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MASAKATSU: A RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF A CLAM DIVER RESTING ON A LARGE AWABI SHELLBy Suzuki Masakatsu, signed Masakatsu 正勝 with kakihanJapan, Yamada, Ise Province, mid to late 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Malcolm Fairley Japanese Works of Art, Netsuke from a Private European Collection Part II, no. 37.Finely carved as a diving girl (ama) dressed only in a loincloth and wearing a headband, resting on a naturalistically rendered awabi shell, a knife in her left hand. The attractively stained wood is engraved with delicate details. Natural himotoshi between the arm and the body, signed underneath MASAKATSU and kakihan.HEIGHT 4.7 cm, LENGTH 4 cmCondition: A split through the wood and with an associated restoration to the left foot. Some minor wear throughout including some surface scratches to the underside. Otherwise excellent condition.Provenance: Ex- collection Andre Lichtenberger, sold at Hotel Drouot, Paris, on 19 February 1979, lot no. 15. With Malcolm Fairley Japanese Works of Art. Dutch private collection, acquired from the above.Suzuki Masakatsu was the son of Masanao I, the founder of a remarkably prolific netsuke carving school which is active to this very day. Masakatsu's output is fairly limited as he did not enjoy good health, however he is widely regarded by scholars as the most talented of Yamada carvers and often came up with new and original designs, such as the present piece which is not a known subject from the Masanao school.

MASAKATSU: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A PIEBALD HARE WITH AMBER EYESBy Suzuki Masakatsu, signed Masakatsu 正勝Japan, Yamada, Ise Province, mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Superbly carved, of ideally compact form, depicting a seated rabbit with piebald fur achieved by clever staining, the large eyes inlaid with pure amber, the animal further detailed with long floppy ears and subtly incised and darkly stained whiskers and hairwork, the himotoshi between the left hind paw and the body, the right haunch with the signature within a polished oval reserve MASAKATSU.LENGTH 4.3 cmCondition: Good condition, appealingly worn, distinct wear to the cord channel, few light surface scratches. One tiny chip to left fore paw.Provenance: Ex-collection Paul Althier, Zurich. Sotheby's London, 6 December 1972. Douglas J.K. Wright Ltd., London, acquired from the above. Ex-collection Martin Newstead, acquired from the above. Sotheby's, 24 October 1984, London, lot 76. A noted private collection, USA, acquired from the above.Suzuki Masakatsu was the son of Masanao I, the founder of a remarkably prolific netsuke carving school which is active to this very day. Masakatsu's output is fairly limited as he did not enjoy good health, however he is widely regarded by scholars as the most talented of Yamada carvers and often came up with new and original designs or carved existing designs according to his own image and imbued with his own special character.Auction comparison:Compare to a related wood netsuke of a hare, by a member of the Masanao family, at Bonhams, Fine Japanese Art, 11 May 2017, London, lot 3 (sold for 2,250 GBP).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

MASAKAZU: A RARE YAMADA SCHOOL WOOD NETSUKE OF TWO SNAILSBy Masakazu, signed Masakazu 正一Japan, Yamada, Ise Province, 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Well carved as two snails, the smaller crawling along the larger snail's shell, both with slimy bodies naturalistically rendered with hatched incision work, the shells subtly incised and darkly stained, the larger snail's foot forming the himotoshi, the underside of its shell incised with the signature within an oblong reserve MASAKAZU.LENGTH 3.7 cmCondition: The feelers are repaired. Otherwise good condition with minor wear and few tiny nicks here and there.Literature comparison: Compare a related netsuke of three snails by Masanao, illustrated in Meinertzhagen, Frederick / Lazarnick, George (1986) MCI, Part A, p. 458.

MASANAO: A WOOD NETSUKE OF A CROUCHING TOADBy a member of the Masanao family, signed Masanao 正直Japan, Yamada, Ise Province, mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The wood finely stained, depicting a crouching toad with masterfully rendered skin achieved by large, raised warts against a minutely stippled ground. The eyes are inlays of dark horn. The underside shows the splendidly carved webbed feet and the signature MASANAO. The cord channel runs through the left foreleg.LENGTH 4.5 cmCondition: Excellent condition, only minor surface wear.Provenance: Collection Prof. Dr. Henk C. Hoogsteden, Rotterdam. Formerly in a French private collection, purchased from Galerie Yamato, Paris, 2003.

MASANAO: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A RECUMBENT BOARBy a member of the Masanao family, signed Masanao 正直Japan, Yamada, Ise Province, late 19th century to early 20th centuryFinely carved, the creature raising its head, the small inlaid tusks at the corner of the mouth showing, the eyes inlaid in dark horn, the hairwork superbly incised, and the crisply carved feet folded underneath for compactness. Natural himotoshi and signed within a polished reserve on the haunch MASANAO.LENGTH 4.2 cmCondition: Excellent condition.Auction comparison:A closely related wood netsuke of a boar by Masanao was sold at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 22 April 2022, Vienna, lot 136 (sold for 4,298 EUR).

MASASHIGE: A YAMADA SCHOOL WOOD NETSUKE OF A COILED RATBy Masashige, signed Masashige 正重Japan, Yamada, Ise Province, mid to late 19th centuryA finely carved wood netsuke of a rat (nezumi) tightly coiled into a ball. A genius design when considering the functionality as a netsuke. This model is believed to originate from the Masanao family of Ise-Yamada and was executed in different variations and sizes across members of the school/family. The details are meticulously rendered, and the large beady eyes are inlaid in dark, lustrous horn. Natural himotoshi through one of the legs and signed within a polished reserve in sosho (cursive script) MASASHIGE – a pupil from the Masanao lineage.HEIGHT 3.2 cmCondition: Excellent condition. Minor wear.Provenance: A noted private collection, USA, purchased from Norman L. Sandfield.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

KINSUI: A CONTEMPORARY WOOD NETSUKE OF A COILED RATBy Kinichi Kawase (born 1926), signed Kinsui 欽水Japan, Mie prefecture, second half of 20th centuryA finely carved and compact wood netsuke of a coiled rat grabbing its large, finely carved tail and scratching its snout and ear with its hind paws. The large eyes are inlays of dark, lustrous buffalo horn. The hairwork is superbly incised. Natural himotoshi and signed within a polished reserve KINSUI. With a wood box box from H. I. H. Princess Takamado inscribed with the artist's name.HEIGHT 3.4 cmCondition: Excellent condition.Provenance: Ex-collection H. I. H. Princess Takamado.Kinsui (real name Kinichi Kawase), an electrical engineer born in Mie prefecture, started carving netsuke in 1953. His style is distinctly that of the Masanao family hailing from the same prefecture.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

MINKO: A DARK WOOD NETSUKE OF A FAT TOADMinko lineage, signed Minko 珉江 with kakihanJapan, Tsu, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The bloated fat toad crouching in an alert position, the warty skin naturalistically rendered, the underside showing the large, webbed feet tucked underneath the body, forming a compact composition, the eyes inlaid in pale horn with dark pupils. The dark-reddish wood bearing a fine patina. Himotoshi to the side and underside, signed MINKO and kakihan.LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor surface wear. One eye is replaced.Literature comparison:A closely related wood netsuke depicting a crouching toad by Minko is illustrated in Ducros, Alain (1987) Netsuke & Sagemono 2, pp. 86-87, no. 155.

KOKEI: A WOOD NETSUKE OF A PUPPY INSIDE A DUSTPANBy Kokei, signed Kokei 虎溪Japan, Kuwana, Ise Province, 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved as a chubby puppy nestled within a dustpan, the fur neatly engraved and the expression imbued with charm and character. Two asymmetrical himotoshi underneath and signed within a polished area KOKEI.LENGTH 3.5 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear including some tiny surface nicks.Provenance: From an Austrian private collection, Vienna.

MINKO: A CHARMING EBONY WOOD NETSUKE OF A PUPPYBy Tanaka Juntoku Minko (1735-1816), signed Minko 岷江Japan, Tsu, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Well carved seated with its head raised and turned to one side, the puppy with an alert expression, the eyes inlaid with dark horn, the wood of an attractive dark tone, one haunch incised with the signature MINKO with a kakihan.LENGTH 3.7 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor expected wear and traces of use.Provenance: Ex-collection Conte Don Enrico Lucchesi Palli (1861-1924), Monarch of Campofranco. Purchased in 1889, when he accompanied his cousin Enrico (Henry), Prince of Parma, Earl of Bardi, on a tour of the world from 1887-1891. Thence by descent within the same family. Old label.Literature comparison:Compare to a similar netsuke by Minko in Barry Davies Oriental Art, The Netsuke Collection of W.G Bosshard Part 1, no. 42.Auction comparison:A similar netsuke by Minko was offered at Bonhams, The Julius and Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part II, 10 May 2017, London, lot 124 (sold for 1,875 GBP).

