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A George III mahogany Pembroke tableCirca 1775The rectangular top with an ovolo moulded edge above an opposing frieze carved to each end with rosette-hung husk festoons centred by a flowerhead, on square fluted tapering legs terminating in block feet, 39cm wide x 47cm deep x 72.5cm high, (15in wide x 18 1/2in deep x 28 1/2in high)Footnotes:The carved element to each opposing end on the frieze of the present lot is similar in design to a manuscript drawing by Thomas Chippendale, which is inscribed: 'Chipindale', and appears illustrated in C. Gilbert, The Life and Work of Thomas Chippendale, Vol. I, 1978, London, fig. 26, p. 15.This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: TPTP Lot will be moved to an offsite storage location (Cadogan Tate, Auction House Services, 241 Acton Lane, London NW10 7NP, UK) and will only be available for collection from this location at the date stated in the catalogue. Please note transfer and storage charges will apply to any lots not collected after 14 calendar days from the auction date.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com

MUSSOLINI BENITO: (1883-1945) Italian Fascist Dictator of World War II. Executed. An excellent content and rare early Autograph Manuscript by Mussolini, three pages, 4to, n.p. [Rome], n.d. [April 1925], in Italian. Mussolini´s bold black ink manuscript is entitled `Prime Osservazioni´, ("Initial Observations"), contains multiple corrections, amendments, crossed and underlined sentences, some underlined in blue pencil,and relates to his opinions on the proposal of reforms in the Italian army presented by General Antonino Di Giorgio, Minister of war, stating in part `…L´ordinamento costringerá ad una dura battaglia perché investe in pieno la routine di talune mentalitá professionali…´ ("…The legal system will force a hard battle because it fully affects the routine of certain professional mentalities...") Mussolini considers the armed forces reforms proposal of law courageous because it would get rid of the conventional lies, saying `…per molti individui, l´esercito non è già lo strumento che la nazione si prepara per defendersi, ma è uno strumento di parata, di ordine pubblico, di difesa delle istituzioni..´ ("…for many individuals, the army is not yet the instrument that the nation is preparing to defend itself, but it is an instrument of parade, of public order, of defence of institutions...") Further again Mussolini concludes stating `…un ordinamento senza foglia di fico..´, the metaphorical expression refers to Adam and Eve fig leaf, indicating the intention to conceal a dishonest action, pretending to do one thing but actually doing another very different, hiding the true situation, and for this reason he is in favour of removing the fig leaf from the regulations and explain openly the real situation. Including a full transcription of the manuscript. Very small overall age wear, with pinholes to the corners, and few very small holes to the last page, none affecting the text. Very small minor traces of former affixing to corners, otherwise G Antonino Di Giorgio (1867-1932) Italian General. Participated in World War One. Minister of war 1924-25 under Mussolini. Both the Superior Council of the Army and the Senate rejected Di Giorgio´s reform of the Armed Forces.

HITLER ADOLF: (1889-1945) Fuhrer of the Third Reich 1933-45. An historically important Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, 4to, n.p. (Munich?) n.d. (February 1925), in German. The holograph notes were prepared by Hitler in advance of a speech (the first following his release from prison) he delivered in Munich's Burgerbraukeller on 27th February 1925. In the upper left corner Hitler has penned the year 1918 followed by the questions 'What had happened?' and 'Just what went wrong', continuing with a diagram separating the political parties 'on the Left "Proletariat"….Marxism….finished for good due to criminality' and 'on the Right "Bourgeoisie"……bourgeois parties….broke down due to cowardice' and also including the 'Volunteer Corps - Nationalist Organisations, Citizens Defending Themselves', the manuscript continuing with other relevant points he intended to deliver within the speech, 'Stick to the facts. Parties reject violence (cowardly). Associations are non-political (stupid. They keep pulling their chestnuts out of the fire). During all this the nation is destroyed, plundered domestically and internationally. Could anything still help? Founding of the NSDAP [National Socialist German Workers' Party, more commonly known as the Nazi Party] Goal. Programme', and to the second page Hitler writes further notes, 'Development. 1919-20-21-22-23. 8th November Result: Inflation. 1924 Parliament. Struggle within the movement. Did anyone care about us? No. My release. December 1924, February 27th 1925. Buttmann. The division is impending. I and Held. I and Rohm. I and Ludendorff. Lies. The old movement……The movement? In a different Germany. Here.' Autograph material of Adolf Hitler is extremely rare in any form, and the present notes are of particular significance in Hitler's rise to power, this particular speech representing a landmark moment in the re-establishing of the Nazi Party and Hitler cementing his position as 'der Fuhrer'. A couple of extremely minor, very small holes at the intersection of a couple of folds, VG'If anyone comes and tries to make conditions to me then I say to him: friend, wait and see what conditions I have to make to you. I am not wooing the masses. After a year you shall judge, my party comrades; if I have not acted correctly, then I shall place my office in your hands again. But until that moment this is the rule: I lead the movement alone, and no one shall set me conditions so long as I personally bear the responsibility. And I once more bear entire responsibility for everything that happens in the movement' (extract from Adolf Hitler's two-hour speech delivered at the Burgerbraukeller, Munich, 27th February 1925)Hitler joined the tiny German workers party in 1919, He quickly became its leader. On 9 November 1923, at the height of the great German inflation (on 20 November, one U.S. dollar was equal to four trillion German marks), Hitler risked a coup. He led his followers through the streets of Munich to the Feldherrnhalle, a war memorial, where waiting police opened fire. Sixteen of Hitler's followers were killed; Hitler himself was arrested, and after a trial that he turned into a political platform, he was sentenced to four years in prison. The party was banned, and its remnants degenerated into squabbling factions. Hitler stood outside the fray, using his time in prison to write Mein Kampf. He was released in December 1924 after serving only nine months of his term, and set about rebuilding the party. The authorities lifted the ban on the Nazi Party on 16 February 1925. Hitler now arranged one of his rhetorical masterpieces: a mass meeting on 27 February to re-establish the party. He chose the same beer hall from which he had launched his abortive revolution fifteen months earlier. Three thousand people packed the hall, and several thousand more were turned away. He entered to the passionate applause of the audience, and gave [a] two hour speech….Its first three-quarters offered nothing that most in the audience had not already heard, and would hear again in Hitler's future speeches. He reviewed Germany's history, claiming that past conservative parties had no contact with the masses, and that leftist parties pretended to address the problems faced by ordinary Germans, but actually served the interests of the Jews who controlled them. He also outlined his views on propaganda. In the last quarter of the speech, he moved to re-establish his control of the party. He claimed absolute authority. Anyone unwilling to obey could go his own way. Hitler 'forgave' those who had made mistakes in his absence, and demanded that there be no criticism of him or the party for a year. The audience responded with enthusiasm. After the speech, Hitler had arranged…..'a piece of pure theatre'. The Nazi leaders who had fought for supremacy while Hitler was in prison all 'mounted the platform and, among emotional scenes, with many standing on chairs and tables and the crowd pressing forward from the back of the hall, shook hands, forgave each other, and swore undying loyalty to the leader'……The speech succeeded. Hitler once again was absolute leader of the party' (from Landmark Speeches of National Socialism, edited by Randall L. Bytwerk, Texas A&M University Press, 2008)

[NUREMBERG TRIALS]: RIBBENTROP JOACHIM VON (1893-1946) German politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany 1938-45. A rare Autograph Manuscript Signed, Joachim von Ribbentrop (twice, once at the head of the first page and again, with an inscription, at the conclusion), thirteen pages (separate leaves), folio, n.p. (Nuremberg), n.d. (1945/46). Marked 'Personal' and written in bold pencil, in English, Ribbentrop's manuscript is of a biographical nature, and was prepared for Major Douglas M. Kelley, a United States Army psychiatrist serving at Nuremberg, and states, 'My family comes from a farm called "Ribbentrop"….in Detmold, where my family can be tracid (sic) back to the twelfth century being "Freibanum" (free-peasants) on their own land. In later centuries the family produced mostly judges, officials and later also soldiers. An ancestor of mine Barthold Ribbentrop signed the Westphalian peace for the Count of Lippe. My grandfather (father of my father) was still a…..Major in the Brunswick artillerie (sic). My grandmother was also a born Ribbentrop from Brunswick. The father of my mother was likewise….on his farm….in the province of Saxony. The mother of my mother was…..also from the country in Saxony. My father was Lt. Colonel in the Prussian Army Artillerie (sic). His two brothers also…..My father was a real type of a soldier, but also highly interested in intellectual and political matters. He was well based in all litteratuer (sic) history and a very independent sort of a personality. He also took an interest in the social tendencies of our century giving the working class a better living. His independence of thought (critic of political, military matters and of the former Kaiser) brought him into difficulties with his superior officers, so that he resigned from the army in 1909. We then lived in Switzerland for some years. In the worlds war my father fought with distinction and then lived as retired officer…..He was interested in the national-socialistic movement, but did not join it till 1933, because he was against the anti-Jewish policy of the party. He died on the 1 of January 1941 in his 82nd year. My feelings towards my father were such that I liked and admired him more than anybody in this world except my wife and children. There has never been a change in our relations since my childhood. I always had a very free exchange of views with him on all subjects and his death was felt by myself more than I can express. Of my mother I only have the recollection of my childhood. I was about 11 years when she died….of tuberculosis of the lungs after she had already lost a kidney, also of tuberculosis. The disease has been in her family, as her mother also died of this illness. My remembrance of her is of being a very sweet, delicate or rather suffering woman. Very good looking but very fragile. We loved her very much; when we saw her - as she was often absent….. - she was mostly in bed. I believe she was very fond of us 3 children, but did not want to infect us with T.B. and therefore saw us seldom. I have been sorry all my life not having known her more, because she was - the few times I remember - very good and sweet to us, She was, I believe, also very intelligent and very musical like my father. I used to love to sit beside her, when she played the piano, which she did, I believe, wonderfully. She made me love music so that I took up the violin and wanted to become a violinist, when I had finished school. My one brother, Lothar Ribbentrop, which I had, has been during his short life my good comrade. We were very fond of each other & helped us whenever we could. Once he saved my life in pulling me out of a river, as I could not swim, something which I never forgot him. I also could help him sometimes. We were together in Canada, where he caught a tuberculosis shortly before the war. He never recovered. He came over after the outbreak of the first worlds war, the army would not take him, he went to Switzerland and died of consumption at Lugano at the age of 26 in December 1918. We always had much the same ideas and thoughts. It may be a queer coincidence, but I must mention it: I was in Odessa (Russia) in December 1918, ill in bed, when one night in a dream I saw my brother quite clearly dying, lifting himself once more up in his pillows and then fall back dead. When after months I came home to Germany, my father told me of my brother's death and I could see from my diary that he had died really the same night I had seen him die in my dream. Our family life always has been very intimate. My brother was a rather quiet & earnest type of a man, very straightforward & very reliable. My only sister, Ingeborg….is a very nice little woman. Everybody likes her and we have also always been very fond of each other. It was on account of her, that my father at the time went to Switzerland, her lungs as little girl being affected by tubercular bacillus. However she recovered and has been healthy since. She was married about 1922/23 to a friend of mine, Albert Jenke, with whom she lived mostly in Turkey, he being in the building industry, Later on my brother in law was commercial attaché & councillor at the German Embassy at Constantinople. My sister is a woman, who I think takes life in a way, a woman should. She is always sweet & nice to everybody, has very many friends, has the heart in the right spot and I love her very much. The story of my own family: I was married to Annelies Henkell, daughter of the German champagne manufacturer Henkell and his wife,…..in Wiesbaden on the 5th July 1920. This year we should have celebrated our Silver Wedding. The story of the life of my wife and myself together is a rare one. It is too precious and too wonderful to be described in words, a marriage which has made life worth while living for me. I love my wife more than anything in this world, more than my own life and her love for me, she could not show better than she did during the last days of this war, when she wanted to come to me to Berlin from the south and end her life with mine. The Fuhrer forbade her coming. Our common life has been a life full of work, events, sad and gay ones, but above all a life full of happiness and harmony, as is seldom given to two human beings. I shall ever be grateful for this wonder. My wife has given us 5 children. The oldest Rudolf-Lothar was born on the 11th of May 1921 in Wiesbaden. He is a fine boy, educated in Berlin, joined the Westminster school in London for about a year, went then the usual way for Hitler Youth, working service into the army............This has caused a lack of memory to a certain extent, that some times certain happenings are completely wiped out of my memory…..the sleeplessness hasn't improved. I regularly take powders, but only sleep a few hours….Headaches, ear drumming, schwindelanfalle have somewhat intensified'. Signed and inscribed at the conclusion, 'To Major D. E. Kelley, with greatest thanks for all his kindness, Joachim von Ribbentrop'. A remarkable autobiographical manuscript written by Ribbentrop whilst imprisoned at Nuremberg. Some light age toning to some pages and with a few small, minor tears to a few margins, generally VGJoachim von Ribbentrop was arrested in June 1945 and subsequently convicted and sentenced to death at the Nuremberg Trials for his role in starting World War II in Europe and enabling the Holocaust. On 16th October 1946 he became the first of the Nuremberg defendants to be executed by hanging.Provenance: Acquired by our vendor at a Charles Hamilton Galleries sale (Auction 145) on 15th April 1982 (lot number 108).OWING TO LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CANNOT BE SHOWN - PLEASE CONTACT US DIRECTLY FOR THE FULL DESCRIPTION

CHARLES V: (1500-1558) Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria 1519-56, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) 1516-56, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy 1506-55. A fine D.S., Carol[us], one page (vellum), oblong folio, Genoa, 18th October 1536, in Latin. The attractively penned manuscript document confirms Girolamo Brebbia in his position as General Treasurer of the Duchy of Milan. Some very light, minor staining and age wear and with two neat slits where a seal would originally have been affixed, about VG In 1535 Francesco II Sforza, the Duke of Milan, had died without heirs and Charles V annexed the territory as a vacant imperial state with the help of Massimiliano Stampa, one of the most influential courtiers of the late Duke. Charles V successfully held on to all of its Italian territories, although they were invaded again on multiple occasions during the Italian wars. Genoa, where the present document was signed, was, at the time, effectively governed by the Genoese statesman and Admiral Andrea Doria who had been in the service of Charles V since 1528.

