33307 Preisdatenbank Los(e) gefunden, die Ihrer Suche entsprechen

Manuscript Ledger: W Hurley & Sons. Earliest entry 1907, last entry 1929,detailing building works undertaken to companies/organisations in Tralee with prices charged.

Austin Stack: Manuscript Letter dated 8/4/1918 on headed note paper of The Clarence Hotel in which he mentions 'John Dillion', 'up for the evening from Tullamore' and ' The fear is that they (the Anglo Irish) wull not give us a fight. We will give them a thorough thrashing should they do so' . Unique

Savoy Hours, Die.: The Savoy Hours. Les Heures de Savoy. New Haven, Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, MS 390. Faksimile Luzern, Quaternio Verlag (2017). 8° (Faksimile) Orig.-Maroquinlederband mit reicher Rücken- u. Deckelvergoldung in Leinenkassette. Eines von 680 num. Exemplaren. - "Die Savoy Hours bzw. der Teil, der nach fast 600 Jahren von ihnen übriggeblieben ist, begeistert den Betrachter mit herrlichster Buchmalerei. Wunderbare Farben, funkelndes Gold, elegante Proportionen. In den 50 Miniaturen agieren feingliedrige Figuren vor abwechslungsreichen Hintergründen, die durch goldene Gitter, Linien, Rauten, Ranken und Quadrate verziert sind. Vom Werkstattnachfolger des berühmten Pariser Buchmalers Jean Pucelle wurden sie geschaffen. Buchkunst, die bis heute fasziniert und Begehrlichkeiten weckt! Als bibliophiles Buchobjekt kommen die Savoy Hours in einem goldgeprägten Gewand daher das prächtigste Fragment eines verlorenen Meisterwerks" (Roger S. Wieck, The Morgan Library & Museum, New York). - Hint. Innendeckel mit aufgeklebt. Zettel: Gift Yale University Library.

A 1st Edition Winnie-the-Pooh by A.A. Milne - A Reproduction of the Original Manuscript, 1971, published by Methuen and Dutton, grey cloth cover in red card sleeve —10 ½in. (26.5cm.) high

MANN THOMAS: (1875-1955) German novelist, Nobel Prize winner for Literature, 1929. An important typescript MS, Thomas Mann, six pages (separate leaves), 4to, n.p., n.d. (1942), being the English language manuscript of Mann´s dramatic radio broadcast to Germany during World War II, entitled (in Mann´s hand) Why Hitler Cannot Win. The manuscript, with a number of corrections in the author´s hand (shown in bold italics), represents the full text of the essay as originally written by Mann and includes certain passages that do not appear in published versions. The opening paragraph states ´I will try to explain to you why Hitler cannot win. The answer is simple. He cannot win, because he must not win, because the abolition of his regime is such an obvious necessity that it must and will be accomplished at any price´, and the text continues, in part, ´Nobody in Europe, in Germany or the subjugated territories, should believe that perhaps the events in the far East, the conquests of Japan, could change the fate of the Third Reich in the slightest, or that the elimination of Hitler and his ilk is not sealed and decided. Like Germany last year and the year before that, Japan at present finds herself in the stage of easy victories. But the new order of the World will be decided by the coming peace treaty, not by the surprise attack of well prepared robbery on peaceful strength. This new order will not be determined by lust for revenge and punishment, but will give consideration, in a reasonable way, to the needs of the peoples. Everything is thinkable in this connection, even an outlet for the cramped people of Japan. But it is unthinkable that the world could agree to a continuance of the Hitler Regime. With Nazism the world cannot live, - nobody can live with it, not even its allies, and National Socialism does not omit anything, - cannot omit anything according to its nature - to hammer into humanity the necessity of its extirpation. A simple example of this is the treatment of Russian war prisoners by the Nazi High Command....described as a systematic assassination.....German Sentries have unmistakable orders to shoot as many of them as possible.....others are starved out, or the Nazis let them die of their wounds by withholding medical care. Thus it is done in the Polish war prison-camp Biala Podlaska, where......hundreds perish helplessly every day......The Polish community in which shelter is given to an escaped Russian by any of its members is massacred in its entirety, from the oldest man to the youngest infant. The tendency to cloak bestialism in legality is a familiar peculiarity of Nazism. Thus the mistreatment and murder of the Russian prisoners of war is based upon a military principle, invented especially for the justification of these crimes, and never heard before: hostile forces which are surrounded, trapped and cut off, according to German opinion, are already regarded as prisoners, and if they do not lay down arms their resistance is not considered as combat but as mutiny, by which they place themselves outside of the legal protection for prisoners of war. - What has German military honor come to? In former days an adversary who resisted bravely to the last was respected by his enemies. Today he is declared infamous. With what justification? Nobody understands that who does not understand the insane logic which National Socialism has employed from its very beginning, even before it grasped power......Crime itself establishes itself on earth as inviolable, as the power sanctified by God and History, and to lift a hand against it is a sacrilege punishable by death. The human spirit becomes still and silent in the face of such apocalyptic impudence. It will hardly yield to it, however....The United Nations knows what threatens them if Hitler wins. They know what they are in his eyes, in the eyes of Nazi Germany: vermin, human rubbish, inferior races destined for slavery, - destined to serve the lucid and chosen kingly nation of the Germans, after they have been adequately prepared for that morally and physically, their pride and manhood broken, after they have been reduced intellectually and biologically to such a degree that they can never again become a danger to the autocracy of the German barbarian nobility. The Polish example shows them how this is accomplished.....In France the means are only slightly more subtle.....Indeed, Nazism understands how to convince the world of the vital necessity for its abolishment! The free peoples....will continue to fight.....to clear the world of this pestilence of murderous arrogance.....What is called National Socialism is, historically speaking, a pernicious decay of ideas......the decay of the romantic nationalism.....which directed is special attention and careful scientific and poetic studies to the variations and refractions of humanity in the different national characters and cultures......A fateful history of corruption in Germany has made this movement which, it is true, always set liberty above equality, into a satanic religion of national arrogance and racism, into a crime aristocratism which claims the physical and spiritual world as German Lebensraum, and separates humanity into Germans and slaves. Once again: one cannot live with that. Under the domination of an idea of subjugation which has lost all moral and religious inhibition, no happiness, no liberty, no dignified human existence is possible on earth. After a long alck of understanding and an inability to believe it, humanity has understood that this shameless mischief must be beaten and exterminated if life on earth is not to become a hell of infamy.....The subjugated peoples of Europe who groan under the scourge of an indescribable scoundrelism must know that the day of their liberation will come. Man is a weak being tied to nature; but he carries in himself a divine, spiritual spark, the idea of right, of dignity, of liberty, and this spark will not be extinguished´. A document of powerful content. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, and with slight paperclip indentation marks to the upper left corners of each page, VGWhen Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann fled to Switzerland and, upon the outbreak of World War II in 1939, he moved to America. The novelist is one of the best known exponents of Exilliteratur, the German literature written in exile by those who opposed the Hitler regime.On the outbreak of World War II Mann was prompted to offer anti-Nazi speeches (in German) to the German people via the British Broadcasting Corporation. In October 1940 Mann began monthly broadcasts, recorded in America and flown to London, where the BBC German Service broadcast them on a longwave band. In these eight-addresses, the novelist condemned Hitler and the Nazis as crude philistines completely out of touch with European culture.Twenty-five of Mann´s speeches, including the present example, were published under the title Listen, Germany! In 1943. The opening and closing paragraphs of the manuscript offered here were eliminated from the on-air broadcast, and similarly do not appear in the published transcriptions, Deutsche Horen (1942) and the English translation, Listen, Germany! Approximately 800 words of the essay´s 1800 total words are unpublished.

[ASTROLOGY]: A scarce manuscript astrological chart (or horoscope), one page, 4to, n.p. (Western Europe, most likely northern Italy or France; the figure 44 within the chart indicating 44th parallel north), n.d. (c. 1626). The partially intaglio printed document, completed in manuscript by a professional astrologer, is divided into three sections of tables and boxes and bears the date 19th May 1626 to the smallest of the inner boxes (although this is not necessarily an indication of the actual date of the manuscript, which may have been prepared at a different time, the date given sadly without an indication as to whether it refers to an individual, or an event). To the upper edge of the chart there is a table with the indication of the motion of the planets: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus and Mercury, as well as the Sun (between Mercury and Venus) and the Moon (indicated after Mercury), the motion of the planets referring to the precise time indicated in the horoscope, and to the correspondences between the positions of the planets and the zodiacal constellations. The second section features a central box, divided into a square and twelve triangles, indicating the month and year of the horoscope as well as the D[ie] 19, H[ora] 9, and M[inutum] 55, followed by the word hor[oscope], and in the next line the indication of the date referring to the astrological calendar, D[ie] 14, H[ora] 17, M[inutum] 16 P[ost] M[erdiem]. To the sides of the central box are indications of Latitude and Antiscia (the shadow of the zodiac sign). The triangles, starting from the first one next to the left side of the square and proceeding anticlockwise, are related to the twelve houses, Vita (Aries), Lucrum (Taurus), Fratres (Gemini), Genitor (Cancer), Nati (Leo), Valetudo (Virgo), Uxor (Libra), Mors (Scorpio), Iter (Sagittarius), Regnum (Capricorn), Benefacta (Aquarius) and Carcer (Pisces). The final section of the horoscope features an abacus where the symbols of the zodiac and planets are crossed with the signs of the zodiac, and it contains astrological symbols of opposition, sextiles, quadratures, conjunctions etc. Manuscript material relating to astrology in the 17th century seldom apppears at auction. Some light overall staining and minor age wear and a few tears to the borders (neatly and professionally restored). G

ALEXANDER III: (c.1100/05-1181) Pope of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States 1159-81. An extraordinary and exceptionally rare D.S. by Pope Alexander III, and countersigned by eleven cardinals including two future Popes, Lucius III (c.1100-1185) Pope of the Catholic Church 1181-85, Gregory VIII (c.1100/05-1187) Pope of the Catholic Church from October - December 1187, and Celestine III (c-1105-1198) Pope of the Catholic Church 1191-98, one page (vellum), large folio (approximately 59 x 70 cm), dated 25th May 1163, in Latin. The manuscript document, a Great Bulla, is written in a neat Caroline miniscule hand, retaining some forms of curialis script (with exagerrated ascenders and descenders), and opens with tightly compressed, elongated calligrahic letterforms, beginning with the Pope´s name, Alexander, and continuing with the formal preamble. The Bulla represents a Privilegium (Solemn Privilege), the most solemn form of papal bull, for Godescal, Abbot of Saint Bertin, near Saint-Omer, in northern France, and confirms the independence of the Abbey from the Abbey of Cluny and all its other privileges. At the conclusion of the body of text (ending with the declartion of affirmation Amen) appears the circular sign manual, or rota, of Pope Alexander III, with a cross in his hand to the upper edge, the centre of the two concentric circles with the names of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, as well as the Pope (´Alexander pp III´), and also featuring his device, or motto, ´Demonstra mihi vias tuas Domine´ (´Oh Lord, show me your ways´) written within the outer circle. This is followed by the Pope´s name, Ego Alexander Catholice Eccle[sie] Ep[iscopu]s, and abbreviated subscripsi, (´I, Alexander, bishop of the Catholic Church, have subscribed´), the initial letter E inked in the hand of the Pope (a practice begun by Alexander III). To the right of the Pope´s name appears the elaborate Bene Valete (´Fare well´) monogram. Immediately beneath appear the countersignatures of eleven cardinals including the future Lucius III (´Ego Hubaldus....´, as Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia), the future Gregory VIII (´Ego Albertus....´, as Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina), and the future Celestine III (´Ego Jacintud....´, as Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin). Each of the names of the cardinals, in a number of different hands, are preceded by crosses and conclude with abbreviated subscripsi. The final line of text, just above the plica, identifies the scribe as the sub-deacon and notary Cardinal Hermannus. The original leaden seal is no longer present, although two central holes to the plica remain, indicating where the bulla would have originally been affixed by silk cords. Documents bearing the signatures of four Popes of the medieval period are of the utmost rarity and very seldom appear at auction. Some light age wear, particularly to the folds, and minor staining as is to be expected, although overall in a fine state of preservation considering the age of the Great Bulla. About VGGodescal was the Abbot of Saint Bertin from 1163-76. The Benedictine monastic abbey was founded in the 7th century and soon became one of the most influential monasteries in northern Europe. The abbey ceased to flourish after the 13th century, although it survived until its closure during the French Revolution. Today the abbey stands in ruins, owing to a partial demolition ordered in 1830 and later damage sustained in shelling during World War II.Alexander III became Pope of the Catholic Church in 1159 following a contested election, with several rivals instead claiming the papacy. He was thus forced to spend much of his pontificate away from Rome, enjoying the favour and protection of King Louis VII by taking refuge and living at Sens, in north-central France, between 1163 and 1165.During Alexander´s reign the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, who had been crowned King of Italy, and proclaimed Emperor (by Alexander´s predecessor, Pope Adrian IV) in 1155, gave his support to the antipope Victor IV. On 13th February 1160 Victor IV excommunicated Alexander III and, upon receiving the news the following month, the Pope retaliated by excommunicating both Victor IV and Frederick I Barbarossa. In 1161 King Geza II of Hungary recognised Alexander III as the rightful Pope and his legitimacy began to gather strength, the Kings of France and England also recognising his authority. In 1163 Alexander III summoned clergy and prelates from England, France, Italy, and Spain to the Council of Tours to address, among other matters, the unlawful division of ecclesiastical benefices, clerical usury, and lay possession of tithes.Alexander III´s pontificate is particularly noted for his papal bull Non parum animus noster, issued in 1171 or 1172 in which he gave papal sanction to the crusades against pagans in Northern Europe, promising remission of sin for those who fought there, and thereby legitimising the widespread use of forced conversion. The Pope also humbled King Henry II of England for the murder of Thomas Becket in 1170, to whom he was unusually close, later canonizing Becket in 1173. This was the second English saint canonized by Alexander, the first being Edward the Confessor in 1161. Through the papal bull Manifestis Probatum of 23rd May 1179, Alexander recognised the right of Count Afonso Henriques to declare himself King of Portugal, which represented a significant step in the process of Portugal becoming a recognised independent Kingdom.Alexander III died in August 1181, just one week short of twenty-two years since his election, the longest papacy since Adrian I in the 8th century.Lucius III had enjoyed a long career as a papal diplomat before being elected as Pope in 1181. His pontificate, like that of Alexander III´s, was marked by conflicts with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, and his subsequent exile from Rome. In 1185 Lucius III began preparations for the Third Crusade in answer to the appeals of King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. Before they could be completed, Lucius III passed away in Verona in November 1185. Gregory VIII served as Pope for just two months, from October to December 1187, after having had a long diplomatic career as Apostolic Chancellor. He was notable in his brief reign for reconciling the Papacy with the estranged Holy Roman Empire, and for issuing the papal bull Audita tremendi, calling for the Third Crusade following the Battle of Hattin.Celestine III had a strained relationship with several monarchs including Emperor Henry VI, whom he threatened to excommunicate for keeping King Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) imprisoned, King Tancred of Sicily and King Alfonso IX of Leon. The Pope condemned the latter for their marriage to Theresa of Portugal and, in 1196, excommunicated Alfonso IX for allying with the Almohad Caliphate while making war on Castile. In December 1196 Celestine III issued a papal bull acknowledging the possessions of the Teutonic Knights. An exceedingly rare and especially early document; the Auction and Book Sales Archive (ABSA), which incorporates the records of American Book Prices Current (ABPC), lists only one other papal bull signed by Alexander III (dated 1181) as having appeared at auction in almost thirty years.

