHELL WITH INLAID AOIAttributed to Ohara Mitsuhiro (1810-1875), signed Mitsuhiro 光廣 with seal Ohara大原Japan, Osaka, mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Carved from a pale piece of ivory, beautifully and lightly stained, the top of the clam inlaid in malachite and dark buffalo horn, depicting a sprig of aoi (hollyhock), the leaves finely engraved. The himotoshi lined in horn, signed in neatly incised characters MITSUHIRO and with inked square seal Ohara. A simple, yet perfectly executed design.LENGTH 4 cmCondition: Very good condition, few natural age cracks. Fine polish.Auction comparison:Compare a related ivory manju netsuke with inlays, signed Mitsuhiro with seal Ohara, at Bonhams, Fine Japanese Art, 12 November 2015, London, lot 66 (sold for 4,000 GBP).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number 22NL308337/20).This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

MORIKAWA TOEN: A RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF RANRYO-O BUGAKU MASKBy Morikawa Toen (1820-1894), signed Ranryo-o Toen 杜園Japan, Nara, second half of 19th centuryThe bugaku mask carved in the ittobori (single cut) technique, portrayed in a typical manner with suspended jaw, prominent nose, large eyes, the long bushy beard curling around to the other side, and surmounted by an elaborate dragon headdress with fierce expression. Himotoshi through the central bar in the back and inscribed “Ranryo-o” 蘭陵王 and signed TOEN.HEIGHT 6 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor surface wear.Provenance: European collection P. Jacquesson.Morikawa Toen was known for his Nara ningyo (dolls) sculptures and as a noh actor. His work was admired by the Daimyo of Tosa, the magistrate of Nara, who awarded him with names from Japanese mythology. The Imperial household also became his patrons. He received many prizes throughout his career and was later commissioned by the newly founded Tokyo Imperial Museum to make copies of ancient works of art. One of the four most handsome men in Chinese history, Prince Ranryo (in Chinese, Lanling) wore a fearsome mask to hide his face when he led his troops into battle. The dance created by his followers in honor of their brave commander was later introduced to Japan and is thought to have become part of the classical bugaku repertoire by the second half of the eighth century.

CHIKUYOSAI TOMOCHIKA: A POWERFUL WOOD NETSUKE OF A COILED DRAGONBy Chikuyosai Tomochika I, signed Tomochika 友親Japan, Edo (Tokyo), early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A remarkably strong and finely carved wood netsuke, brilliantly worked in sukashibori (openwork) as a dragon curled in tight loops and forming a compact composition with its horned head at the top, grasping a tama in its claw, the scales finely incised, the eyes inlaid in dark horn. The well-toned wood is beautifully worn, time has softened every edge, to the point one's fingers glide over its surfaces with delight. Signed underneath on an oval bridge reserve – TOMOCHIKA – the bridge also forming the natural himotoshi.LENGTH 4.4 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear. Warm, dark patina.Provenance: British private collection.Chikuyosai Tomochika, who moved to Edo and founded one of the most prolific studios, is said to have begun his carving life in Kyoto, possibly under the tutelage of Okatomo. His dragons in particular have a distinct Kyoto style.Auction comparison:Compare a closely related ivory netsuke of a coiled dragon by Chikuyosai Tomochika, at Bonhams, The Harriet Szechenyi Sale of Japanese Art, 8 November 2011, London, lot 104 (sold for 3,000 GBP).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

IKKU: A MASTERFUL CONTEMPORARY STAG ANTLER SASHI NETSUKE OF A BATBy Isamu Kasuya (Ikku, born 1949), signed Ikku 一空Japan, Tokyo, 20th centuryPublished: Michael Spindel Ltd., An Exhibition of Contemporary Netsuke and Ojime, 1991, New York, no. 16.Superbly carved from a branch of antler, much of the natural orientation dictating the shape of the carving. The use of material is masterful - the natural spongiform and ridged surfaces are reserved for the sunken areas, giving the netsuke a remarkable three-dimensional appearance. The bat springs into the air, triumphantly screeching, its wing extended, forming curls at their apex. The bony feet, wrinkly nose, and pointy ears are superbly carved. The eyes are inlaid in dark horn. Signed to reverse within a stippled, sunken reserve IKKU.HEIGHT 12.7 cmCondition: Excellent conditionProvenance: Collection Gabor Orszagh, Budapest, Hungary, purchased from Michael Strone.Ikku is widely regarded as one of the greatest contemporary netsuke carvers of the 20th century. His output is fairly limited, and he preferred to never repeat subjects. He studied under the master carver Yasafusa Saito.Literature comparison: Compare to a closely related ebony wood study of a Kamaitachi illustrated in Netsuke Kenkyukai Study Journal (Winter 1990) vol. 10, no. 4, p. 20, fig. 3.

RANTEI: A VERY RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF KADORI MYOJIN WITH NAMAZUBy Hogen Rantei, signed Rantei 蘭亭 Japan, Kyoto, late 18th to early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868) A large and compact netsuke depicting Kadori Myojin clambering atop a namazu trying to calm its movements by pressing down its head with a hyotan (double gourd), wearing only a fundoshi (loincloth), the man's legs wide apart, his muscular body finely outlined, their eyes inlaid. Generously excavated himotoshi underneath, signed in the typical manner of the artist in sosho (cursive script) RANTEI. LENGTH 6 cm Condition: Very good condition, minor surface wear, a minuscule chip to one gill. Provenance: European collection. Wood netsuke by Rantei, who earned the honorary Buddhist title of Hogen during his lifetime, are rare, his favored medium for netsuke being ivory. Furthermore, the present subject seems to be unrecorded. Legend has it that certain types of catfish (namazu) are responsible for the earthquakes that plague the islands of Japan. When aroused, these creatures would contort their bodies in such a way that gigantic tremors shook the area for miles and miles. The Shinto deity Kadori Myojin usually attempts to prevent such catastrophe with the help of his magic gourd. Literature comparison: Compare a related ivory netsuke of a man with blowfish by Rantei, note the closely related facial features, illustrated in Arakawa, Hirokazu, The Go Collection of Netsuke. Tokyo National Museum, 1983, p.84-85, no. 150.