We found 33304 price guide item(s) matching your search

Fruiting.- Gottsche (Carl Moritz, German physician and bryologist, 1808-92) Über die Fructification Jungermanniae Geocalyceae, signed presentation copy from the author, extracted part only, 3 hand-coloured lithographed plates, title and some ff. loose, contemporary wrappers, upper cover torn off, soiled, folio, manuscript date on title 1844.

Elizabethan nobleman & courtier.- Hastings (Henry, third Earl of Huntingdon, nobleman and courtier, one time gaoler of Mary Queen of Scots, 1536?-95) Indenture bargain and sale by Henry Earl of Huntingdon to Richard Pooley and Richard Dyer of "all that Messuage and tenement... lying and being in..." Kyllaton [Killerton, Devon], D.s. "H. Huntingdon" and "Richard Poley", manuscript on vellum, 2 wax seals with fine impressions, folds, a few small holes, slightly yellowed, 600 x 705mm., 20th November 1585.

World.- Apianus (Petrus) La Cosmographia, corregida y añadida por Gemma Frisio, Spanish edition, collation: A-Y⁴, title with large woodcut of globe, numerous woodcut illustrations and initials including 4 volvelles (C2 ͮ, D1 ͮ, I1 ͬ misbound & P3 ͬ), I1 taken from a different edition and misbound as I4, lacking world map and sheet 31, ink manuscript notes to title, occasional scattered spotting, bookplate of Fuerstlich Auerspergsche Fideicommisbibliothek zu Laybach, near contemporary limp vellum, a little browned, title in manuscript to spine, [Sabin 1756], 4to, Antwerp, Juan Bellero, 1575.

Egyptology.- The Pyramids, manuscript, 50pp., a few wormholes, browned, unbound, sm. 4to, dated in text 25th September 1906.⁂ Written for a lecture with slides reminiscent of Wallis Budge.

Harvey (William, physician and discoverer of the circulation of the blood, 1578-1657).- A Schedule or Inventory of Deeds Leases &c belonging to Wm. Harvey Esqr in the P[ari]sh of St Peter le Poor Broadstreet Late in the Occupation of the South Sea Company & Called the Old South House... in the hand of Sr Wr Wm. Fitzwilliam, manuscript, 1p., 2 small holes along folds, slightly browned, 1738; and another, Eliab Harvey manuscript, "A noate of wrytings made for Mr Eliab Harvey in the purchase of the houses in Broadstreet", folds, browned, folio (2).⁂ First mentioned a schedule of the financial transactions of Dr William Harvey, discovered and sold at auction in 2001.

Hatton (Sir Christopher, courtier and politician, c. 1540-91) & Cecil (Thomas, first Earl of Exeter, courtier and soldier, eldest son of William Cecil, first Baron Burghley, 1542-1623) Release by Sir Thomas Cecil & Christopher Hatton Privy Councillor and Vice Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth for the rectory, lands and living of Campsall, Yorkshire to Robert Freke, D.s. "Thomas Cecil", manuscript in Latin, on vellum, wax seal with fine impression, a few small holes along folds, 205 x 460mm., 30th April 1579.⁂ Thomas Cecil held certain lands in Yorkshire from 1577 through his marriage with Dorothy, co-heir of John Nevill, fourth Lord Latimer.

Victorian Historian.- Merivale (Charles, historian and dean of Ely, rowed for Cambridge University in the first boat race with Oxford at Henley in 1829, 1808-93) [Volume of classical poetry written as an undergraduate at Cambridge University], autograph manuscript signed, 86pp., original wrappers, tears to edges, marked, 1826-28; and 10 others by Merivale including 2 other vol. of classical poetry etc., v.s., v.d. (11 pieces).

Fortifications.- Steele (Julian McCarty, Maj-Gen., army officer, of Pont Street, London, 1870-1926) Fortification Fair Notes, 2 vol., autograph manuscript, c. 130pp. excluding blanks, numerous pen and ink and watercolour sketches of fortifications, vol. II small tear repaired, original roan-backed boards, manuscript paper labels on upper covers, some staining, spines rubbed, sm. 4to, n.d. [c. 1890].⁂ Note in vol. I: "The note books of Gen Steele (as a cadet at the military college) with many finely executed and hand-coloured diagrams of fortifications."

London, Newington Green.- Wright (Samuel, Presbyterian minister, 1683-1746).- List of legacies of Samuel Wright of Newington Green sent as a letter to the Rev. Yardley at Highgate, manuscript, 1p., tear along fold and tears in right margin, browned, folio, 1736.⁂ In his will Wright left almost £21,000 for philanthropic causes including 40 decayed families, "to cloath & apprentice 20 poor boys" and "40 widows upwards of 50 years old". Also included bequests to various prisons including the Fleet, Ludgate, Whitechapel and Marshalsea as well as sizeable bequests to various hospitals including Bedlam and the London Workhouse.