[ISABELLA I OF CASTILE]: (1451-1504) Queen of Castile 1474-1504 and Queen consort of Aragon 1479-1504 as the wife of King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Together they ruled over a dynastically unified Spain and are known as the Catholic Monarchs. A very fine facsimile edition of the Book of Hours of Queen Isabella of Castile, Luxury Edition published by Testimonio Compania Editorial, Madrid, 1991. The beautifully produced edition is a facsimile of the Book of Hours presented to Isabella I by either her mother-in-law Juana Enriquez or by her husband as a gift on the occasion of the Queen's marriage to Ferdinand II at the Palacio de los Vivero in Valladolid on 19th October 1469. The original manuscript, held in the Biblioteca del Palacio Real de Madrid (Spanish National Library) was masterfully created by the studio of Willem Vrelants in Bruges, an outstanding miniaturist of the Flemish school, the 730pp featuring some 3,487 miniatures (72 of which occupy complete pages) in the Gothic Renaissance style, scenically depicting biblical stories and the Acts of Saints, the borders featuring elaborate arabesques and delicate foliage, the Latin text further adorned with many fine large and smaller decorative initials with floral ornamentation on a gold background. Faithful to the original document in scope and format, the present facsimile edition is hand sewn and bound in dark blue goatskin with gold-coloured metallic decorations to the covers and spine, and all edges gilt. Numbered 415 of 980 to the limitations page at the conclusion. EX

HENRY III: (1551-1589) King of France 1574-89 and King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1573-75. Last French King of the House of Valois. Assassinated. L.S., Henry, one page, oblong folio, vellum, Paris, 19th April 1576, in old French. The manuscript letter states, in part, `Aujourd'hui XVe jour d'avril mil cinq cent soixante-seize, le Roi étant à Paris, ayant égard aux recommandables services que le sieur de La Roche, Chevalier de son ordre et gentilhomme ordinaire de sa chambre, a fait à cette couronne, et désirant pour lui donner moyen de l'y affectionner et continuer de bien en mieux avec meilleure volonté l'approcher près de sa personne, et l'honorer d'état digne à ses mérites. Pour cette cause sa Majesté l'a retenu et retient en l'état de conseiller en son conseil privé pour y avoir séance et voix délibératrice et jouir des mêmes honneurs et autorités que les autres conseillersi. En témoig de quoi, sa Majesté a voulu signer ce présent brevet de sa propre main, et fait contresigner par moi´ (“Translation: “This day, the fifteenth day of April, one thousand five hundred and seventy-six, the King being in Paris, having regard to the commendable services which the Sieur de La Roche, Chevalier of his order and ordinary gentleman of his chamber, has rendered to this crown, and desiring to give him the means of affection and continuing better and better will to approach him close to his person, and to honour him with a state worthy of his merits. For this cause his Majesty has retained him and retains him in the capacity of Councillor in his Privy Council to have a seat and deliberative vote there and to enjoy the same honours and authorities as the other Councillors. In witness whereof, His Majesty has wished to sign this present patent with his own hand, and has been countersigned by me”) Countersigned by Brulart. Overall age wear and creasing with slightly uneven edges. About G The King refers to the Knight´s order of Saint Michel, founded in 1469 by Louis XI, called “Ordre et aimable Compagnie de Monsieur Saint Michel”.  

LOUIS XIV: (1638-1715) King of France 1643-1715. A fine D.S., Louis, one page, large oblong folio (featuring an attractive watermark of the King’s Royal Standard), Pavia, 15th March 1665, in French. The manuscript document is addressed to Pope Alexander VII and requests that he resume the beatification proceedings for Bishop Juvenal, ‘herewith we continue in the example of King Henry the Great [Henry IV] of immortal memory, our Grandfather who during his life initiated procedures for the beatification of this virtuous person….’ Boldly signed by the Sun King at the foot and countersigned by Hugues de Lionne (1611-1671) French statesman who served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1663-71. With manuscript address panel to the verso. A document of interesting content and good association. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG Alexander VII (1599-1667) Pope of the Catholic Church 1655-67. John Juvenal Ancina (1545-1604) Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Saluzzo from 1602-04. An accomplished musician and man of letters, Ancina was a professed member from the Oratorians and friend of Francis de Sales. Ancina was poisoned to death on 30th August 1604 when a renegade monk gave him wine laced with poison, apparently in a reconciliatory action after Ancina had disciplined the monk for visiting a convent with sinful intent. Ancina’s cause for sainthood commenced soon after his death although complications arose due to a lack of concrete evidence suggesting that he was killed in hatred of the faith due to his being poisoned and the cause was suspended for a time until 1666 when Pope Alexander VII reopened it. Francis de Sales attested to Ancina’s saintliness at around the same time, however it would not be until February 1890 that Ancina was beatified by Pope Leo XIII in Saint Peter’s Basilica.

LOUIS XIV: (1638-1715) King of France 1643-1715. D.S., Louis, five pages, folio, Paris, 12th May 1703, in French. The manuscript document is the marriage contract by and between Charles Houel (1659-1736) French Field Marshal, Marquis of Houelbourg and Guadeloupe, Lord of La Rochebernard, son of Charles Houel, the Governor of Guadeloupe; and Anne Henriette de Cordouan (1667-1719) Maid of Honour to the Duchess of Guise (the document also signed and initialled by them at various points), signed by the King at the conclusion and countersigned by a number of other individuals including Princess Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1652-1722) Duchess of Orleans, the widow of King Louis XIV's brother, Philippe I, Duke of Orleans; Louis II Phelypeaux de Pontchartrain (1643-1727) French politician who served as Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi 1690-99 and as Chancellor of France 1699-1714; and his sone Jerome Phelypeaux (1674-1747) French politician who served with his father as Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi and as Secretary of State for the Navy 1699-1715; Leonard Elie de Pompadour (1659-1732) Governor of Perigord, as well as members of other French noble families including Marie de Maupeau (daughter of Pierre de Meaupeau), Francoise de Montault de Navailles (1653-1717) third wife of Charles III, Duke of Elbeuf; and their daughter Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine (1686-1710) Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat, etc. Tied with a faded red ribbon and contained in the original plain paper wrappers. Some light overall age wear and a small area of paper loss to the lower right corner of the final pages. About VG 

 `My intention is that you give orders to arrest him and seize his documentation. Don't waste time doing what I tell you to do´ LOUIS XIV: (1638-1715) Also known as Louis the Great or The Sun King. King of France 1643-1715. Son of Louis XIII. His reign of more than 72 years is the longest recorded of any monarch in European history. An extremely rare and excellent Autograph Letter Signed, `Louis´, one page, 8vo, n.p. [Versailles], Ce Mercredi, 16me Novembre, in French. The full manuscript letter, boldly written in the King´s hand, is a striking example of the Royal absolutism, stating in full `Je vous ay donné ordre de renvoyer un homme qui enseigne à Orléans [à Laon], lieu de sa naissance. Je ne trouve pas que ce soit assés. Mon intention est que vous donniés ordre de l'arrester et de sesir ses papiers. Ne perdez pas de temps à faire ce que je vous mande´ (Translation: “I have ordered you to send a man who teaches in Orleans at Laon, the place of his birth. I don't think that's enough. My intention is that you give orders to arrest him and seize his documentation. Don't waste time doing what I tell you to do´ With blank integral leaf. VG In this autograph letter we can read what the authority of the King was, and also the arbitrariness of the justice of the time. We see the sovereign getting personally involved in a matter that seems of little importance, most probably a cleric professing subversive ideas, but ordering to obey without delay.

LOUIS XV: (1710-1774) King of France 1715-74. A good document signed by the King, with three words above also in his hand. D.S., `Bon les apostilles Louis´, twenty-seven pages, folio, n.p., May 1731, in French. The lengthy manuscript document, signed at the conclusion by the King, is the approval of the 1731 salaries and gratuities to be paid to officers and petty officers of the Regiment of French Guards, and lists a long number of names, with ranks and amounts to pay, ranging from 8000 francs for the Chief of the regiment, Colonel Duc de Gramont, to the 100 francs to most Sergeants. Tied with blue ribbon. G to VG The Regiment of the Guards was created in 1560 to grant the security of the King.Louis Antoine Armand de Gramont (1688-1741) Duc de Louvigny. Colonel of the French Guards from 1717. Appointed General in 1734.  

LOUIS XVI: (1754-1793) King of France 1774-92, the last King to rule before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. D.S., Louis, one page, folio, Paris, 5th August 1792, in French. The manuscript document relates to the expenses of the treasurer and the National Treasury during the month of July 1792, in part, 'In execution of the Law of the 13th of November last, the Commissioners of the National Treasury will pay the sum of six millions four hundred twenty two thousand nine hundred and fifty nine livres three sous seven deniers for purchases….in cash made by the Treasurer of the National Treasury'. Countersigned at the foot by six commissioners of the National Treasury including Jean de Vaines (Public Revenue Office), Antoine Pierre Dutremblay (Marine Expenditures) and Daniel Etienne Rouille de l'Estang (War expenditures). With a non-contemporary blank integral leaf bearing the stamp of the collector Dr. Max Thorek of Chicago. Loosely contained within a handsome large folio Prussian blue morocco display folder with gilt decorative borders to the interior and exterior and accompanied by two different antique engravings of Louis XVI. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG The present document was signed by King Louis XVI just five days prior to the Insurrection of 10th August 1792, a defining event of the French Revolution when armed revolutionaries in Paris stormed the Tuileries Palace. The conflict led France to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic. 