KOKEI: A FINE AND RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF A HAREBy Kokei, signed Kokei 虎溪Japan, Kuwana, Ise Province, 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)An attractively compact and finely carved wood netsuke of a long-eared rabbit (usagi) with its head lowered to the ground and licking its fore paws. The hairwork is neatly incised in the typical manner of the artist and the eyes are inlaid in red-painted mother-of-pearl. Natural himotoshi and signed within an oval reserve to the belly KOKEI.LENGTH 3.4 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor wear to surface and to the eyes.Provenance: Bonhams, Fine Japanese Works of Art including Selections from the Collection of Ruth and Carl Barron, 16 September 2014, New York, lot 2069. A noted private collection, USA, acquired from the above.The present subject is rarely treated by Kokei and recorded examples usually depict the hare in groups of 2 or more.Auction comparison:Compare to a related ebony netsuke of two hares, by Kokei, at Bonhams, Fine Japanese Art, 6 November 2012, London, lot 151 (sold for 5,000 GBP).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

MINKO: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A RECUMBENT HORSEBy Tanaka Juntoku Minko (1735-1816), signed Minko 岷江 with kakihanJapan, Tsu, late 18th to early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Wertheim, Stanley (Winter 2008) Auctions, International Netsuke Society Journal, Vol. 28, No.4, p 41.Finely carved in a recumbent pose with the legs drawn in for compactness, the body slightly emaciated with subtly detailed spine and incised ribs, the attentive face with inlaid gilt-brass eyes with dark pupils and framed by a full mane which is finely incised, as is the tail slung to one side. Himotoshi between the tail and body. The underside signed in typically boldly incised characters MINKO with a kakihan.LENGTH 4.5 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear and traces of use, few tiny nicks here and there. Provenance: Bonhams, Japanese Works of Art, 19 September 2008, New York, lot 5100 (sold for 14,400 USD). French private collection, acquired from the above.Tanaka Minko produced a number of netsuke depicting recumbent horses, generally in boxwood, although a few were made from ebony. The present example is a good example of the genre, with a finely-carved head and mane and the eyes typically inlaid with giilt-brass with inlaid dark pupils.Museum comparison: Compare a closely related kaki wood netsuke of a recumbent horse by Tanaka Minko, formerly in the Trumpf collection and now in the Linden Museum Stuttgart, inventory number OA 19042.Auction comparison: Compare a closely related wood netsuke of a recumbent horse by Tanaka Minko at Bonhams, Fine Netsuke from the Adrienne Barbanson Collection, 13 May 2013, London, lot 15 (sold for 7,500 GBP).

MINKO: A WOOD NETSUKE OF A RECUMBENT GOATBy Tanaka Juntoku Minko (1735-1816), signed Minko 岷江 with kakihanJapan, Tsu, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A remarkably powerful sculpture with boldly incised strokes, yet still retaining sophisticated detail. The goat is shown in a reclining posture, the large feet with the hallmark chubby hooves are neatly tucked underneath the body for compactness and the large ears and horns are resting against the shoulders and back. The wood bears a rich, deep patina and the eyes are typically inlaid in gilt brass with dark pupils. Natural himotoshi and signed within a polished reserve underneath with some red pigment added TANAKA MINKO – a rather early piece by this legendary netsuke-shi who was mentioned in the Soken Kisho of 1781.LENGTH 4.3 cmCondition: Excellent condition considering age and use, some minor surface wear here and there. Beautiful, dark patina to the exposed areas.Provenance: A noted private collection, USA.Auction comparison: A closely related wood netsuke of a goat by Minko (note also the similar kakihan) was sold at Bonhams, Netsuke from a European Private Collection, 8 May 2016, London, lot 29 (sold for 6,875 GBP).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

MINKO: AN EXQUISITE EBONY WOOD NETSUKE OF A RECUMBENT OXBy Tanaka Juntoku Minko (1735-1816), signed Minko 岷江 with kakihanJapan, Tsu, late 18th to early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Katchen, Arlette (2010) Netsuke 7, Vol. 2, p. 79, no. K249.A sensitively crafted depiction of a recumbent ox, its body hunched together forming a compact composition, the eyes inlaid in brass with dark pupils, red pigment used for some of the details such as the nostrils. The kokutan wood is beautifully polished, some of the incised hairwork is still visible within the crevices. Natural himotoshi and signed underneath the haunch MINKO and kakihan.LENGTH 3.6 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor wear, fine patina. Provenance: Ex-collection Julius & Arlette Katchen, Paris. Sold at Bonhams, The Julius & Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part I, 8 November 2016, London, lot 55. A noted private collection, USA, acquired from the above.Literature comparison: A closely related ebony wood netsuke of an ox, with red-inked signature Minko and kakihan, is illustrated in Meinertzhagen, Frederick / Lazarnick, George (1986) MCI, Part A, p. 508.Auction comparison:Compare a closely related and unsigned ebony wood netsuke, in the style of Minko, at Van Ham, Netsuke & Japanische Kunst, 8 June 2017, Cologne, lot 1648 (sold for 3,612 EUR). Also compare to a closely related ebony wood netsuke of an ox with calf, by Minko, at Bonhams, Fine Netsuke from a French Private Collection, 4 November 2020, London, lot 45 (sold for 6,938 EUR).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

HARITSU: AN EBONY NETSUKE OF AN OX AND CALFBy Haritsu, signed Haritsu 破笠Japan, 18th-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A delicate, remarkably powerful, and superbly carved ebony wood netsuke depicting a recumbent cow raising her head, with a sensitively crafted expression, her calf nestling up to her below and affectionately licking her chin. The hairwork is neatly incised, appropriately worn at the high points, and the ridged spine and ribs are subtly expressed. The rope halter which passes through the cow's nose ring, the curved horns, as well as all other details are achieved with exceptional detail. An area of pale-brown shading in the wood has been skillfully incorporated by the carver as a spot to the cow's haunches. The underside shows the many well-carved hooves, as well as the generously excavated asymmetrical himotoshi, and the signature HARITSU – the kanji are the same as used by Ogawa Haritsu (1663-1747).LENGTH 5.3 cmCondition: Good condition with minor wear, one front leg with an old repair. Provenance: A noted private collection, USA.Auction comparison: Compare a similar unsigned Kyoto-school ebony netsuke of an ox and calf, 4.5 cm long, dated late 18th to early 19th century, at Galerie Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 22 April 2022, Vienna, lot 42 (sold for 4,175 EUR).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

AN EXCEPTIONAL AND RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF RYO TOHIN TAUNTING A DRAGONUnsigned Japan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved with the immortal standing with one hand held behind his back, the other holding the tip of a ken sword. He is wearing long flowing robes with skillfully carved and darkly stained folds, opening in front to reveal his ribs and belly. His well-carved face with a cheerful expression as he laughs at the two-horned three-clawed dragon sinuously writhing around his body, looking up toward the sword tip. The back with asymmetrical himotoshi. HEIGHT 8.7 cmCondition: Very good condition, appealingly worn, one foot with old restoration to the toes.Provenance: Ex-collection Joe Kurstin. Dr. M. Joseph 'Joe' Kurstin (1931-2021) was a prominent Miami ophthalmologist who arguably built one of the greatest netsuke collections of all time. He was known by netsuke and inro lovers worldwide and made many lifelong friends in this tight-knit community. He published several books and articles on the subject and generously lent his collection for exhibitions at the Yale University Gallery, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Epcot Center at Disney World, and The Tobacco and Salt Museum, Tokyo.Ryo Tohin is the Japanese name for the Daoist immortal Lue Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals in Chinese mythology. He is often pictured riding on a cloud or a dragon as a reference to the legend that Ryo Tohin used his famous sword to subdue a dragon. He is also frequently depicted crossing water on his sword. The present netsuke depicts him holding the tip of a ken sword, which relates to depictions of male dragons with tail tips in the form of swords or spears. It thus appears that the immortal has stolen the tip of the dragon's tail and is now taunting the beast with it. It is also interesting to note that the immortal's right hand is not seen, shrouded in his robe behind his back, and perhaps he is also hiding a tama pearl from the poor dragon.Literature comparison: Compare a painted wood netsuke by Shuzan, depicting the same subject, described as “a warrior holding a gem in the left hand, a sword in the right, defying a dragon”, illustrated in Joly, Henri L. (1966) The W. L. Behrens Collection, Part 1, Netsuke, pl. XIII, no. 675.

A RARE EBONY NETSUKE OF A BATUnsignedJapan, 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved in the manner of Horaku to depict a resting bat, hanging by the tips of its wings, which are drawn in to form a compact composition as well as a narrow base on which the netsuke stands. The bat's body is covered with fine hairwork and its beady eyes are inlaid with dark horn, one side with the asymmetrical himotoshi, the larger of which is generously excavated to accommodate the knot.LENGTH 5.5 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear.Auction comparison:Compare a closely related ebony wood netsuke of a bat with its wing placed in a peculiar position, by Horaku, ex-collection Raymond Bushell, at Sotheby's, Japanese and Korean Art, 9 June 2004, London, lot 1144 (estimate 5,000-6,000 GBP).

