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A LARGE NEOLITHIC PERIOD AXE, SCANDINAVIAN, CIRCA 2500 BC of amber colour, the polished top and bottom tapering to an edge 29.1 cm; 11 1/2 in Provenance Stated to have been found in Jutland, Denmark

A RARE POLISHED NEOLITHIC PERIOD AXE, SCANDINAVIAN, CIRCA 2500 BC of amber colour and with a thick neck 28.1 cm; 11 in

A LARGE NEOLITHIC PERIOD AXE, SCANDINAVIAN, CIRCA 2500 BC of amber colour and polished on all sides 26.5 cm; 10 1/2 in

A NEOLITHIC PERIOD AXE, SCANDINAVIAN, CIRCA 2500 BC of amber colour, the top and bottom polished 14.8 cm; 5 7/8 in Provenance Stated to have been found in Lake Veng, circa 30 miles west of Aarhus, Denmark

A NEOLITHIC PERIOD PREFORM TO AN AXE HEAD, SCANDINAVIAN, CIRCA 2500 BC 19.8 cm; 7 7/8 in Provenance Stated to have been found in North Jutland, Denmark

‡A HIGHLY DECORATED WAR HAMMER AND AXE IN TURKISH LATE 16TH/17TH CENTURY STYLE, LATE 19TH CENTURY the axe-head with curved blade, moulded terminal and rear pean each formed with a round flat face, the head decorated with a fan-shaped arrangement of engraved silver and brass panels and cut with an inscription over each of the back edges; the hammer head with chisel-shaped leading edge, and long rear fluke with tapering rectangular point, decorated en suite with the axe, and incorporating an inlaid inscription, 'amal al-mu'allim sa 'id bi-tatwan 'am 1290' ("Work of the teacher Sa'id in Tetouan, year 1290 (1873-4)), each on a decorated wooden haft 61.0 cm; 24 in and 63.5 cm; 25 in overall (2) Provenance Sotheby's, 10th October 1991, lot 284

TWO VIKING AXE-HEADS, 10TH/11TH CENTURY each of broad "bearded" form with a flared blade having a reinforced gently convex cutting-edge that projects forwards and downwards slightly more at the front than at the rear, and a robust socket with projecting langets front and rear, those of one more prominent than the other (in excavated condition with pitted and oxidised surfaces) The first: 15.3 cm by 18.0 cm; 6 in by 7 in; the second: 18.2 cm by 16.7 cm; 7 1/8 in by 6 ½ in (2)

FOUR EASTERN EUROPEAN AXE-HEADS, 11TH TO 13TH CENTURIES the first two of Kirpichnikov's type IV with moderately broad blades having a gently convex cutting-edge that projects forward and downwards very slightly at the front and are cropped at the rear, slender necks and sockets with short langets projecting forwards and backwards from their upper surfaces; the third of Kirpichnikov's type V with broad blade having a straight cutting-edge that projects forward and downwards very slightly at the front and is cropped at the rear, long slender neck and socket with rearward projection at its upper surface and short langets projecting backwards from their lateral surfaces; and the fourth a rounder and heavy version of the same type without langets (all in excavated condition with pitted and oxidised surfaces; the second flaking) The first: 19.0 cm; 17 ½ in, the second: 17.0 cm; 6 6/8 in, the third: 22.6 cm; 8 7/8 in, the fourth: 18.7 cm; 7 ¼ in (4)

AN OX BONE ICE SKATE, VIKING OR MEDIEVAL, SCANDINAVIAN together with a cut silver ingot of Viking/Medieval type; a group of Viking period items including three axe pendants two with punched circular decoration, a pendant whetstone fragment, two strap distributor fragments, a comb with dragon heads and punched circular decoration, and a bent zoomorphic arm ring; an iron fire-steel, possibly Baltic; a Viking period pottery bowl; a steel block with three grooves for a smith to make silver wires of different thicknesses; a bronze sliding lock piece, possibly Roman; a pendant whetstone; and a box containing a miscellaneous collection of iron and bronze including an iron Medieval padlock and fragments of Baltic bronze penannular brooches and rings the ice skate: 31.7cm; 12 1/2 in, the ingot: 7 cm; 2 3/4 in (16)