PAHLAVI MOHAMMAD REZA: (1919-1980) Shah of the Imperial State of Iran 1941-79. D.S., in Persian, as Shah, one page, folio, n.p., 13th June 1970, in Persian. The manuscript firman is issued in accordance with Article 27 of the Supplementary Constitutional Law and states that ´The law on the participation of employees of companies affiliated with the Ministry of Water and Power in the investment and profits of these companies, which has been approved by the Senate and National Assembly.....shall be implemented´ and that the government is responsible for executing the law. With the blind embossed Arms of dominion of the Shahs at the head and a small manuscript note to the verso indicating that the firman was recorded in the Royal Special Office on 15th June 1970. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, minor staining to the edges of the vertical central fold of the bifolium, not affecting the text or signature. About VG

TIMOSHENKO SEMYON: (1895-1970) Soviet military commander, a Marshal of the Soviet Union, and one of the most prominent Red Army commanders during World War II. D.S., S. Timoshenko, in Cyrillic, three pages, 4to, n.p., 16th February 1939. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a certification form relating to Colonel Nikolai Nikonorovich Belov, Assistant Commander of the 9th Cavalry Division, for the period June - November 1938, and provides various personal and professional details including his date of birth, nationality (Ukrainian), party affiliation, education, foreign language proficiemcy (limited knowledge of Polish), participation in the Civil War (´took part in operations against German forces, Czechoslovak forces, and the forces of Denikin, and Wrangel´) etc. The document further states that Belov ´Fulfils the requirements for the position of Chief of the Military Economic Council within the corps. Shows an inclination for drill work. Considered eligible for appointment as Assistant Division Commander´. Signed by Timoshenko at the conclusion in his capacity as Commander of the troops of the Kiev Special Military District, approving the certification, and countersigned by three other senior commanders, Gustishev, Emelyanov, and Nikolaev. Some age wear and a light area of uniform discoloration to the first page, G

GREENE GRAHAM: (1904-1991) English novelist. Signed 5 x 7 photograph of Greene in a head and shoulders pose with one hand gently raised to the side of his face. Signed in black ink to a light area at the head of the image and dated at Antibes, 28th October 1988, in his hand. Accompanied by a T.L.S., Graham Greene, one page, 8vo, Antibes, 29th October 1988, to Frau Braukmann. Greene writes, in full, ´Monsieur Merli has sent me the photograph and the charming picture by your daughter. I have autographed the photograph but I´m afraid I have no manuscript available. My best wishes to you and to Katrin´. VG to EX, 2

HITLER ADOLF: (1889-1945) Fuhrer of the Third Reich 1933-45. An historically important Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, 4to, n.p. (Munich?) n.d. (February 1925), in German. The holograph notes were prepared by Hitler in advance of a speech (the first following his release from prison) he delivered in Munich's Burgerbraukeller on 27th February 1925. In the upper left corner Hitler has penned the year 1918 followed by the questions 'What had happened?' and 'Just what went wrong', continuing with a diagram separating the political parties 'on the Left "Proletariat"….Marxism….finished for good due to criminality' and 'on the Right "Bourgeoisie"……bourgeois parties….broke down due to cowardice' and also including the 'Volunteer Corps - Nationalist Organisations, Citizens Defending Themselves', the manuscript continuing with other relevant points he intended to deliver within the speech, 'Stick to the facts. Parties reject violence (cowardly). Associations are non-political (stupid. They keep pulling their chestnuts out of the fire). During all this the nation is destroyed, plundered domestically and internationally. Could anything still help? Founding of the NSDAP [National Socialist German Workers' Party, more commonly known as the Nazi Party] Goal. Programme', and to the second page Hitler writes further notes, 'Development. 1919-20-21-22-23. 8th November Result: Inflation. 1924 Parliament. Struggle within the movement. Did anyone care about us? No. My release. December 1924, February 27th 1925. Buttmann. The division is impending. I and Held. I and Rohm. I and Ludendorff. Lies. The old movement……The movement? In a different Germany. Here.' Autograph material of Adolf Hitler is extremely rare in any form, and the present notes are of particular significance in Hitler's rise to power, this particular speech representing a landmark moment in the re-establishing of the Nazi Party and Hitler cementing his position as 'der Fuhrer'. A couple of extremely minor, very small holes at the intersection of a couple of folds, VG'If anyone comes and tries to make conditions to me then I say to him: friend, wait and see what conditions I have to make to you. I am not wooing the masses. After a year you shall judge, my party comrades; if I have not acted correctly, then I shall place my office in your hands again. But until that moment this is the rule: I lead the movement alone, and no one shall set me conditions so long as I personally bear the responsibility. And I once more bear entire responsibility for everything that happens in the movement' (extract from Adolf Hitler's two-hour speech delivered at the Burgerbraukeller, Munich, 27th February 1925)Hitler joined the tiny German workers party in 1919, He quickly became its leader. On 9 November 1923, at the height of the great German inflation (on 20 November, one U.S. dollar was equal to four trillion German marks), Hitler risked a coup. He led his followers through the streets of Munich to the Feldherrnhalle, a war memorial, where waiting police opened fire. Sixteen of Hitler's followers were killed; Hitler himself was arrested, and after a trial that he turned into a political platform, he was sentenced to four years in prison. The party was banned, and its remnants degenerated into squabbling factions. Hitler stood outside the fray, using his time in prison to write Mein Kampf. He was released in December 1924 after serving only nine months of his term, and set about rebuilding the party. The authorities lifted the ban on the Nazi Party on 16 February 1925. Hitler now arranged one of his rhetorical masterpieces: a mass meeting on 27 February to re-establish the party. He chose the same beer hall from which he had launched his abortive revolution fifteen months earlier. Three thousand people packed the hall, and several thousand more were turned away. He entered to the passionate applause of the audience, and gave [a] two hour speech….Its first three-quarters offered nothing that most in the audience had not already heard, and would hear again in Hitler's future speeches. He reviewed Germany's history, claiming that past conservative parties had no contact with the masses, and that leftist parties pretended to address the problems faced by ordinary Germans, but actually served the interests of the Jews who controlled them. He also outlined his views on propaganda. In the last quarter of the speech, he moved to re-establish his control of the party. He claimed absolute authority. Anyone unwilling to obey could go his own way. Hitler 'forgave' those who had made mistakes in his absence, and demanded that there be no criticism of him or the party for a year. The audience responded with enthusiasm. After the speech, Hitler had arranged…..'a piece of pure theatre'. The Nazi leaders who had fought for supremacy while Hitler was in prison all 'mounted the platform and, among emotional scenes, with many standing on chairs and tables and the crowd pressing forward from the back of the hall, shook hands, forgave each other, and swore undying loyalty to the leader'……The speech succeeded. Hitler once again was absolute leader of the party' (from Landmark Speeches of National Socialism, edited by Randall L. Bytwerk, Texas A&M University Press, 2008)

HENRY III: (1551-1589) King of France 1574-89. A good D.S. with an holograph word added by the King, `Accordé, Henry´, one page, oblong 4to, n.p., 26th February 1575, to Sieur de Bellievre, in Middle French. The manuscript document is a grant given by the King, in favour of Sieur de Believre, on the bishopric of Senlis, stating `Plaise au Roi d´accorder au sieur de Believre l´évêché de Senlis vacant ou prêt à vaquer par le trépas de messire des Prunes possesseur de celui-ci.´ (Translation: "It pleases the King to grant to Lord de Believre the bishopric of Senlis, vacant or ready to become vacant as a result of the death of Lord des Prunes, possessor thereof.") Paper with an attractive crowned watermark. Small overall age toning, mostly to the very slightly trimmed edges, otherwise G to VG

DANTON GEORGES: (1759-1794) French lawyer, a leading figure in the French Revolution who served as Minister of Justice (1792) and as the first President of the Committee of Public Safety (1793). Danton, who has been described as ´the chief force in the overthrow of the French monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic´, was executed by guillotine at the age of 34. A rare D.S., Danton (a fine example), one page, folio, Paris, 3rd September 1792, in French. The manuscript document is headed ´Loi du trois Septembre 1792 l´an Quatrieme de la liberte´ (Translation: ´Law of the third of September 1792 in the fourth year of liberty´) and states, in part, ´L´Assemblee Nationale voulant accelerer pour tous les moyens qui sont en son pouvoir, l´arrivee des deux cents pieces de canons que le Ministre de la Guerre se propose de retirer des Cidevant Provinces de Standres et d´Artois et de la fonderie d´Indres, ainsi que de celles qu´il voudrait faire venir de toutes autres parts pour les porter dans le camp qui si forme sous les murs de Paris.......L´Assemblee Nationale apres avoir Decrete l´urgence, decrete que le Ministre de la guerre est autorise a se servir des chevaux de Poste pour la conduite de ces differentes pieces et les faire ainsi arriver a leur destination donner le delai le plus court. Au nom de la Nation, le conseil executif Provisoire mande et ordonne a tous les Corps administratifs et tribunaux que les presentes ils fassent consigner dans leurs registres, lire, publier et assister dans leurs departements et ressorts respectifs, et executer comme loi´ (Translation: ´The National Assembly wanting to accelerate by all the means which are in its power, the arrival of the two hundred pieces of cannon which the Minister for the War proposes to withdraw from the Cidevant Provinces of Standres and Artois and from the foundry of Indres, as well as those which it would like to make come from all other parts to carry them in the camp which is formed under the walls of Paris.....The National Assembly, having decreed the urgency, decrees that the Minister of War is authorized to make use of the horses of the Post Office for the driving of these various pieces and thus to make them arrive at their destination in the shortest possible time. In the name of the Nation, the Provisional Executive Council instructs and orders all the administrative bodies and courts that the present provisions be recorded in their registers, read, published and witnessed in their respective departments and jurisdictions, and executed as law´). Boldly signed by Danton at the foot alongside an official red circular stamp, certifying that the text conforms with the original. Some very light creasing and minimal age wear, VG

BECQUEREL HENRI: (1852-1908) French physicist, the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. Nobel Prize winner for Physics, 1903. A good set of manuscript notes, scientific calculations and diagrams prepared by Becquerel, unsigned, two pages, oblong 4to, n.p., n.d., in French. The notes, presumably prepared by the physicist for a lecture, are headed Radioactivity, and form an extensive list of prompts, in part, 'Historical. 1st Observation 1896. 1st proof. Medal. Discharge of electrified bodies. Experiment on phosphorescent sulphides. General for uranium salts. Atomic property. Role of the air. Laws of loss. Exp. by Kelvin, Beattie and de Smolan, 1897. Rutherford 1899. Ionization. Saturation current, 1898. Thorium. M. Schmidt and M. Curie. Work of M. and Mme. Curie. Polonium. Radium. Debierne. Actinium. Radium spectrum. Magnetic deviation experiences. Giesel, Meyer and Schveider. H. B. Cliches. Concentration. Deviable and non-deviable rays'. To the foot of the first page appear various scientific calculations and in the left column of each page Becquerel has added eleven small pen sketches illustrating the deviations of Polonium. An interesting and rare scientific manuscript on the subject for which Becquerel is most famous, and in which he acknowledges the contributions made by his colleagues including Pierre and Marie Curie, Ernest Rutherford etc. VG

CAUDRON RENE: (1884-1959) French pioneer aviator and aircraft manufacturer. D.S., Bon pour pouvoir, R Caudron, one page, small 4to, Issy, 19th May 1929, in French. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a Power of Attorney issued by the Comptoir des Approvisionnements de l'Aviation et de l'Aerostation, providing details of Caudron´s address and confirming that he is the owner of fifteen shares in the company, and nominating himself to be present at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders on 29th May 1929 in order to ´Prendre part a toutes deliberations et a tous votes sure les questions a l´ordre du jour, signer toutes feuilles de presence et tous proces verbaux, substituer dans les presents pouvoirs et faire le necessaire´ (Translation: ´To take part in all deliberations and all votes on the matters on the agenda, to sign all attendance sheets and all minutes, to substitute in the present powers and to do all that is necessary´). Signed by Caudron at the foot of the document alongside an official circular stamp. VG

HENRY VIII: (1491-1547) King of England 1509-47. A good, rare D.S., Henry R, as King, at the head, one page (vellum), slim oblong 8vo (23.5 x 11 cm), given under the King's signet at Windsor Castle, 2nd January 1514. The manuscript warrant is addressed to Sir Andrew Windsor ('To our trusty and welbeloved Ser Andrew Wyndesore, knight, keper of our great wardrope') and commands him to deliver unto Lord Curson fourteen yards of crimson velvet for a gown and as much black budge as shall suffice for furring the same ('We wooll and commaunde you that unto the lorde Kurson ye deliver xiiij yerdes of Crimson velvett for a gowne and asmoche blacke boogi as schall suffice for furring of the same gowne'). With an early ninteenth century filing annotation ('60') to the upper left corner and the blank lower left corner neatly excised. Some very light, minor age wear, VGAndrew Windsor (1467-1543) 1st Baron Windsor. English peer and politician, Keeper of the Great Wardrobe 1504-43. Windsor played a significant part in King Henry VIII's military expedition to France in 1513 and was present at the Battle of the Spurs (16th August 1513) after which he was among the first to be advanced as Knights Bannerets. In 1514 Windsor attended Mary Tudor, the King's sister, on her journey to France for her marriage to King Louis XII and signed the marriage and peace treaties with France in 1518. Windsor attended the Field of the Cloth of Gold summit meeting between King Henry VIII and King Francis I in June 1520. Sir Robert Curson (c.1460-1535) Lord Curson. English soldier and courtier at the court of King Henry VIII, and also that of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Curson was publicly proclaimed a traitor from the pulpit at Paul’s Cross on 21st October 1501, although astonishingly escaped punishment. In 1509 his annual fee was set at £400 and it remained so until 1520, when he (or his son Robert) were present at the Field of Cloth of Gold. Although he never became an English peer, his title Lord Curson appears to have been recognized at court from around 1513.