KOKEI: A WOOD NETSUKE OF A TIGERBy Kokei, signed Kokei 虎溪Japan, Kuwana, Ise Province, c. 1800, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved, the wood bearing a deep unctuous patina, depicting a crouching tiger sporting a naturalistically rendered fur coat, the amusingly chubby paws pushed afore dynamically, and the thick tail powerfully curling up its backside. The eyes are inlaid with dark horn. The underside shows the signature KOKEI within a polished reserve. Natural himotoshi.LENGTH 4 cmCondition: Very good condition with some minor surface wear and tiny nicks. Superb, deep patina. Provenance: A noted private collection, USA.Auction comparison:A closely related wood netsuke of a tiger, slightly later of date, was sold by Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 27 March 2020, Vienna, lot 73 (sold for 5,256 EUR).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

KOKEI: A WOOD NETSUKE OF A TIGER AND CUBBy Kokei, signed Kokei 虎溪Japan, Kuwana, Ise Province, first half of 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A beautifully refined and compact wood netsuke of a tigress snarling and protectively placing one paw on her cub's back, while the young tiger nestles up against her body, the head raised in order to lick its mother's neck. The fur is achieved in the typical manner of the artist through alternating areas of incision work and polished sections. Note also the superbly carved tail which curls around over the mother tiger's back. The underside shows the many well-carved, chubby paws and the signature KOKEI within a polished reserve. Natural himotoshi.LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: Very good condition with only very little wear. Possibly a tiny chip to the very edge of the tail.Provenance: A noted private collection, USA.Auction comparison:Compare a closely related wood netsuke of a tigress and cub, by Kokei, sold at Bonhams, The Julius & Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part II, 10 May 2017, London, lot 60 (sold for 4,375 GBP). Also compare to a closely related wood netsuke of a tiger and cub, by Kokei, sold at Bonhams, Fine Netsuke from a French Private Collection, 4 November 2020, London, lot 48 (sold for 5,312 GBP).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

SHIGEYOSHI: AN INLAID DARK WOOD NETSUKE OF KIYOHIMEBy Shigeyoshi, signed Shigeyoshi 重敬 to 刀Japan, 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved to depict the enraged witch Kiyohime, her inlaid face well detailed, her monstrous serpentine body coiled around the bell of Dojo-ji temple, inside which the priest Anchin is hiding, his face visible through a hole to one side. The handle of the bell can be turned to alternate between the two expressions of Anchin, one showing a pale, frightened expression and the other burnt-red from fire. The underside with large himotoshi and the signature SHIGEYOSHI.LENGTH 3.6 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear and traces of use.Provenance: German private collection.The present netsuke is mentioned in Davey, Neil K. (1974) Netsuke: A comprehensive study based on the M.T. Hindson Collection, p. 521, artist no. 2382: “One recorded. Wood. Figure of Kiyohime. Early”.Kiyohime is a character in the story of Anchin and Kiyohime. In this story, she fell in love with a Buddhist monk named Anchin, but after her interest in the monk was rejected, she chased after him and transformed into a serpent in a rage, before killing him in a bell where he had hidden in the Dojo-ji temple. The story originally appeared in two collections of setsuwa (tales), Dainihonkoku hokekyo kenki (c. 1040) and Konjaku Monogatarishu (c. 1120).Auction comparison: Compare a related inlaid ebony netsuke by Tanaka Minko depicting the same subject at Galerie Zacke, Fine Netsuke, Sagemono & Okimono, 24 November 2018, Vienna, lot 70 (sold for 8,469 EUR).

TOMOKAZU: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF KIYOHIME WITH THE TEMPLE BELL OF DOJO-JIBy Kano Tomokazu, signed Tomokazu 友一Japan, Gifu, 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Superbly carved, the serpentine monster winding around the bell of Dojo-ji, her scales meticulously rendered, her facial features well crafted, appearing almost like a Hannya mask, her long flowing hair in the back neatly incised. The vengeful witch holds a T-shaped striker in one hand and a loose strand of her hair in the other. The bell is finely carved as well with a neatly stippled ground and raised bosses, the removable and turnable handle carved with two dragons. Anchin's face is visible through a small hole in the bell. Good himotoshi to Kiyohime's back and underneath and signed TOMOKAZU within the typical oval reserve.LENGTH 3.7 cmCondition: A small chip to the edge of the handle and to one horn. Repair to the interior mechanism. Otherwise good condition.Provenance: Christie's, 4 November 2009, New York, lot 131. A noted private collection, USA, acquired from the above.Auction comparison:The subject. which is usually associated with Minko and the Tsu school. is rare for Tomokazu. For an example of the same subject depicted in a different manner see Sotheby's, The Swedlow Collection of Inro, Lacquer and Ojime, 31 March 1993, London, lot 69.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

MINKO: A WOOD NETSUKE OF YOJO STABBING THE KING'S CLOAK By Tanaka Juntoku Minko (1735-1816), signed Minko 岷江 with kakihanJapan, Tsu, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Depicting Yojo seated and stabbing Cho Bujutsu's cloak with his sword, his expression marked with determination. The pupils are minutely inlaid in dark horn. One ringed himotoshi through the cloak and signed to the underside with red pigment MINKO. Note the superbly carved hair in the back with boldly incised strokes, interestingly somewhat similar in conception to Minko's goat beards (lot 137).LENGTH 3.9 cmCondition: Very good condition with associated old surface wear.Literature comparison:Compare to a netsuke depicting the same subject in Jirka-Schmitz Patrizia, The World of Netsuke, The Werdelmann Collection at the Museum Kunstpalast Duesseldorf, p. 40, no. 80.The story of Cho Bujutsu and Yojo is described in Henri L. Joly, Legend in Japanese Art, p. 569. Yojo (in Chinese Yu Jang) wanted to avenge the death of his master by the hands of Cho Bujutsu. Several futile attempts ended up with Yojo begging for Cho's royal mantle, which he then stabbed into shreds with his sword as a token of his revenge. Afterwards, Yojo killed himself as he could no longer live under the same heaven as his rival.

MINKO: A WOOD TRICK NETSUKE OF A DARUMA DOLLBy Tanaka Juntoku Minko (1735-1816), signed Minko 岷江 with kakihanJapan, Tsu, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A beautifully rounded and compact wood netsuke, the light-toned wood superbly polished and attractively tactile, depicting a daruma doll with stern expression and incised beard, the eyes switching when lightly tapped. Large, asymmetrical himotoshi underneath, the smaller hole ringed, and signed MINKO with a red-inked kakihan.HEIGHT 2.8 cmCondition: Very good condition with only very minor wear. The mechanism slightly loose. Provenance: A noted private collection, USA.Literature comparison:A similar, yet larger netsuke by Minko in a similarly toned wood is illustrated in Bandini, Rosemary (2019), The Larry Caplan Collection of Japanese Netsuke, no. 3.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

HARUMITSU: AN IMPRESSIVE WOOD NETSUKE OF A COILED DRAGONBy Harumitsu (Shunko), signed Harumitsu 春光Japan, Yamada, Ise Province, mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved with meticulously rendered scales and cleverly alternating textures, the dragon coiling around itself in a powerful stance and releasing a mighty roar. The sharp claws and flames emanating from its body are testament to its might, however the rather amusing expression marked by inlaid eyes of pale translucent horn with dark pupils creates a humorous contrast. Natural himotoshi and signed within a raised oval reserve HARUMITSU.LENGTH 3.9 cmCondition: Very good condition, only very minor wear, one inlaid eye possiby replaced.Provenance: A noted private collection, USA.Relatively little is known about the artist Harumitsu (Shunko), though it is suspected he was a pupil from the Masanao line of Yamada. The present piece also shows some similarities to the school of Minko (see auction comparison).Auction comparison: Compare to a closely related wood netsuke of a dragon by Harumitsu sold at Bonhams, Fine Japanese Works of Art, 13 September 2011, New York, lot 2025 (sold for 4,750 USD). Also compare to a related wood netsuke of a dragon signed Minko sold at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 16 April 2021, Vienna, lot 112 (sold for 2,928 EUR).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

HIDARI ISSAN: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A COILED DRAGONBy Hidari Issan, signed Hidari Issan 左一山Japan, Iwashiro, c. 1840, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Lazarnick, George (1981) Netsuke & Inro Artists, and How to Read Their Signatures, vol. I, p. 520.Sydney L. Moss (2008) Such Stuff as Dreams are made on. Japanese netsuke from the Willi G. Bosshard collection, p. 145, no. 69.Exquisitely carved as a smooth dragon coiling its body back on itself in irregular loops and clutching a sacred tama (jewel) in its left foreclaw. The underside is reticulated, well detailed with claws, scales, and a curling tail tip, and the beast's head is pulled back in a defensive pose. The glaring eyes are inlaid in bone with gilt-rimmed dark horn pupils.LENGTH 4.3 cmCondition: Excellent condition with only very minor wear.Provenance: Sotheby's, 22 January 1977, Honolulu, lot 62. Kunsthandel Klefisch, June 1996, Cologne. Ex-collection Willi G. Bosshard, acquired from the above. Sydney L. Moss, London, 2008. British collection, acquired from the above.Hidari Issan is a noteworthy and highly regarded netsuke carver, not least by Frederick Meinertzhagen who ranked him among the best, alongside Toyomasa, Tadatoshi, and Ikkan, and recorded a netsuke of his dated as early as 1798.Literature comparison:Compare a related wood netsuke of a coiled dragon with tama by Hidari Issan, with similarly inlaid eyes, illustrated in Ducros, Alain (1987) Netsuke & Sagemono 2, p. 90, no. 177. Auction comparison:The artist has carved several variations of this subject, though none of them are exactly alike. One was sold at Bonhams, The Julius and Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part II, 10 May 2017, London, lot 72 (sold for 11,250 GBP); another was sold at Galerie Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 25 September 2020, Vienna, lot 129 (sold for 10,112 EUR); and a third was sold at Galerie Zacke, 27 January 2022, Vienna, lot 600 (sold for 7,584 EUR).