East Indies.- Huddart (Joseph) Sketch of The Straits of Gaspar, showing part of the Island of Banca on the east coast of Sumatra just to the south of Singapore, from Laurie and Whittle's 'East India Pilot', engraving on cream laid paper with large watermark of a Strasbourg lily, platemark 665 x 490 mm. (26 1/4 x 19 1/4 in), sheet 780 x 565 mm. (30 3/4 x 22 1/4 in), central horizontal fold as issued, minor offsetting and surface dirt, possibly erroneous manuscript ink annotation to lower edge that reads 'Printed for Robert Sayer [...] 17th Dec. 1788', unframed, [1788]

Music.- Britten (Benjamin), Bertolt Brecht and Sidney Nolan. The Children's Crusade, one of 300 copies signed by the composer and artist, from an edition limited to 1007, facsimile of manuscript music score, colour illustrations after Nolan, original morocco-backed boards, gilt, slip-case, 1973; and a facsimile edition of Mahler's score of the Resurrection symphony, folio (2)

India.- Sleeman (Lieutenant-Colonel W. H.) Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official, 2 vol., first edition, chromolithographed frontispieces and 30 plates, tissue-guards, spotting, corrections inserted by hand, manuscript bookplates, near contemporary half-morocco, a little rubbed, slight bumping to corners and extremities, 8vo, 1844.

MILITARIA - A SECOND WORLD WAR PAIR OF MEDALS ATTRIBUTED TO AIRCREWMAN T.W. EDWARDS, R.A.F.V.R. comprising the Defence Medal and War Medal 1939-1945, both unnamed as issued, in original postal despatch box with entitlement slip; together with the recipent's Enlistment Notice; R.A.F. Permanent Pass for 1943; Identity Pass for Air Forces in India, dated 1943; Air Force (India) Provisional M.T. Driving Permit; R.A.F. Airman's Record Sheet (Active Service); R.A.F. Service and Release Book; National Registration Identity Card; and other ephemera; together with a manuscript letter from Ernest Atkinson, a schoolfriend and convicted conscientious objector, on Wormwood Scrubs prison letter paper, dated 25th July 1942 ('...I have actually done so far 120 days in here... We are opened up before 7.0am & closed now @ 4.30... I spend my days making mailbags which you can guess is monotinous [sic]. Have a shave twice a week in cold water & ordinary soap... There are @ moment about 150 COs in here...').

A TENOR DRUM OF THE EAST LANCASHIRE REGIMENT A pre-1952 rope-tensioned example for the 4th/5th Battalion. Plain body, the pale frontal section inscribed with regimental title, KC Royal Arms, Sphinx and 30 battle honours inscribed in manuscript in black paint on gilded background. Red and white hoops, vellum skins and plaited white drag-ropes. In a fibre carrying case inscribed LOYAL REGIMENT

CORNFORTH JOHN: (1917-2013) Australian-British Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1975. Autograph Manuscript Signed, John Warcup Cornforth, two pages, 4to, n.p., June 1981 (although signed later). The manuscript, with various corrections, is a retained draft of a letter by Cornforth to Hermann, evidently a colleague, and states, in part, 'I am feeling at the moment like a boy on holiday, having at last finished the Woodward manuscript. The last part (drawing 184 structures by hand, nearly all of them complex molecules…..) took much time and effort from a bad draughtsman (me). I am at the stage where the manuscript, instead of being God-awful nonsense as it seemed while writing it, begins to make sense and quite possibly to have some merit. Todd did a very good personal biography to precede my part and we may perhaps publish this memoir and our memoir of Robert Robinson as a single volume later on', further discussing travel and accommodation arrangements for a trip to Munich in October for a Workshop and also remarking 'I am shocked that EJB rejected your paper - the standard of refereeing must have fallen since I left them! Certainly you could have expressed the material more briefly - one always can, with enough effort - but what about the kinetics? I am no expert on these and the impression I got from the paper was that you were constructing a consistent explanation for all the data, without this necessarily being the only possible explanation. Kinetics, after all, seldom prove anything. Could you have done more?'. Marked by Cornforth to the upper right corner of the first page as having been sent on 18th June 1981 and signed, in a different ink, at the conclusion and dated 6th June 1986 in his hand. Together with an A.L.S., J W Cornforth, one page, 4to, Brighton, 25th May 1978, to Helga Schumacher, on Cornforth's personal printed stationery from the University of Sussex. The letter, which ordinarily would seem to have accompanied the manuscript draft were it not for the significant differences in dates, states, in part, 'As you may imagine, I receive many requests for autographs and manuscripts. It has always been my view that if collectors of these things wish to take up the time of busy people, they should at least enclose return postage. Consequently I ignore requests that are unaccompanied by this symbol of politeness. You are the first person who has, eventually, taken this point; and I congratulate you. You now possess a manuscript of mine'. VG, 2