VICTOR EMANUEL I: (1759-1824) King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy 1802-21. D.S., V. Emanuele, four pages (vellum), 4to, Turin, 27th August 1814, in Italian. The untranslated manuscript document is the License of the First Official of the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs with the title, grade and seniority of Senator in favour of the already replaced Advocate General Angelo Castagneri with an annual salary of 3150 lira. With a copy of an extract from the oath of Castagneri annexed. Tied with a thin blue string within plain vellum wrappers and with the original metal seal case affixed (unopened and seemingly lacking the seal). Some light age wear, about VG 

KARL AUGUST: (1757-1828) Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, noted for the intellectual brilliance of his court. A friend and patron of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the Grand Duke made the German writer a member of his Privy Council from 1776-85. D.S., Karl August, with three additional lines of holograph text, one page, folio, Weimar, 21st December 1799, in German. The manuscript document is untranslated. Some very light, extremely minor age wear and a few light creases at the head of the page, otherwise VG

LUDWIG II: (1845-1886) King of Bavaria 1864-86, known both as the Swan King and the Fairy Tale King. D.S., Ludwig, one page, folio, Hohenschwangau Castle, 10th December 1867, in German. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is untranslated although appears to relate to an individual named Lombardino and makes reference to the sum of one thousand four hundred guilders. Countersigned at the foot by Johann von Lutz (1826-1890) Bavarian politician who served as Justice Minister in 1867 and as Minister-President of Bavaria 1880-90, becoming a key figure in the overthrow of Ludwig II. With blank integral leaf. Some staining and minor age wear, G

[RUSSIA]: A small 8vo menu card featuring an attractive blue printed Russian coat of arms at the head, and with the manuscript menu, in French, below, 10th August 1913, individually signed in bold pencil by both Nicholas Nikolaevich (1856-1929) Russian Grand Duke, the grandson of Emperor Nicholas I and Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I, and Anastasia of Montenegro (1868-1935) Montenegrin Princess, Grand Duchess of Russia as the wife of Grand Duke Nicholas. Together with an oblong 12mo printed table place card for Colonel Dumezil, individually signed in bold pencil by Nicholas Nikolaevich, his wife Anastasia of Montenegro and Helen of Serbia (1884-1962) Serbian Princess, niece of Princess Anastasia, and Joseph Joffre (1852-1931) French General, Commander-in-Chief of the French forces on the Western Front 1914-16. Also including an unsigned printed oblong 8vo invitation card, in French, issued by their Imperial Highnesses Grand Duchess Anastasia and Grand Duke Michael and inviting the recipient to a lunch on 21st July (1913) at 12.15pm in the Grand Tent at the Krasnoe Selo camp. Accompanied by the original printed envelope addressed to Colonel Dumezil, Aide-de-Camp to Joffre. Some very light, minor staining and age wear, generally VG, 3In 1913 Joseph Joffre travelled to Saint Petersburg to meet with Tsar Nicholas II and the military elite of Russia as part of a diplomatic mission to strengthen the Triple Entente, the alliance formed between Russia, France and Britain as a military counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria and Italy. On his arrival in Russia, Joffre was afforded the greatest of welcomes and receptions including being able to partake in military manoeuvres with the Russian Emperor himself. On 27th July 1913 the Tsar hosted a dinner at the Peterhof Palace in honour of the visiting French General and the French delegation.  

CHARLES II: (1630-1685) King of England, Scotland & Ireland 1660-85. A good D.S., Charles R, as King, at the head, one page, 4to, Court at Whitehall, 30th August 1683. The manuscript document is a Warrant addressed 'To the Ranger or Keepers of Our Parkes at Woodstocke' and states, in full, 'Our Will and Pleasure is that you kill and deliver unto this Bearer one fat Buck of this Season, and for so doing this shall be your Warrant'. With integral leaf (docketed 'for Mr. Whitemoxon'). Some light age wear and minor staining and a few neat tears to the integral leaf, about VG

WILLIAM III: (1650-1702) William of Orange. King of England, Scotland and Ireland 1689-1702 and Prince of Orange 1650-1702. A fine D.S., Prince d'Orange, one page, folio, Gravenhage, 6th January 1676, in Dutch. The untranslated manuscript document relates to Knight L'hendorff (Leendorff) and his request to be removed from the civil service of the United Netherlands, which is granted. Countersigned at the foot by Constantin Huygens Jr. (1628-1697) Dutch statesman and poet, a chronicler of his times (revealing the importance of gossip), who was appointed secretary to William III in 1672. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. With blank integral leaf. VG 

GEORGE II: (1683-1760) King of Great Britain and Ireland 1727-60. D.S., George R, as King, at the head, one page, folio, Court at St. James's, 17th December 1731. The manuscript document is a warrant for establishing a board of General Officers as 'the time limited by Our Warrant for Constituting a Board of General Officers expires the 24th of this instant December….we have thought fit to Order and Direct that the Board of General Officers for the future shall consist of those whose Names are respectively mentioned in the list annexed (no longer present) seven of whom at any time are to constitute a Board, of which said seven General Officers Five shall be a Quorum and the Eldest at any time present to be President, and to sit as often as Our Service shall require……And to meet at the Great Room at the Horse Guards…..in order to have the Inspection of the Cloathing of Our Forces, and to consider and Report their Opinion upon all Matters, that shall be referr'd to them either by Us, or Our Secretary at Warr. And Our said General Officers are hereby required to Act and Govern themselves accordingly'. Countersigned at the foot by William Strickland (c.1686-1735) English politician who served as Secretary at War 1730-35. With blank integral leaf. Some light foxing and age wear and a few stains and minor splits at the edges of the folds (some professionally repaired). About VG

GEORGE IV: (1762-1830) King of the United Kingdom 1820-30. D.S., George PR, as Prince Regent, on behalf of King George III, two pages, folio, Carlton House, 15th June 1818. The manuscript document is addressed to Lord Eldon and is a Warrant for affixing the Great Seal to the acceptance of the King of Wurttemberg's Accession to the General Treaty signed in Congress at Vienna on the 9th June 1815, and to the Acts thereunto annexed. Countersigned at the conclusion by Viscount Castlereagh (1769-1822) British Statesman, who served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affais (1812-22) and was central to the management of the coalition that defeated Napoleon Bonaparte. Sewn into the document with black silk ties is a four-page manuscript copy of the document in which the Prince Regent, on behalf of King George III, approved and accepted the Act of Accession, the text in English and French, stating, in part, 'Whereas an Act of Accession on the part of His Majesty The King of Wurttemberg, to the General Treaty signed in Congress at Vienna…..between His Britannic Majesty, His Majesty The Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, His Majesty The King of France and Navarre, His Royal Highness The Prince Regent of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Brazils, His Majesty The King of Prussia, His Majesty The Emperor of all the Russias, and His Majesty The King of Sweden and Norway - as well as to the Treaties, Conventions, Declarations, Regulations, and other Acts recited in the Hundred and Eighteenth Article of the said General Treaty, was concluded and signed at Stuttgart on the Fourteenth day of April last, by the Plenipotentiary of His said Majesty The King of Wurttemberg…….We having seen and considered the Act of Accession aforesaid, have, in the Name and on Behalf of His Majesty, approved and accepted the same…..' With blank integral leaf and blind embossed paper seal affixed. VG The present document relates to the settlements made at the Congress of Vienna, which met from the end of September 1814 to June 1815 in order to re-organise and settle the shape of post-Napoleonic Europe. 

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain & Ireland 1837-1901. D.S., Victoria R, as Queen, at the head, four pages, folio, Court at Balmoral, 19th May 1842. The manuscript document, on black bordered mourning paper, is a warrant addressed to Ker Baillie-Hamilton, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the British Virgin Islands, and appoints Isaac Farrington, Robert Grimes Pedder and Ebenezer Bronstorph to be non-elective members of the Legislative Council of the Virgin Islands. Countersigned at the conclusion by Henry Pelham-Clinton (1811-1864) 5th Duke of Newcastle, British politician who served as Secretary of State for the Colonies 1859-64. With blind embossed paper seal affixed and integral address leaf, tied with a black ribbon. Some splitting at the folds, only very slightly affecting the text but not the signatures, GKer Baillie-Hamilton (1804-1889) British colonial administrator.

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain & Ireland 1837-1901. D.S., Victoria R, as Queen, at the head, two pages, folio, Court at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, 23rd July 1857. The manuscript document is a warrant appointing Henry Lettsome Maclean to the executive council of the British Virgin Islands, in part, 'We being well satisfied of the loyalty, integrity and ability of Our Trusty and Wellbeloved Henry Lettsome Maclean….We do hereby signify Our Will and pleasure that forthwith upon the receipt of these presents you swear and admit him…..to be a Member of the Executive Council of Our Virgin Islands'. Countersigned at the conclusion by Henry Labouchere (1798-1869) 1st Baron Taunton, British politician who served as Secretary of State for the Colonies 1855-58. Together with a manuscript D.S. by Thomas Price (President of the British Virgin Islands 1857-58, 1859-61), two pages, folio, Government House, Tortola, 8th November 1858, nominating and appointing Henry Lettsome Maclean to be a registrar for district C. With a blind embossed paper seal affixed to each document. Some light damp staining, just affecting the text and signatures (all of which remain perfectly legible) and with some neat splits at the folds (some repaired with clear tape to the verso). About G, 2The present documents are accompanied by an envelope annotated in an unidentified hand, '……signatures of Queen Victoria on commissions. Picked up by me derelict in the bushes at Beef Island, British Virgin Is. where old Henry Lettsome Maclean lived, after the family had came to grief & abandoned the place'. 

‘Consider the political interest of linking Algeria to us’ DE GAULLE CHARLES: (1890-1970) French General who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II, later serving as Prime Minister of France 1958-59 and as President of France 1959-69. A powerful Autograph Note, unsigned, one page, oblong 8vo, n.p. (Paris?), n.d. (17th October 1966), in French. In bold pencil De Gaulle writes, in full, 'Considerez l'interet politique de lier l'Algerie a nous' (Translation: 'Consider the political interest of linking Algeria to us'). An ink annotation in an unidentified hand to the verso indicates that the note was written during a restricted meeting of the General Council on 17th October 1966. Lightly tipped to the inside of an official paper folder from the Minister of Finances, the cover marked in typescript 'Tres Important - mot manuscript du General au Ministre' (Translation: 'Very Important - handwritten word from the General to the Minister'. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG Upon becoming President, De Gaulle was faced with the urgent task of finding a solution to bring an end to the bloody and divisive war in Algeria, however his intentions were obscure and he faced uprisings in Algeria by the pied-noirs and the French armed forces. De Gaulle eventually arranged a cease-fire in Algeria in March 1962 which gave victory to the Algerian Liberation Movement (FLN) who came to power and declared independence. Although the Algerian issue was settled and the long crisis over, Prime Minister Michel Debre resigned over the final settlement. France recognised Algerian independence on 3rd July 1962. De Gaulle, who had served as Minister of Algerian Affairs from 1958-59, was targeted for death in retaliation for his Algerian initiatives and several assassination attempts were made on him. The most famous occurred on 22nd August 1962, when he and his wife narrowly escaped from an organised machine gun ambush on their Citroen limousine. Frederick Forsyth used the incident as the basis for his novel The Day of the Jackal. Michel Debre (1912-1996) French politician who served under De Gaulle as Prime Minister of France 1959-62 and later as Minister of the Economy and Finance 1966-68. 

AMERICANA: Small selection of signed cards, T.Ls.S., signed 8 x 10 photograph (1) etc., by various American politicians, all of whom served as Vice-Presidents of the United States, comprising Alben W. Barkley (Vice-President 1949-53) T.L.S., Alben W. Barkley, one page, 4to, Washington, 26th January 1949, to Miss. Rae Robins, on the printed stationery of the Office of the Vice President. Barkley thanks his correspondent for their letter and for having sent a copy of her poem Inaugural Day in Washington, continuing to remark 'I have read the poem with great pleasure and congratulate you upon its composition…' , together with a fountain pen ink signature ('Alben W. Barkley') on an oblong 12mo card; Hubert h. Humphrey (Vice-President 1965-69) T.L.S., Hubert H. Humphrey, one page, small 4to, Washington, 23rd August 1968, to Karl-Heinz Fleitmann, on the printed stationery of the Vice President, informing him that he cannot comply with a request for a handwritten manuscript, adding 'However, I hope you will enjoy the enclosed copy of the speech I gave when I announced my candidacy for President along with the official portrait I have autographed for you as requested', together with the official printed copy of the speech referred to, delivered in Washington on 27th April 1968, and accompanied by a signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph of Humphrey seated in a three-quarter length pose, signed in bold black ink to the lower white border, 'To Karl-Heinz Fleitmann, with best wishes, Hubert H Humphrey'; Nelson A. Rockefeller (Vice President 1974-77) Large portion of a D.S., Nelson A Rockefeller, one page, small 4to, Albany, 1st December 1964, convening a Legislature in Extraordinary Session for the 15th December 1964 'for the purpose of considering legislation enacting a new State legislative apportionment and districting plan', countersigned by the Secretary to the Governor and with a gold circular blind embossed seal affixed. Some light staining and minor age wear, G to generally VG, 6 

DELLUC LOUIS: (1890-1924) French Impressionist film director. A rare A.L.S., Louis Delluc, one page, 4to, Rue de l'Elysee, n.d. (c.1921-23) to a gentleman, on the attractive red printed stationery of Cinea, in French. Delluc thanks his correspondent for their intervention and adds that he was glad that the manuscript was of interest, and therefore hopes for Fayard's decision. Autograph letters of Delluc are rare as a result of his untimely death from pneumonia at the age of 33. VG The French cinema magazine Cinea, of which Delluc was the editor, was published between 1921 and 1923. Fayard, the French Paris-based publishing house was established in 1857.