SHOTO: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A WILD BOARBy Shoto, signed Shoto 松涛Japan, Iwashiro Province, mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A superbly carved wood netsuke, of compact design, depicting a recumbent long-snouted boar with a wild hairstyle and meticulously engraved fur. The eyes are inlaid in dark horn encircled with gilt metal, which is typical for the school of Hidari Issan, whom this carver is associated with. The underside shows the beautifully carved feet which are folded underneath the body, the asymmetrical himotoshi, the smaller hole ringed in stained bone, and the signature within an oval reserve underneath the right haunch SHOTO.LENGTH 4.5 cmCondition: Excellent condition with only minor wear.Literature comparison:The artist was a rare follower/pupil of Hidari Issan and only a few of his netsuke are recorded. A wood netsuke depicting a dragon clutching a tama, signed Shoto, published in Barker & Smith (1976), Netsuke: The Miniature Sculpture of Japan, no. 247 and located in the British Museum, accession no. F. 296. further illustrates this point.Auction comparison:Compare to a wood netsuke of a boar, by Hidari issan, at Bonhams, Fine Japanese Works of Art including Selections from the Collection of Ruth and Carl Barron, 16 September 2014, New York, lot 2074 (sold for 5,625 USD).

A GOOD WOOD NETSUKE OF SHOKIUnsignedJapan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The demon queller raising one foot and unsheathing his sword, striking a powerful stance, his face with a grim expression framed by wild, flowing hair and beard, the eyes inlaid in bone with black pupils. One can only fear for the oni that Shoki has spotted, although in netsuke art it is usually Shoki who draws the short straw. Shoki's windswept robe with long upwards flaring sleeves is particularly well carved. Large himotoshi to the back, the wood bearing a fine patina.HEIGHT 8.2 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear and few traces of use.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

HIDARI ISSAN: A CHARMING WOOD NETSUKE OF A DARUMA DOLLBy Hidari Issan, signed Hidari Issan 左一山Japan, Iwashiro Province, c. 1840, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Wilhelm, Gabor (2004) Bulletin Franco-Japonais, no. 84, p. 36-37 (unillustrated).Wilhelm, Gabor (Summer 2004) On the Continent, International Netsuke Society Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2, p. 20.Well carved as a Daruma doll with hairy arms raised and hands placed on his head, the bearded face with a cheerful expression, the mouth wide open revealing tongue and teeth, the eyes inlaid with dark wood ringed in gilt-metal, as is typical for this artist. Good himotoshi, the larger hole generously excavated and forming a base ring. Signed within an oblong reserve HIDARI ISSAN.HEIGHT 3.3 cmCondition: Excellent condition with minor wear. Provenance: Galerie Yamato, Paris, 2004, no. 15. French private collection, acquired from the above.A Daruma doll is a round, traditional roly-poly doll (okiagari) modeled after Bodhidharma, the founder of the Zen tradition of Buddhism. Though considered a toy by some, Daruma has a design that is rich in symbolism and is regarded more as a talisman of good luck to the Japanese.Museum comparison: Compare a closely related wood netsuke of a Roly-Poly Daruma by Hidari Issan, formerly in the collection of Raymond Bushell and now in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accession number M.91.250.271.

ISSAN: A WOOD NETSUKE OF TWO TOADS ON A WALNUTBy Ryusansai Issan, signed Issan 一山 with a kakihanJapan, Iwashiro Province, c. 1840, Edo period (1615-1868)Exquisitely carved as two toads clambering over each other atop a half-walnut shell, their bodies well detailed and eyes inlaid with dark horn, although the lower toad has one eye closed as his companion has one front leg placed over it. The rough texture of the walnut shell and smoothly polished skin of the toads creates a fine contrast which is further enhanced by the dark stain to the low points. One of the upper toad's hind legs forms a possible 'natural' cord attachment. The underside of the walnut shell with a central, horizontally pierced himotoshi and the signature ISSAN with a kakihan. LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: Very good condition, attractively worn, few tiny nicks. Provenance: A noted private collection, USA.Ryusansai Issan was a contemporary of Hidari Issan and always worked in wood. Here, however, the similarities between the two end. Ruysansai made naturalistic animals in a life-like style, not always compact but certainly always functional. The features of his creatures are carefully detailed and the eyes are inlaid. See Davey, Neil K. (1974) Netsuke: A comprehensive study based on the M.T. Hindson Collection, p. 260.Literature comparison: Compare a related wood netsuke of a toad on a sandal by Ryusansai Issan, illustrated in Davey, Neil K. (1974) Netsuke: A comprehensive study based on the M.T. Hindson Collection, p. 261, no. 806. Compare a related wood netsuke of a mole cricket on a walnut by Ryusansai Issan, illustrated in Galerie Zacke (1984) Netsuke und Inro, no. 6.Museum comparison: Compare a related wood netsuke of a frog on a straw hat by Issan, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 91.1.1000.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A TOAD ON A LOTUS LEAFUnsignedJapan, first half of 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved and attractively stained, the toad clambering on an upturned furled lotus leaf well-executed with both raised and subtle ukibori veins, one of its hands placed on the stem, the other superbly carved splayed across the leaf, the toad's warty skin carved in masterful ukibori. Natural himotoshi through the curved stem. The large eyes of the amphibian are inlaid in lustrous, dark buffalo horn. LENGTH 4.7 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear, few light scratches. Provenance: Bondu, Paris, December 1986. French private collection, acquired from the above. Bonhams, Fine Netsuke from a French private collection, 4 November 2020, London, lot 112. German private collection, acquired from the above.The present netsuke is difficult to place in a particular school, but perhaps Nagoya fits best due to the type of wood and staining used. The superior level of ukibori, particularly the subtle veining to leaf, however, strongly suggests the Iwami school.

SEIMIN: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A FROGS ON A LOTUS LEAFBy Seimin, signed Seimin 晴民Japan, Iwashiro Province, mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A well-carved and beautifully worn wood netsuke, depicting four frogs of varying size, dynamically arranged on a furled lotus leaf, two of them tying a sandal rope in the center, perhaps preparing for some tug of war action. The underside with the curved stem serving as the cord attachment and the signature SEIMIN within a mother-of-pearl tablet. The artist is best known for his depictions of frogs and is therefore also referred to as 'Kaeru Seimin'. While many unsigned works are attributed to him, signed examples are rather scarce. The wear and overall boldness of the carving indicate an early work by this master.LENGTH 4 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear. A small crack to the side of the lotus leaf by one of the frog's trailing legs.Literature comparison:Compare to a closely related ivory netsuke of frogs on a lotus leaf, by Seimin, illustrated in Davey, Neil K. (1974) Netsuke: A comprehensive study based on the M.T. Hindson Collection, p. 262, no. 812.

SEIGYUKEN GAHO: A VERY FINE KURUMI (WALNUT) NETSUKE OF DAIKOKU AND THREE KARAKO, DATED 1816By Seigyuken Gaho, signed Akamagaseki no ju Seigyuken Gaho, Bunka jusan-nen kito gejun 赤間関住 青牛軒我補 文化十三年 李冬下旬Japan, Akamagaseki (Shimonoseki), Yamaguchi prefecture, dated 1816The double walnut carved as Daikoku's treasure bag with neatly incised patterned designs, tied at the top, and carved in stunning relief with an image of three karako (Chinese boys) playing tug-of-war and pulling on the lucky god's arm, who is visible on the other side and who is amusingly unimpressed by their efforts. The details are superbly carved, quite incredible for a walnut carving. The top and bottom with metal mounts and a looped himotoshi. Signed in minutely incised characters within a raised rectangular reserve Akamagaseki no ju Seigyuken Gaho, Bunka jusan-nen kito gejun (Seigyuken Gaho, living in Akamagaseki [present-day Shimonoseki], end of the twelfth month in 1816).HEIGHT 3.7 cmCondition: Very good condition with typical wear and natural flaws to the material, including some tiny pinholes, all as is to be expected from kurumi netsuke

SUKETADA: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A KAPPA TRAPPED BY A CLAMBy Suketada, signed Suketada 亮忠Japan, Takayama, Hida Province, early to mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A very finely carved study of a kappa with one hind foot caught in the jaws of a hamaguri clam as it climbs over it. The subject references, quite humorously, a parody of the seduction of feminine wiles, the clam representing the female here. The warty skin of the kappa is masterfully rendered, the eyes are inlaid, the shell is finely carved and the long hair surrounding the kappa's swirling vital fluids on the head is minutely incised. Large, asymmetrical and generously excavated himotoshi through the underside, signed SUKETADA.The present netsuke is much more worn than other examples of this subject by Suketada and shows a distinctly beautiful patina. It is likely that this is one of the earliest netsuke of this type.HEIGHT 3.7 cmCondition: Very good condition, the wood beautifully worn with a fine patina. Some light surface scratches.Auction comparison:Compare to a closely related wood netsuke of a kappa by Suketada at Bonhams, The Harriet Szechenyi Sale of Japanese Art, 8 November 2011, London, lot 54 (sold for 8,125 GBP). Another closely related wood netsuke of a kappa by Suketada at Bonhams, The Julius & Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part I, 8 November 2016, London, lot 188 (sold for 5,000 GBP).