A BEAD NECKLACE, BALTIC, 11TH CENTURY OR LATER, A NECKLACE WITH GLASS AND AMBER BEADS, BALTIC, 9TH TO 12TH CENTURY, AND SEVEN FURTHER PIECES OF EARLY JEWELLERY the bead necklace with five bronze cross pendants and two silver disc-shaped 'shield' pendants with punched decoration, bronze spiral beads and tubes, the tubes with gold leaf decoration, and glass beads; the necklace with glass and amber beads including some with gold leaf; together with three further necklaces from the Baltic region dating from the 9th to 12th Centuries, four axe pendants, and four loose beads; one necklace with glass and bronze beads, cowrie shells and a bear-tooth pendant, another with glass beads and cowrie shells, and the third with small beads; two axe pendants of silver and two of bronze, one with ring and dot and the other with punched decoration (all necklaces re-strung but stated to be as-found) (9 plus 4 beads)

ONE GOLD AND TEN SILVER COINS, VIKING AND OTHER, AND FURTHER JEWELLERY five with punched holes for turning into pendants and two with bronze loops attached, together with a decorated Slavic silver bead; a heart-shaped decorated silver mount and animal-head silver mount with similar decoration, possibly Magyar, 10th to 12th Century; a decorative floral pendant, a bronze wolf-head mount; a bronze double-headed dragon pendant with punched circular decoration; a bronze axe head pendant; two lengths of bronze chain, one with a bell attached; two bronze singular bells; a group of three joined bronze bells; a pair of small silver tubular rings, Baltic, 9th to 12th Century; four attachment plates for chains (fragments), Baltic, 10th/11th Century; and some other silver and bronze fragments (41)

AN IRON AXE-HEAD IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN 17TH CENTURY STYLE, 19TH CENTURY with main blade formed with a small 'beard' and pierced with four holes, stout rear pean formed with a basal moulding and short socket 27.0 cm; 10 5/8 in

A GERMAN HALBERD, LAST QUARTER OF THE 16TH CENTURY with tapering terminal spike of diamond-section, axe-blade struck with two marks, an eagle and a bindenschild, on one face (later), rear fluke, a pair of straps, on its wooden haft (wormed) fitted with an additional pair of iron straps, and later iron shoe 129.0 cm; 50 3/4 in head

A DECORATED HALBERD IN 16TH CENTURY STYLE, 19TH CENTURY cast in one piece, with rounded axe-blade, tapering terminal blade, rear spike and tubular socket, with traces of etched scrollwork (pitted) 71.0 cm; 28 in

A Wicker Basket Containing Leather Harness, Hand Axe, Horse Shoe etc

Collection of tools etc to include sledge hammer and axe

Collection of four seals, to include an example with a lion, an axe above a monogram seal, Courage above TW and a plain example, (4)

Aboriginal hafted stone headed axe with original paint decoration-length 52cm (20½")

A late 19c French figural mantel clock with single train movement and 3in diam cream enamel dial with arabic numerals and floral swags to the centre. It is contained in a stepped onyx case the central dias supporting a spelter figure of Dugueselin with his sword and axe. The case has large gilt spelter scroll feet and side supporting brackets. The clock stands 18in tall overall.

A large chrome moneybox in the form of a log on stand, mounted with an axe on rectangular base. Est. £50 - £80.

Quantity of Garden Tools to include Pick Axe

Japanese Meiji Period Excellent Carved Ivory Figure Depicts Male Figure Standing and Holding an Axe and Staff with Basket Strapped to Back, Red Seal to Underside of Figure. Standing 7.25 Inches - 18.20 cm. Age Related Patina.

A jewel encrusted axe hammer

ROCK / GUITAR HEROES / AXE WARRIORS - LPs/12"s. Smart collection of about 50 x LPs and 6 x 12"s. Titles/artists Taste, Silverhead, Peace Pipe, Cry Of Love, Jeff Beck, Beck-Ola, Jeff Beck With The Jan Hammer Group Live, Take This!, Mick Ralphs, Robert Plant, The Principle of Moments, Pictures at Eleven, In The mood, Your Ma Said You Cried In Your Sleep Last Night, Burning Down One Side, Jimmy Page, Outrider, Calling To You, Now and Zen, Kingdom Come, In Your Face, Rory Gallagher, Tattoo, Marillion, Script For A Jester's Tear, Fugazi, Real To Reel, Misplaced Childhood, Easter, Uninvited Guest, Clutching At Straws, Some Come Running, Short Cut Draw Blood, Oh How We Danced, Robin Trower, Back It Up, Victims Of The Fury. Condition is generally Ex to Ex+.