LANG FRITZ: (1890-1976) Austro-Hungarian born film director whose works include the ground-breaking futuristic Metropolis (1927) and the influential film noir precursor M (1931). An interesting Autograph Manuscript, unsigned (although with his surname LANG and initials F.L. appearing at various stages within the text), fifteen pages (separate leaves), 4to, n.p. (Los Angeles), 2nd March - 11th April n.y. (c.1966). The manuscript, written in English, represents Lang's daily planner whilst making a visit to Los Angeles in the company of the German-French film critic and writer Lotte Eisner, with various events and meetings etc. recorded in a tabular form and divided between day and evening, including telephoning Mary Pickford upon his arrival, receiving calls from Josef von Sternberg ('picked me up at 1 for lunch') and King Vidor, contacting William Wyler, Alfred Hitchcock, Edith Head, Gene Kelly ('will call when he has time'), Billy Wilder, Mervyn LeRoy, George Cukor, Stanley Kramer, John Ford, Lewis Milestone, Vincente Minelli and others, and also including various notes recording his daily activities, 'working on Bogdanovich's interview', 'playing Wartime Underground records of Lang', '10am Dr for Typhoid and Cholera shots', 'Luft called re Sol Lesser rendezvous', 'Staff of LA County Museum debating Homage to Renoir', 'to Larry Edmonds Bookshop….would like to exchange in Paris posters etc., afterwards to Academy Theatre at Melrose Ave', 'Lotte looked at articles and pictures of Fritz Lang', 'Lotte called Arthur Knight: will bring a drawing by Chaplin', 'David Raskin called: he gave “Chaplin drawing” to Arthur Knight but would like to get from C.F. a letter with valuation (to subtract it from his income tax). He will look for a music score of a Chaplin film' etc., and noting the names of various restaurants where they dined in the evenings, and the occasional film they have seen, including Our Man Flint. The final page features a list of expenses incurred by Lang during the trip. Many of the events and names are underlined or circled in bold red ink. A fascinating document illustrating the connections Lang maintained in Hollywood with some of film's legendary directors, producers and actors. Some light age wear, generally VG

LANG FRITZ: (1890-1976) Austro-Hungarian born film director whose works include the ground-breaking futuristic Metropolis (1927) and the influential film noir precursor M (1931). A good series of seven T.Ls.S., Fritz Lang, thirteen pages (total), 4to, most Beverly Hills, California, April 1963 - November 1964, all to the writer Alfred Eibel, in German. Lang writes to his correspondent concerning their project to write a book about Lang, extracts from the letters include -(i) 'Unfortunately I'm not really in a position to delve further into your project at the moment. I'm head over heels working on my next film, going to Rome and Capri in two days and then having to go back to Munich and then Berlin and London…..I won't be able to deal with your project for four to five months, with the best will in the world. I'm very sorry, but unfortunately I can't give you any further information at the moment. I just want to tell you that…..about 8 to 10 days ago, a book on the same basis as you intend to do yours has been published by Seghers in Paris. It's called "Fritz Lang" and was written by Luc Moullet' (25th April 1963)(ii) 'I read that the book about me has already been published….business and health reasons have prevented me from writing to you…..I've been taking the trouble to look up old files for the last few days and will try to send you some photocopies of American articles I've written…..I'm also very anxious that you will include in this book an essay by my long time collaborator and editor of my films, Gene Fowler….' (22nd January 1964)(iii) 'I have reviewed the material you have sent to Hollywood for use in the book and I shall comment on that first…..I have the following very important things to say; the "Writings by Fritz Lang" you have given are from Germany, as far as I can remember, mostly from the press offices of the respective companies for which I make the films….have been written by Thea von Harbou and are not mine…..I would not like these articles to be published in your book under my name. If you would send me the German articles from the period 1919 to 1933 in German, I would read them as soon as possible and write back to you immediately which articles are, to the best of my knowledge and belief, mine. I will send you a number of original articles of mine…..Preface by Fritz Lang to "Famous Films" by H. A. V. Bullied, delivered as speech at the occasion of showing of "M". The Frog and I by Fritz Lang (referring to an insert shot for "You Only Live Once")…..Why Am I Interested in Murder? By Fritz Lang…..The Freedom of the Screen by Fritz Lang (published in Theatre Arts December 1947)…..Happily Ever After by Fritz Lang (published in Penguin Film Review…..1948), I Do Not Believe in Censorship by Fritz Lang….. These articles are very important to me, and since you yourself write that you are very poor in terms of material from me and about me from 1936 to 1956, this is certainly a full substitute for any German articles that are missing. I am also sending you a number of the interviews and articles about me you have requested…..regarding your request regarding the manuscript Unter ausschluss der oeffentlichkeit (Translation: With the Exclusion of the Public) I would be happy to authorise you to publish it…..Chapters 2 and 6 you are planning are not entirely clear to me. In chapter 2 you write "Filmography from 1919-1962" and in Chapter 6 write "New Filmography". About what do you want to write in this chapter? My coming to Europe has been postponed from February to March 1964. I will let you know in good time when and where I can be reached in Europe and I hope that we will still have time to sit down and talk in detail about the individual articles so that there are no errors in your book, which could give rise to unwanted criticism' (1st February 1964)(iv) 'I hope you enjoyed my stay and long conversations….I know it was very tiring and certainly not always easy….but believe me I was very happy…..and everything I said was in sincere favour to you…..My house is always open to you…..I remember that you promised me four examples of your book…..Unfortunately these books have still not arrived…..I was in Washington until November 9th, but the mentioned booklets had not arrived there by then. Neither are they here in Beverly Hills….and I am now in a terrible dilemma…..But maybe you made a mistake and you still have the booklets in your possession. If so, please forward them to me immediately in Beverly Hills. And be so kind as to send me the four copies of your book you promised me by air mail at the same time. Of course, I will pay you for the postage costs' (10th November 1964)(v) 'Unfortunately I only got around to replying to your long letter of 26th December today. I'm sure you've had some wrong thoughts, God knows what, but the delay has nothing to do with you personally, dear Eibel, but with an accident I had in Washington…..I slipped on one of the many steps leading up to public buildings in Washington….and sprained my hand…..I've been back in Beverly Hills for about 8 days now and can finally write to you. Of course, I was extremely interested in what you wrote to me about Joris Ivens Mistral-Film. I'm surprised you don't think he can handle the "big machine"….I consider him one of the best documentary film directors. But Mistral is certainly a topic that naturally brings with it a lot of distractions…..Thanks for translating Career Girl. I know how difficult it is to translate from one language to another without losing the flair….Of course we have to see each other…..I would like to talk to you about the new edition of your book. You write quite correctly that the American contributions are pretty superficial with few exceptions. That goes without saying, because each and every one of my employees will of course only write in general terms. On the one hand because they don't want to get in trouble with me for later films, on the other hand because they are all in the same situation in front of me, since they usually perform and do what the director decides…..Mr Gerard Legrand…..wrote me a letter in which he writes that it says in your book that I said that in the film "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" many cuts were made without my consent. At the moment I don't know if that's true, but I want to write to him about it one of these days' (4th March 1965)(vi) 'My distrust of the German doctors has once again come true because although the doctor told me I could go to London, the pain got worse again and I decided without further ado to postpone my London affairs to September and to fly back to America to see my doctors. I survived the 14-hour flight relatively well with the help of painkillers….Here I went to my doctors, who only shrugged off the negligence and inadequacy of German x-rays….What I am going to write now, dear Eibel, is only for you and I ask that you do not speak to anyone about this......A good series of letters with interesting content. Generally VG, 7Alfred Eibel (1932- ) published his work Fritz Lang in Paris in 1964 and also contributed to the documentary Fritz Lang - Circle of Destiny in 1998.OWING TO LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CANNOT BE SHOWN - PLEASE CONTACT US DIRECTLY FOR THE FULL DESCRIPTION

DUSE ELEONORA: (1858-1924) Italian stage actress. D.S., E Duse, two pages, slim 4to, n.p. (Marseille?), n.d. (c. December 1903), in French. The manuscript document is a contract between Duse and Monsieur Simon of the Theatre des Varietes in Marseille in which the actress agrees to appear in two Italian performances with her company, on Tuesday 5th January and Thursday 7th January 1904, outlining that Duse will receive 70% of the revenue generated by ticket receipts and that Simon will receive 30% from which he shall pay various expenses, including the cost of stagehands, an orchestra featuring a string quartet and one or two pianos if necessary, advertising posters (from two weeks before the performances) etc., but not to include the cost of travel and hotel accommodation for Duse and her company, and also stipulating that the same seats within the theatre (including balcony seats) that were reserved for her previous performance on 28th March 1898 will again be reserved for Duse's guests. With two circular French revenue stamps (one blind embossed) in the left margin. VG

MELIES GEORGES: (1861-1938) French Film Director, a Pioneer of cinema and innovator in the use of special effects. Rare D.S., G. Melies, one page, 4to, Paris, 12th November 1912, the partially printed document being a receipt issued on Melies' attractive printed stationery. The manuscript receipt, in French, is for the sum of 370 Francs, being the payment of royalties due from the sales, in New York, of some of Melies' films. Also bearing to the front a red ink stamp of the Melies cinema manufacture over a tax stamp. Three binding holes to the left border, not affecting the text or signature. VG

MÉLIÈS GEORGES: (1861-1938) French Film Director, a pioneer of cinema and innovator in the use of special effects. Rare D.S., G. Melies, two pages, 4to, 16 Passage de l´Opéra, Paris, 9th October 1912, being a receipt issued on Melies' attractive printed stationery "Manufacture de Films pour Cinématographes - G. Melies". The manuscript receipt, in French, is for the sum of 390 Francs, being the payment of royalties due from the sales, in New York, of some of Melies' films. To the second typed page, the document states "On New York sales - Forgive Us Our Trespasses…" Bearing to the front page a payment red ink stamp cancelling the debt with tax cancellation stamp. Three file holes to the left edge of the document, not affecting the text or signature. VG 

‘Suppose I hafter charge half-fare for the kid?’ FORD JOHN: (1894-1973) American film director, Academy Award winner. A rare Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, 8vo, Hollywood, California, n.d. (1938/39). In dark fountain pen ink Ford has penned a series of six dialogue and scene notes for his classic Western film Stagecoach (1939), in part, 'Lordsburg - Plummers leave Oriental, black cat crosses their path - younger Plummer - hysterically - shoots cat. Luke reproves him “Keep yo nerve” (Plummers = Luke, Matthew & John?)…..Buck: birth of baby - “a baby? How - I mean - why…..Curley - I'll explain it to you sometime…..Buck to Curly: “Suppose I hafter charge half-fare for the kid?”…….Hatsfield = Escape Sequence - “I overheard your conversation. I took the liberty of saddling a horse”, the Kid = Snow Sequence “has blanket - gives to Dallas, apologises “cause it smells of hoss”'. A significant manuscript relating to one of the most influential films in cinema history. Very slightly irregularly torn to the left edge and with a few small staple holes to the upper edge, none of which affect the text, otherwise VG John Ford's Academy Award winning film Stagecoach (1939) starred Claire Trevor as Dallas and John Wayne, in his breakthrough role, as Ringo Kid. Dudley Nichols wrote the screenplay as an adaptation of The Stage to Lordsburg, a short story by Ernest Haycox. The film follows a group of strangers riding on a stagecoach through dangerous Apache territory and has long been recognised as an important work that transcends the Western genre.  

ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French philosopher, writer and composer who influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe. A fine, rare Autograph Musical Manuscript Signed (with his initials, 'E.59 JJR. cop'), twenty pages (including title page), oblong folio, n.p., 1st June 1777. The musical manuscript is entitled 'Che faro Senza Euridice, Aria del Sigr. Ferdinando Bertoni', each page comprising ten staves traced by hand in a pale ink, the musical notes for the aria attractively penned in a darker ink for two parts violin ('Violini'), two parts oboe ('Oboe'), two parts horn ('Corni'), two parts viola ('Viole') and the voice part ('Orfeo') with lyrics penned in Rousseau's hand, the indications of movement ('Andantino', 'Presto', 'Andno' etc.), as well as the indications of intensity and nuance, all penned in red ink. Each measure is divided in the middle by a very light vertical pencil line. With four blank pages of staves at the conclusion, the whole tied with a small pale blue ribbon. An elegant manuscript which still retains Rousseau's light pencil annotation ('19p. a 8S - 7L12') at the head of the title page, indicating the price charged for this copy. Some very light, minor staining and foxing throughout, a few small pinholes to the title page, and one page with a small area of paper loss to the lower right corner, only very minimally affecting the manuscript. G Ferdinando Bertoni (1725-1813) Italian composer and organist who composed 70 operas, all of which fell into oblivion with the exception of Orfeo which was first performed in Venice in 1776. The work was based on the same libretto for the work of Christoph Willibald Gluck entitled Orfeo ed Euridice. The aria Rousseau copied is the most famous of the opera; in the third act, Orfeo mourns the loss of Euridice: 'Che faro senza Euridice'.  In his autobiographical work Confessions (Volume VIII) Rousseau recounted how, in 1751, he ceased working for Dupin de Francueil and started working as a professional music copyist in order to provide a consistent and reliable source of income. In September 1770 he resumed his work as a music copyist and practiced it until 1777, charging ten sols per page. Rousseau's work as a music copyist has been described as remarkable for its beauty and reliability and in his Dictionary of Music Rousseau argued in favour of the superiority of copied music over engraving, observing 'It is of great importance that music should be correctly and neatly copied….the understanding of a difficult piece of music depends greatly on the manner of its being copied…...the most ingenious copier is he whose music is executed with the most ease…..I must primarily suppose that the copier is possessed of all the knowledge necessary to his profession…..As written music, particularly in partition, is made to be read by concertants at a distance, the chief thing to be observed by the copier, is to make use of the convenient materials for rendering his notes most neat and legible. For this reason he should choose strong fair paper….the ink ought to be very black, without either gloss or gum; the ruling neat, equal, and well fixed, but not so black as the notes; on the contrary, the lines should be rather pale, so that the crotchets, double crotchets, pauses, and other smaller signs may not be confounded with them, and that the note may be expressed the fuller. The paleness of the lines, far from preventing the music to be read at a fixed distance, on the contrary, assists it by its neatness, and tho' the line should now and then escape the sight for a moment, the position of the notes very often of itself denotes it. The ruling of the paper is but an useless labour. If the copier would gain himself credit, let him rule his paper himself…..There are several intermediaries between what the composer plans, and what the audience hear. 'Tis the duty of the copier to connect these two terms as near as possible, to mark with precision every thing which should be done, that the music when executed may render to the composer's ear, exactly what was plann'd within his head at the time of the composition'.  

ROSSINI GIOACHINO: (1792-1868) Italian Composer. Rare A.M.Q.S., Gioachino Rossini, one page, oblong folio manuscript paper, Florence, 3rd June 1853. In bold dark fountain pen ink, Rossini has neatly penned a quotation for piano forte comprising ten bars of music across two staves, with small annotations, which he identifies as A[ndanti]no. Signed and dated by the composer immediately beneath the quotation. The document bears a watermark. Some light creasing and minor overall age wear, VG 

SCHUBERT FRANZ : (1797-1828) Austrian Composer, one of the greatest composers in the history of classical music. Despite his very early death at the age of thirty-one, Schubert left a large number of works from the late Classical to the early Romantic era. An exceptionally rare and very fine Manuscript Musical Score by Franz Schubert, four full pages and a half, 4to, score sheets, 9 x 11.5, (22.5 cm x 29 cm), n.p., n.d., entitled in his hand to the heading of the front page `Organo Magnificat´. Schubert has carefully and boldly penned over fifty bars and twelve stages per page, including multiple annotations and tempos, and one correction, stating to the heading of the front page `All[egr]o maestoso´, to the heading of the third `All[egr]o vivace´, and at the conclusion, in bold letters, `Fine´, in Italian. The score corresponds to the full organ part from his work `Magnificat in C Major, d-486´, a shortened version of his Hymn, which Schubert composed in 1816, a youthful but powerful and solemn work, and which his brother Ferdinand called `Great Magnificat´, although he would never compose any other. The structure and musical tone recalls the Te Deum (1800) by Joseph Haydn. A clean and exceptional manuscript musical score of great rarity. Very small overall age tone, otherwise VG  

ELGAR EDWARD: (1857-1934) English composer. A.L.S., Edward Elgar, two pages, 4to, Worcester, 23rd February 1932, to Miss. Chandler. Elgar thanks his correspondent for having sent the sheets of manuscript and remarks 'There is not much to alter, but you must remove the orch[estra]l acc[om]p[animen]t - this is never used for a first audition; the odd orchl. players may remain, as they very likely wd. do, to look on', further adding 'It is always difficult to avoid saying the 'score' - but that is the complete copy - the soloist plays from a “part”. The other odd things will explain themselves: you have not been far wrong which shews intuition' and concluding 'If my marks & remarks - which I have been delighted to make - are not clear to you, please send again - and again'. A letter of interesting content. Some very light, minor creasing to the edges, otherwise VG 

GREGORY XIV: (1535-1591) Pope of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States 1590-1591. During his brief pontificate which lasted only ten months, Gregory XIV excommunicated King Henry IV and levied an army for the invasion of France. Rare manuscript letter, with corrections and amendments in the Pope´s hand, one page, folio, n.p., 25th March January 1587, to Cardinal Monte-Alto, in Italian. Gregory XIV, in his capacity as Cardinal Nicolo Sfondrati, thanks his correspondent for reading his letter to his uncle Pope Sixtus V and states in part `Un Molto favore ben grande m´ha fatto V.[ostra] S.[signoria] Ill[ustrissi]ma, facendo leggere a N[ostro] S[igno]re quella lettera mia delli 8 di Gen[nai]o…et dando poi aviso a me di quanto S.[ua] B.[eatitudi] senti, et rispose in quell fatto…´ ("Y.[our] I.[llustrious] S.[signoria] did me a very big favour by making Our Eminence read that letter of mine dated on the 8th of January... and then giving me notice of what Y.[our] B.[eatitudi] feels, and replied to those facts...") Further again, and before concluding Gregory XIV states in part `..osservato poi il tempo, che il vic[ari]o mio stesse occupato in celebrar la messa, tornó con tutti I Sbirri a cercare con quell malmodo, che giá ho scritto..´ Accompanied by a full transcription of the letter. Small overall minor age wear, otherwise G   Alessandro Peretti di Montalto (1571-1623) Italian Catholic Cardinal Bishop.

INNOCENT IX: (1519-1591) Pope of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States fin 1591. His papacy lasted only two months, one of the shortest ever. Born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti. Extremely rare L.S., only three documents signed by him have ever been recorded in private hands, signed `G.A. Car.l S.ti-Quattro´, ("G.[iovanni] A.[ntonio] Car.[dina]l S.[an]ti-Quattro"), Cardinal of the Roman Basilica Santi-Quattre-Coronati,one page, folio, Rome, 24th September 1588, addressed to the Vice-Legate of Bolonia, in Italian. The future Pope Innocent IX tries to appoint the uncle of one of his subordinates, member of the powerful Inquisition, into the "Compagnia de Salaroli", stating in part `Intendo che alli mesi passati Messer Evangelista Salicini, zio di Mons.r Salicini che fatica (sic-lavora assidumente) nel S.t Officio, renuntiò il luogo del numero de gli honorevoli huomini della Compagnia de' Salaroli a Ms Hercole, suo figliolo, il quale hora è passato da questa vita  et desiderando esso Ms Evangelista rihaver in persona sua il detto luogo, che per cento et più anni è stato in diverse persone della sua Casa, ritrova in ciò difficoltà per molte prattiche fatte in servitio d'un fumante, ch'è - siccome mi vien detto - incapace del luogo per i Statuti della Compagnia..´ ("I mean that Messer Evangelista Salicini, uncle of Mons.r Salicini who works assiduously in the S.t Officio, takes the place and number of the honoured man of the Compagnia de 'Salaroli, Mr Hercole, his son, who has now passed away from this life and since he wishes Ms Evangelist to have in his own person the said place…") The letter bears to the verso a paper seal affixed, and alongside a draft manuscript in the hand of Anselmo Dandini which was going to be his response to Innocent IX. According to this draft letter, Dandini was pleasing Innocent IX request. Small overall age wear, otherwise G The present letter is addressed to the Vice-Legat of Bolonia, Anselmo Dandini (1546-1608) Jurist and former Apostolic Nuncio in France. Dandini was replacing Alessandro Damasceni Peretti (1571-1623) a nephew of Pope Sixtus V, and future Cardinal at the early age of 14. Well remembered for his impressive bust done by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Giulio Cesare Salicini (1541-1606) Jurist and member of the Inquisition. Bishop of Rimini from 1591. The Company Salaroli was founded in 1376 and was the original producer, and still is at today´s date, of the worldwide famous Mortadella of Bolonia.

[PAUL V]: (1550-1621) Pope of the Catholic Church 1605-21. Papal Bull issued in the name of Pope Paul V, one page (vellum), oblong 4to, Tusculum (Latium), October 1614, addressed to the prelates of Geneva, Grenoble and Tarentaise, in Latin. The manuscript document, with a typically elegantly penned opening line (the initial P adorned with floral motifs), relates to Pierre de Duin (or de Duyn), Viscount of Tarentaise, and his possessions. With four chancellery signatures beneath the fold, including those of 'B. Seva' and 'M de Rosis' (whose name also appears as a docket to the verso). With the original lead seal affixed with a hemp cord, the obverse depicting the heads of the Apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul somewhat worn and the reverse clearly showing the Pope's name. Some light staining and minor age wear, generally VG The Duin (or Duyn) family is an ancient noble family of chivalric extraction whose history dates back to the 12th century. Originating from Duingt, or Duin, in the county of Geneva, a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, the main branch of the family disappeared in the 15th century when Urbaine de Duin married Jean Mareschal, of the branch of Saint Michel de Maurienne, giving birth to the branch of Mareschal Duyn of Val d'Isere. His children thus inherited the title of Viscount of Tarentaise.

JOHN PAUL II: (1920-2005) Pope of the Catholic Church 1978-2005, later canonised as Pope Saint John Paul II in 2014. D.S., + Karol Card. Wojtyla, as Cardinal and Archbishop of Krakow, one page, folio, Lublin, 19th September 1976, in Polish. The attractive partially printed purple, blue and gold coloured document, completed in manuscript, is a diploma of participation awarded to Henryka Pajaka for their participation in the final of the Sacrosong music festival. Signed by the future Pope in his capacity as President and Chairman of the festival and also countersigned by three other members of the jury including Father Jan Palusinski (1934-2013) organiser of the inaugural festival in 1969. Some light age wear and with a horizontal fold to the centre, otherwise VG

LOYSON HYACINTHE: (1827-1912) also known as Père Hyacinthe. French renowned Preacher and Theologian, a brilliant orator best remembered for his eloquent sermons at Notre Dame de Paris. Father Hyacinthe was a Roman Catholic priest in favour of Church reform, reconciling Catholicism with other religions and with modern ideas. His manifesto against the alleged abuses in the Church created an internal revolt ending with his excommunication. He left Paris and went to America and later married in London. An extremely interesting manuscript in the hand of Loyson, signed `Hyacinthe Loyson´, four pages, 4to, Geneva, 1st of November 1902, in French. The manifesto is entitled `Rome and Sion´, and refers to different religions coming from a same source, and to the non-sense of the new trends of the Catholic Church. Loyson states in part `Je viens de lire dans les journaux le récit de deux cérémonies bien différentes, mais ayant trait l´une et l´autre au Judaisme et qui se sont accomplies le même jour dans la synagogue de la Victoire et dans l´église de Saint-Thomas d´Aquin. Dans la cérémonie catholique, qui rappelle à plus d´un titre le plus mauvais passé....´, ("I have just read in the newspapers the story of two very different ceremonies, but both relating to Judaism and which took place on the same day in the Victory Synagogue and in the Church of Saint Thomas of Aquinas. In the Catholic ceremony, which recalls in more ways than one the worst past....´, further saying `... pour recevoir le baptême, a renoncé solennellement à la perfidie judaïque et aux superstitions hébhraïques, c´est à dire à la religion la plus antique et, sous bien des rapports, la plus pure qui existe aujourd´hui en Europe, celle-là même dont, au dire de Saint Paul, la Chrétienté n´est qu´une branche misérable... En échange, le néophite a fait siennes toutes "les perfifidies" de la politique jésuitique et toutes "les superstitions" du semi-paganisme romain´ ("...to receive baptism, has solemnly renounced to Judaic perfidy and to Hebhraic superstitions, that is to say the most ancient and, in many respects, the purest religion that exists today in Europe, that of which, according to Saint Paul, Christianity is only a wretched branch... In exchange, the neophyte has made his own all the "treacheries" of Jesuit politics and all the "superstitions" of Roman semi-paganism") Further again Father Hyacinthe concludes making an eloquent defence of equality, peace, respect and purpose of the religion, accusing those who want to bring the Catholic Church to several centuries back, and stating in part `A quelque croyance qu´ils appartiennent, chrétiens, israélites ou simplement philosophes, ils ne se rangeront pas, s´ils sont vraiment religieux, du côté ce ceux qui ayant pour idéal les pires divisions et les pires haines, s´efforcent de nous ramener aux abjurations de l´Inquisition espagnole, dans l´impossibilité de nous ramener à ses bûchers. Les hommes de religion sincère et profonde seront avec ceux qui embrassent toutes les races et tous les cultes dans l´unité de la patrie française comme dans celle du genre humain pacifié. Tels sont, tels ont été de tous les temps, je peux le dire, les sentiments d´un prédicateur judéo.chrétien qui, dans la chaise de Notre-Dame de Paris et depuis, n´a point opposé le Nouveau Testament à l´Ancien, l´Eglise à la Synagogue, mais a toujours uni le culte de Jésus de Nazareth à l´amour du peuple de David et de la race d´Abraham...´ ("To whatever creed they belong, Christians, Jews or simply philosophers, they will not line up, if they are truly religious, on the side of those who, having as their ideal the worst divisions and the worst hatreds, strive to bring us back to the abjurations of the Spanish Inquisition, in the impossibility of bringing us back to its bonfire. Men of sincere and profound religion will be with those who embrace all races and all religions in the unity of the French fatherland as in that of the pacified human race. Such are, such have always been, I can say, the feelings of a Judeo-Christian preacher who, in the chair of Notre-Dame de Paris and since, has not opposed the New Testament to the Old, the Church to the Synagogue, but has always united the cult of Jesus of Nazareth to the love of the people of David and the race of Abraham...´ A manuscript of very interesting content. Small overall minor age wear with three pinholes. G to VG 