A RARE IVORY NETSUKE OF A COILED SNAKEUnsignedJapan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Sagemonoya (2022), The Gabor and Georgina Wilhelm Collection, p. 63, no. 99.A pleasingly tactile and compact ivory netsuke of a snake (hebi) coiling around itself, with finely incised scales, its head resting on top, its gaze fixed in front, the eyes inlaid in dark horn, and ready to strike. Natural himotoshi. The ivory bearing a superb, honey-yellow patina.LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: Very good condition with typical old wear. Beautiful patina.Provenance: The Gabor Wilhelm Collection, Paris.Auction comparison:Compare to a closely related ivory netsuke of a snake, likely by the same hand, at Bonhams, The Julius & Arlette Katchen Collection of Fine Netsuke Part I, 8 November 2016, London, lot 77 (sold for 5,000 GBP).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number FR2207509859-K).This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.

TAKUSAI: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A MERMAID (NINGYO)By Tachikawa Takusai (1817-1887), signed Takusai 啄齋Japan, Suwa, Shinano Province, mid to late 19th centuryPublished: Sydney L. Moss Ltd. (2006) More Things in Heaven and Earth, p. 92, no. 39.Finely carved as a gleefully smiling mermaid clutching her tail and pulling it toward herself, her other hand holding a sacred tama (jewel), her facial features expressively carved, her arms distinguished with developed muscles, her lower body well detailed and neatly incised with scales and fins, her long hair flowing elegantly down her back in finely incised strands forming the 'natural' himotoshi. Signed within a smooth oval reserve TAKUSAI.LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor expected wear. Tiny chip to the edge of the tail fin and a tiny chip to the fin underneath. Provenance: Sydney L. Moss Ltd., London, 2006. A noted private collection, USA, acquired from the above.The present netsuke is carved from shitan (purple sandalwood), which is riddled throughout with the traces of unusually small woodworm. Paul Moss concluded in More Things in Heaven and Earth that the wormholes were already in the material when Takusai chose it, as evidenced by the grooves lying on the surface of the wood. Other netsuke by Takusai illustrated in Lazarnick, George (1981) Netsuke & Inro Artists, and How to Read Their Signatures, vol. II, p. 1055-1056, show evidence of the same woodworm as the present netsuke.Tachikawa was proposed by George Lazarnick as a group of carvers with the same family name (which had been previously read as single names including most often Ryusen and less often Tatsukawa, Tatsugawa, and seldom Tachikawa). The selection of characters used in the names, the very style of rendering of these characters and the reserves in which they are often placed, the invariable use of wood, as well as the information recorded about them all point to an interrelationship among them. See Lazarnick, George (1981) Netsuke & Inro Artists, and How to Read Their Signatures, vol. II, p. 1053.Auction comparison: Compare a closely related wood netsuke by Tachikawa Takusai depicting the same subject, illustrated in Meinertzhagen, Frederick / Lazarnick, George (1986) MCI, Part B, p. 833, where Meinertzhagen described it as “a little gem of art”, and in Lazarnick, George (1981) Netsuke & Inro Artists, and How to Read Their Signatures, vol. II, p. 1055, at Bonhams, 25 March 2010, New York, lot 2051 (sold for 4,575 USD).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF TOBOSAKU SENNIN UnsignedJapan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Tobosaku (Dongfang Shuo) standing on one leg, the other dynamically raised, holding a leafy peach branch in one hand, wearing a loosely-fitted and elaborately flowing robe, his expression superbly carved. The wood bearing a superb patina. Very large himotoshi through the back. The carving is stylistically reminiscent of the celebrated Osaka artist Tsuji.HEIGHT 6.7 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor surface wear and fine, dark patina.Auction comparison:Compare to a wood netsuke of Fukurokuju, by Tsuji, at Bonhams, Fine Netsuke from a French Private Collection, 4 November 2020, London, lot 23 (sold for 18,812 GBP).

KANMAN: A SUPERB AND LARGE UMIMATSU (SEAPINE) NETSUKE OF A CICADA ON AN OAK BRANCHBy Kanman, signed Iwami no kuni no ju Kanman to 石見国之住貫満刀 with kakihanJapan, Iwami Province, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868) Published: Lazarnick, George (1981) Netsuke & Inro Artists, and How to Read Their Signatures, vol. 1, p. 583.Earle, Joe (2000) The Robert S. Huthart Collection of Iwami Netsuke, Vol. 2, p. 242, no. 210.Exquisitely carved as a cicada perched on an oak branch issuing twigs, leaves, and acorns, the insect's wings finely rendered with raised veins, the branch well detailed with several layers and burls, the side and underside with asymmetrical himotoshi, the underside with a sunken shaped reserve incised with the signature and inscription Iwami no kuni no ju KANMAN to (carved by Kanman, a resident of Iwami Province) with a kakihan. The umimatsu with superb natural marbling.LENGTH 8.4 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor wear. Provenance: The Robert S. Huthart Collection.Umimatsu (lit. seapine) is in fact a species of black coral with dense texture, concentric growth rings, and amber or reddish-colored inclusions in the otherwise brown-black material. True coral is a hard calcareous substance secreted by marine polyps for habitation; umimatsu, on the other hand, is a colony of keratinous antipatharian marine organisms. As a material, it was considered risky for carvers as it was prone to crack, crumble, or chip.Literature comparison: A related umimatsu netsuke of a cicada on a log is illustrated in Lazarnick, George (1981) Netsuke & Inro Artists, and How to Read Their Signatures, vol. 1, p. 582.Auction comparison: Compare a closely related umimatsu netsuke of a cicada on a log by Kanman, with a similar inscription, signature, and kakihan, 7.6 cm long, dated early 19th century, at Bonhams, The Robert S. Huthart Collection of Iwami Netsuke Part I, 15 May 2019, lot 92 (sold for 31,312 GBP).

KANMAN: AN EXCEPTIONAL AND LARGE KUROGAKI (BLACK PERSIMMON) WOOD NETSUKE OF A FROG ON A LOTUS LEAFBy Kanman (1793-1859), signed Iwami no ju Kanman 石見住貫満 […] with kakihanJapan, Iwami Province, early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Rokusho (1996), Vol. 20, p. 48, no. 59.Earle, Joe (2000) The Robert S. Huthart Collection of Iwami Netsuke, Vol. II, p. 278, no. 247.Burditt, David (Spring 2000) The Iwami Carvers: Kanman, International Netsuke Society Journal, Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 53, no. 15.Superbly carved as a frog standing foursquare on a furled lotus leaf, its skin smooth at its back and detailed with ukibori warts elsewhere, the leaf meticulously carved with veins and venules in fine ukibori, the underside also well detailed and showing the attractive grain of the wood as well as the large asymmetrical himotoshi. Carved on the stem with the signature in partially worn ukibori characters Iwami no ju KANMAN […] with a kakihan.LENGTH 11.1 cmCondition: Excellent condition with only minor wear and traces of use.Provenance: Ex-collection Joe Kurstin. Ex-collection Robert S. Huthart, acquired from the above. Dr. M. Joseph 'Joe' Kurstin (1931-2021) was a prominent Miami ophthalmologist who arguably built one of the greatest netsuke collections of all time. He was known by netsuke and inro lovers worldwide and made many lifelong friends in this tight-knit community. He published several books and articles on the subject and generously lent his collection for exhibitions at the Yale University Gallery, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Epcot Center at Disney World, and The Tobacco and Salt Museum, Tokyo.Kanman (1793-1859) was a Japanese netsuke carver of the Iwami school, which was founded by Seiyodo Tomiharu. Most of his work was designed in the first three decades of the 19th century. According to Anne Hull Grundy, "His netsuke [...] are extremely rare." David Burditt has described him as one of the greatest of the Iwami carvers. A hallmark of Kanman's work is his understanding of the materials he uses. His woods demonstrate wonderful undercutting, deep incisions, copious ukibori, and detailed overall carving. By contrast, his horn netsuke show more restrained carving, but careful finishing and polishing so that their surfaces are smooth and glow with the sheen only such material can produce.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related dark wood netsuke of a toad on a lotus leaf by Kanman, illustrated in Gould, Irving (1987) The Gould Collection of Netsuke, p. 367. Auction comparison: Compare a related ebony netsuke of a frog on a lotus leaf by Tomiharu, 7.5 cm long, dated late 18th to early 19th century, at Bonhams, The Robert S. Huthart Collection of Iwami Netsuke Part I, 15 May 2019, London, lot 20 (sold for 11,312 GBP).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

A SUPERB WOOD SHUNGA NETSUKE OF A MAN WITH OKAME MASK Unsigned Japan, Edo (Tokyo), 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved as a man seated with crossed legs, wearing the mask and hairstyle of Okame, the hair neatly incised and tied at the back, the man otherwise clad only in a fundoshi, from which his enormous phallus emerges which he cradles with both hands, the man's expression hidden behind the mask though obvious nonetheless. The back with two generously excavated, asymmetrical himotoshi above the inscription Otoko ('man').HEIGHT 5 cmCondition: Few minor age cracks, one with associated old repair, one foot with the toes restored. Otherwise, fine condition with a superb, deep patina.Provenance: Sotheby's, Fine Netsuke Including Property from the Collection of Alan R. Liss, 2 September 1993, Chicago, lot 128. Ex-collection Joe Kurstin, acquired from the above. Dr. M. Joseph 'Joe' Kurstin (1931-2021) was a prominent Miami ophthalmologist who arguably built one of the greatest netsuke collections of all time. He was known by netsuke and inro lovers worldwide and made many lifelong friends in this tight-knit community. He published several books and articles on the subject and generously lent his collection for exhibitions at the Yale University Gallery, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Epcot Center at Disney World, and The Tobacco and Salt Museum, Tokyo.Literature comparison: Compare a related wood shunga netsuke of Okame, signed Deme saku, 6 cm high, dated 18th century, illustrated in Scholten Japanese Art (2001) Expressions of Style: Netsuke as Art, p. 47, no. 58.