WILHELM I: (1797-1888) King of Prussia 1861-88 and the first German Emperor 1871-88. D.S., Wilhelm, one page, large 4to, Berlin, 22nd March 1880, in German. The brief manuscript document is addressed to Corvette Captain von Werner in Kiel and confirms his appointment to Captain. With blank integral leaf. VG

NAPOLEON I: (1769-1821) Emperor of France 1804-14, 1815. An extremely rare D.S., Nap, one page, neatly inlaid to a page removed from an album, oblong 4to, Longwood, Saint Helena, 25th November 1817, to the Grand Marechal [Henri Gatien, Comte Bertrand], in French. The manuscript document, the text of which is in the hand of his valet Louis Marchand, is a short list of three expenses which Napoleon gives his approval to pay, stating, in full, `Instruction to pay - 1. November´s Clothes & Dressing 1000 Fr - 2. Wages for the months of October and November 3.450 Fr - 3. November´s House needs 4500 Fr - 8950 Fr´. Letters signed by Napoleon during his exile years at Saint Helena are of extremely rarity. Two very small pinholes to the upper and lower left corners, not affecting the text or signature, VG The present document was signed at Longwood House, Napoleon's residence on the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic. Following his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, the British exiled Napoleon to the island where he was to spend the last years of his life, dying there in 1821. Napoleon refused to send and sign letters from Saint Helena because he considered that, as an Emperor, he should not be subject to censure by the King of Great Britain and although Napoleon dictated his memoirs whilst at Saint Helena, and various other manuscripts were written, documents signed by the fallen Emperor originating from Longwood very rarely appear for sale at auction. Henri Gatien (1773-1844) Comte Bertrand. French General. Gatien had accompanied Napoleon to Elba in 1814, and returned with him in 1815, holding a command in the Waterloo campaign. Following the French defeat, Gatien accompanied Napoleon to Saint Helena and did not return to France until after Napoleon's death. In 1840 he was chosen to accompany the Prince of Joinville to Saint Helena to retrieve and bring Napoleon's remains to France, in what became known as the retour des cendres. Louis-Joseph Marchand (1791-1876) Napoleon Bonaparte´s valet. Marchand remained faithful to the Emperor after his first abdication and followed him to Saint Helena. On Napoleon´s deathbed he was decreed Count. Marchand He took part in the "Retour des cendres" ("Return of Napoleon´s ashes")

SANGER FREDERICK: (1918-2013) British Biochemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry in 1958 & 1980. Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, 4to, n.p. (Cambridge?), n.d. (1990s). The incomplete manuscript (the pages numbered 9 & 10 to the upper edges) relates to DNA sequencing and states, in part, 'To the remaining low phosphate medium a log culture of E. coli strain JM101 in 2 x TY…..were added and 1 ml added to the tubes. The cells were grown for 6 - 10 h and the DNA isolated as previously described (Sanger et al, 1980). Usually the cultures were combined before isolation and several regions were probed for at the same time. The isolated DNA was finally dissolved in 30 - 60 ml of the hybridizing solution…..This was sufficient for 5 - 10 filters. A random library of sonicated lambda fragments (average size 500 nucleotides) was prepared…..and cloned. Individual pure plaques were usually transferred to fresh plates so that there were about 50 per plate. Blots were prepared using nitrocellulose filters and hybridization and washing carried out…..Radioautographs were developed with fluorescent screens for 1 - 3 days and DNA prepared from the plaques giving a positive response….' Together with a brief A.L.S., F Sanger, one page, 8vo, Swaffham Bulbeck, Cambridgeshire, n.d. (March 1995), to Ursula Esse, forwarding the two pages of manuscript. Accompanied by the original envelope. Three file holes to the left edge of each page of manuscript, not affecting the text, and with a few very light, extremely minor creases. VG, 2

LESZCYNSKA MARIE: (1703-1768) Polish Princess, Queen Consort of France 1725-68 as the wife of King Louis XV. A large D.S., Marie, as Queen Consort, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Versailles, 22nd January 1729, in French. The manuscript document relates to an individual named as Germain Laurent who had been retained as an 'enfant de cuisine' at the Palace of Versailles. With several countersignatures and a blind embossed paper seal affixed within a slit in the vellum. Some light overall creasing and minor age wear and a few light stains, none of which affect the Queen's signature, G