GANDHI MAHATMA: (1869-1948) Indian political and spiritual leader during the Indian independence movement. Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, one page, 8vo, n.p., 24th March 1946. Gandhi writes, in full, ´Going to Manselin (about 20). We are soldiers but are all lovers of Indian freedom. [B] I am glad to hear that. For so far you have been instrumental in the suppression of that freedom. What did they do in Jallianwala Bagh? Do you know the meaning? Have you been there? [S] Oh, yes, but those days are past. Those people were water frozen in the well. We have seen the world. Our eyes are opened. [G] I know this. That is how it should be. [S] What would be our future when we fear Indian freedom?´. Gandhi writes his manuscript notes, possibly a transcript of a conversation or preparatory thoughts for a letter, to the verso of a T.L.S. addressed to him (´Dear Bapuji´) by Srinivasan, dated at New Delhi on 13th March 1946, regarding the Temple for Gandhiji and concluding by asking ´Will you please spare a few minutes to save our Hinduism?´. A manuscript of interesting content relative to India. Some very light, minor age wear and with a couple of small pinholes to the upper left corner, otherwise VG

[LOREDAN LEONARDO]: (1436-1521) Venetian nobleman and statesman who regined as Doge of Venice from 1500-21. A good manuscript document issued in the name (´Leonardus Lauredanus´) of Loredan, one page (vellum), oblong folio (approx. 35.5 x 26.5 cm), Ducal Palace, 8th May 1520, in Latin. Written in a bold, humanist script, the document is addressed to the noblemen Petrus Landus, Rodesta, and Aloysius Contarenus, Captain at Padua, and to their successors, and announces that Antonio Buzacharino of Padua, who had been banned from his fatherland, has now been re-instated by the council. The addressees are instructed to execute what actions may be necessary and are to be advised as to the proper steps by the council. With a good lead seal affixed at the base by the original cord, depicting the Doge receiving the blessing of Saint Mark to the obverse and an inscription to the reverse. Some neat slits to the upper and lower edges of the document (evidently where three additional seals were once placed) and with some light age wear and a couple of small wormholes, none of which significantly affect the text. About VGAs a wartime ruler, Loredan was one of the most important Doges in the history of Venice. In the dramatic events of the early 16th century, Loredan´s Machiavellian plots and cunning political manoeuvres against the League of Cambrai, the Ottomans, the Mamluks, the Pope, the Republic of Genoa, the Holy Roman Empire, the French, the Egyptians, and the Portuguese saved Venice from downfall.

ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French Writer and Philosopher. Very rare Autograph instructions and corrections in the hand of Rousseau, relating to the edition of "Letters Written from the Mountain" (1762-65). A cleanly written A.L., one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. [22nd November 1764], in French. An excellent autograph letter by Rousseau, referring to the last works he wrote for publication during his lifetime, including four paragraphs, the first entitled `Fautes nécessaires à corriger´ ("Mistakes which need to be corrected"), stating in part `L´Auteur n´ayant pu suivre l´impression de ses feuilles, des fautes de copie dans le manuscrit, des quiproquo de l´imprimeur dans les renvois, ont rendu plusieurs endroits inintelligibles, surtout dans la quatrieme lettre...´ (Translation: "The author was unable to follow the printing of his sheets, copying errors in the manuscript, and the printer's misunderstandings in the references, which made several places unintelligible, especially in the fourth letter....") To the second paragraph entitled by Rousseau `Premiere Partie´ ("First Part"), the author lists five corrections stating in part `P.202. La ligne 10 et les deux suivantes ne doivent point former un alinea ni être en italique, mais s´écrire à la suite de celles qui précèdent et du même caractère. P.208. L[igne] 9. Ce mot dit-on doit être en italique comme le reste de la ligne.´ (Translation: "P.202. Line 10 and the two following lines should not form a paragraph or be in italics, but should be written after those preceding them and in the same character. P.208. L[ine] 9. This word, it is said, should be in italics like the rest of the line...") To the second paragraph entitled by Rousseau `Seconde Partie´ ("Second Part"), the author lists three corrections stating in part `P.22 - L[igne] 11. Avant d´avoir assez affermi leur puissance ils voulurent usurper le droit de mettre des impôts. Effacez cette phrase, et substituez-y ce qui suit. Ils avaient doucement usurpé le droit de mettre les impôts: avant d´avoir assez affermi leur puissance ils voulurent abuser de ce droit...´ (Translation: "P.22 - L[ine] 11. Before they had sufficiently established their power, they wanted to usurp the right to impose taxes. Delete this sentence, and substitute by the following: They had quietly usurped the right to impose taxes: before they had sufficiently established their power, they wanted to abuse of this right...") Before concluding and to the fourth paragraph entitled `Avis au Relieur´ (Translation: "Notice to the Bookbinder") Rousseau states `Il y a quatre cartons imprimés avec la feuille marquée d´une étoile. Le relieur aura soin de les mettre exactement à leur place.´ (Translation: "There are four printed cartons with the sheet marked with a star. The bookbinder will take care to put them exactly in their place.") Very small age wear and toning, otherwise G to VGRousseau published in May 1762 his work Emile, ou de l´Education ("Emile, or On Education"). Rousseau considered this work the "Best and most important" of all his writings. Due to a section of the book referring to "Faith", it was banned in Paris and Geneva and publicly burned in 1762. On Letters Written from the Mountain (1762-1765). Rousseau responds to the censorship and burning of , Emile, or On Education, and airs his views on censorship, religion, and the relation between theory and practice in politics. Rousseau’s response concerns the general theme of the relation between reason and revelation and contains his most explicit and boldest discussions of the Christian doctrines of creation, miracles, and original sin.

HENLEIN KONRAD: (1898-1945) Sudeten German politician in Czechoslovakia who, following the German invasion, became the Gauleiter and Reichsstatthaler of Reichsgau Sudetenland (1938-45) under the occupation of Nazi Germany. D.S., Konrad Henlein, one page, folio, Reichenberg (Sudetenland), 15th August 1940, in German. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript in a calligraphic hand, appoints Erich Neumann to the civil service as a commercial school graduate and further states (translated) ´ I carry out this oath in the expectation that the appointee, true to his oath of office, will conscientiously fulfil his official duties and justify the trust placed in him by this appointment. At the same time, he may be sure of the special protection of the Führer´. Signed by Henlein at the foot of the document alongside a circular blind embossed seal featuring the Nazi eagle and swastika. Together with a T.L.S. by an unidentified administrator, one page, 4to, Karlsbad, 23rd September 1940, to Erich Neumann, in German. The letter confirms Neumann´s appointment and forwards Henlein´s certificate, and explains (translated) ´I am therefore assigning you to a vacant unscheduled position at the Business High School in Karlsbad, effective 1st July 1940, with a salary corresponding to grade A 2c2´. Some light age wear and a few minor, small tears to the right edge of the document. About VG, 2

WILHELM II: (1859-1941) German Emperor and King of Prussia 1888-1918. D.S., twice, as Prince, three pages, 8vo, Potsdam, 9th February 1887, in German. The untranslated manuscript document was signed by the future Emperor of Germany whilst attached to a Regiment of Hussars and relates to an officer named Otto Alfred Schulze, the second and third pages also bearing four other statements (each signed, one by the Prince) regarding Schulze, variously dated at Magdeburg, 11th February 1887, and at Potsdam, 12th February 1887 etc. With address panel to the verso of the bifolium (one corner neatly clipped). About VG

[MONTGOMERY B. L.]: (1887-1976) British Field Marshal of World War II. Collection of twenty vintage unsigned original postcards and photographs, each of the different images relating to Montgomery's visits to Gstaad in Switzerland during the late 1940s and 1950s, largely depicting Montgomery outdoors on ski slopes, accompanied by various men (most likely including Paul Loosi, the president of the Gstaad Ski Club and director of tourism in Gstaad) and a few showing him dining with a younger man, presumed to be Lucien Trueb. Together with a quantity of letters and newspaper clippings etc., the majority in German, all relating to Montgomery's visits to Gstaad, skiing competitions etc., and also including a typed manuscript of Loosi's memories of Montgomery (with numerous corrections in Loosi's hand). G to VG, Sml Qty. Lucien Trueb (1934- ) Swiss science writer who, as a twelve year old boy in 1946, met Montgomery in Switzerland and went on to maintain a close relationship with the Field Marshal.

MOZAFFAR AD-DIN SHAH QAJAR: (1853-1907) Shah of Iran 1896-1907. L.S., in Persian, as Shah, within a boteh motif, one page, 8vo, n.p., Rabi´ al-Awwal 1321 (Year of the Rabbit, June 1903), to Atabik Azam, in Persian. The manuscript text is written within a number of clouds set against a highly decorative gold and polychrome illuminated background and borders featuring flowers and foliage and with a double cartouche and tughra at the head, stating, in full, ´In recognition of the sincere services and diligent efforts of Amir Bahadur-Jeng, the head of the Royal Guards, who has been devotedly and carefully serving His Majesty from the beginning of his life, and has faithfully and honestly carried out every assigned duty with the utmost competence and skill, thus earning the highest levels of satisfaction and the utmost degree of contentment from His Majesty, and who is in every respect trusted by us, we have, with your approval, entrusted him with the management of our personal expenses. We expect him to handle this duty, like his other assigned tasks, with the utmost diligence and efficiency´. A rare and most attractive letter. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1837-1901. A good D.S., Victoria R I, as Queen, at the head, one page, oblong folio, Court at Saint James´s, 15th June 1893. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a consular appointment and states, in part, ´Whereas We have thought it necessary for the maintenance of a good understanding and correspondence between Our Subjects and those belonging to The Emperor of China, and for the advancement and encouragement of the Trade of Our Subjects to and from the Dominions of the said Emperor......to appoint some person to discharge the office of Consul for the Consular District of Chungking (i.e. Chongqing)......Now know Ye, that We reposing especial trust and confidence in the discretion and faithfulness of Our trusty and well beloved Michie Forbes Anderson Fraser, Esquire have nominated, constituted, and appointed.....the said Michie Forbes Anderson Fraser to be Our Consul for the Consular District of Chungking.....Hereby giving and granting unto him full power and authority by all lawful means to aid and protect Our said Merchants and others.....´ Countersigned at the foot by the Earl of Rosebery (1847-1929) British Prime Minister 1894-95 who also served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1886, 1892-94. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VGMichie Forbes Anderson Fraser (1850-1931) British diplomat who held various posts within the Chinese Consular Service in the late 19th century, retiring in 1901.

ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French Writer and Philosopher. An interesting autograph manuscript page by Rousseau, 4to, n.p., [Paris], n.d. (c.1745), in French. The manuscript page, in Rousseau's hand, is from his unpublished work relating to the history of women and laws which he prepared between 1745-51 for his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin. Rousseau, in an unusual clean writing, states `On assure qu´actuellement il y a en Provence deux couvents de religieuses chartreuses qui reçoivent de l´´evêque l´imposition des mains, avec les principaux attributs du diaconat – savoir poser l´étole, et chanter l´évangile. A éclaircir´ (“It has been assured that currently there are in Provence two convents of Carthusian nuns who receive the imposition of hands from the Bishop, with the main attributes of the diaconate – knowing how to put on the stole, and sing the gospel. To clarify”) With right and bottom edges slightly trimmed and a small area of paper loss to the left Edge, not affecting the text. G Louise-Marie-Madeleine Fontaine (1706-1799) Madame Dupin. French saloniste, famed for her spirit and beauty who hosted a famous literary salon in Paris from 1733-82 and owned the Chateau de Chenonceau, known as the centre of the most famous French philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. Dupin employed Rousseau as her secretary and tutor of her son from 1745-51. At the time Rousseau wrote these pages, he was also working as secretary to his benefactress Louise Madame Dupin. The present text corresponds to Rousseau´s work about the history of women, written between 1745 and 1751 for Mrs Dupin, and which would never be published.