MIWA KATSUSUKE: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF GAMA SENNIN WITH HUGE TOADBy Miwa Katsusuke, signed Miwa Katsusuke 三輪勝助 with kakihanJapan, Edo (Tokyo), c. 1800, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Meinertzhagen, Frederick / Lazarnick, George (1986) MCI, Part A, p. 572 (not illustrated).International Netsuke Society Journal (2001) Vol. 21, No. 3, p. 28. (advert by Sydney Moss Ltd.)Sydney L. Moss Ltd. (2004) Outside the Box, p. 42, no. 18.A remarkably powerful netsuke carved from plum or isu wood, of an attractive grain and color, depicting a seated Gama Sennin wearing a thick mugwort leaf skirt spreading about him and leaning against the gigantic toad behind him, the expressions of both forcefully dyspeptic and disagreeable. The flattened base with large asymmetrical himotoshi and the signature MIWA KATSUSUKE, the last character of which is written to resemble a kakihan.LENGTH 4 cmCondition: Very good condition, appealingly worn, few tiny nicks, few light surface scratches.Provenance: Ex-collection W.W. Winkworth. Sotheby's, 27 June 1979, London, lot 99. Ex-collection Raymond Bushell. Sydney L. Moss, London, 2004. French private collection, acquired from the above.The present netsuke was recorded by Frederick Meinertzhagen in his Card Index, wherein he noted, very interestingly, that it was shown to him on 27 June 1951 “by Winkworth who wrote this characteristic commentary:'… a small seated Gama looking rather like a determined Rationalist standing up for Individualism and the 'scientific approach' in controversy with a bigoted Catholic; I and my toad don't believe any nonsense about Transubstantiation! My toad says if you'd been a tadpole once you'd have more sense than to believe in Purgatory!' (too profound for my understanding, F.M.)”Katsusuke, or Shojo, can be translated as 'worthy follower', and those enthusiasts who study the early masters have concluded that in the few work's signed 'Miwa's worthy follower' we very probably see a hand which may be categorized as a direct pupil of the master. Indeed, Meinertzhagen's estimation of the carver seems to have been ratcheted up a notch between his June 1951 introductory card, explaining that only three works were known, which “show true artistic feeling, but lack originality of design, subtlety and fine craftsmanship”, and his handwritten note of May 1955, “Might this carver be Miwa 2nd, or even the first Miwa?”Literature comparison:Compare two related wood netsuke by Miwa Katsusuke, illustrated in Meinertzhagen, Frederick / Lazarnick, George (1986) MCI, Part A, p. 572.

JOBUN: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF A HATCHING TENGU (TENGU NO TOMAGO) By Jobun, signed Jobun 如文Japan, Edo (Tokyo), c. 1780, Edo period (1615-1868)The mythical winged creature clambering out of his broken egg with delicately incised 'cracks' using its weak, undeveloped arms, the 'hands' superbly detailed and appearing like out of a science-fiction movie, the head and one wing with neatly detailed webs are already free, the humanoid face with a hooked nose and finely incised brushed-back hair, the eyes inlaid with dark wood. The underside with generously excavated, asymmetrical himotoshi and the signature JOBUN.LENGTH 3.8 cmCondition: One arm with an old restoration, the egg with a minor age crack, otherwise in good condition. Provenance: Ex-collection Joe Kurstin. Dr. M. Joseph 'Joe' Kurstin (1931-2021) was a prominent Miami ophthalmologist who arguably built one of the greatest netsuke collections of all time. He was known by netsuke and inro lovers worldwide and made many lifelong friends in this tight-knit community. He published several books and articles on the subject and generously lent his collection for exhibitions at the Yale University Gallery, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Epcot Center at Disney World, and The Tobacco and Salt Museum, Tokyo.Literature comparison: Compare a closely related wood netsuke of a hatching tengu by Jobun illustrated in Sydney L. Moss Ltd. (2000) Myth, Reality, and Magical Transformation: Aesthetics and Connoisseurship in Japanese Netsuke, no. 18.Auction comparison: Compare a closely related wood netsuke of a hatching tengu at Lempertz, Netsuke aus der Sammlung Albert Brockhaus, 27 June 2020, Cologne, lot 458 (sold for 8,750 EUR).

GENRYOSAI MINKOKU: A RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF TWO MONKEYS ON A PINE BRANCHBy Genryosai Minkoku I, signed Genryosai 玄了齋Japan, Edo (Tokyo), 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Carved as two monkeys clambering on a gnarled branch issuing leaves, one monkey on top scratching his behind and the other climbing downwards playfully and facing the one on top. A boldly executed, humorous and dynamic design, the wood bearing a fine, dark patina. The underside with one large himotoshi and signed GENRYOSAI (Minkoku). The subject appears to be unique for this celebrated early Edo carver.LENGTH 4.8 cmCondition: Very good, typically worn condition. Few age cracks and minor surface wear. Beautiful, deep patina.Provenance: Old Irish private collection, Dublin, purchased from Christie's, 17 February 1981, London, lot 113.

A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A MONKEY ON BAMBOO SHOOTUnsignedJapan, late 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The monkey (saru) climbing up a large bamboo shoot, pulling at one of the folded leaves, its fur minutely incised and the expression neatly detailed. Very large himotoshi through the bamboo shoot. The surface attractively worn with a good patina.LENGTH 5 cmCondition: Very good condition with old wear and traces of use.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.Literature comparison:Compare to a related wood netsuke of a monkey on bamboo shoot, signed Miwa, illustrated in Sagemonoya (2004) Sleeping Beauties, no. 54.

SHUGETSU I: A SUPERB WOOD NETSUKE OF TEKKAI SENNIN Lot 191 - NE0422By Hara/Higuchi Shugetsu I, signed Shugetsu 舟月Japan, Edo (Tokyo), late 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Powerfully sculpted as the immortal Tekkai wearing a voluminous and elaborately flowing robe with a bag slung over his bag and a hyotan (double gourd) attached to his waist. The immortal is depicted here as an emaciated beggar with heavy skin folds and an extraordinarily well-carved, lamenting expression. In one hand, tucked under his arm, he is holding his characteristic cane, the other hand is tightly clenched into a fist as he looks upwards and presses his lips forward, exhaling his soul with his last efforts. Large himotoshi through the bag in the back which also houses the boldly incised two-character signature SHUGETSU.HEIGHT 7.3 cmCondition: Good, worn condition. One foot repaired and a small repair to the edge of the satchel. Provenance: Ex-collection Rene Vittoz (1904 - 1992).Tekkai Sennin is the Japanese adaptation of one of the Eight Chinese Immortals (Baxian). He was thought to be capable of leaving his body, sometimes traveling for extended periods. On one occasion, he asked a disciple to watch over his body and instructed him to burn it if his spirit did not return in seven days. On the sixth day, however, the disciple's mother died, so he burned his master's body and went home. Returning on the seventh day, Tekkai's spirit found his body gone, leaving him no choice but to adopt the corpse of an emaciated beggar that he found beside the road.Literature comparison:Compare to a closely related wood netsuke by Shugetsu I, formerly in the H. G. Beasley collection, sold at Sotheby's, Fine Netsuke & Ojme, 14 March 1984, London, lot 32.

SHUGETSU SHIZAN: A LARGE WOOD NETSUKE OF DARUMABy Shugetsu, signed Shugetsu Shizan 舟月 紫山 saku 作Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Superbly carved, this well-known model by the Shumin lineage treated here with remarkable boldness. Daruma is depicted in a meditative pose, almost completely enveloped in his robe, the garment folds decisively incised, and the stern expression powerfully crafted and minutely detailed. The eyes are inlaid in dark horn, and the earrings and large himotoshi underneath are inlaid in stained bone. The wood bearing a fine, dark patina. Signed underneath SHUGETSU shizan saku [made by Shizan Shugetsu]. The art name Shizan, meaning literally “purple mountain”, was used by both Shugetsu II and III (see LNIA, vol. 2, p. 987). The art name Shizan was inscribed only on the best pieces by the master.HEIGHT 4.5 cm, LENGTH 5.1 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor surface wear. Fine, dark patina.Provenance: Collection Prof. Dr. Henk C. Hoogsteden, Rotterdam, purchased from Robert Fleischel in 2010.Auction/Literature comparison:The present netsuke is much more common from the Shumin lineage and only very few examples are known bearing the Shugetsu signature. For another netsuke of Daruma, signed Shugetsu with kakihan, see Sotheby's, Fine Netsuke Including Property from the Collection of Alan R. Liss, 2 September 1993, Chicago, lot 272. Another wood netsuke depicting Daruma, signed Shugetsu with seal, executed in a different manner, is illustrated in Hurtig, Bernard (1973) Masterpieces of Netsuke Art: One Thousand Favorites of Leading Collectors, p. 99, no. 360.