ROCK / GUITAR HEROES / AXE WARRIORS - LPs. Smart collection of about 40 x LPs. Titles/artists include Windows, Deke Leonard, Iceberg, Kamikaze, Dave Mason, Gamma 2, Ronnie Montrose, Gamma 1, Peter Frampton, I'm In You, Humble Pie, Back Home Again, Frampton Comes Alive!, Frampton's Camel, Something Happening, Wind Of Change, Rock On, Go For The Throat, On To Victory, Thunderbox, Eatfit, Smokin', Rockin' The Fillmore, The Humble Pie Collection, Steve Marriott, Packet Of Three, 30 Seconds To Midnight, Rod Argent, Counterpoints, Moving Home, Argent An Anthology, Encore, All Together Now, Ring Of Hands, In Deep, Foreigner, Double Vision, Feels Like The First Time. Condition is generally Ex to Ex+.

METAL / HEAVY / HARD ROCK - LPs. Stirrin' collection of 40 x LPs. Titles/artists include Appetite For Destruction (withdrawn sleeve, 924 148-1, Ex/VG+), South Of Heaven (924 203-1, Ex+/Ex), Let There Be Rock (K 50 366, Ex/Ex), AC DC, If You Want To Blood, Power Age, Motley Crue, Quartz, White Spirit, Queensryche, Judas Priest, Unveiling the Wicked, Exciter, Ozzy Osbourne, Bark At The Moon, Girl School, Def Leppard, Riot Narita, Saxon, Wheels Of Steel, Power & The Glory, Axe, Nemesis, UFO, Force It, Def Leppard, On Through The Night, Meat Loaf, Bat Out Of Hell, Van Halen, Women And Children First, Denim And Leather, Rising, Rainbow, Aerosmith, Strong Arm Of The Law, Tygers Of Pan Tang, Wild Cat, Hard N' Heavy, Anthrax, Ram It Down, High N Dry, Thin Lizzy, Bad Reputation, Kiss, Destroyer, Creatures Of The Night, For Those About To Rock , In Trance, Skid Row, Get Your Wings, Scorpions, World Wide Live. Condition is generally Ex to Ex+, however please note that the sleeves vary.

A MALTESE AXE HEAD GLASS VASE, second half 20th century, of typical form with amethyst and green streaky interior in a sea green casing, unmarked, original "Malta House, Gallerie La Vallette" label (detached), 11 3/4" high (Est. plus 21% premium inc. VAT)

A steel axe, 19th century, the lacquered wooden shaft with the upper part encased in copper, the faceted and ring turned iron grip with a ring turned pommel, 91.5cm long.

An Indian All-Metal Axe19th Century, Probably KutchWith steel head with crescentric cutting-edge and decorated over both sides with chased silver-gilt flower-heads and foliage against a punched silver ground, faceted socket and waisted block-shaped peen en suite, tubular haft in three stages decorated en suite with the head, and with threaded chased silver-gilt terminal with bud-shaped terminal and opening to reveal a slender double-edged blade of flattened hexagonal section; together with an Indian kora, late 19th century, with characteristic single-edged blade widening to a 'fish-tail' point, chiselled along both sides with foliage and deities, one in encrusted brass, and hilt of tulwar form without knuckle-guard; a Balinese kris, 19th century, with slightly waved pattern-welded blade, silver mendak embossed with foliage and figured Garuda hilt, in its scabbard with characteristic sarongan; a pipe tomahawk in Native American Indian style, with bronze head of characteristic form cast with a crescent moon and four stars on one side, on wooden haft partly bound with copper wire and also forming the pipe-stem; and a WWII period F-S fighting knife, with swelling ribbed copper grip, in its leather scabbard with copper chape and leather suspension tabs (5)The first 13 cm. head This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: *

A Shorter & Son, Stoke on Trent porcelain Mug, of a miner with hardhat and pick axe as handle; together with a painted transfer Plate of a miner after David Fisher. (2)

CHESTER SILVER TOPPED WALKING CANE and others, extending line poles, garden umbrella and a woodman's axe