MUSSOLINI BENITO: (1883-1945) Italian Fascist Dictator of World War II & VITTORIO EMANUELE III (1869-1947) King of Italy 1900-46. D.S. by both Benito Mussolini (´Mussolini´) and Vittorio Emanuele III (´Vittorio Emanuele´) individually, at the foot, one page, folio, Rome, 31st March 1927, in Italian. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is issued in the name of the King following the conclusion of a Disciplinary Council meeting held in Naples on 8th January 1927 and states that Renato Bonati, a Lieutenant in the Engineer Corps, will be removed from his rank due to an act of grave misconduct. With various official ink annotations and stamps to the margins and a series of small tears to the left edge, G

RIVERA DIEGO: (1886-1957) Mexican painter. A significant Autograph Manuscript signed, Diego Rivera, thirteen pages (separate leaves, written to the rectos only), 4to, n.p., n.d. (annotated April 1933 in pencil in another hand at the head of the first page), in French. The untitled manuscript relates to one of the artist´s most famous works, the Detroit Industry Murals (1932-33) and states, in part, ´Comme programme pour la decoration du jardin couvert cour centrale du Musee de l´instiut d´Art de Detroit, j´ai choisie comme theme l´expression plastique du mouvement oudulant qui se trouve dans les courants d´eau, les ordes electriques les stratifications des differentes couches du sol de la terre et en general dans le developement continuel de la vie.......Le Musee d´Art d´une ville, et specialement dans le cas de l´institut d´art de la ville de Detroit est on doit etre, la cellule centrale pour le developpement de la culture esthetique de la communaute, pour cela, dans le developement de mon travail je fus ammene a preciser de plus en plus la centralisation de l´ensemble des fresques dans l´expression du germe, peinte sur le mur central face a la porte principale d´acces a la cour. Le germe, un enfant, non un embryon contenu dans l´interieur de l´oignon qui s´enracine dans la terre vegetale acumulee dans la conque d´un ancien lac. Sur des lits de sable couches d´eau et sel et gisements de fer, charbon et pierre de chaux. Realite geologique du sol de Michigan et raison primondiale de l´existance de la vie de Detroit......En dessous de ce panneau et des deux cotes de la porte d´entree, est peinte la representation du generateur de vapeur et son ouvrier mecanicien, et du generateur d´electricite et son ingenieur, la force ouviere et la force creatrice de l´imagination et la connaissance. Combustion, expansion, energie positive et negative, mort pour creer de la vie, vie qui amene la mort, mouvement rithmique en onder continues. Tout en haut, l´aviation, a gauche les contructeurs d´aeroplanes usant de la rondage autogine electrique correspondant a ca un petit panneau du frise montre les tourne-soleils analogues en forme aux moteurs d´avion.......L´effort createur merveilleux des ouviers de toutes les races du monde qu´integrent la population industrielle de Detroit, et qui son expression du caracter international et universel du continent americain, et des Etats Unis aussi, circonstance qui est la plus grande force de l´amerique dans la profondeur de l´avenir historique.......La pierre de chaux est analogisee avec la race blanche et le sable a la jaune par des semblables raisons que le fer a l´indienne et le charbon a la noire.......La "predella" en grisaille contient une serie de petits panneaux qui montrent des operations fabriles complementaires au long d´une journee de travail a gauche les travailleur entrant a l´usine au matin marquant le temps a droite ils sortent du travail, a cette angle a l´extreme de la grande composition ont ete peints les portraits du Docteur William Valentiner que par sa volonte pleine de sympathie et bonte pour l´auteur des peintures etant directeur du Musee, fit possible la commande et de Monsieur Edsel B. Ford qui par la liberalite de son criterium, par son donatif, et des grandes facilites qu´il donnat pour le travail fit possible l´execution des fresques, dont il fit don a la ville de Detroit´. (Translation: ´As a programme for the decoration of the covered garden in the central courtyard of the Detroit Art Institute Museum, I have chosen as my theme the plastic expression of the undulating movement found in the currents of water, the electrical orders, the stratifications of the different layers of the earth's soil and, in general, in the continuous development of life.......A city's art museum, and especially in the case of the Detroit Art Institute, is, or should be, the central unit for the development of the community's aesthetic culture. For this reason, in the development of my work, I was led to specify more and more the centralisation of all the frescoes in the expression of the seed, painted on the central wall opposite the main door leading to the courtyard. The seed, a child, not an embryo contained within the interior of the onion which takes root in the vegetable earth accumulated in the conch of an ancient lake. On beds of sand, layers of water and salt and deposits of iron, coal and limestone. The geological reality of Michigan's soil and the primordial reason for Detroit's existence......Below this panel, on both sides of the entrance door, is painted a representation of the steam generator and its mechanic, and the electricity generator and its engineer, the working and creative forces of imagination and knowledge. Combustion, expansion, positive and negative energy, death to create life, life that brings death, rhythmic movement in continuous waves. At the very top, aviation, on the left the aeroplane builders using the electric auto generator corresponding to this a small panel of the frieze shows the sun turners analogous in shape to the aeroplane engines.......The marvellous creative effort of the workers of all the races of the world who make up the industrial population of Detroit, and which is an expression of the international and universal character of the American continent, and of the United States too, a circumstance which is America's greatest strength in the depths of the historical future.......Limestone is analogous to the white race and sand to the yellow for similar reasons as iron to the Indian and coal to the black.......The ‘predella’ in greyness contains a series of small panels which show complementary manufacturing operations throughout a working day: on the left, the workers enter the factory in the morning marking the time; on the right, they leave work. At this corner, at the extreme of the large composition, are painted the portraits of Dr William Valentiner, who, by his willingness, full of sympathy and kindness for the author of the paintings and director of the Museum, made the commission possible, and of Mr Edsel B. Ford, who, by the liberality of his criterium, his donation, and the great facilities he gave for the work, made possible the execution of the frescoes, which he donated to the city of Detroit´). An important manuscript of fine content. Some very light, extremely minimal age wear and with small staple holes to the upper left corner of each page. VGIn 1932 Wilhelm Valentiner, Director of the Detroit Instiute of Arts, and the American business executive Edsel Ford, commissioned Rivera to create the Detroit Industry Murals, a series of frescoes consisting of twenty-seven panels depicting industry at the Ford Motor Company and in Detroit. Together they surround the interior Rivera Court in the Detroit Institute of Arts. Painted between 1932 and 1933, they were considered by Rivera to be his most successful work.

BREGUET LOUIS: (1880-1955) French pioneer aviator and aircraft designer & manufacturer. D.S., Louis Breguet, one page, small 4to, Paris, 30th January 1926, in French. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a Bulletin de Souscription (Subscription Form) issued by the Comptoir des Approvisionnements de l'Aviation et de l'Aerostation, providing details of Breguet´s address and confirms that he has read the articles of association of the company, as well as the resolution of the Extraordinary General Meeting held on 17th June 1925 at which it was ´a decide d´augmenter le capital social de 400,000 frs et de le porter ainsi a 800,000 frs par la creation de 400 actions de 1,000 frs chacune a souscrire en numeraire´ (Translation: ´decided to increase the share capital by 400,000 francs to 800,000 francs by creating 400 shares of 1,000 francs each to be subscribed in numerical form´) and further stating ´Declare souscrire soixante quinze actions de 1,000 frs de la Societe denomee "Comptoir des Approvisionnements de l´Aviation et de l´Aerostation" faisant partie de l´augmentation de Capital precitee, et m´oblige a faire le versement du montant desdites actions de la maniere stipulee en la deliberation du Conseil du 18 Novembre 1925 sus-enoncee´ (Translation: ´I hereby declare that I subscribe for seventy-five shares of 1,000 frs in the company known as ‘Comptoir des Approvisionnements de l'Aviation et de l'Aerostation’, which form part of the aforementioned capital increase, and that I undertake to pay the amount of the said shares in the manner stipulated in the aforementioned Board meeting of 18 November 1925´). Signed by Breguet at the foot of the document alongside an official circular stamp. Together with a typed manuscript, unsigned, two pages, 4to, n.p., n.d., on the printed stationery of Ateliers d´Aviation Louis Breguet, in French. The manuscript is entitled Quel fut mon vol le plus émouvant (´Which was my most moving flight?´) and Breguet explains that he has experienced many strong emotions, both as a pilot and a constructor, recounting his first flight in his Gyroplane in September 1908, and also writing of another experience in an aeroplane, ´Avec mon aeroplane, il m´est arrive une fois, alors que je voguais a 150 m d´altitude d´avoir cru infailliblement ma derniere heure arrivee. J´en avais pris mon parti, croyant a une rupture d´aile, mais l´instinct de la conservation, me fit manoeuvrer energiquement & grace a un virage audacieux, je redressais mon apparei. Je ne sais comment se fit la dessente, mais ce que je sais bien, c´es que je me retrouvais sain & sauf & mon appareil intact embourbe dans un champ´ (Translation: ´With my aeroplane, there was one time when I was flying at an altitude of 150 m that I thought my last hour had come. I took my fate into my own hands, believing that my wing had broken, but the instinct for self-preservation made me manoeuvre energetically & thanks to a daring turn, I righted my aircraft. I don't know how the glide occurred, but what I do know is that I found myself safe and sound, with my plane intact and mired in a field´), also referring to his first flights at high altitude in clouds, and concluding ´que mes emotions les plus fortes ont ete ressentien non pas en pilotant moi meme mais en voyant piloter les autres´ (Translation: ´that my strongest emotions were felt not when I was flying myself but when I saw others flying´). A few small, minor tears to the edges of the manuscript, generally VG, 2

BALZAC HONORÉ DE: (1799-1850) French Novelist and Playwright. Best known for his masterwork novel La Comedie Humaine, a multi-novel collection of novels written over twenty years. A very interesting document, being a contract between Honoré de Balzac and Emile de Girardin for the publication of Balzac´s serial works in the jounal La Presse in Paris. The manuscript contract is signed by Girardin and Balzac confirms the agreement with a sentence in his hand beneath the Editor´s signature, stating `Les frais de correction resteront comme par le passé à la charge de La Presse´ (Translation: "The corrections costs will remain, as done in the past, the responsibility of La Presse."). D.S., two pages, 4to, Paris, 16th April 1839, in French. The contract establishes that Balzac gets engaged very precisely to supply as follows `Mr. de Balzac s´engage à fournir au journal La Presse d´ici au trente et un décembre prochain, et successivement à commencer du 1er Juin, le nombre de cinquante feuilletons formant au moins huit nouvelles dont la dernière pourra au choix de M. Emile de Girardin être insérée partie en Décembre et partie en janvier suivant. Chaque feuilleton pourra aussi, quant à l´insertion dans le journal, être plus ou moins long, mais il sera compté à M. de Balzac à raison de six colonnes de 40 lignes chacune, et lui sera sur ce nombre, payé à raison de cent francs le feuilleton. Une somme de Deux Mille francs lui sera payée le trente Mai prochain à titre d´avances sur le présent engagement pris par lui...´ (Translation: "Mr. de Balzac undertakes to provide the newspaper La Presse by the thirty-first of next December, and successively starting from the first of June, with the number of fifty serials forming at least eight short stories, the last of which may be inserted, at the choice of Mr. Emile de Girardin, partly in December and partly in the following January. Each serial may also, as regards insertion in the newspaper, be more or less long, but it will be counted to Mr. de Balzac at the rate of six columns of 40 lines each, and he will be paid, on this number, at the rate of one hundred francs per serial. A sum of two thousand francs will be paid to him on the thirtyth of next month of May as an advance on the present commitment made by him...") Before concluding, Balzac imposes two conditions which are the last two clauses, stating `Mr. de Girardin s´oblige à mettre en tête de chaque nouvelle un avis indiquant que la reproduction en est interdite. - Mr. de Balzac se réserve le droit de rentrer dans la propriété de ses nouvelles quinze jours après l´insertion dans le journal du dernier feuilleton de chacune.´ (Translation: "Mr. de Girardin undertakes to put at the head of each story a notice indicating that reproduction is prohibited. - Mr. de Balzac reserves his right to take ownership of his stories fifteen days after the insertion in the newspaper of the last serial of each story") Balzac had already published in this way in La Presse his work La Vieille Fille (1836), and after the present contract he supplied and published Les Secrets de la Princesse de Cadigan and also Le Curé de Village. To be noted that the contract did not specify any title, Balzac could write what he wanted and the editor would publish it. And the sentence added by Balzac in his hand, referring to corrections, was really important as Balzac was known for his multiple and last minute corrections, and this meant additional expenses which he did not want to be responsible of. With blank integral leaf. A tear to the centre fold of the front page, right edge, not affecting the text, otherwise G to about VGEmile de Girardin (1802-1881) French Journalist, Publisher and Politician. He was the most successful and flamboyant French journalist of the era. His magazines reached over a hundred thousand subscribers, and his inexpensive daily newspaper La Presse undersold the competition by half, thanks to its cheaper production and heavier advertising. La Presse was a French journal founded in June 1836 by Emile de Girardin. While contemporary newspapers depended heavily on subscription and tight party affiliation, La Presse was sold by street vendors. The initial subscription to La Presse was only 40 francs a year while other newspapers charged around 80 francs. From July 1836 La Presse serialised The Countess of Salisbury, the first novel of Alexandre Dumas père which was such a success that it followed it up with Honoré de Balzac´s La Vieille Fille.