A SUPERB TALL WOOD NETSUKE OF SEIOBOUnsignedJapan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The Queen Mother of the West standing and holding a peach branch and a scythe, her expression gracious and benevolent, wearing an ornate headdress, her finely carved, tied hair forming curls in the back. Her loosely fitted robe is finely carved and tied at the waist, with downward flowing bands in the front and with long, draping sleeves, one of which forms one himotoshi, the other large cord hole in the back. The wood bearing a beautiful, dark patina.HEIGHT 9.9 cmCondition: Very good condition, minor typical wear to exposed areas. Beautiful patina.Provenance: A noted private collection, USA, purchased from Bonhams, Netsuke from a European Private Collection, 8 May 2016, London, lot 146.Auction comparison:Compare to a related wood netsuke of Seiobo, by Hasegawa Ikko, dated to the early 19th century, at Zacke, Fine Netsuke & Sagemono, 16 April 2021, Vienna, lot 173 (sold for 9,150 EUR). Another related wood netsuke of Seiobo was sold at Bonhams, Fine Netsuke from a French Private Collection, 4 November 2020, London, lot 19 (sold for 7,312 GBP).13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

SHUGETSU: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF THE SAMBIKI SARU (THREE WISE MONKEYS)By Shugetsu, signed Shugetsu 舟月Japan, Edo (Tokyo), first half of 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)A compact and finely carved netsuke of the sambiki saru, also referred to as the three wise monkeys. The three primates are huddled together, each using their hands to cover the others' ears, eyes, or mouth. Their fur is neatly incised and their features, such as the eyes, fingers, and toes, are well-detailed. Signed on one of the monkeys' backs SHUGETSU – probably Shugetsu II. Himotoshi underneath between one of the paws.HEIGHT 3.8 cmCondition: One foot with old repair to the toes, otherwise in excellent condition with minor wear.Literature comparison: Monkeys appear to be a rare subject for the Shugetsu line of carvers. For an example of a single monkey performing the sambiki saru by Shugetsu I, see Scholten Japanese Art (2001) Expressions of Style, p. 123, no. 152.

SHUGETSU SHIZAN: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A MAN CUTTING A GIGANTIC GOURDBy Shugetsu, signed Shugetsu 舟月 with seal Shizan 紫山Japan, Edo (Tokyo), 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Intricately carved as a farmer dressed only in a loincloth and wearing a headband, squatting and straining to cut through a gigantic gourd with a large saw. Note the beautifully detailed expression and crisply carved hands and feet. Signed to the side of the gourd SHUGETSU and with seal Shizan, the seal quite brilliantly resembling the natural underside of the gourd. The art name Shizan was inscribed only on the best pieces by the master. Natural himotoshi.HEIGHT 3.3 cmCondition: Very good condition. Minor wear, a tiny chip to the headband in the back.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.Museum comparison:A closely related wood netsuke of a man cutting a gourd is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 81.1.118.

A FINE EDO SCHOOL WOOD NETSUKE OF A BOY WEARING AN ONI MASKUnsigned Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved, the boy kneeling as he holds an oni mask up in front of his face, holding the string with both hands, wearing a voluminous robe, the fine incision work heightened with dark staining, the back with two asymmetrical, generously excavated himotoshi. HEIGHT 3.3 cmCondition: Very good condition, appealingly worn, few tiny nicks.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.Museum comparison: Compare a related wood netsuke by Ryuzan, 3.5 cm high, dated second half of 19th century, in the State Hermitage Museum, inventory number ЯР-1026.

RYUSEI: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF AN ACTOR WITH A BUAKU MASKBy Ryusei, signed Ryusei 龍生Japan, Edo (Tokyo), mid-19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Well carved to depict an actor seated with legs crossed, holding a large sake bowl with both hands over his lap, his expression betraying a state of inebriation, his face well detailed and hair neatly incised. The actor wears a typical robe incised with roundels and cloud designs, a Buaku mask carved from ivory tied to his forehead and hanging to the side of his head. The underside with two asymmetrical himotoshi, the larger of which is generously excavated to accommodate the knot, beside an ivory-inlaid rectangular reserve signed RYUSEI.LENGTH 3.3 cmCondition: Excellent condition with minor wear.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.Literature comparison:Compare a related wood netsuke by Ryukei, depicting an actor wearing a Buaku mask, which is carved from coral, along with a karako, 4.3 cm high, dated 19th century, illustrated in Zacke (1985) Netsuke und Inro aus Japan, no. 9.(contrary to the prior lot description, this is actually by Ryusei and not by Ryukei)

AN AMUSING EDO SCHOOL WOOD NETSUKE OF A MOXA CONTORTIONISTUnsignedJapan, Edo (Tokyo), first half of 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)An amusingly crafted wood netsuke of a contorted man lying on his back, crossing his arms and legs, one foot touching a straw basket which he wears as a hat. The man is visibly in pain, his face twisted in a grimace. The cause is quickly revealed when turning the netsuke as six moxa pellets are inlaid in dark horn to his back. Natural himotoshi. The wood bearing a good patina.LENGTH 3 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor typical surface wear.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.Moxibustion is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy used to heat particular points of the body by using burning dried mugwort.Museum comparison:Compare to an ivory netsuke depicting the same subject in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), accession number M.91.250.130.

HOKYUDO ITSUMIN: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF A BLIND MAN CLEANING HIS TEETHBy Hokyudo Itsumin (active 1830-1870), signed Hokyudo Itsumin 逢丘堂丘堂 to 刀 Japan, Edo (Tokyo), c. 1830, Edo period (1615-1868)The blind man of slender stature, wearing geta sandals and a long robe opening at the chest, tied at his waist with a broad obi suspending a kinchaku (pouch) and kiseruzutsu (pipe case), supporting himself on a cane, and cleaning his teeth using a fusayoji (tufted toothpick). The back with asymmetrical himotoshi, the larger hole of oval shape. The wood with a fine, dark patina.HEIGHT 8 cmCondition: Excellent condition with minor wear.Provenance: Max Rutherston Ltd., London, United Kingdom. A noted private collection, USA, acquired from the above. Chew sticks are twigs or roots of certain plants that are chewed until one end is frayed. This end can be used to brush against the teeth, while the other end can be used as a toothpick. The earliest chew sticks have been dated to Babylonia in 3500 BC and an Egyptian tomb from 3000 BC. They are mentioned in Chinese records dating from 1600 BC, in the Ayurvedas around the 4th century BC and in Tipitaka, in the Buddhist Canon around the 5th century BC in India. The custom came to Japan with Buddhism and became popular during the mid-Edo period. Fusayoji (tufted toothpicks) were made from fragrant trees such as willow and black letters and were sold at shrine precincts.Everyday figural subjects are rare in Itsumin's work and this is likely an early work by the Edo school netsukeshi.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

A WOOD NETSUKE OF AN ONI AT SETSUBUN, ATTRIBUTED TO ROKKOAttributed to Rokko, unsignedJapan, Tokyo, late 19th century Finely carved as a running oni attempting to flee as he is being pelted with soybeans, holding a large straw hat over his back and head, his two horns poking through the hat, which has already suffered some well-executed 'damage', the demon's muscles well detailed and heightened by skillful staining. His hair, brows, and garment are neatly incised. The eyes are inlaid with dark horn, the mouth agape in an agonized expression showing teeth and sharp fangs. HEIGHT 4 cmCondition: Excellent condition with minimal wear. Provenance: Van Ham, 8 June 2017, Cologne, lot 1520 (sold for 2,193 EUR). A noted private collection, USA, acquired from the above.The Setsubun festival is celebrated during the first day of spring and includes the rite of oni-yarai or mame-maki, where roasted beans are thrown at oni to rid the coming year of any demons and disease-bringing spirits. Sometimes, families also hang sardines and holly outside their doors, both of which were traditionally deemed unappealing to demons and thus also contribute to keeping the home free of evil spirits. Literature comparison: Compare a closely related wood netsuke of an oni at Setsubun by Rokko, 4.5 cm high, dated 19th century, illustrated in Sagemonoya (2001) Netsuke That Never Left Japan, no. 25. Compare a closely related wood netsuke of an oni at Setsubun by Rokko, 5.7 cm high, dated 19th century, illustrated in Galerie Zacke (1982) Netsuke, no. 112.13% VAT will be added to the hammer price additional to the buyer's premium – only for buyers within the EU.