Late 14th-early 15th century AD. A long Western European two-handed sword of German origin, the pommel, circular (type H1 or H2), is mounted on a guard and presents a latten inlaid cross within a circle, the cross guard style, curved, corresponding to type 1; the hilt is formed by a hand-and-a-half grip; the blade, tapering sharply, is of hexagonal section, well enough preserved beneath the smooth, richly dark patina of Goethite, with no significant pitting in any part, but the sides of the blade are showing strong corrosion and damage due to the actual use on the battlefield; the shallow fuller is running about one third of the length; beautifully balanced and ready in the hand. See J. Oakeshott, R.E., The Archaeology of the weapons, London,1960; Oakeshott, E., Sword in hand, London, 2001; Oakeshott, E. Records of the Medieval Sword, Woodbridge, 1991. 1.8 kg, 1.33m (52 1/2"). From an important private family collection of arms and armour; acquired on the European art market in the 1980s, and thence by descent; accompanied by an academic report by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato. This sword has good parallels in various similar specimens (Oakeshott, 2001, fig.106), ranging from the second half of 14th century to 1450 AD. The pommel recalls at least two swords preserved in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, one of them presenting also a similar but less curved crossguard (Oakeshott, 1991, pp.161-162"). A third sword in the Philadelphia Museum shows instead a complete identical cross-guard (Oakeshott, 1991, p.164), but a completely different pommel. The blade is very similar to that of a specimen once in the Oakeshott collection, and now in the Nationalmuseet of Copenhagen (Oakeshott, 1991, p.160"). Swords of this type all have the same bladeform, but considerably varied hilts, and examples have been found all over Europe. Many survive; perhaps the finest of them all is one which was found in the River Cam, preserved now in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge (Oakeshott, 1960, pl.16c"). Another very important specimen, second only to the Cambridge example, with a similar blade but a totally different hilt was, at the times in which Oakeshott wrote his Archaeology of the Weapons, in a famous and very choice private collection in Denmark. This is one which was put in the Hall of Victories at Alexandria, presumably as a trophy, by the Mamluks. There are many such trophies, swords of Italian fashion and of fourteenth-century types, with Arabic inscriptions applied to their blades after being deposited in this Arsenal by the Mamluk Sultans of Egypt. Some were probably acquired as gifts from merchants or embassies from Genoa, Pisa or Venice, but others are undoubtedly the spoils of war, captured from Christian forces based on Cyprus. In 1365 one such force (under Peter of Lusignan, titular King of Jerusalem) made an attack upon Cairo. It was beaten off, and several swords bear witness to Peter's defeat. Type XVII is characterised by being, in first instance, a big 'bastard' sword, with no samples of short-grips. It was a long 'Sword of War'. The flat round/oval pommel appears here as in the most part of the samples of such category (the 75%), and because the pommel shape and decoration, the sword can still be included in the chronological framework of the second half of XIV century, without excluding the first half of XV century. The noteworthy element of this sword is its pommel with the inlaid cross. The presence of the cross suggests the belonging of the weapon to some military order of Chivalry. Considering that the Templars were destroyed at the time in which our sword was made, the main candidates could be the Hospitallers or the Teutonic Knights. Or even, the sword could have belonged to some warrior who decided to take part to the crusade expeditions against the Turks. Blade and handle is well preserved. Most probably our specimen is from a battlefield or a river find. The evolution of the armour, in the western Europe of 14th century, shows an ever-increasing amount of defensive pieces. With an increase in the effective use of archers and foot soldiers beginning early in the XIV century, the largely mail-clad mounted warrior began to show an unprecedented level of vulnerability. In response to this, quite logically, was to augment the typical defences of the early 14th century (a mail suit, iron helm, and early plate defences for the legs) with additional plates of iron on other parts of the body. These plates were strapped over the existing mail, adding protection, in varying amounts, to the upper extremities and the torso. While these changes may have added some level of protection against foot soldiers and arrows, they had the effect of rendering older-style cutting swords ineffective against anyone wealthy enough to afford one of these so-called transitional harnesses (the transition being between basically mail only and full plate harnesses"). The difficulty encountered in wounding someone dressed like this led other weapons to rise in favour, most notably impact weapons like the mace, axe, and war-hammer. This comported in a parallel way the change in the making of the swords, creating types like the XVII, which ranged from 1350 to 1425-1450 circa, with some specimen reaching even the dawn of the 16th century. The sword had to change to retain its effectiveness on the battlefields. To combat the armour of the time, it was necessary to make greater use of the thrust to find vulnerable gaps and joints in an opponent's defences. The flat lenticular cross-sections so popular on earlier swords were not well-suited to the thrust, since they gave the blade a necessary measure of flexibility to aid the cut. The wide tip sections needed for heavy cleaving were also an impediment to thrusting. Different cross-sections and blade profiles, therefore, needed to be developed to give the stiffness and the proper tip shape required for thrusting. This was the combination which gave life to the swords of this typology: swords with a pronounced hexagonal section to add stiffness to the blade, of hand-and-a-half proportions, to take advantage of the extra power and manoeuvrability given by the addition of the second hand to the grip. Fine condition, repaired. Very rare.