PEGUY CHARLES: (1873-1914) French Poet, Essayist, and Editor. His main philosophy was Socialism. Strongly influenced by Henri Bergson and Romain Rolland. Best remembered for being the main contributor to and the editor of the literary magazine Les Cahiers de la Quinzaine. from 1900 until his death in 1914. Peguy at first supported the Socialist Party director Jean Jaures, however, he ultimately ended this support after he began viewing Jaurès as a traitor to the nation and to socialism. In the Cahiers, Péguy published not only his own essays and poetry, but also works by important contemporary authors such as Romain Rolland. Unusual and very interesting autograph manuscript in the hand of Peguy, related to the edition of his Cahiers de la Quinzaine. Autographe Manuscript, five pages, small 4to, n.p. [Paris], n.d. [September 1904], in French. The manuscript document reveals a strict organization, Peguy establishing meticulously each step of the editing process. The five pages show to the verso the four times printed text "Cahiers de la Quinzaine, 16 rue de la Sorbonne, au second, Paris". To the first page, in dark blue pencil, Peguy in an almost military way, instructs that eight copies must be made and sent to all the collaborators involved, detailing the five persons names who must receive it, plus his own copy and three more to be kept in reserve. The pages numbered two to five, cleanly written in black bold ink, relate, as he entitles it, to `Instructions pour la cinquième série. Les cahiers paraissent régulièrement par quinzaine, ils tombent régulièrement tous les deux dimanches, le premier cahier de la cinquième série tombe le dimanche 4 Octobre... Marquer ces dates sur un calendrier, comme je l´ai fait chez moi.´ (Translation: "Instructions for the fifth series. The notebooks appear regularly every two weeks, they fall regularly every two Sundays, the first notebook of the fifth series falls on Sunday October 4th... Mark these dates on a calendar, as I did at home.") Further, and referring to the production and shipments, Peguy, again very precisely, states in part `La copie est toute composée la première semaine; l´imprimerie tient à la disposition des cahiers 216 pages de huit ou 216 pages de 9 ou 108 pages de sept. Les épreuves en premières partent le samedi de la première semaine, en une seule fois et en bloc; elles reviennent à l´imprimerie en une seule fois et en bloc, la mise en pages indiquée, avant le samedi soir de la deuxième semaine...´ (Translation: "The copy is all built up the first week; the printer has at his disposal the notebooks with 216 pages of eight or 216 pages of 9 or 108 pages of seven. The first proofs leave on the Saturday of the first week, in one go and in block; they return to the printer in one go and in block, the layout indicated, before the Saturday evening of the second week...") Left edge very slightlytrimmed as a result of its dettachment from a note book. G to VG

WALDMAN MAX: (1919-1981) American photographer, principally known for his dance and theatre images. T.L.S., Max Waldman, one page, 8vo, New York, 20th April 1966, to Miss. Lynn Hope. Waldman writes to thank Hope for her involvement in a recent project, in part, ´Your cooperation in this photographic venture has put me forever in your debt. It helps launch an exciting new concept that weds play text (historic and contemporary) with visual layout. Needless to say, your performance, while the first pilot model, will be the star luminary in any series.....you have created a genuine work of theatre art.....Your very enthusiasm was my encouragement´ and further continues to refer to his photographs of the ´theatre art´, ´As of now, I have underwritten the entire cost: a considerable material expense - plus a greater expense in time. It has posed a difficult decision of having to turn aside requests for additional prints. In fulfilling my obligation to the company, about 1,000 pictures will have been given out. Taking individual orders would create chaos: nor could I, in good conscience, charge anyone. On the back of each print is stamped my one request to you. Do not make copies, give them to friends, newspapers etc.: to anyone where control is lost. Please honor this restriction: otherwise, our entire joint efforts will be jeopardized.....´. Accompanied by the original envelope. Together with the original photographs referred to, the set of eight 8 x 10 prints depicting various actors in costume poses from the Royal Shakespeare Company´s Broadway stage production of Marat/Sade, which opened at the Martin Beck Theatre on 27th December 1965. Each of the photographs bear Waldman´s credit stamp to the verso along with a further explanatory stamp stating, in part, ´This photo is given as a personal courtesy to: Lynn Hope (inserted in manuscript) It is the sole property of the photographer and is not to be reproduced.....´. Contained within the original envelope. Further including a book signed and inscribed, being a hardback edition of Zero by Zero Mostel, First Edition published by the Horizon Press, New York, 1965, featuring 152 photographs by Waldman and drawings by Zero Mostel. Signed by Waldman in black ink to the front free endpaper, ´To Lynn Hope - In appreciation of your kind help, Max Waldman´, and dated New York City, April 1966, in his hand. Accompanied by the dust jacket (some tears and age wear). G to generally VG, 2 + 8Lynn Hope was the head costume mistress at the Aldwych Theatre in London and also performed the same duties on the tours of the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1955 onwards.

LOUIS XII: (1462-1515) King of France 1498-1515 and King of Naples 1501-04. D.S., Loys, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Orleans, 15th December 1499, in Middle French. The manuscript document is addressed to Jehan Lalemant, receiver general of finances in the Duchy of Normandy, and is a warrant to raise the sum of thirteen thousand one hundred and eighty-eight livres fifteen sols turnois from grain collectors and farmers, commencing on the 1st January, in order to make a payment to Jacques Petremot which has been committed to by the exchequer and further giving instructions for the amount to be allocated within the accounts. Signed by the King at the foot and countersigned by Hobineau. A large portion of the lower right of the document has been neatly excised. A few heavy creases, one just affecting the signature, and some light overall age wear and dust staining, G

FARMAN HENRI: (1874-1958) French pioneer aviator and aircraft designer & KAPFERER HENRI (1870-1958) French pioneer aviator and aeronautical engineer. D.S., Bon pour pouvoir, H Kapferer, one page, small 4to, Boulogne. 12th May 1931, in French. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a Power of Attorney issued by the Comptoir des Approvisionnements de l'Aviation et de l'Aerostation, providing details of Kapferer´s address and confirming that he is the owner of five shares in the company, further giving Henri Farman, a shareholder in the company, the power of attorney to represent him at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders on 27th May 1931 in order to ´Prendre part a toutes deliberations et a tous votes sure les questions a l´ordre du jour, signer toutes feuilles de presence et tous proces verbaux, substituer dans les presents pouvoirs et faire le necessaire´ (Translation: ´To take part in all deliberations and all votes on the matters on the agenda, to sign all attendance sheets and all minutes, to substitute in the present powers and to do all that is necessary´). Signed by Kapferer at the foot of the document alongside an official circular stamp and signed by Farman (´H Farman´) to the left margin. VG

CARTER HOWARD: (1874-1939) English archaeologist and Egyptologist, discovered the Tomb of Tutankhamun in 1923. An excellent group of three typescript manuscripts, unsigned, by Howard Carter, with many annotations, additions and corrections in his hand, being the text for three lectures (two on the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb and a third on the subject of colour), forty-eight pages (total), small 4to, n.p. (London?), n.d. (c.1924, 1930 & 1934). The first typescript manuscript commences 'We had almost given up in dispair (sic), and would have done, were it not for the fact that in nearing the tomb of Ramses VI (sic) we found a very intriguing buried heap of flint boulders which suggested the proximity of a tomb. Why had they been placed there?......They were of a kind usually selected by the Ancient Egyptians for filling in the entrance of a tomb, but there was nothing of the kind underneath them......In October, 1922, I returned to Luxor to make this final effort.....I set my Egyptian staff to work, about 120 men and boys in all.....When in four days we made the discovery which surpassed our wildest hopes. How well I remember that fourth day. I arrived early in the morning on the scene of the action......the work of clearing continued feverishly throughout the rest of the day......then, with ill-suppressed excitement, I watched the descending steps, one by one, as they were revealed, Our work progressed, and at the level of the twelfth step there was disclosed the upper part of a doorway, blocked, plastered and sealed. It was a thrilling moment for an excavator, alone, save for his native workmen, after years of unproductive labour, on the threshold of what might prove to be a magnificent discovery. Amything, literally anything, might lie beyond that sealed door and it needed all my self control to keep from breaking down the blocking of that doorway, and investigating then and there......I sent a runner into Luxor with a cable telling Lord Carnarvon, then in London, the good news. Little knowing that had I gone a few centimetres deeper in that excavation, the name of Tut.ankh.Amen upon the seals of that doorway would have told me the secret - that almost ephemeral king, Tut.ankh.Amen......had made his grave in the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings' and continues 'The decisive moment had arrived. With almost trembling hands I made a tiny breech in the upper left hand corner.....A lighted candle was then applied, the ever necessary test and precaution against possible foul gasses, and then, widening the hole a little, I inserted the candle and peered in.......gradually ones eyes became accustomed to the dim light, details of the room within emerged slowly, strange animals, statues and gold - everywhere the glint of gold. For the moment - an eternity it must have seemed to others standing by - I was amazed, when Lord Carnarvon, unable to stand the suspense any longer, inquired anxiously, "Can you see anything?" it was [all] I could do to answer, "Yes, wonderful things"'. The second typescript manuscript is entitled The Royal Burial and Innermost Treasury and dated May 1930, and states, in part, 'Our work in the Antechamber was finished.....We were ready at last to penetrate the mystery of the sealed door.....When a hole sufficiently large was made to see in, an astonishing sight was revealed, for there, within a metre of the doorway, stretching as far as one could see, and blocking the entrance of the chamber, stood what to all appearances was a wall of gold. We were at the entrance of the actual Burial Chamber of the King, and that which barred our way was the side of an immense gilt shrine, built to cover and protect the sarcophagus......before us, was one of the Great Golden Shrines beneath which Kings of Egypt were laid.......a surprise awaited us, for an open door, leading eastwards from the Burial Chamber, led to yet another chamber......this proved to be the Innermost Treasury. From where we stood, a glance sufficed to tell us that there within this small chamber lay perhaps the greatest treasures of the tomb'. Interspersed between the text of both manuscripts are a number of pages detailing the slides which Carter used to illustrate his lectures, including images of the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings, the excavations, the discovery of the tomb, the more important objects found in the antechamber (including a painting of a hunting scene, Carter noting in his own hand that 'Such scenes are naturally the works of a Court painter - doing homage to the young monarch. For such a slender youth, un-armed, save for the bow and arrow, to attack a group of fierce lions & lionesses, is hardly tenable'), the coffins, the raising of the lid of the sarcophagus, and much more. The final, third typescript manuscript is for a lecture entitled Colour which Carter delivered at the Victoria and Albert Museum on 17th October 1934 and commences 'The normal visual apparatus of the eye enables us to distinguish not only differences of form of objects looked upon, but difference in character of the light received from them, which we name colour. Form is intellectual; colour emotional. Colour is the property of form, that is to say, only decorative. Colour does not define an object, but it instils a sensation and a feeling. Thus, in art and ornamental design, form is perhaps more important than colour, but excellence in both is the most important' and continues with a fascinating discussion of colour from artistic and scientific perspectives, also making a reference to the Valley of the Kings, and quoting Sir Joshua Reynolds. The manuscripts are contained together within a limp bound ring leaf binder and a few of the pages are loose. A wonderful series of manuscript lectures, particularly for their first-hand accounts of the most famous discovery in the history of Egyptology. Some light staining and minor age wear, otherwise generally VGIn 1924 Howard Carter made a tour of Great Britain, France, Spain and the United States of America, delivering a series of illustrated lectures on the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb. In New York and other American cities Carter's meetings were attended by large and enthusiastic audiences, sparking American Egyptomania, and President Calvin Coolidge requested a private lecture.

PELHAM HENRY: (1694-1754) British Prime Minister 1743-54. D.S., H: Pelham, one page, folio, n.p. (Treasury Chambers, Whitehall), 18th April 1746. The manuscript document was issued by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury and concerns Thomas Winnington, Paymaster General of the Forces, with instructions to ´deliver and pay of such His Majesty´s Treasure as remains in your charge unto Thomas Winnington Esq., Paymaster General of His Majesty´s Guards, Garrisons and Land Forces, or his assigns, the sum of Five Hundred thousand pounds.....for the service of His Majesty´s said Guards, Garrisons and Land Forces.....under his care of payment for the year 1746´. Signed by Pelham in the right margin and countersigned by two other Lords Commissioners, Henry Fox (1705-1774) 1st Baron Holland, English politician who also served as the Secretary at War 1746-55, and Richard Arundell (c.1696-1758) English courtier administrator and politician. Some light age wear and a few small, neat splits to the edges (repaired to the verso). About VGThomas Winnington (1696-1746) English politician who served as Cofferer of the Household 1741-43, and as Paymaster General of the Forces 1743-46. Winnington died on 23rd April 1746, just a matter of days after the present document was issued.

VOLTA ALESSANDRO: (1745-1827) Italian physicist and chemist, a pioneer of electricty and power who is credited with inventing the electric battery and was also the discoverer of methane. A good D.S., A. Volta, Direttore, two pages, oblong 4to, n.p. (Pavia), n.d. (1818), in Italian. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, was issued by the Imperial Royal University of Pavia and is a catalogo of the students of the scholastic year 1817-18 who have studied pure elementary mathematics, under the faculty of philosophy, during Professor Antonio Bordoni´s first semester. The second page details the number of students (81; of which twenty-six were foreigners), their grades (over three classes, six students obtaining honours) and those who were not examined (15). Some very light, extremely minor age wear, and three very small, minor stains to the lower edge of the second page, VGAntonio Bordoni (1789-1860) Italian mathematician. Bordoni joined the faculty of the University of Padia in 1817 and is generally considered to be the founder of the mathematical school of Pavia. Bordoni´s famous students (although all born after the date of the present document) included Francesco Brioschi, Luigi Cremona, Eugenio Beltrami, Felice Casorati, and Delfino Codazzi. Volta became a professor of experimental physics at the University of Pavia in 1779 and held the post for almost forty years, during which time he was widely idolised by his students.

ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French Writer and Philosopher. A very interesting autograph manuscript, one page, 4to, n.p., [Paris], n.d. (c.1745), in French. The manuscript, in Rousseau's hand, is from his unpublished work relating to the history of women and laws which he prepared between 1745 and 1751 for his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin, born Fontaine. Rousseau writes his text in the right part of the page, the left reserved for additional notes. Rousseau refers to a Spanish Countess, working on his thesis of gender equality mentionning different countries in the world where and when women carried out tasks today considered more typical of man. In the present one Rousseau refers to the Spanish Countess de Castellan, annotating to the left border the provenance of his writing, ‘T.3, P.[age] 288. en 1603. Dû de la recollection´, and stating in part `C´est à une Dame Espagnole nommée la Comtesse de Castellan qu´est due la reformation de l´ordre de la Mercy. C´est à ses frais que furent bâtis leurs premiers couvents et de ses biens qu´ils furent dotés´ (Translation: "It is to a Spanish Lady named the Countess of Castellan that we owe the reformation of the Order of Mercy. It was at her expense that their first convents were built and from her goods that they were endowed"). Rousseau takes this information from Pierre Hippolyte (1714-1721) and his work Histoire des ordres monastiques, religieux et militaires, et des congrégations séculières de l´un et de l´autre sexe, qui ont été établis jusqu´à présent, published in five volumes from 1714 to 1721. Very small age toning to borders, otherwise G to VGThe religious order of La Merci was founded in 1218 by Pierre Nolasque. It was a redemptive order for the redemption of captives with the aim of redeeming Christians held captive by Muslims.