CAROL I: (1839-1914) King of Romania 1881-1914. An official diplomatic L.S., Charles, two pages, folio, Bucharest, 15th January 1893, to the President of Peru, in French. The elegantly penned manuscript letter announces a Royal marriage and states, in part, 'It is with lively satisfaction that I inform Your Excellency of the marriage of my beloved nephew His Royal Highness Prince Ferdinand of Romania, heir presumptive to the Crown, with Her Royal Highness Princess Marie Alexandra Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland, daughter of His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh. This union, which crowns the desires of my heart and has been welcomed with feelings of lively and sincere joy by my people who see therein the consecration of its dearest wishes, was solemnly celebrated on the 10th of this month, at the Castle of Sigmaringen….' Countersigned at the foot by Alexandru Lahovary (1841-1897) Romanian Aristocrat, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1889-91, 1891-95. VGRemigio Morales Bermudez (1836-1894) President of Peru 1890-94.Ferdinand I (1865-1927) King of Romania 1914-27.Marie of Edinburgh (1875-1938) Queen consort of Romania 1914-27.On 10 January 1893 the Royal couple were married at Sigmaringen Castle in three ceremonies: one civil, one Catholic (Ferdinand's religion) and one Anglican.

PRIGOGINE ILYA: (1917-2003) Russian Viscount and Physical Chemist. Awarded with the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1977 for his works on dissipative structures and irreversibility. Autograph manuscript signed `I. Prigg´, one page, folio, n.p., n.d., in French. Prigogine responds to three questions that his correspondent annotates to the heading of the document. To the first question referring to his scientific beginnings, Prigogine states `Thanks to the support I received from my teachers and especially professor Th. De Donder….´, to the second question about the way he could finance and live at that time, Prigogine refers to his first job `I was appointed at the Brussels university immediately after finishing my university studies..´, and to the last, asking "which one of your works do you consider the most important, the Nobel laureate states `My main work has been about…the irreversible phenomena.´ Prigogine signs a second time at the base `I, Prigogine, Proffesor of the Sciences University in Brussels.´ VG

EICHMANN ADOLF: (1906-1962) German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer of World War II. Rare autograph manuscript signed `Adolf Eichmann´, one page, oblong 8vo sheet notepaper, n.p., 10th March 1961, in German. The page bears a lengthy text in Eichmann's hand, explaining his own thoughts short before the start of his trial, stating in part `Too far without being aware of, they are molded and bent, so that you´d hardly expected, got in the hell of a mess and that before becoming aware, did not succeed to leave, so simple because events occur, and exclude own free will acting´. About VG Eichmann was kidnapped-captured by the Mossad in Argentina on 11th May 1960 and was taken to Israel. At the time of the present letter, Eichmann was imprisoned in Israel. Written only a month before Eichmann´s trial started on 11th April 1961. He was subsequently found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicised trial in Jerusalem. Sentenced to death, Eichmann was executed by hanging in 1962.

WILHELM II: (1859-1941) German Emperor & King of Prussia 1888-1918. D.S., Wilhelm R (a particularly bold, fine example), two pages, folio, Berlin, 16th June 1913, in German. The partially printed manuscript document is the appointment of Eduard Arnhold, Privy Councillor of Commerce in Berlin, as a Member of the House of Lords of the Parliament and states, in part, 'We give him seat and voice in the House of Lords, and all the rights and privileges that are accorded to its members under the laws of Our monarchy. At the same time, We expect the faithful and conscientious fulfilment of the duties which Our royal trust and the laws impose on all the members of the House of Lords of the Parliament of Our Monarchy'. Signed by the Emperor at the conclusion beneath a large blind embossed seal and countersigned by Johann von Dallwitz (1855-1919) German Politician, Interior Minister 1910-14. With blank integral leaf. VG

SEABORG GLENN T.: (1912-1999) American Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry 1951. Autograph Manuscript signed, Glenn T. Seaborg, two pages, 4to, n.p., n.d. (1970s?). The incomplete manuscript (the pages numbered 3 & 4 to the upper corners) is written in bold pencil and relates to the Occidental Petroleum Corporation and most likely were used in a speech or presentation given by Seaborg, stating, in part, 'Occidental is the third largest producer of coal in the U.S.. 23,000,000 tons per year with 4,000,000,000 tons of reserves in Kentucky, West Virginia…..They are also gasifying coal with a process developed by Garrett Research and Development…..Occidental has many other holdings…..They handle 500,000 barrels of crude oil per day. They are only in the natural resources business. Occidental will build the 30,000 barrel per day plant at a cost of about $50,000,000. However they want to pick a new location on government land of greater producing capacity for a 100,000 barrels per day plant, want a "no recourse loan" from the government, to be paid back from profits, to get this underway…..' and also referring to Occidental's competitors, Standard Oil of Indiana and Gulf Oil, who were sharing oil rights over 5,000 acres in Colorado. Signed by Seaborg in black ink with his name alone at the foot of the second page. Two small staple holes to the upper left corner, otherwise VG