[SLAVERY]: A manuscript D.S. by James R. Fisher, Executor, one page, oblong 8vo, Alabama, 1st January 1849. The document confirms that Fisher, the executor of Thomas Coker, has appeared in open court to testify that ‘since he returned his inventory and appraisement into court a negro girl by the name of Livina belonging to the estate of Thos Coker has died, also one horse named Buster’. Signed by Fisher at the foot. Some light age wear, otherwise VG 

[GASTRONOMY]: [LOUIS XIV] (1638-1715) King of France 1643-1715. An extraordinarily remarkable and detailed manuscript notebook entitled Estat et menu g[e]n[er]al de la Depence ordinaire de la chambre aux deniers du Roy, annee 1694 (i.e. the status and general menu of the King’s private rooms for the year 1694) compiled by a member of the Royal household of King Louis XIV charged with the responsibility of keeping accounts and records for the menus and gastronomic expenses associated with Le Grand Couvert and other meals. Penned in a small, neat and attractive hand the manuscript runs to over 160 pages and commences with a list of the status of persons who must and have the right to eat at the King’s table, as well as other named tables, followed by different ‘menus’ (that of bread, and of wine) and then details of the meals provided for the different private tables, including that of the King (remembering that his menus were only ‘for one’), ‘Menu de la table du roi de deux plats, deux assiettes et cinq services et hors d'oeuvre. Bouillon du dejeuner: Un chapon vieilli, 4 livres de boeuf, 4 livres de veau, 4 livres de mouton....Diners, potages: 2 chapons vieillis pour potage de sante, 4 perdrix aux choux. Petits potages: 6 pigeonneaux.....4 petits potages hors d'oeuvre: un chapon hache, une perdrix aux morilles, 3 poulets....un chapon por potage au blanc. Entree: Un quartier de veau et une piece autour, le tout 20 livres, 12 pigeons pour tourtes. 2 petites entrees: 6 poulets fricasses, 2 perdrix en hachis. 6 petites entrees hors d'oeuvre: 3 perdrix au jus, 6 tourtes a la braise, 2 dindons grilles, 3 poulets aux truffes, 4 perdreaux, 2 poulardes depecees aux truffes’ (Translation: ‘Menu of the King’s table of two courses, two plates and five courses and appetizers. Breakfast broth: an aged capon, 4lbs of beef, 4lbs of veal, 4lbs of mutton…..Dinners, soups: 2 aged capons for healthy soup, 4 partridges with cabbage. Small soups: 6 young pigeons….4 small soup appetizers: a minced capon, a partridge with morels, 3 chickens….a capon for white soup. Appetizer: A quarter of veal and a piece around it, in all 20lbs, 12 pigeons for pies. 2 small appetizers: 6 chicken fricassee, 2 minced partridges. 6 small appetizers: 3 partridge au jus, 6 charcoal-grilled pies, 2 grilled turkeys, 3 chickens with truffles, 4 partridges, 2 skinned chickens with truffles’) as well as the Grand Maitre de France, Henri Jules, Prince of Conde (which are no less copious) the Chamberlain, the Chaplains, the Valets de chambre, and various other courtiers and special servants etc., ‘Aux deux tapissiers: 8 livres de mouton; au Bidau, horloger: un chapon, au boulanger: 8 livres de veau, 4 livres de boeuf’ (Translation: ‘To the two upholsterers: 8lbs of mutton; to Bidau, watchmaker: a capon; to the baker: 8lbs of veal, 4lbs of beef’), also detailing different menus for ‘fish days’, for the soups ‘Une carpe de pied, un cent d'ecrevisses......un cent d'huitres’ (Translation: ‘A foot carp, a hundred crayfish….a hundred oysters’) and for the fillets ‘demi grand saumon, 6 soles, un grand brochet’ (Translation: ‘half a large salmon, 6 soles, a large pike’) and further specifying the smallest details of the distribution of bread and wine, precisely quantified, ‘Aux trompettes de la chambre: dix pains, 2 quartiers  de vin de table, 4 gibiers, 16 livres de veau et de mouton, 2 livres de lard’ (Translation: ‘To the trumpeters of the chambre: ten loaves, 2 quarters of table wine, 4 game, 16lbs of veal and mutton, 2lbs of bacon’) although other musicians are not treated equally, the oboist receiving ‘une poule d’Inde, un lapin, un chapon’ (Translation: ‘a hen, a rabbit, a capon’) and the pipers are entitled to veal, mutton and bacon, whilst the jesters and actors seem to be the worst off, and are not entitled to meat. The manuscript also provides a record of the cakes and excellent wine which are distributed on certain commemorative days and at numerous festivals, as well as the expenses involved, and towards the conclusion there are also records of the special menus provided for the King’s confessor, or the preacher when he is in attendance to preach to the King, as well as that which is offered to the Brigade of Musketeers, the King’s bodyguard when he is on campaign, and even a note of ‘les biscuits qui se delivrent par jour a la Chambre pour les petits chiens du roi’ (Translation: ‘the biscuits which are delivered daily to the Chamber for the King’s little dogs’). The 12mo manuscript is contemporarily bound in brown calfskin leather with gilt borders and finial decorations to the corners, the spine with five raised bands, gilt title and decoration, and marbled endpapers. With the ownership signature of A. Simonetty (‘Ex libris A. Simonetty’) to the front free endpaper. A truly meticulous manuscript providing a wonderfully fascinating insight into the gastronomic activities of the Royal household of King Louis XIV. VG King Louis XIV was a gourmet who adhered to the convention and ceremony of Le Grand Couvert (‘The Great Serving’) on a daily basis. At 10pm the great public meal was served in the antechamber of the King at Versailles and was very much regarded as being symbolic of the power he held. Royal dinners meant that the King would sit and eat, and the members of the royal family and courtiers stood and watched the deed (although female members of the royal family were permitted to be seated, but little else). From time to time the Sun King would invite his family or a few guests and courtiers to join him at the meal, however all plates were cleared once the King indicated that he was done, regardless of whether the rest of the diners had finished their meals.

VAN GOGH VINCENT: (1853-1890) Dutch Post-Impressionist painter, one of the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. An extremely rare Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, 12mo (7 x 9.5 cm), n.p. (England), n.d. (c. October-December 1876). The manuscript, evidently closely clipped from a larger page of a notebook, comprises a complete transcript, in English, of American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's work Afternoon in February, written by Van Gogh is in his small, neat hand in six stanzas of four lines each, commencing 'The day is ending/ The night is descending/ The marsh is frozen/ The river dead' and concluding 'Shadows are trailing/ My heart is bewailing/ And tolling within/ Like a funeral bell'. To the verso appear 29 lines of text in the artist's hand, in Dutch, apparently a religious verse, in small part, 'As a shield and buckler Your truth is offered to me…..Because His soul loves me dearly, That is why God allowed Himself to come here'. Any autograph material by Van Gogh is of exceptional rarity and highly desirable and the present manuscript offers an interesting insight into two areas of particular significance to the artist - literature and religion. Very slightly irregularly trimmed edges, otherwise about EX Van Gogh's love of literature is well documented and, in a letter to his brother Theo dating from June 1880, the artist declared 'I have a more or less irresistible passion for books, and constantly need to instruct myself, to study, if you will, just as I need to eat my bread'.   Van Gogh was an insatiable reader, and greatly admired Shakespeare, Keats, Dickens, Charlotte Bronte, George Eliot and Victor Hugo amongst others, particularly liking authors who could 'paint with words'. Indeed, Van Gogh often made connections between paintings and literary passages, in one letter writing 'There is something of Rembrandt in Shakespeare, of Correggio in Michelet, and of Delacroix in Victor Hugo'.  In 1875 Van Gogh's love of literature clashed with his love of God and this heralded a bout of intense religiosity in which poems were replaced by hymns, and modern authors by the Bible. However, in the following year his letters again illustrate that his reading was not exclusively religious, and he wrote of a continuing interest in art books and poetry, specifically mentioning poems by Longfellow in one letter to Theo of 23rd March 1876.  Van Gogh's love of poetry and literature had a profound effect on him as he fused ideas from literature and painting, a link that was ever present. Whilst Van Gogh absorbed literature with a great passion, and however closely literature and art were entwined in his soul, he never confused the two - books with legible titles are included in portraits and still lifes, but there is not one self-portrait which features books.  In February 1875 Van Gogh wrote that he had filled a commonplace book for Theo with poems that he particularly liked, one of several such albums, some of which have survived today. The present manuscript, however, was pinpointed in April 2020 by the art journalist and Van Gogh specialist Martin Bailey as having originated from an album previously owned by Annie Slade-Jones, Van Gogh's landlady in Isleworth, Middlesex, where he lived while working as a teacher from October to December 1876. The complete volume was sold by Sotheby Parke-Bernet & Co., London, on 29th - 30th April 1980 (Lot 350, £550) when it was described as having approximately 60 entries of excerpts from 'the Bible, citations from romantic writers and transcripts of hymns'. Although Van Gogh's writings were evidently dissected from the album by the purchaser during the 1980s, such manuscript fragments remain extremely rare, and auction records show that only two other similar pieces have appeared at auction since 1980.

WAIN LOUIS: (1860-1939) English artist, remembered for his drawings featuring anthropomorphized large-eyed cats and kittens. A good pair of A.Ls.S., Louis Wain, four pages (total), 8vo, Bendigo, Westgate on Sea, 26th August and 1st September 1907, each to [Peter] Keary. In the first letter Wain asks his correspondent not to forget about an article for his annual and continues 'By the bye I am sending tonight to Mr. Everett an article on Canada which may interest you as you have I think been that way. The facts were given by a Canadian farmer whose an old friend of mine & worse than I have painted them. The official facts are very bad too'. With blank integral leaf. In the second letter Wain thanks his correspondent for their manuscript, remarking 'it is quite unconventional & out of the ruck if you don't mind me saying so, & just what I strive for for my annual', and further writing 'I am writing a bit of imaginative fancy myself for the annual & I hope to make the whole thing quite out of the way. I touch politics in a very satirical manner too in some drawings. But it is only the upper classes who are satirical in our days, the mass of the people take umbrage at anything which hits them'. Rare. VG, 2 Peter Keary (1865-1915) British editor of TitBits from 1884-90, when, in conjunction with C. Arthur Pearson, he started Pearson's Weekly. The Louis Wain Annual was published between 1901 and 1915. 

ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French Writer and Philosopher. An interesting autograph manuscript, one page, 4to, n.p., [Paris], n.d. (c.1745), in French. The page of manuscript, in Rousseau's hand, is from his unpublished work relating to the history of women and laws which he prepared between 1745-51 for his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin. Rousseau writes his text in the right column of the page, the left reserved for additional notes. Rousseau refers to the hatter´s job, and writes a text of ten lines, being one of the orders-decrees given by Kings of France which he resumed in his work Ordonnances des Rois de France, (“Ordinances of the Kings of France”), and identifies it as taken from `Ordon[nances] des R[ois] de Fr[ance], L[ivre] 4, p[age] 702´, stating `…par l´article 2 d´un réglement donné par le Roy Charles 5 pour le métier des chapeliers en 1366, que les ouvriers et compagnons ne pourront travailler que pour ceux qui sont Maitres, fils de Maitre, ou pour les f[emmes] qui ont aussi la maitrise´ (“…according to the article 2 of the regulation established by King Charles V related to the hatter´s job in 1366, the workers and companions will only be allowed to work for those who are masters, sons of masters or for the w[omen] who also have the mastery”) Overall very small age tone with right and bottom edges very slightly trimmed. G At the time Rousseau wrote these pages, between 1745 and 1751, he was working as secretary to his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin.Charles V “The Wise” (1338-1380) King of France. 

`…they will not be punished there for cases of simple fornication.´ ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French Writer and Philosopher. An interesting autograph manuscript, one page, 4to, n.p., [Paris], n.d. (c.1745), in French. The page of manuscript, in Rousseau's hand, is from his unpublished work relating to the history of women and laws which he prepared between 1745-51 for his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin. Rousseau writes his text in the right column of the page, the left reserved for additional notes. Rousseau refers to fornication and to the privileges granted to Italian merchants, and writes a text of twelve lines, being one of the orders-decrees given by Kings of France which he resumed in his work Ordonnances des Rois de France, (“Ordinances of the Kings of France”), and identifies it as taken from `Ordon[nances] des R[ois] de Fr[ance], L[ivre] 4, p[age] 671´, stating `Il parait par des privileges accordés par le Roy Charles 5 aux marchands Italiens que dans la ville de Nimes on punissait…la simple fornication, puisqu´il est porté par ces privileges qu´ils n´y seront point punis pour les cas de simple fornication s´ils ne sont convaincus de rapte ou d´adultère´ (“It is said that according to some privileges granted by King Charles 5 to Italian merchants that, in the city of Nimes they punished simple fornication, but since it is granted by these privileges they will not be punished there for cases of simple fornication if they are not convicted of kidnapping or adultery”) Overall very small age tone with right and bottom edges very slightly trimmed. G                                                                                                                                               At the time Rousseau wrote these pages, between 1745 and 1751, he was working as secretary to his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin.Charles V “The Wise” (1338-1380) King of France. 

ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French Writer and Philosopher. A curious and very interesting autograph manuscript, two pages, 4to, n.p., [Paris], n.d. (c.1745), in French. The two full pages manuscript, in Rousseau's hand, is from his unpublished work relating to the history of women and laws which he prepared between 1745 and 1751 for his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin. Rousseau writes his text in the right column of the page, the left reserved for additional notes. Rousseau refers to the causes of repudiation of women in history, and writes six causes of few lines each, being taken from what he identifies as `Novell. Constit. 108 art. 384´, stating in part `1º Si elle a su quelque conspiration contre l´Empereur et qu´elle n´en ait pas averti son mari - 2º Si la femme est trouvée coupable d´adultère; alors le mari s´approprie non seulement de la dot… 4º Si elle a demeuré hors de la maison, excepté chez son père et sa mère, contre la volonté du mari - 5º Si elle a été au Cirque ou autre spectacle contre la défense ou même sans la permission du mari - 6º Si contre la defensse de son mari elle a mangé avec des étrangers, ou qu´elle ait été au bain avec des hommes´ (“1º If she knew of any conspiracy against the Emperor and did not inform her husband of it - 2º If the wife is found guilty of adultery; then the husband keeps not only the dowry… 4º If she has stayed out of the house, except with her father and mother, against the will of the husband - 5º If she has been to the Circus or another show against the refusal or even without the permission of the husband - 6º If against the refusal of her husband she ate with strangers, or bathed with men”) To the last paragraph Rousseau adds a reason according to which the husband will not be able to repudiate his wife, saying `Que si le mari la chasse de sa maison sans aucune des causes ci-dessus spécifiées, de sorte que n´ayant ni Père ni Mère elle ait été contrainte de passer la nuit dehors. Il est ordonné que le mari n´aura point pour cela droit de la répudier´ (“That if the husband drives her out of his house without any of the causes specified above, so that having neither Father nor Mother she was forced to spend the night outside. It is ordained that the husband shall not therefore have the right to repudiate her”) Small overall minor age tone, mostly to edges, with right and bottom edges slightly trimmed. G At the time Rousseau wrote these pages, between 1745 and 1751, he was working as secretary to his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin. 

SCOTT WALTER: (1771-1832) Scottish historical novelist, poet, playwright and historian. Manuscript docket signed, Walter Scott, to the final page of a manuscript document, Selkirk, 31st July 1805. The manuscript document is a Summons between Christian Pasley and William Tait, four pages, folio, Selkirk, 29th May 1805, and states, in part, 'Whereas it is humbly meant and shown to us by Christian Pasley….that where the Complainer about Martinmas last brought forth a female natural child to William Tait…..presently working at a road which is making over the hills……and although the said William Tait is the father of her child, yet he refuses to acknowledge himself as such and to pay her a suitable maintenance for its support although frequently desired unless compelled. Therefore the said William Tait….ought & should….make payment to the said Pursuer of the sum of one pound Sterling…..per Quarter for the first three Quarters for nursing said child during that period, and the sum of three pounds Sterling per annum thereafter untill the said child shall attain the age of twelve years complete for cloathing & maintaining it during that period', followed by a statement signed by William Tait denying being the father, in part, 'the Defender who denies being the Father of the pursuers child, he admits being acquainted with her and that he was her fellow servant at Mrs. Horsburgh's…..' Scott's docket, signed in his capacity as Advocate Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire states, in part, '….the Sheriff allows the pursuer a proof of the circumstances condescended on with certification that if they be proved he will allow the Pursuers oath in supplement & that the Defendr. will be found liable in all the expense….' Some age wear and light dust staining and a few small holes to some of the folds, G  

DICKENS CHARLES: (1812-1870) English novelist. A very fine, extensive A.Q.S., Charles Dickens (an excellent example, with paraph), one page, 4to, n.p., 28th April 1858. Writing in his characteristic blue ink Dickens has neatly penned a twenty-three-line quotation from David Copperfield, in full – -“We had only one check to our pleasure, and that happened a little while before I took my leave, when Miss Mills chancing to makesome allusion to tomorrow morning, I unluckily let out that, beingobliged to exert myself now, I got up at five o’clock. WhetherDora had any idea that I was a Private Watchman, I am unableto say; but it made a great impression on her, and she neitherplayed nor sang any more.“It was still on her mind when I bade her adieu; and shesaid to me in her pretty coaxing way – as if I were a doll, I usedto think:“Now don’t get up at five o’clock, you naughty boy. It’s sononsensical!”“My love”, said I, “I have work to do”“But don’t do it!” returned Dora, “Why should you?”It was impossible to say to that sweet little surprised faceotherwise than lightly and playfully, that we must work to live.“Oh! How ridiculous!” cried Dora“How shall we live without Dora?” said I“How? Anyhow!” said Dora.She seemed to think she had quite settled the question,and gave me such a triumphant little kiss, direct from herinnocent heart, that I would hardly have put her out ofconceit with her answer, for a fortune” –  David Copperfield, by……’  Signed and dated by Dickens at the foot of the quotation. Autograph Quotations Signed by Dickens are extremely rare, and this is a particularly handsome and desirable example, both for the physical size of the paper and length of the quotation. A few light stains to the right edge, only very slightly touching the concluding letters of three words, all of which remain perfectly legible. About VG The present quotation is taken from towards the end of A Little Cold Water, the title of chapter 37 of David Copperfield, published in 1850. The passage illustrates, for the first time, how a shadow is temporarily cast over David’s love for Dora Spenlow, his future wife. Copperfield is deeply in love and does not quite comprehend what the reader sees: Dora, in her present childlike state, unable to cope with the responsibilities of a household, will prove little more than a hindrance to him. Maria Beadnell, Dickens’s first love whom he met in 1830 is thought to have been the model for the character Dora in David Copperfield. Dickens regarded David Copperfield, a largely autobiographical work, as his favourite amongst all the novels he wrote. The quotation was written and signed by Dickens at a significant time in his life, making his choice of passage an interesting one. A year earlier, in 1857, Dickens had fallen in love with the actress Ellen Ternan, and his passion for her was to last the rest of his life. Dickens was increasingly finding his wife, Catherine, to be an incompetent mother and housekeeper, causing him financial worries. In May 1858, after Catherine accidentally received a bracelet meant for Ellen Ternan, Dickens and his wife separated, and Catherine would never see her husband again.  After separating from his wife Dickens undertook a series of hugely popular and remunerative reading tours, and the present quotation was signed during the first such tour, which lasted from April 1858 to February 1859 and consisted of 129 appearances in 49 towns throughout England, Scotland and Ireland. The original manuscript of David Copperfield was bequeathed by Dickens to his friend the biographer and literary critic John Forster (1812-1876), who in turn bequeathed the manuscript (together with other books, pictures and important manuscripts) to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. American Book Prices Current record only three other examples of quotations from David Copperfield signed by Dickens as having appeared at auction in the last 25 years. 

DUMAS ALEXANDRE: Fils (1824-1895) French author and playwright. The complete bound manuscript of Lettre a Paul Alexis, sixty-eight pages (written to the rectos only), folio, n.p., n.d. (c.1883), in French. The manuscript is written in an unidentified hand and was presumably dictated by Dumas fils, although has numerous corrections and deletions in his hand across many of the pages, and represents the author's response to an article that Paul Alexis, a member of the Groupe des Medan (along with Zola, Huysmans, Maupassant, Cerard and Hennique), had published in Reveil, defending himself from the attacks of the Ecole Naturaliste. Dumas fils states, in part, 'My dear child (I continue to call you my child, because the article that you devote to me proves to me that you are still young at the same time as it announces to me that I am already old, which I was beginning to suspect…..The newspaper, of which you are one of the editors, is willing to reprint my novel La Dame aux Camelias in serials, and you have devoted an article to me on this subject. It seems that my novel is decidedly not worth much; that's where you start, and it's far inferior to the masterpieces of Balzac, Stendhal, Flaubert, the Goncourts, Zola, and Daudet. Don't count on me to contradict you……Have we compared Corneille and Racine enough! Rossini and Meyerbeer! For Gluck and Puccini we went further, we fought. What remains of all these comparisons? Nothing. Corneille and Racine, Rossini and Meyerbeer are great minds in different guises. Gluck remained and Puccini disappeared. I am one of the Puccinis of the future…..' Bound in half Morocco midnight blue calfskin over marbled boards and with gilt title and decoration to the spine (some age wear and minor areas of loss, and the front board slightly detached from the spine) and with marbled endpapers. With the small circular stamp of the Victor Sanson collection to the front free endpaper, alongside several annotations, and formerly in the collection of Jules Claretie. Some light overall age wear, about VG Paul Alexis (1847-1901) French novelist, dramatist and journalist, best remembered today as the friend and biographer of Emile Zola. 