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1837-1901. D.S., Appd. Victoria R I, at the foot, in the form of an autograph minute applied to a manuscript document submitted to the Queen by FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788-1855), one page, folio, Office of Ordnance, 25th March 1854. Raglan seeks Queen Victoria´s approval ´That Lieutenant Colonel St. Austin Molesworth of the Royal Engineers may be placed on the Retired Full Pay List of the Corps.....that officer having served nearly thirty years....´. Some light age wear and with some very slight traces of former mounting to the verso, otherwise VGFitzRoy Somerset (1788-1855) 1st Baron Raglan. British Field Marshal, commanded the British troops during the Crimean War. Raglan gave the order which led to the Charge of the Light Brigade.

ORWELL GEORGE: (1903-1950) Eric Arthur Blair. British novelist, essayist, journalist and literary critic. A rare A.L.S., George, four pages, 8vo, Hairmyres Hospital, East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, 25th January 1948, to Anthony Powell (´Dear Tony´). Orwell thanks his correspondent for their letter and remarks ´It doesn´t matter about the saddle. We´re supposed to have one coming but if you do chance to run across another I´ll always buy it because it wouldn´t hurt to have two. The petrol situation is so calamitous that one has to use horses for certain purposes´, adding that he doesn´t think that a side saddle could be considered, although confessing ´I must say in the days when I used to ride I sometimes secretly thought I´d like to try a side saddle, because I believe it´s almost impossible to fall off´. Orwell continues to write of his health, ´I´ve been here 5 or 6 weeks & I think I´m getting better. I don´t feel nearly so death like & they say the X rays are beginning to show progress, though very slight´, and also of the impact it is had on his work, ´I´d done about half my novel & shan´t touch it again till I´m well, but I´m starting to do a v[er]y little light work, i.e. book reviews. I´ve just done one & feel I´ve broken a spell, as I hadn´t even contemplated working for 3 months. My handwriting is so bad because my right arm is half crippled. I´ve had trouble in it for some time & it´s probably of a tuberculosis nature, which it seems doesn´t matter much but is hellish painful for the time being. I´d like to do something for the TLS, but if I do it´ll have to be handwritten, because even if I had a typewriter here I can´t at present get my hand into that position. Did I tell you I was starting a uniform edition, as everyone seems to be doing, a sign of approcahing senility I think. I am starting off with one called "Coming Up for Air" which was published in 1939`. Orwell returns to his present health issues, explaining that the hospital is very nice and everyone is very good to him, reflecting ´I imagine I´ll be in bed for months yet, & even when I get out will have to go on being an out-patient, as the treatment lasts about 6 months. In that case I´ll have to stay in Glasgow & get down to London or up to Jura for a few days when I can´, and also writes of his adopted son, ´Of course I can´t see Richard till I´m non-infectious. He´s growing into a real tough. I´m going to have him examined for TB when my sister goes up to London shortly, but I can´t believe there is anything wrong with him´. A letter of good content and association. Some scattered light-brown drink stains, only very slightly affecting a few words of text (which remain perfectly legible) and not the signature. GAnthony Powell (1905-2000) English novelist, best known for his 12-volume work A Dance to the Music of Time (1951-75). Powell, along with Malcolm Muggeridge, took reposnibility for organising Orwell´s funeral in 1950.George Orwell had moved to a remote farmhouse on the Isle of Jura in May 1946 at which time he began intermittent work on his dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The novelist returned to London towards the end of the year, picking up his literary journalism again, before venturing again to Jura in April 1947, when he resumed work on Nineteen Eighty-Four. During this time he was visited by his sister´s family and Orwell led a disastrous boating expedition which nearly led to loss of life and proved detrimental to the writer´s health. In December 1947 a chest specialist was summoned from Glasgow who pronounced that Orwell was seriously ill and a week before Christmas 1947 he was admitted to Hairmyres Hospital having been diagnosed with tuberculosis. By the end of July 1948 Orwell was able to return to Jura and by December he had finished the manuscript of Nineteen Eighty-Four. The critically acclaimed cautionary tale, Orwell´s ninth novel, was published in June 1949 and would be the final book completed in his lifetime.

LINNAEUS CARL: (1707-1778) Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts. A rare D.S., Carl Linnaeus (a fine example), one page, slim oblong 8vo, n.p., n.d. (c.1756), in Swedish. The manuscript document comprises three lines of text and Linnaeus, in his capacity as Professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala University, certifies that ´...for the year [17]56 I have received four hundred seventy-three dollars in silver coin to my credit´. A good small red wax seal appears alongside the signature. A small area of paper loss to the left edge and with a couple of extremely minor traces of former mounting to the verso, otherwise VG

ZSCHINTZSCH WERNER: (1888-1953) German SS-Oberfuhrer, administrative lawyer, and civil servant who served as the State Secretary of the Reich and Prussian Ministry of Science, Education and Culture 1936-45. D.S., Zschintzsch, one page, folio, Fuhrer-Hauptquartier, 7th November 1941, in German. The gold and black partially printed document, completed in manuscript in a calligraphic hand, appoints Erich Neumann, a graduate of the commercial school, to be a senior civil servant for life, and further states (translated) ´I carry out this act in the expectation that the appointee, true to his oath of service, will conscientiously fulfil his official duties and justify the trust placed in him by this appointment´. Signed by Zschintzsch at the foot and also bearing a dark blue facsimile signature of Adolf Hitler, alongside a blind embossed circular seal featuring the Nazi eagle and swastika. Loosely contained within the original presentation folder featuring a gold printed Nazi eagle and swastika to the cover. Together with a T.L.S. by an unidentified administrator, one page, 4to, Karlsbad, 17th December 1941, to Erich Neumann, in German, confirming the appointment made by the Fuhrer and forwarding the document signed by Zschintzsch, further stating (translated) ´I am therefore assigning you to a vacant position at the commercial high school in Karlsbad, effective 1st November 1941, with a salary corresponding to salary group A 2 c 2´. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG, 2

FORD JOHN: (1894-1973) American film director, Academy Award winner. A rare Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, 8vo, Hollywood, California, n.d. (1938/39). In dark fountain pen ink Ford has penned a series of six dialogue and scene notes for his classic Western film Stagecoach (1939), in part, 'Lordsburg - Plummers leave Oriental, black cat crosses their path - younger Plummer - hysterically - shoots cat. Luke reproves him “Keep yo nerve” (Plummers = Luke, Matthew & John?)…..Buck: birth of baby - “a baby? How - I mean - why…..Curley - I'll explain it to you sometime…..Buck to Curly: “Suppose I hafter charge half-fare for the kid?”…….Hatsfield = Escape Sequence - “I overheard your conversation. I took the liberty of saddling a horse”, the Kid = Snow Sequence “has blanket - gives to Dallas, apologises “cause it smells of hoss”'. A significant manuscript relating to one of the most influential films in cinema history. Very slightly irregularly torn to the left edge and with a few small staple holes to the upper edge, none of which affect the text, otherwise VG John Ford's Academy Award winning film Stagecoach (1939) starred Claire Trevor as Dallas and John Wayne, in his breakthrough role, as Ringo Kid. Dudley Nichols wrote the screenplay as an adaptation of The Stage to Lordsburg, a short story by Ernest Haycox. The film follows a group of strangers riding on a stagecoach through dangerous Apache territory and has long been recognised as an important work that transcends the Western genre.

ALI MUHAMMAD: (1942-2016) American boxer, World Heavyweight Champion. Portion of an autograph MS, unsigned, one page, oblong 8vo, n.p., n.d. Ali´s text, evidently used as a cue card for a speech and originally part of a larger manuscript, is written on a feint ruled card (numbered 2 to the upper right corner) and states, in full (spelling mistakes retained) ´So ingrount that all of the evil done to them by their slave masters and children for sinteries, now they love them so well that they would like to become their forever servents and marry them´. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

CHAR RENE: (1907-1988) French poet and a member of the French Resistance during World War II. A good war date manuscript D.S., Rene Char, Alexandre, one page, 4to, Avignon, 15th February 1945, on the attractive printed stationery of the Forces Francaises Combattantes, in French. The document, entirely in Char´s hand, is an attestation issued in his capacity as Deputy Regional Head of the Parachute Landing Section Region 2 (1943-1944) and Departmental Inspector of the United Resistance Movements, and certfies that Andre and Henriette Gomes ´ont des octobre 1940 participe avec le plus grand courage et un total desinteressement a la premiere resistance contre les Allemands et les Italiens´ (Translation: ´have since October 1940 participated with the greatest courage and total dedication in the first resistance against the Germans and Italians´) and that ´Durant quatre ans ils n´ont jamais cesse de se rendre utiles et de servir la cause de la Liberation. Dans les conditions parfois les plus difficiles, ils ont rempli au mieux les missions qui leur ont ete confiees´ (Translation: ´For four years they never ceased to be useful and to serve the cause of the Liberation. Sometimes in the most difficult conditions, they carried out the missions entrusted to them to the best of their ability´). Signed by Char at the conclusion, also adding his alias (´Alexandre´) beneath his signature, alongside an official circular rubber stamp. Some light age wear, a few minor tears to the edges, and a couple of extremely small holes at the intersection of two folds, about VGAndre Gomes, a photographer, and his wife Henriette, were close friends of many prominent artists during the 1930s, including Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp and Joan Miro. Henriette opened an art gallery in Paris in 1938, however, being Jewish they were forced to flee Paris during the Nazi occupation, and her gallery was seized as Jewish property. They ended up in Marseille in 1940, where they joined the Surrealists at the Villa Air-Bel, and both Andre and Henriette became active in the French Resistance. The Galerie Henriette was re-opened at 6 rue du Cirque, Paris, in 1949-50.

[CATHOLIC CHURCH]: A fine, early Manuscript Document authorised by three notaries with their individual attractive devices (notarial marks) and subscriptions at the foot, one page (vellum), large folio (approx. 61 x 62.5 cm), given at the church of St. Mary´s in the Field, Florence, 23rd June 1326, in Latin. The document comprises some forty-five lines of bold, dark brown ink text in a very clear, uniform and calligraphic diplomatic charter hand characteristic of the papal chancery, and further incorporates four large uncial capitals, each with filigree decoration, being a certified and authorised manuscript copy of three papal bulls, In quibusdam locis [Clement IV; 29th June 1265], Inter ceteros ordines [Benedict XI; 2nd April 1304], and Super egenum nuper [also Benedict XI; 2nd April 1304], ordered by Thedisius d´Aliotti, Bishop of Fiesole, and authorised by Opizo, Albertus and Marsoppus, notaries of the bishop, all three of the bulls concerning privileges in favour of the Franciscan Order, the first restraining anyone from violating Franciscan churches or property, or exercising violence in them, under the pain of papal displeasure; the second renewing the exemption of the Franciscans from all ordinary ecclesiastical jurisdiction, declaring them to be subject to the papal see without any intermediary; and the third providing for the Franciscan brothers of the province of Tuscany and naming three bishops as conservators of the Franciscan privileges contained in their constitution, in part, ´To all and each to whom the presnt shall come, Tedicius [d´Aliotti] by divine mercy bishop of Fiesole, gives eternal greetings in the Lord. We make it known to you that we have seen, have read and diligently have examined the herein copied original prvileges of the Popes Clement IV and Benedict XI of which two retained their authentic pendant lead bulls on silk cords, and of which the third was sealed with pendant hemp, all of whose examples and contents are contained below, and that we have examined the seals and contents and because we have found these originals, with their true seals and which lacked all suspicion, to agree fully with the present copies, we have commanded these copies to be published through Marsoppus, formerly by imperial authority ordinary judge and notary public [the scribe of the document] of Lord Guidalotti Pintaccius and we have given our authority to this same publication, so that faith may be given to these copies as if they were originals; and to make their credibility and testimony more evident, we have commanded them to be guarded by the appending of our seal [now missing]. Clement, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his beloved sons, the principal and all ministers, guardians and brothers of the order of brothers minor [i.e. Franciscans], greetings and apostolic benediction. In quibusdam locis......given at Perugia, 29th June, of our pontificate the first year [1265], Benedict, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his beloved sons, the minister general, provincial ministers and all brothers of the order of brothers minor, greetings and apostolic benediction, Inter ceteros ordines.....given at Rome at St. Peter´s, 2nd April, in the first year of our pontificate [1304], Benedict, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to the venerable brothers, the archbishop of Pisa [Giovanni dei Conti di Poli] and the bishops of Florence [Loterius della Tosa] and Sienna [Raynaldus di Uguccione Malavolti], greetings and apostolic benediction. Super egenum nuper.......given at Rome at St. Peter´s, 2nd April, in the first year of our pontificate.....These letters were given and enacted.....at Florence, at the church of St. Mary´s in the Field, in the year of the Lord from the incarnation 1326, in the ninth indiction, in the time of Our most Holy Lord Pope John XXII.....on the 23rd day of June in the presence of Bartholo, priest of the diocese of Fiesole; Cio, rector of the said church of St. Mary´s in the Field; Opizzo and Pipin, notaries of the said bishop; Tuccio, rector of the church of St. Stephan of the said diocese and chaplain of the said bishop; and other witnesses´. Manuscript docket to the verso. Lacking the seal (two small central holes to the plica indicating where it would originally have been attached). Some very light, extremely minor age wear, a few small insignificant stains, and a couple of very small, minor holes to the intersection of folds, only very slightly affecting a few words of text. About VGThedisius d´Aliotti (d.1336) Bishop of Fiesole, a Roman Catholic Diocese in Tuscany, from 1312-36.Giovanni dei Conti di Poli (d.1332) Italian nobleman and Dominican friar who served as the Archbishop of Pisa 1299-1312 and as Archbishop of Nicosia 1312-32.Loterius della Tosa (d.1309) Bishop of Florence 1303-09.Raynaldus di Uguccione Malavolti (d.1307) Bishop of Siena 1282-1307.The bull In quibusdem locis is listed in Les registres de Clement IV (Paris, 1893) edited by Edouard Jordan (no. 1742, p.499) and in Regesta pontificum Romanorum (Graz, 1957) edited by Potthast (Vol.II, no. 19240, p. 1558). The bull Inter ceteros ordines can be located in Le registre de Benoit XI (Paris, 1905) edited by Ch. Granjean (no. 1231, col. 759) and also in Potthast (no. 25414, p. 2035). The latter bull provides for the Franciscan privileges contained in their constitution, and this constitution is specified in another papal bull which begins Inter cunctas. Inter cunctas was promulgated by Benedict XI in February 1304, two months before Inter ceteros ordines. It revoked the previous constitution of the Franciscans, specified in the bull Super cathedram of Boniface VIII, and redefined the rights of both the Franciscans and the Dominicans, covering such areas as preaching, hearing confessions and burying the dead. The text of Inter cunctas is printed in Le registre be Benoit XI (no. 1170, cols. 724-720). Its importance led to the protection of its execution by at least six bulls, of which this is the one for Tuscany (listed in Le registre de Benoit XI, no. 1314, col. 822). Provenance: The present document was formerly in the collection of C. L. Ricketts of Chicago; see Seymour de Ricci, Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, (New York, 1935) no. 272, p. 660.