MIWA: A CHARMING WOOD NETSUKE OF HOTEI YAWNINGBy Miwa, signed Miwa 三輪 with kakihanJapan, Edo (Tokyo), first half of 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)The pot-bellied lucky god wearing a loosely fitted robe and holding both hands to the side of his face as he lets out a cavernous yawn. The well-toned wood bearing a good patina. Large, asymmetrical himotoshi underneath, the smaller hole ringed in stained bone, and signed MIWA with a typical square seal-shaped kakihan.HEIGHT 3.1 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor wear.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.

A MASTERFUL AND VERY RARE LACQUERED WOOD NETSUKE OF IZUMO NO OKUNIUnsignedJapan, 18th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Published: Stern, Harold P. (1972) The Magnificent Three: Lacquer, Netsuke, and Tsuba; Selections from the Collection of Charles A. Greenfield, New York, Japan Society, no.13 (unillustrated).Kurstin, Joseph & Lorin, Gilles (2006) The Peacock's Feather, Gentlemen's Jewelry of Old Japan, no. 9.Yoshida, Yukari & Kurstin, Joseph, Questions & Answers (2007) International Netsuke Society Journal (INSJ) vol.27, no.1, p.12, fig.3.Exhibited: Japan House Gallery, New York, 1972.Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens, Delray Beach, Florida, January 10-March 18, 2007.Izumo no Okuni, the foundress of the kabuki theatre, depicted here dancing elegantly, one hand touching her head and the other holding a fan, an eboshi placed in a peculiar position on her head, a long katana and a set of shide (Shinto ritual paper streamers) thrust in her obi (sash), visible in the back. Her expression is carved sensitively, signifying her beauty which she was famous for, and her kimono is adorned with various mon-roundels and neatly engraved patterns. The well-toned wood is superbly polished and lacquered in gold, the surface beautifully worn with a dark, warm patina. Asymmetrical himotoshi through the back, above and below the katana.HEIGHT 8.2 cmCondition: Very good condition, the gold lacquer beautifully worn.Provenance: Ex-collection T. Tsuruoka and Charles A. Greenfield. Ex-collection Joe Kurstin. Dr. M. Joseph 'Joe' Kurstin (1931-2021) was a prominent Miami ophthalmologist who arguably built one of the greatest netsuke collections of all time. He was known by netsuke and inro lovers worldwide and made many lifelong friends in this tight-knit community. He published several books and articles on the subject and generously lent his collection for exhibitions at the Yale University Gallery, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Epcot Center at Disney World, and The Tobacco and Salt Museum, Tokyo.As Joe Kurstin writes in INSJ vol. 27, no. 1, the subject was identified by Yukari Yoshida. Izumo no Okuni (1572-1610) is credited as being the foundress of the kabuki theatre. She was a shrine virgin (miko) of Izumo Taisha Shrine and was well known for her skills in dancing and acting, as well as for her great beauty. It was the custom of the time to send priests and miko out to solicit contributions for the shrine and thus she was sent to Kyoto to perform sacred dances and songs. Her original and exotic style of dance, known for its sultriness and sexual innuendo, became hugely popular and was labeled Kabuki, which derived from a 16th century colloquial expression, She is thought to have begun performing her new art style of kabuki theatre in the dry riverbed of the Kamo River in Kyoto. Okuni's troupe quickly gained immense popularity, and were known for their performers, who were often lower-class women Okuni had recruited to act in her all-female theatre group.

MIWA: A CHARMING WOOD NETSUKE OF DAIKOKU EMERGING FROM A RICE BALEBy Miwa, signed Miwa 三輪 with kakihanJapan, Edo (Tokyo), first half of 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Carved as a group of two rice bales and a treasure bag, the God of Wealth Daikoku emerging from the largest bale in the middle, holding his wish-granting mallet up high, the top carved with a tama jewel, the entire composition set on a flat circular base. Large, asymmetrical himotoshi underneath, the smaller hole ringed in stained bone, and signed MIWA with a typical square seal-shaped kakihan. A charming and spirited little carving, Daikoku's expression neatly detailed, the wood bearing a good patina.HEIGHT 3.1 cmCondition: Very good condition. Small chip to the side of the base, some minor wear to exposed areas.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.

MIWA: A FINE WOOD NETSUKE OF TWO SHISHIMAI PERFORMERSBy Miwa, signed Miwa 三輪 with kakihanJapan, Edo (Tokyo), first half of 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)Finely carved as a group of two shishimai performers, one in the back sitting upright and wearing an Okame mask behind his head, his face minutely incised with a jovial expression. The other performer is hidden within the shishimai costume, his remarkably well-carved face hidden within the jaws of the lion head, the eyes of the mask double-inlaid in bone and dark wood. Very large, generously excavated himotoshi underneath and signed MIWA with a typical square seal-shaped kakihan.HEIGHT 2.9 cmCondition: Very good condition with minor wear and traces of use around the himotoshi. Good patina.Provenance: From the collection of Gaston Lazard (1878-1956) and his wife Jane Levy (1886-1985) and thence by descent within the same family.The Shishimai festival was imported from China during the Tang dynasty and is celebrated during the New Year to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits.Literature comparison:Compare to two closely related wood netsuke, by Miwa, illustrated in Arakawa, Hirokazu (1983) The Go Collection of Netsuke. Tokyo National Museum, pp. 102-105, nos. 188 & 192.

MUGAI: A RARE WOOD NETSUKE OF A BLIND FISHERMAN TAMING THE NAMAZUBy Mugai, signed Mugai 夢外Japan, late 18th to early 19th century, Edo period (1615-1868)An unusual and spirited carving, depicting a blind fisherman clad only in a fundoshi, his enlarged testicle slipping out, his face with an amusingly distorted expression, one eye closed and the other bulging, as he tries to tame the namazu with his tiny gourd – an amusingly futile attempt. The gigantic namazu appears to be smiling, the expressions of the two providing a humorous contrast. The namazu's eyes are inlays of black wood. Large, asymmetrical, and generously excavated himotoshi underneath and signed MUGAI - The artist is exceedingly rare with only very few examples recorded. The well-toned wood bearing a beautiful, dark patina.LENGTH 5.2 cmCondition: Very good condition, some fine age cracks and light surface scratches. Good patina.Provenance: From an old Swiss private collection, Geneve, purchased at Sotheby's, 16 July 1973, London, lot 153.Legend has it that certain types of catfish (namazu) are responsible for the earthquakes that plague the islands of Japan. When aroused, these creatures would contort their bodies in such a way that gigantic tremors shook the area for miles and miles. The Shinto deity Kadori Myojin usually attempts to prevent such catastrophe with the help of his magic gourd.

SHOKO: AN AMUSING WOOD NETSUKE OF A BLINDMAN AND PUPPYBy Shoko Sugonoya, signed Shoko 尚古Japan, Hida-Takayama, second half of 19th centuryA finely carved and humorous wood netsuke of a blindman with a large bump on his head, one eye closed and the other inlaid eye bulging, his face grimacing as a small puppy pulls on his kimono, the poor man swinging his cane backwards to fend off the mischievous animal. Natural himotoshi and signed SHOKO on the geta underneath the puppy, the other is worn by the blind man.HEIGHT 4.6 cmCondition: Excellent condition, minor wear.Museum comparison: Compare to a related wood netsuke of a blindman, by Shoko, in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), accession number M.91.250.160.

MASATAMI: A VERY FINE IVORY NETSUKE OF A RAT ON CHESTNUTBy Masatami (Shomin), signed Masatami 正民Japan, Tokyo, mid to late 19th centuryVery finely carved and beautifully stained to depict a rat awkwardly clambering on a chestnut, the nut realistically rendered with various polished and stippled textures, as well as simulated worm rot. The rat is exquisitely carved with superbly incised fur and large inlaid eyes of dark buffalo horn. The well-carved tail curves around the underside and touches the rodent's body to the side. Himotoshi on either side of the tail and signed MASATAMI – the carver is best known for his idiosyncratic carvings of monkeys, but did occasionally carve rats as well, this is the finest example we have encountered.LENGTH 3.2 cmCondition: The tips of the ears repaired. Otherwise very good condition with minor wear and few fine age cracks.Provenance: From the collection of Dr. Ferdinand and Dr. Gudrun Thaler-Szulyovsky, and thence by descent in the same family. The couple, who had both been practicing law, met in 1967 through their mutual passion for art. Together they built a substantial and diverse art collection including many fine netsuke.Museum comparison:Masatami carved several netsuke depicting monkeys with chestnuts, however the present model of a rat with chestnut appears to be rare. Compare to an ivory netsuke of a monkey with chestnut, by Masatami, in the collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, accession no. 10.211.1065.Auction comparison:Compare to a closely related ivory netsuke of two rats on a fan, by Masatami, sold at Lempertz, Netsuke und Sagemono inkl. Sammlung Kolodotschko V, 9 June 2017, Cologne, lot 602 (sold for 2,728 EUR).Trade Certificate: The trade certificate for the sale of this lot within the EU has been granted (permit number AT 22-B-0456).This item contains ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and/or some types of tropical wood and is subject to CITES when exporting outside the EU. It is typically not possible to export such items outside of the EU, including to the UK. Therefore, after this item has the necessary trade certificate, it can only be shipped within the EU or picked up in our gallery in person.