Late 17th century AD. A long Western two-handed executioner sword of German making; the pear-shaped pommel is mounted on the original still preserved wooden grip; the cross guard is straight, ending with straight quillons; the double edged blade is broad and flat, without fullers, having a round tip and a three holes for the blood at the point; the sword is marked on both sides: on one side there is a circle inside which a Christian monogram (chi-ro) cross is inscribed, supported by a short staff; on the other side there is the image of a gallows, both inlaid in copper. See Fischer, Kunst und Antiquitätenauktion antike Waffen und militaria, Montag, 30. August, bis Montag, 6. September 2004, Luzern, 2004; Ni?oi A., Posea R., 'Spade de execu?ie ale ora?uluj Bra?ov ?n perioada medievalã ?i modernã', in Rela?ii Interetnice în Transilvania, Militaria Mediaevalia în Europa centralã si de sud-est, Sibiu, 2018, pp.113-126. 2 kg, 1.12cm (44 1/4"). From an important private family collection of arms and armour; acquired on the European art market in the 1980s, and thence by descent; believed originally from Liege, Belgium; accompanied by an academic report by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato. This Sword of Justice was employed for capital executions. The executioner sword was a symbolic and ‘facilitator’ of judicial law. Many courtrooms displayed executioner swords on their walls. Specimens similar to the sword here published are well known in public and private European collections (Fischer, 2004, cat.99 and 126"). The marks impressed on the blade are identical to a sample published by Fischer in the auction of 2004, having, like our specimen, a wide, flat, double-edged blade, marks, brass-plated wheel and gallows, with the adding of engraved scrolls and floral decor. A further similar model survives in the Medieval Crime Museum (Mittelalterliches Kriminalmuseum) in Germany. Such swords come at the tail end of the period in which swords were used in Europe for executions (a period from the 16th century to the 1720s. They feature similar characteristics: a long, heavy blade that ended not in a point but with a distinctive flat edge. The blades of the executioner’s swords were often decorated, and while in some cases the sword would be inscribed with the executioner’s name in other cases were put inscriptions like I spare no one – a brutal message for criminals (or poor victims or the state's reason) facing this sword’s edge. Sometimes the messages were more merciful, like in the case of a blade recently published by the Museum of the Artifacts, made in Germany in about 1600 AD: the inscriptions is saying: when I raise this sword, so i wish that this poor sinner will receive eternal life. The blades of executioner's swords were often decorated also with symbolic designs, showing instruments of execution or torture, or the Crucifixion of Christ (like in our specimen) combined with the moralistic inscriptions over mentioned. When no longer used for executions, an executioner's sword sometimes continued to be used as a ceremonial sword of justice, a symbol of judicial power. Recently, important samples of executioner's swords from Transilvania have been published by Anca Nitoi and Rozalinda Posea. Along with Sibiu and Cluj, the city of Brasov holds spectacular items with regards to late and early modern time executioner's swords. The three swords published by the Rumenian archaelogists ranges from the 16th to the XVIII century. The first two had a hilt very similar to the specimen here represented, and are considered by the authors as belonging to the Oakeshott sub-type XVIIIb of his sword's classification. Interesting are the three inscriptions on the blade of one of the XVI century sword: JESVS DIR LEB ICH, JESVS DIR STIRB ICH, DEIN BIN ICH TOT UND LEBENDING (Jesus for You I live; Jesus for You I die; I am Yours in life and in death"). The inscription confirms that in any case a sense of mercy was given to the condemned, letting him to repent of his sins until the end, even with a sort of blessing left on the blade destined to put end to his life. Most probably our specimen is coming from a palace as it is in such excellent condition. Executioners’ swords were more common in continental Europe from the 1400s, particularly Germany, with England still preferring the axe. The sword hilt was normally of conventional cruciform shape with a large counter-balancing pommel. It was very well constructed, with high-quality steel used for the manufacture of the blade. The blade edge was extremely sharp and it was a requirement of the executioner to keep it well honed so that the head of the victim could be severed in one mighty blow. Blades were broad and flat backed, with a rounded tip. These swords were intended for two-handed use, but were lacking a point, so that their overall length was typically that of a single-handed sword (ca. 80–90 cm (31–35 in)"). The quillons were quite short, and mainly straight, and the pommel was often pear-shaped (like in our specimen) or faceted. The sword was designed for cutting rather than thrusting, so a pointed tip (as in the case of military blades) was unnecessary. Differently from the arming sword and the double handed bastard sword of the late Renaissance and Baroque Age the tool of the executioner's sword was not designed for combat, instead being intended for the quick death – usually through decapitation – of the condemned. This weapon would not need to be combat worthy, but would still be capable of fulfilling its intended purpose. By the early 1700s swords were no longer used in Europe for executions, but they still functioned as symbols of power. However, the last executions by sword in Europe were carried out in Switzerland in 1867 and 1868, when Niklaus Emmenegger in Lucerne and Héli Freymond in Moudon were beheaded for murder. Swords are still used to carry out executions in Saudi Arabia. Fine condition. Very rare.