TURGENEV IVAN: (1818-1883) Russian novelist. Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d., in Cyrillic. The manuscript, penned in a bold hand, is entitled Names of the characters of The Island, beneath which Turgenev has listed seven names, each with a brief description alongside, comprising Geleziy ('old philosopher'), Varnak ('protagonist'), Maeli ('young girl'), Irna ('her friend'), Arkas ('exiled old man'), Simar ('chief') and Angami ('the rich chief's daughter'). A further five names have been crossed through by Turgenev. The characters listed by Turgenev do not appear to have featured in any of his works. Some light staining and minor age wear and two small areas to the upper left corner and lower right corners professionally restored to a high standard. About VG

RICHEPIN JEAN: (1849-1926) French Poet and Novelist. Two excellent and lengthy documents, the first being the original manuscript in the hand of Richepin, of his speech given on the occasion of his reception at the French Academy, fourty-one pages, oblong 4to, n.p., [Paris], February 1909, in French. The lengthy speech includes all sorts of corrections, amendments and additions in his hand. Together with a printed copy of his speech, signed and inscribed to the heading of the front page by Richepin, `à mon parrain, au bon cosaque, au bien cher ami, avec toute ma tendre gratitude, ce souvenir du jeudi 18 février, Jean Richepin´ (Translation: “…to the good Cossack, to the very dear friend, with all my tender gratitude, this souvenir of Thursday, February 18th…”), thirty-one pages, 4to, in French. Small overall age wear, with edges slightly trimmed, otherwise G, 2 

ARAGON LOUIS: (1897-1982) French poet, one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France. An excellent manuscript poem signed, Aragon, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d., in French. The poem is entitled Art Poétique, and is considered a committed poetry work, being a tribute to his fallen comrades in World War II. The poem states in part `Pour mes amis morts en Mai - Et pour eux seuls désormais - Que mes rimes aient le charme - Qu´ont les larmes sur les armes - Et que pour tous les vivants - Qui changent avec le vent - S´y aiguise au nom des morts - L´arme blanche du remords - Mots mariés mots meurtris - Rimes où le crime crie…… Et quand notre cœur faiblit - Réveillez-nous de l´oubli - Rallumez la lampe éteinte - Que les verres vides tintent - Je chante toujours parmi - Les morts en Mai mes amis´ An important manuscript poem by Aragon. Last few paragraphs showing a slightly lighter ink, although remaining perfectly legible. G   Art Poétique is a poem included in Aragon´s collection En français dans le texte, published in 1943 by Ides & Calendes at Neuchatel.Aragon had been sent to the Belgian front. In May 1940, and following the attack of the German troops, he will be one of the soldiers besieged in Dunkirk.

SAINT-EXUPERY ANTOINE DE: (1900-1944) French Writer, Poet and pioneering Aviator. Saint-Exupery was a French aristocrat who became a laureate of several France's highest literary awards and is best remembered for his novella The Little Prince (“Le Petit Prince”) (1943), and for his lyrical aviation writings, including Night Flight (1931) and Wind, Sand and Stars (1939). Rare and excellent Autograph Manuscript, two full lengthy pages with small writing, 4to, yellow paper, n.p., n.d. [1938], in French. The seventy-five lines manuscript being his annotations and draft for his novel Wind, Sand and Stars (“Terre des Hommes”). Saint-Exupery, in his usual very difficult and small writing, annotates these first thoughts draft which will be used in the seventh chapter of his famous collection of autobiographical essays which is Wind, Sand and Stars, evoking a series of events in his life, mainly from the time when he worked for the airmail service. The central element of this story being his accident with his navigator André Prévot in the Libyan Sahara in 1935, where the two aviators nearly died of thirst.The manuscript contains several corrections and its final publication will include some changes to the present unpublished text. Saint-Exupery numbers each page to the upper left corner as `I´ and `II´, stating in part `Tel est le desert. Un Coran, qui n´est qu´une règle de jeu, en change de sable en Empire. Au fond d´un Sahara qui serait vide, se joue une pièce secrète, qui remue les passions des hommes. La vraie vie du désert n´est pas faite d´exodes de tribus à la recherche d´une herbe à paître, mais du jeu qui s´y joue encore. Quelle différence de matière entre le sable soumis et l´autre! Et n´en est-il pas ainsi pour tous les hommes? En face de ce désert transfiguré qui me souviens des jeux de mon enfance…´ (“Such is the desert. A Koran, which is only a rule of the game, changes sand into an Empire. At the bottom of a Sahara that would be empty, a secret play is being played out, which stirs the passions of men. The real life of the desert is not made of exodus of tribes in search of grass to graze, but of the game that is still played there. What a difference in matter between the submitted sand and the other one! And is it not so for all men? In front of this transfigured desert which reminds me the games of my childhood…”) A manuscript of very interesting content. Creasing to the bottom right corner of the first page, with a small stain to the bottom edge of same page, otherwise G Terre des Hommes (“Wind, Sand and Stars”) was finally published in France in February 1939, and was awarded with the Grand Prix of the French Academy. The novel would be published in US few months later, in June 1939.

[NOEL-BAKER PHILIP]: (1889-1982) British politician and diplomat, Nobel Peace Prize winner, 1959. Noel-Baker also won a silver medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp and is the only person to have won an Olympic medal and received a Nobel Prize. STRONG KENNETH (1900-1982) British Major General of World War II who played a leading role in the negotiations for the unconditional surrender of Germany in 1945. An interesting typed manuscript signed, Kenneth Strong, Major General, eleven pages, 8vo, n.p., n.d. (January 1946), in German. The manuscript is of a speech made by Strong to introduce Philip Noel-Baker to German prisoners-of-war at Wilton Park and states, in part, 'I have the pleasant task of introducing you, the third course students at Wilton Park, to this evening's speaker, Minister of State Philip Noel-Baker. It is a particular pleasure for me because it gives me a good opportunity to attend the third course myself, as I did at the opening of Wilton Park and at the beginning of the second course…..When, on January 17 of this year, I opened the first course, and with it the Training Centre, on behalf of the Department of Foreign Affairs, which I head, we were optimistic…..But no one could know how it would develop. Of course, it is still too early to say that the Wilton Park experiment was a success, because it will not be possible to decide whether it was successful or not until years after you return to Germany. But I would like to say that the development of these six months has proved right for those of us who thought that the attempt should be made…..and that it also makes it clear to the German prisoners of war here and in all camps, what importance His Majesty's Government attaches to the construction work that is being done here…..Even if Mr. Noel-Baker were not a senior officer at the State Department, he would be one of the most suitable personalities to address you in Wilton Park. I know that part of your curriculum is the Projection of Britain, and Mr. Noel-Baker embodies much of the British political tradition and development that you have heard about this semester. First of all, his political stance: I was told that last semester, nothing impressed the students more than the fact that six Labour MPs gave a brain trust, who agreed that your socialism is not based on Karl Marx, but built on Jesus Christ. And you have….[been]……shown how alive the social conscience is in the English religious communities. Mr. Noel-Baker is in the same tradition. His domestic and foreign political views are based on his religious convictions…….This combination of religion and socialism, which is not so widespread in Germany….is not the only combination of qualities that are found in England and rarely found in Germany. Mr. Noel-Baker was a university professor before politics demanded all his time, but not an unworldly, so called apolitical lecturer, but a professor who was aware of the social obligations of universities……I am sure you will appreciate it if I tell you that while a student Mr. Noel-Baker was also president of the Cambridge Debating Society…..and president of the Cambridge Athletics Club and represented England at an Olympiad……But it's not just in sports that Mr. Noel-Baker has devoted himself to cultivating international relations. He has been his party's leading expert on foreign policy issues for years, and has deepened and expanded his knowledge and experience through his work with the League of Nations and the Disarmament Conference.' Signed by Strong to the verso of the final page, and signed a second time beneath an explanatory statement, 'Speech made in German by General Strong to German prisoners of war in the U.K. at the Wilton Park Training Centre in January 1946'. Some light overall age toning, a few stains, tears and areas of paper loss to the first page only, and with small staple holes to the upper left corner of each page, GWilton Park began on 12th January 1946 as part of an initiative inspired by Winston Churchill who, two years earlier, had called for Britain to help establish a democracy in Germany after World War II. Between January 1946 and June 1948 approximately 4,500 Germans were made to attend re-education classes there. Today Wilton Park exists as an executive agency of the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office providing a global forum for strategic discussion.  

ERLANGER JOSEPH: (1874-1965) American physiologist, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1944. Autograph statement signed, Joseph Erlanger, one page, 4to, n.p., 29th July 1952. Erlanger's statement is made in response to a researcher's question, entitled World Scientific Inquiry - The future of Science, their manuscript question at the head of the page stating, in part, 'In a brilliant article entitled “An Epoch in Science”, which appeared in the magazine “Science et Vie”, Jules Romains writes: The exploration of the physical universe has no assignable limits; but it seems likely, however, that discoveries of the first order of magnitude will be limited in number. The future will rather have to content itself with prodigious achievements of secondary importance…..Pure science has already unlocked the most important secrets of the universe…..Is Jules Romains right? What is your opinion, from a physiological point of view?'. Erlanger's statement appears beneath and states, in full, 'There is scarcely a physiological process that is fully understood. It is impossible to predict what will be accomplished in the future'. VG 

MULLER HERMANN J.: (1890-1967) American geneticist, known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation, frequently warning of the long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear war and nuclear testing. Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1946. Manuscript D.S., Hermann J. Muller, one page, 4to, Bloomington, Indiana, 23rd February 1963. Muller responds to a researcher's questionnaire entitled Homage to Alfred Nobel by the Laureates of the Prize, with their manuscript questions at the head of the page, '1. After to have received the Nobel Prize, what idea of thankfulness have you had for the illustrious founder of this Prize? 2. With a great pecuniary satisfaction, what moral satisfaction have you had?' Muller provides his answers beneath, in part, '1. I believe that I expressed my reasons for thankfulness in the speech of acceptance of the Nobel Prize which I gave at the Nobel banquet in Stockholm on Dec. 10, 1946……..2. I have had the moral satisfaction of finding out that the anticipations expressed in my speech at the Nobel banquet have actually come true, to this extent: that the fact of being a Nobel Prize winner has enabled me to exert more influence in bringing to people the realization of the critical need for (1) increasing freedom of thought and expression on the part of all the peoples of the world, and (2) increasing their standard of living. These are fundamental to all other progress and to the avoidance of world disaster. The Nobel Prize strengthens the hand, and increases the moral satisfaction, of those who would help in these ways', adding his signature, place and date below. About EX

HOUSSAY BERNARDO: (1887-1971) Argentine physiologist, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1947. Typed D.S., B A Houssay, one page, 4to, Buenos Aires, 17th October 1962. Houssay responds to a researcher's questionnaire entitled Homage to Alfred Nobel, with their manuscript questions, in French, at the head of the page, , asking, having received a Nobel Prize, what they think of the illustrious founder of the award, and, aside from the material satisfaction, what moral satisfaction they gained from receiving the Nobel Prize? Houssay provides his answers beneath, in French, in full, '1 - I thought that Nobel was inspired by a deep faith in the capacity of man to progress and become better and that the work of leaders should be recognised. He was guided by noble and generous motives. 2 - The material importance of the Prize did not concern me, but I thought that it could stimulate aid for science and research in my country and make their role and importance understood'. One small, light stain, only very slightly affecting one word of the researcher's questions, otherwise VG 

HENCH PHILIP S.: (1896-1965) American physician, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1950. Typed Manuscript, unsigned, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (1950s?), in French. The manuscript, with a few ink corrections in Hench's hand, appears to be the first page of an article or speech given by Hench and states, in part, 'The discovery and clinical applications of cortisone have earned myself, Dr. Edward C. Kendall, and Professor Tadeus Reichstein, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950. This work had a very slow accomplishment. The isolation and the chemical identification of this substance and of the hormones which are derived from the adrenaline nucleus have required long years of research…..The partial synthesis and then the commercial manufacture of cortisone in adequate quantities represents what is considered by chemists to be the most difficult performance ever achieved in history……My own research, clinical and physiological, concerning the clinical use of cortisone (and ACTH) in cases of rheumatism and other diseases, was extremely difficult, and took me 19 years…..'  Annotated in ink in the hand of a collector at the head of the page. Three small tears to the right edge and one minor paperclip rust stain to the upper left corner, otherwise VG 

HERSHEY ALFRED: (1908-1997) American bacteriologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1969. Typed Manuscript, unsigned, one page, 4to, n.p., 14th May 1970. Hershey responds to a researcher's questionnaire entitled World Inquiry, to be used for their book Panorama of the Human Mind, with their manuscript questions at the head of the page, '1. Were your scientific “debut” easy or difficult? 2. Did means of living enable you to make yourself known in science? 3. What work (or what discovery) made yourself more famous? Which do you consider as the best? 4. What is your “maxim of life” (or motto)?' Hershey's typed answers appear beneath and state, in full, '1. In my day and for a person of my economic status a college education was seldom possible, to say nothing of graduate school. Nevertheless, I have the impression that I always followed the path of least resistance. 2. I have always been dependent on my earnings as a scientist. As far as I know, my work reached the scientific public only through the means of communication available to all scientists. 3. My principal work had to do with mechanisms of inheritance as seen in bacterial viruses. 4. The greatest happiness, and the rarest privilege, available to humans is the opportunity to think about one thing day and night'. Together with a printed 8vo pamphlet entitled The Bacteriophage Lambda, being a paper authored by Alfred Hershey and William Dove and originally published in 1971, signed ('Alfred Hershey') by Hershey in blue ink with his name alone to the cover. VG to EX, 2