MARIA THERESA: (1717-1780) Holy Roman Empress 1745-80 and Queen of Bohemia 1743-80, the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. A good L.S., `Maria Theresia´, one page, 4to, 24th May 1749, in Latin. The untranslated manuscript document relates to the supply of food at no charge to the people needing it. Signed in bold black ink at the base. With blank integral leaf. Small overall minor age wear, otherwise G to VG

BECQUEREL HENRI: (1852-1908) French physicist and engineer, the first person to discover radioactivity. Nobel Prize winner for Physics, 1903. A good autograph manuscript, unsigned, incorporating several explanatory drawings, two pages (written to the first and fourth sides of the bifolium), n.p., n.d. (circa 1895), in French. Becquerel's manuscript is entitled Historique des machines, and particularly concerns direct current dynamo-electric machines, and was most likely prepared as an aide-memoire for one of his first physics courses at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. Becquerel has listed the names of various famous inventors alongside the dates of their discoveries and summary notes, several with explanatory scientific drawings alongside, including Faraday ('1831 Anneaux de fer......d'une bobine'; Translation: '1831 Iron rings......a coil'), Pixii ('En 1832......aimants dans un disque bois mobile devant des bobines'; Translation: 'In 1832......magnets in a moveable wooden disk in front of coils'), Ritchie ('bobines mobiles'; Translation: 'moving coils'), Clarke, Nollet, Siemens, Wilde ('aimants et electro aimants'; Translation: 'magnets and electro magnets'), Ladd, Pacinotti, Gramme, Varley, Wheatstone, Alteneck and Edison. To the foot of the first page appear various scientific equations and drawings in pencil, most crossed through. A good manuscript featuring the names of many inventors and physicists who inspired and influenced Becquerel. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VGMichael Faraday (1791-1867) English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.Hippolyte Pixii (1808-1835) French instrument maker who built an early form of alternating current electrical generator based on the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday.Edward Samuel Ritchie (1814-1895) American inventor and physicist who made important contributions to science and navigation.Hyde Clarke (1815-1895) English engineer, philologist and author.Floris Nollet (1794-1853) Belgian physicist, engineer and inventor who designed plans for large-scale generators.Werner von Siemens (1816-1892) German electrical engineer, inventor and industrialist.Henry Wilde (1833-1919) English electrical engineer who invented the dynamo-electric machine.William Ladd (1815-1885) English manufacturer of microscopes and other scientific instruments including the Dynamo-Magneto-Electric machine (1867).Antonio Pacinotti (1841-1912) Italian physicist, best known for inventing an improved form of direct-current electrical generator (1860).Zenobe Gramme (1826-1901) Belgian electrical engineer, inventor of the Gramme machine, a type of direct current dynamo capable of generating smoother and much higher voltages than the dynamos known to that point (1871).C. F. Varley (1828-1883) English engineer particularly associated with the development of the electric telegraph and the transatlantic telegraph cable.Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) English scientist and inventor who made many scientific breakthroughs during the Victorian era.Friedrich von Hefner-Alteneck (1845-1904) German electrical engineer, one of the closest aides of Werner von Siemens.Thomas Edison (1847-1931) American inventor of the electric light bulb among many other items.

HAYDN JOSEPH: (1732-1809) Austrian composer of the Classical period. A fine and rare printed musical score signed by Haydn, being the first British edition of Ariana a Naxos, Cantata a Voce Sola, accompagnata col Clavicembalo Forte-Piano, published by John Bland, London, n.d. (June 1791), the oblong folio score of eighteen pages ´printed for the Author & sold by him at No. 18 Great Pulteney Street, & at J. Blands Music Warehouse, 45 Holborn´. Signed (´Haydn´, with paraph manu propria) by the composer at the foot of the title page, which also bears the ownership signature of a Mrs. Rigby in the blank left margin. Handsomely and professionally bound in dark green cloth and quarter-morocco and with a gilt stamped title and four raised bands to the spine. Some very minor, light staining throughout, generally VGHaydn´s Arianna a Naxos (Hoboken Catalogue XXVIb:2), a composition for soprano and keyboard, was first performed in London by the mezzo-soprano castrato Gaspare Pacchierotti (1740-1821) in 1791 to the composer´s own piano accompaniment. The London engraver, printer, music seller and publisher John Bland first met Joseph Haydn during a visit to Vienna in November 1789 whilst in search of new works for publication. Legend has it that Bland, whilst in the company of Haydn during his grooming routine, overheard the composer complaining about his razors, Haydn declaring ´I would give my best quartet for a good razor!´ Bland subsequently hurried back to his quarters, quickly retrieved his new razors, made of fine English steel, and presented them to Haydn. The composer kept his word and in exchange presented Bland with the manuscript of his Quartet No. 46 in F Minor (Op. 55, No. 2; Hoboken Catalogue III:61) which is still known today as the ´Razor´ Quartet.This first encounter between Haydn and Bland led to what would become a long friendship as well as a profitable business relationship. Bland was instrumental in bringing Haydn to London and the composer stayed with his friend at Bland´s home on his first night in the city in January 1791, marking the beginning of what would prove to be a triumphant trip for Haydn. Audiences flocked to his concerts and as a result Haydn augmented his fame and became financially secure. Indeed, Haydn considered his two visits to London, in 1791-92 and 1794-95, as being the happiest days of his life.Haydn was a friend and mentor to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who he met around 1784. The two composers performed in string quartets together and Haydn, impressed with Mozart´s work, praised him unreservedly. For his part, Mozart returned the esteem and dedicated a set of six quartets to him, the ´Haydn´ Quartets (1785).

GEORGE III: (1738-1820) King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760-1820. D.S., George R, as King, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Court at Saint James´s, 20th August 1803. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a military commission appointing John Ready to be a ´Captain of a Company in Our sixty ninth (or the South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot commanded by Our Trusty and Wellbeloved Lieutenant General Cornelius Cuyler´. Countersigned at the foot by Charles Philip Yorke (1764-1834) British politician who served as Home Secretary 1803-04. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some light age wear and a few creases, about VGCornelius Cuyler (1740-1819) British General who served in the French and Indian War, the American Revolutionary War, and the French Revolutionary Wars. Cuyler was also the Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth 1796-99.

LE CORBUSIER: (1887-1965) Charles-Edouard Jeanneret. Swiss-French architect, designer and urban planner, a pioneer of modern architecture. An exceptional typescript MS, Le Corbusier, ten pages (separate leaves, typed to the rectos only), 4to, Paris, 1st March 1938 (although the place and date struck through in ink by Le Corbusier), in French. The working manuscript, with many holograph corrections, is titled Un Homme Chez Lui ('A Man at Home') and states, in part, 'C'est ici que la notion de liberte prend toute sa force. Au sein de cette organisation saine de la vie des hommes reunis en societe: "La Ville Radieuse", commandee par une discipline acceptee avec joie, la cellule d'habitation s'ouvre derriere une porte de logis. Et ici, la clef tournee, un homme est chez lui. Il est entre. Que fera-t-il? Ce qu'il voudra! Ce qu'il pourra.......Et il sera maitre de son destin, un un sens limite, bien entendu: celui de la libre expression de son imagination. Et nous trouverons alors, au pied du mur, ce terrible "Francais individualiste" dont les mechantes langues et les decides-a-rien-faire levent les fantomes innombrables a chacune de nos propisitions. J'avais mis en exergue a mon rapport sur l'urbanisation de la Ville de Moscou, en 1930, ceci: Je place comme pierre angulaire de toute urbanisation moderne le respect sacrede la liberte individuelle. On m'en avait voulu. Mais qu'importe!.......Cette gageure qui fut proposee dans "Urbanisme" en 1924 elle a ete meme: "La Ville Radieuse". Il existe desormais une doctrine d'equipement des villes dont la clef de voute est: soleil, espace, verdure, en chaque logis. En chaque logis! Voici donc ce que la societe moderne peut apporter a chacun de ses membres, par l'enterprise des grands travaux de readaptation des villes aux besoins d'une conscience nouvelle.......Une telle transformation dans la coupe du logis est une veritable revolution architecturale. Le logis devient une petite maison. Et que m'importe que ces petites maisons soient a dix, rangees les unes au-dessus des autres et qu'elles s'alignent innombrablement au long d'une "rue interienne": l'homme est entre chez lui, il a ferme la porte. Il a recu le choc de set amenagement architectural: grand et puis intime, et tout ce soleil, cet espace et ces verdures que cette reforme a precisement permis de capter. Je dis que cet homme desormais n'est plus jamais le chien battu qui hante les "boites locatives" de nos villes......cet homme chez lui a perdu le souvenir des lourdes tribulations que lui et sa famille ont vecu depuis toujours. Riche ou miserable, c'etait l'absence pour tous des "joies essentielles". Les "joies essentielles" sont apportees a la societe moderne par les techniques modernes, l'invitation urbanistique et la poesie de l'architecture. Ceci n'est pas d'utopie. Depuis 20 ans, des travaux limites ont ete accomplis, fixant les etapes constructives. Chez nous et ailleurs, par nous et par d'autres. Il existe deja des fragments - des jalons, des preuves - de "Ville Radieuse"......' (Translation: 'This is where the notion of freedom comes into its own. Within this healthy organisation of the life of men gathered in society: "La Ville Radieuse" (The Radiant City), governed by a discipline accepted with joy, the living cell opens behind a door of dwelling. And here, with the key turned, a man is at home. He has entered. What will he do? Whatever he wants! Whatever he can.......And he will be master of his destiny, in a limited sense, of course: that of the free expression of his imagination. And then we'll have that terrible 'individualistic Frenchman' at our heels, whose nasty tongues and decide to do nothing raise countless ghosts at every one of our proprieties. In my report on the urbanisation of the City of Moscow in 1930, I wrote the following: I place as the cornerstone of all modern urban development the sacred respect for individual freedom. People were angry with me. But never mind!.......This challenge, which was proposed in "Urbanisme" in 1924, was even called "La Ville Radieuse". There is now a doctrine for equipping towns and cities, the key to which is sun, space and greenery in every home. In every home! Here, then, is what modern society can bring to each and every one of its members, by undertaking the great work of readapting cities to the needs of a new consciousness......Such a transformation in the cross-section of the dwelling is a real architectural revolution. The dwelling becomes a small house. And it doesn't matter to me that there are ten of these little houses, arranged one above the other and lined up innumerably along an "internal street": the man has entered his home, he has closed the door. He received the shock of the architectural layout: large and then intimate, and all the sun, space and greenery that this reform made it possible to capture. I'm saying that this man will never again be the beaten dog that haunts the 'rental boxes' of our cities.......this man at home has lost all memory of the heavy tribulations that he and his family have always endured. Rich or miserable, it was the absence for all of the "essential joys". These "essential joys" are brought to modern society by modern technology, inviting urban planning and poetic architecture. This is not utopia. Over the last 20 years, a great deal of work has been done to define the constructive stages. Here and elsewhere, by us and by others. There are already fragments - milestones, proof - of the "La Ville Radieuse"......'). A rare manuscript of excellent content. A few minor tears and light creasing to the edges of some pages and the final page with a small area of paper loss to the lower left corner. GVille Radieuse (The Radiant City) was an unrealised urban design project designed by Le Corbusier in 1930. It constitutes one of the most influential and controversial urban design doctrines of European modernism.Le Corbusier's essay Un homme chez lui was published in Les Plans de Paris 1956-1922 in 1956.

PENIAKOFF VLADIMIR ´POPSKI´: (1897-1951) Belgian Lieutenant-Colonel, the founder and commanding officer of No. 1 Demolition Squadron, PPA (´Popski´s Private Army´) during World War II. A fine and extremely rare book signed and inscribed, being a hardback edition of Private Army by Peniakoff, First Edition published by Jonathan Cape, London, 1950. The book, an account of the Lieutenant-Colonel´s daring exploits with his highly successful special forces unit during World War II, is complete with four fold-out maps and numerous black and white photographs. Signed (´Popski´) by Peniakoff to the front free endpaper with a remarkable presentation inscription, ´For Menina, who has done much more work on this book than I have, very gratefully, Popski´, and dated London, 13th February 1950, in his hand. Bound in the publisher´s original brown cloth with gilt title to the spine and gilt emblem (featuring an astrolabe) of the No. 1 Demolition Squadron to the front board. Accompanied by the dust jacket (some very light, minor age wear and a little faded to the spine). A unique presentation copy. VGMenina Mesquita - secretary to the British publisher Jonathan Cape who was tasked with the responsibility of typing the manuscript of Popski´s Private Army.The present copy is probably the only surviving presentation copy in existence. We are aware of only one other signed copy (without a presentation inscription, and dated May 1950) and the Auction and Book Sales Archive (ABSA), which incorporates the records of American Book Prices Current (ABPC), do not record any other signed copies of Private Army by Popski as ever having appeared at auction.