10th-12th century AD. A Viking or Norman Sword with a fine double-edged tapered blade, still retaining well-defined cutting edges and fullers, although the latter being extremely shallow with vague boundaries; traces of employment in fight are visible on the sides and on the point; the blade of the weapon is pattern-welded; the hilt is in excellent condition, comprising of a flat tapering tang and the typical, lower, thicker and shorter pommel of 'tea-cosy' form, with the lower and wider guard reaching a considerable length; overall, the hilt is plain, carrying no form of decoration, and yet, when all of its components are considered as a whole, the effect produced is one of harmony, balance and quality; the sturdy tang provides tremendous strength to the hilt of this long-bladed weapon. See Petersen, J., De Norske Vikingsverd, Oslo, 1919; Oakeshott, E. Records of the Medieval Sword, Woodbridge, 1991; Gravett, C., Medieval Norman Knight, 950-1204 AD, London, 1993; Peirce, I., Swords of the Viking Age, Suffolk, 2002. 853 grams, 92cm (36 1/4"). From an important private family collection of arms and armour; acquired on the European art market in the 1980s, and thence by descent; accompanied by an academic report by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato. This sword belongs to the known type X of Petersen (Petersen,1919, pp.158ff) and finds good parallels in various similar Viking age specimens. A very similar sword, with a similar hilt, is the Hagerbakken sword (s. Petersen, 1919, fig.124"). A second parallel can be represented by the sword kept in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, at the Downing College, Cambridge, found in the River Great Ouse and dating from c. 950-1000, an example is in excellent condition except for the large hole below the cross-guard, which presents iron inlays with inscriptions. Another good parallel is the sword from Vammala (Peirce, 2002, p.132), although the pommel of this latter is tiny than in our sword and yet most precisely formed, being of a 'tea-cosy' type in transition to a 'Brazil nut'. These are types of swords having simpler kind of ornamentation, and they occur in greater numbers, giving on the whole a domestic impression, though it is difficult to fully understand their origin of production, i.e. if local or imported in Viking countries. Contrary to types like B, C and F, these types belong to the late Viking Age, and they also represent a later period than type M, almost simultaneous with type Q, but preceding the last familiar type, type Æ. Our sword belongs to later and most usual of the two variants of type X, with its lower, thicker and shorter pommel and a lower and wider lower guard that at times can reach a considerable length, but that can also be quite short as in type M for example. The cross-section of the hilt is here evenly wide, with rounded ends, and not cut sharply across, which is otherwise usual with type M. The first group has upper hilts [pommels] that can reach a length of 7.8 cm. and a height of 5.1 cm. The second group has pommels with a length between 5.0 cm and 6.5 cm., the height is from 2.7 cm - 3.5 cm. The lower guard varies in length between 10.7 cm to an entire 17.7 cm. The height in the first group is up to 2.0 cm. and in the second group from 0.7 cm to 1.4 cm. At the time when Petersen wrote his huge work he knew not less than 49 specimens of this type, of which this later variant was the most usual. With respect to the actual typological development of the type, it is evident that the taller, slimmer pommels were the early ones, and the small, thick, blunt pommels were the later ones (see for instance the swords of type XI,1-2, Oakeshott,1991, p.54), with the smaller, thicker pommels following the longer lower guards. In particular we shall mention here the sword C 12217 from Sandeherred (Petersen, 1919, fig.129), where the transition to medieval swords has already begun. In this last sword the underside of the already begun to become convex. Blade and handle are very well preserved. Most probably our specimen is coming from a river or a battlefield. The piece is in excellent condition. According to the actual archaeological evidence, type X embraces a very extensive time period. It has been a usual statement given by archaeologists when they speak of this type, that generally it belonged to the end of the Viking Age. One has evidently thought in terms of the medieval forms, with the long straight guards and a more or less rounded pommel. It is however, not that simple, according to Petersen. It is evident that individual swords of the X-type belong among the latest of our swords from the Viking Age, i.e. the 11th and the 12th century. But it is equally evident that the first forms of this type appeared already in the first half of the 10th century. Equally certain, however, is that this type lasted until the very end of the Viking Age. Petersen pointed first one find as mentioned from Nomedal in Hyllestad, and also the over mentioned find c. 1292 from Hagerbakken, V. Toten, where the sword has that long lower guard and represents the best parallel for our sword. These are without doubt at least from the end of the 10th century, most likely even from the beginning of the 11th century. Also another find St. 2589 from Vestly, Lye, Stav. with axe blades of a marked M type, must belong to the last part of the Viking Age. With regards to the additional finds we must believe that these are thought to complete the remaining parts of the 10th century. Based on the available material it is difficult to determine with any more specificity, but we should observe that some swords represented on the Bayeux tapestry and employed by the warriors there represented show such typology (Sword of Harold, Gravett, 1993, p.12"). The swords with tea-cosy pommels were popular among the early Normans and late Vikings (Gravett, 1993, p.5, sample from Wallace collection in British Museum; s. also pp.13-14; pl.A,F"). Fine condition. Very rare.

2nd millennium BC. A bronze flat axe of Migdale Type with rounded butt and flared blade, chevron hatching to both faces. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 205. 364 grams, 14.5cm (5 3/4"). Property of a Norfolk collector; previously in the Simon Camm collection; found near Wetwangk, Yorkshire, UK, before 2000; accompanied by a copy of a collector's information sheet. Fine condition. Very rare.

2nd millennium BC. A bronze flat axe of Type Bandon Variant Swinton with shallow flanges to both faces, rounded butt and broad curved cutting edge. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 378. 344 grams, 13cm (5"). Property of a Norfolk collector; previously in the Simon Camm collection; found Barmby Moor, Pocklington, Yorkshire, UK, before 2000; accompanied by a copy of a collector's information sheet. Very fine condition, cleaned and conserved.

2nd millennium BC. A bronze palstave axe of Type Oxford with low-flanged sockets, heavy mid-stop and depression beneath, flared blade with midrib and raised lateral borders, slightly curved edge and square butt. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 799. 203 grams, 14cm (5 1/2"). Property of a Norfolk collector; acquired from the finder; found on the beach at Hengistbury Head, Dorset, UK; accompanied by a copy of a collector's information sheet. Fine condition, edge chipped.

2nd millennium BC. A bronze flanged axe with rounded butt, deep flanges and mid-stop, pelta-shaped blade with sharpening ledge above the curved edge. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 740. 378 grams, 12.5cm (5"). Property of a Norfolk collector; previously in the Simon Camm collection; formerly with Bonhams, 13 October 2006, lot 436 [part]; previously in the private collection of the late Trevor Cairns; ex. R.T. Clough, Yorkshire, UK, in the 1960s-early 1970s; accompanied by a copy of a collector's information sheet. Fine condition, cleaned and conserved. Rare.

A small collection of worked stone tools, including - Neolithic axe with polished cutting edge, 5.5ins, flint two-edged blade, 6.5ins, polished miniature jade stone axe (possibly Mayan), 1.5ins, and eleven others, various Provenance: From a collection formed in the mid-20th Century by the vendor's late Grandfather

A Collection of Three 19th/Early 20th Century Books Relating to the Nature and the Natural World to Include 1890 Edition of The Gardener's Assistant by Robert Thompson Published Blackie & Son Together, a Bound Edition of The Horse Its Treatment in Health and Disease Edited by Prof. J Wortley Axe, Divisional Volume VI anda 1889 Edition of A Naturalists Voyage by Charles Darwin

A 19th century French bronze sculpture titled Le Travail. The shirtless blacksmith forging a shield is raised on a rockwork base over a canted square plinth with an axe an a helmet beneath him. Signed A. Masjouille, 66cm high.Condition report intended as a guide only.Good green/brown patination with some patches of wear. No breaks or repair. 

Neolithic, a complete knapped and partially polished flint or chert axehead of probable Neolithic date, c. 4000-2500 BC. The axe is of broadly sub-rectangular form, with a tapered butt and straight sides which extend into a slightly convex cutting edge. Regular bifacial removals extend down the edges of the axe on both faces, though these become less and less pronounced towards its 'business end'-where the axe has been polished to a fine degree of sharpness. Manufactured on a piece of fine-grained flint or chert, greyish in colour with some pinkish/purple banding. Condition: very fresh, slight chip to butt end. Length: c. 177mm. Provenance: from an English collection, possibly of European extraction.

Ca.100 Ad. An interesting Roman silver knee type brooch; with attached silver axe pendants; Good condition; nice example; rare brooch; L:57mm/W:27mm; 2.24/ 1.06in; 20gr; From the private collection of European gentleman living in London, previously acquired on the 1980s.

Ca.1200-1500 AD. A nice battle iron axe-head with rectangular-section socket; decorated broad bearded blade with curved edge; Good Condition; mounted on a custom-made stand; H:215mm/H:200mm/L:180mm (without stand);8.46/7.87/7.09in; 1200gr; ; Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s

Ca. 2000 BC. Rare Luristan axe head; socket with a ribbed upper edge; ribbed chevrons to the rear face; the blade triangular in plan with convex edge and swept profile; Good Condition.H:180mm/H:150mm/L:125mm (without stand);7.09/5.91/4.92in; 540gr. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1990s in the UK and European art market.