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1837-1901. D.S., Victoria R I, as Queen, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Court at Saint James´s, 17th November 1840. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript (some of the text a little light, although legible), is a military commission appointing Francis Seymour to be a Captain of a Company in the 19th Regiment of Foot. Countersigned at the foot by Constantine Phipps (1797-1863) 1st Marquess of Normanby, British politician and author who served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1835-39, Home Secretary 1839-41 and as British Ambassador to France 1846-52. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some light age wear and minor creasing, otherwise about VG

MOZAFFAR AD-DIN SHAH QAJAR: (1853-1907) Shah of Iran 1896-1907. L.S., in Persian, as Shah, within a boteh motif, one page, 8vo, n.p., Dhu al-Hijjah 1317 (April/May 1900), to His Excellency the Prime Minister, in Persian. The manuscript text is written within a number of clouds set against a highly decorative gold and polychrome illuminated background featuring flowers and foliage and with a circular seal and crown at the head, and asks that Amir Bahadur-Jeng be summoned and provided with an additional five hundred tumans so that he can immediately compensate people for any damage done to their land, and that he is instructed ´to ensure that when the front of the procession moves, ten horsemen accompany it and strictly prohibit anyone from causing any harm to the crops and agriculture of the people´, adding that ten horsemen should also ride at the rear of the procession, and also explaining that ´anyone who sets up tents and unloads their belongings on the crops and lands of the people, their compensation should be immediately taken from the tent and luggage owners and given to the landowners, ensuring the comfort and ease of the people in all respects´. With blank integral leaf. A rare and most attractive letter. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VGMizra Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan (1858-1907) Premier of Iran 1887-96, 1898-1904 and the first Prime Minister of Iran May - August 1907. Assassinated.

GARCIA LORCA FEDERICO: (1898-1936) Spanish Poet & Dramatist. An iconic figure of the Spanish literature. An extremely rare and excellent autograph poem signed `Federico Garcia Lorca´, one page, 4to, Madrid, n.d., 1933, to Julio Casal, in Spanish. Garcia Lorca pens a 15 verses poem which he entitles La Raiz Amarga ("The Bitter root"), stating in part `Hay una raiz amarga - Y un mundo de mil ventanas - Ni la mano mas pequeña - Quiebra la puerta del agua... Duele en la planta del pie - El interior de la cara - Y duele en el tronco fresco - de noche recien cortada - Amor! Enemigo mio - Muerde tu raiz Amarga!´ With pencil annotations to the verso. Few small repairs to the verso. Overall age wear and heavy creasing. F - The present poem was published under the title Gacela de la Raiz Amarga, (1936), adding a word to the title written on the present manuscript poem. There is also one word changed to the second verse compared with the final version published, saying "ventanas" instead of "Terrazas". Autographs of the Spanish Poet are extremely rare in any form following his murder, at the age of 38, by fascist forces during the Spanish Civil War. His remains have never been found.

CHOPIN FREDERIC: (1810-1849) Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period. A rare D.S., F Chopin (twice), one page, folio, London, 20th July 1837. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a Memorandum of Agreement between Chopin and Messrs. Christian Rudolph Wessel & Co. of Soho Square, London, importers and publishers of foreign music, in which the composer agrees to the sale, at a price of sixteen pounds Sterling, of ´all my Copyright and Interest, present and future, vested and contingent or otherwise, for the Kingdom of Great Britain of and in the following (M.S.) compositions; viz Op. 25 Twelve Etudes or Studies, dedicated to [the name left blank, although it would be Marie Catherine Sophie, Comtesse d´Agoult] in two books to be published conjointly in France & Germany and to appear on the 14th October 1837 composed by me´. Signed by Chopin at the conclusion and countersigned by Camille Pleyel (1788-1855) French virtuoso pianist and publisher, owner of Pleyel et Cie, as well as the Salle Pleyel concert hall where Chopin played the first and last of his concerts in Paris. The lower third of the document takes the form of a receipt (with blind embossed seal) in which Chopin acknowledges the payment of sixteen pounds from Messrs. Christian Rudolph Wessel & Co., signing his name a second time at the conclusion. Some light dampstaining and minor age wear, most noticeable to the central right border and not affecting the text or signatures. One tear to the right edge and a few small, minor areas of paper loss to the lower right corner. GMarie Catherine Sophie d´Agoult (1805-1876) Comtesse d´Agoult. French Romantic author and historian, also known by her pen name of Daniel Stern. The countess conducted a four year affair with composer and virtuoso pianist Franz Liszt between 1835 and 1839. As the mistress of Liszt, d´Agoult became well-acquainted with the composer´s close circle of friends, including Chopin (despite the hatred which existed between d´Agoult and George Sand, Chopin´s partner). Chopin dedicated his Etudes Op.25 to d´Agoult, the reasons for which are a matter of speculation.

ADAMS JOHN QUINCY: (1767-1848) American President 1825-29. A fine D.S., J. Q. Adams, as President, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Washington, 26th May 1828. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a military commission appointing Alexander Macomb to the rank of Major General from the 24th May 1828 and stating, in part, ´He is therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of Major General by doing and performing all manner of things thereunto belonging. And I do strictly charge, and require all Officers and Soldiers under his command to be obedient to his orders as Major General. And he is to oberve and follow such orders and directions, from time to time, as he shall receive from me, or the future President of the United States of America, or the General or other superior Officers set over him, according to the rules and discipline of War´. Countersigned at the foot by the acting Secretary of War, Samuel L. Southard (1787-1842) American statesman who served as the United States Secretary of the Navy 1823-29 and later as Governor of New Jersey 1832-33, United States Senator from New Jersey 1821-23 & 1833-42, as well as President pro tempore of the United States Senate 1841-42. With a good blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, about EXAlexander Macomb (1782-1841) American Major General, Commanding General of the United States Army 1828-41. Macomb received a Congressional Gold Medal for his stunning victory as the field commander at the Battle of Plattsburgh during the War of 1812.

HUMBOLDT ALEXANDER VON: (1769-1859) German Natural Scientist, Geographer & Explorer. A very fine, rare manuscript line chart signed, A v Humboldt, one page, oblong 8vo, n.p. (Spain), 1799, in French. In his typically small, neat hand Humboldt has recorded a profile of Peninsular Spain from the southeast to the northwest, from the coast of Valencia to that of Gelice, recording several major towns and cities including Medina del Campo, El Escorial, Madrid and Aranjuez and their height above sea level, also recording some of the latitudes and noting that the scale of distance is 1:100. Signed and annotated by Humboldt beneath the chart, also noting a comparison with the height above sea level of several other European cities and landmarks including Munich, Brocken, Schneekoppe (Snezka) and Mount Vesuvius. Rare in this form. Some very light, extremely minor age wear and two very small areas of paper loss to two corners, not affecting the chart, text or signature. About VG In the first half of 1799, at the time of preparing the present chart, Humboldt (accompanied by the botanist and physician Aime Bonpland) found himself in Madrid where he sought authorisation to travel to Spain's realms in the Americas. Receiving a positive response to his proposal, Humboldt was presented to King Charles IV and subsequently granted access to crown officials and written documentation on Spain's empire. Armed with authorisation from the King, Humboldt and Bonpland set sail on 5th June 1799 on their Spanish American expedition which would last until 1804. Humboldt's historic expedition is now regarded as having laid the foundation of the sciences of physical geography, plant geography and meteorology. On a personal level, the geographer's decades' long endeavour to publish the results of the expedition resulted not only in multiple volumes, but also drew him to the attention of the reading public with popular densely illustrated, condensed versions of his work in multiple languages. Importantly it also secured Humboldt's international reputation in scientific circles.

CATHERINE II THE GREAT: (1762-1796) Empress of Russia 1762-96, known as Catherine the Great. An excellent and very attractive fully manuscript L.S., `Caterina´, a bold and fine signature, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d., `Monday, 10h in the morning´, to his confident Friedrich Wilhelm Von Bauer, in Cyrillic. The manuscript document is a message from the Empress to her confident, mostly relating to a courtcase her correspondent is involved in against Count Trumbach, stating in part `To show you that although I was ill yesterday and am still weak today, I am nevertheless alive, and I am sending to you the Vienna last news about your trial with Count Trumbach. When you no longer need these papers, you can send them back to the vice -Chancellor and tell us what you want to do next...´ With blank integral leaf. Few small stains, not affecting the text or signature. GFriedrich Wilhelm Von Bauer (1731-1783) Russian General, Engineer, Architect, and Cartographer of German origin. A former leader of the free Prussian Hussars. Bauer participated since 1757 in the Seven Years´ War. His capacities glory and commander abilities reached Empress Catherine II who invited Bauer into Russian Army in 1769. He was appointed to the troops under Roumiantsev`s command fighting against Turks. The Empress gave full credit to him and awarded him with the St. Anna and St. Georgy orders. In 1773, appointed Lieutenant General, Bauer became a Knight of St. Alexander Nevski Order. As Engineer and Architect he worked on the projects of water conduit from Mytishchi to Moscow and a water conduit to Tsarskoe selo (the Royal Tsar village near St. Petersburg). Bauer also designed a number of fortresses and harbours in Riga and Kronshtadt. Bauer also contributed to the Russian cartography development. Friedrich Adolf Rudolf von Trümbach (1722-1786) Head of a Prussian volunteer corps during the Seven Years' War. At the end of the war, the corps was disbanded, and Trümbach was transferred to Danish service where he took over Colonel Moltke's Hussar corps.

EINSTEIN ALBERT: (1879-1955) German-born theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize winner for Physics, 1921. A very fine, rare Autograph Manuscript Signed, Albert Einstein, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d. The working manuscript, penned in bold, dark fountain pen ink, features over ten lines of scientific equations and calculations in his hand, with just one line of German text. Signed by Einstein with his full signature at the foot of the page, adding a line of text in his hand, in German, immediately beneath, 'Aus dem Friedhofe begrabener Hoffnungen' (Translation: 'From the graveyard of buried hopes'). Together with Elsa Einstein (1876-1936) Cousin and the second wife of Albert Einstein, married from 1919-36. T.L.S., Elsa Einstein, one page, 8vo, Bayard Lane, Princeton, 20th October 1933, to a lady ('Chere madame'), most probably Juliette Adant, wife of Professor Arthur de Groodt, on the printed stationery of the Peacock Inn, in French. Einstein writes 'C'est avec beaucoup de plaisir que je vous retourne les petits feuilles signes. Mon mari vous remercie pour les aimables lignes que vous lui avez ecris' (Translation: 'It is with great pleasure that I return the small, signed sheets to you. My husband thanks you for the kind lines you wrote to him') and adds that they have only been in America for a few days, observing 'Princeton est une petite Universite d'une grande charme en style anglais, une vraie copie d'Oxford. Nous sommes encore dans un hotel, mais en peu de temps nous demenageons dans une maison, qui est situee excessivement belle au milieu des grands jardins avec une vue splendide. Nous avons loues cette maison pour une demie annee. Nous voulons mener ici une vie surtout calme et tres loin de chaque publicite. Le professeur ne veut rien que faire son travail scientifique' (Translation: 'Princeton is a charming little university in the English style, a true copy of Oxford. We are still in a hotel, but in a short time we will move into a house, which is exceedingly beautifully located in the middle of large gardens and with a splendid view. We have rented this house for half a year. We want to lead a mostly calm life here and very far from publicity. The professor wants nothing but to do his scientific work'), further thanking her correspondent for all of their kindness, and also for offering to keep a trunk and small suitcase in their home until they return next year, 'Je vous remercie de tout mon coeur pour cette faveur. La malle contient des choses, qui sont de grande importance pour moi' (Translation: 'I thank you with all of my heart for this favour. The trunk contains things which are of great importance to me'). Whilst Einstein clearly created many such pages of scientific formulae during his career, they remain highly sought after by collectors, and signed examples are of exceptional rarity. Furthermore, the present example is greatly enhanced by both Einstein's handwritten observation (reflecting on the possibility of what he wished to have achieved with his calculations) and the fine accompanying letter of provenance from Elsa Einstein. Some very light, minor creasing to the page of calculations and a couple of very small, neat tears to the edges, one only very slightly affecting one small part of an equation. VG, 2Juliette De Groodt-Adant (1892-1964) Belgian writer, wife of the Flemish doctor Arthur de Groodt (1883-1952). In March 1933 Albert and Elsa Einstein returned to Europe from America and learned that Hitler had seized power and that the Gestapo had raided their Berlin apartment, confiscating many possessions. Landing in Antwerp, Belgium, Albert Einstein immediately visited the German consulate and surrendered his passport, formally renouncing his German citizenship. At the invitation of Arthur de Groodt and his wife (who counted Rabindranath Tagore amongst their friends) Albert and Elsa Einstein stayed for a few days at Cantecroy Castle before Juliette De Groodt-Adant suggested that they hire two cottages in De Haan, the Villa Savoyarde for the Einsteins and the Maisonette for themselves. The Einstein's stayed in the West Flanders municipality for six months before departing for London in September 1933. On 3rd October 1933, Einstein delivered a speech on the importance of academic freedom before a packed audience at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Four days later he returned to America with his wife and took up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, noted for having become a refuge for scientists fleeing Nazi Germany. Einstein's association with the Institute at Princeton University would last until his death in 1955.

PEI I.M.: (1917-2019) Chinese-American Architect. Some of his major projects include the John F. Kennedy Library in Massachusetts, the East Building of the National Gallery of Art, and the controversial glass-and-steel pyramid for the Louvre in Paris. Signed 5 x 7 photograph by Pei, the image showing the Chinese architect seated with an opned manuscript on his legs, in a three-quarter length pose. Signed in bold blue ink to a clear area of the image. VG