Ca. 900 AD. Rare Medieval Scandinavian iron bearded Axe head; broad curved blade; Good condition; on a custom-made stand.H:150mm/H:140mm/L:145mm (without stand);5.91/5.51/5.71in; 650gr; Provenance: Old British collection of Ancient weaponry, acquired in the 1980s.

Ca.700-900 AD. A Beautiful Medieval Viking iron Axe Head and Hammer; fine example of Scandinavian weaponry; Good condition; on custom stand; H:165mm/L:170mm/H:103mm (without stand) 6.5/6.69/4.13in; 550gr; Provenance: Property of a London collector; from an important UK collection of Ancient art, formed in 1970s then passed by descent.

Ca. 1000 BC. A fine example of Bronze Age, Hallstatt culture battle axe.; beautiful cast; Fine green patina. Good Condition; on a custom made stand; H:160mm/L:195mm/H:125mm (without stand);6.3/7.68/4.92in; 1650gr; Provenance: From an old British collection formed in the 1990s; previously acquired in Germany.

Ca. 1100 AD. A rare Viking Era T-shaped iron axe head with flared socket; broad curved blade; Good Condition; on the custom stand; H:200mm/L:150mm/H:170mm (without stand);7.87/5.91/6.69in; 600gr; Provenance: Old British collection of Ancient weaponry, acquired in the 1980s.

Ca. 900 - 1100 AD. Rare Medieval Scandinavian iron Axe head with a broad curved blade; square-shaped shaft; decorated with a geometric pattern; Good condition; on a custom-made stand.H:195mm/L:180mm/H:120mm (without stand);7.68/7.09/4.72in; 1300gr; Provenance: Old British collection of Ancient weaponry, acquired in the 1980s.

Ca. 1250 - 650 BC. A cast axe head comprising a tubular socket flared adze to one side and axe blade to the other; supplied on a custom-made stand. Superb condition, green smooth patina. H:145mm/L:230mm/H:105mm (without stand);5.71/9.06/4.13in; 1400gr; Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK art market

Ca.700-900 AD A Beautiful Medieval Viking iron Axe Head and hammer with reconstructed wood handle; the handle is an exact reconstruction, decorated with copper sheets and leather. Good condition; L:790mm(axe handle)/L:185mm/H:100mm(axe only); 31.1in; 840gr; Property of a British collector; acquired in the 1980s

Ca.2000 BC.A very rare type of Bronze Age Luristan axe head formed by a heavy bronze crescent-shaped blade Axe head. Good condition; on the custom stand; H:410mm/H:360mm(without stand);16.14/14.17in; 1030gr; Provenance: From a private Oxfordshire collection; previously acquired before 2000 on the UK and European art market

Ca. 900 AD, Superb Viking iron battle hammer and axe head; expertly cleaned and conserved, mounted on a custom made stand; H:125mm/200x85mm(without stand);/7.87/3.35in; 815gr; Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1980s.

A BRONZE FIGURE OF A WOODCUTTER, modelled standing holding an axe over his left shoulder and a bundle of logs on his right shoulder. 19.5cm

A CHIPPENDALE PERIOD MAHOGANY PEMBROKE TABLE, with drop leaves and drawer to one end with brass axe-head handles and escutcheon, raised on square section legs joined by a shelf stretcher, moving on castors. 71cm high, 54cm wide (closed), 70cm deep

A WWII Ipswich fire service helmet together with a fireman's axe

Victorian gold shield and axe bar brooch, set with three rubies, eight diamonds and a pearl, dated 1896, Rd 29123 Condition Report Gold higher than 9ct otherwise not tested, approx 7.4gm, length = 62mm, good clean condition Click here for further images, condition, auction times & delivery costs

India.- Caunter (R.H.) Tableaux Pittoresques de l'Inde, fine engraved frontispiece, additional pictorial title and 20 plates after William Daniell, tissue guards, superb original pictorial white glazed boards, gilt, by C.Thevenon, both covers depicting an Indian lady with parasol and axe beside a temple and palm tree with a camel, peacocks and snake within a decorative border, spine gilt in compartments with title, crocodile, temple with elephant etc., g.e., some very light soiling to border but a good bright copy, preserved in the original white glazed card dust-jacket with roan label (slightly soiled and label chipped) and board slip-case with gilt border (a little rubbed and soiled), 8vo, Paris, London & St.Petersburg, 1836.

Late 19th Century Zulu Axesingle ended, crescent blade with long shaft. Polished bulbous ended handle. The lower handle with 7 cut out nicks.