CASTLEREAGH VISCOUNT: (1769-1822) Anglo-Irish Statesman, Foreign Secretary 1812-22 and a central figure in the coalition which defeated Napoleon. Selection of three Ls.S., Castlereagh, eight pages (total), folio, Downing Street, London, September 1805 - May 1807, to James Matra (2) and James Green (1), His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier. Castlereagh writes a series of diplomatic letters making several references to Lord Nelson and states, in part - 'His Majesty's Ministers have judged it expedient in the present state of affairs to take the opportunity of Lord Nelson's return to resume the Command of the Fleet in the Mediterranean, to send a Present to The Emperor of Morocco, for the purpose of marking the just sense entertained by The King of the readiness shewn on all occasions by His Imperial Majesty to supply the wants of the British Ships and of the Garrison of Gibraltar. The Articles composing the Present…..will be forwarded to you by Lord Nelson, with a Letter from The King……and you will avail yourself of the earliest opportunity to offer them to The Emperor with suitable observations upon the mutual interests of The King……I need not make any observation to impress upon your mind the extreme importance of cherishing at all times, but particularly in the present conjuncture, the amicable dispositions of The Emperor…..or the necessity of your communicating to Lord Nelson…..by the quickest possible means all the intelligence which you may be able to procure of the designs and movements of the enemy' (14th September 1805)'I have the honor to transmit to you The King's letter (no longer present) to the Emperor of Morocco, to be by you presented to His Imperial Majesty with the Presents which you will at the same time receive from Vice Admiral Lord Visct. Nelson' (October 1805)'…..in consequence of the hostilities commenced by the Ottoman Porte against His Majesty's Forces His Majesty has been obliged reluctantly to issue…..(a)…..order that it is His Majesty's wish to use every means in his power to withdraw the Ottoman Porte from subjection to French Influence…..It is with similar views His Majesty has directed Alexandria to be taken possession of by the Troops, lest the French, taking advantage of present circumstances, might throw again a force into that Country with a view to conquest……You will take the best opportunity in your power for explaining these circumstances to the Government to which you are accredited……Lord Collingwood has received directions to keep as frequent a Communication with you as possible, and you will use every exertion and address in your power…..with the Vice Admiral's suggestion to counteract the Design of the French and promote His Majesty's Interests' (16th May 1807; with a contemporary manuscript copy of His Majesty's Order affixed). An interesting group of letters, not least for their references to Lord Nelson. Some light overall age wear, most noticeable to the October 1805 letter which also has some dust staining and small tears to the edges, G to about VG, 3

FLEMING ALEXANDER: (1881-1955) Scottish Biologist, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1945. A rare manuscript D.S., Alexander Fleming, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (annotated 4th September 1949 in ink in an unidentified hand at the foot). Fleming responds to a researcher's questionnaire featuring their questions at the head of the page, '1. Were your scientific "debuts" easy or difficult? 2. Did means of living (another profession or a private income) enable you to make yourself known in science?.......3. What work (or what discovery) made yourself more famous? Which do you consider as your master piece (sic)?' The biologist provides his answers below, in full, '1. Merely the result of years of hard work and observation. 2. No. 3. Penicillin because this has been useful to mankind. Perhaps best work was on the action of antiseptics or on lysozymes.' Documents or letters in any form signed by Fleming in which he refers to penicillin are rare and desirable. Some light age wear and minor creasing, largely to the extreme edges, a small area of paper loss to the upper edge and some ink show through from a few annotations in the hand of the researcher to the verso, only very slightly affecting a few words of Fleming's text and not the signature. G

TENNYSON ALFRED: (1809-1892) English Poet Laureate 1850-92. D.S., A Tennyson, being a signed cheque, one page, oblong 8vo, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, 14th May 1860. The manuscript cheque is drawn on Olding Sharpe & Co. of London and made payable to Alfred Howe for the sum of £50. With a one penny revenue stamp affixed in the upper right corner and the bank's usual ink cancellations, only very slightly affecting the signature. To the verso appears a partial autograph letter, unsigned, in the hand of Emily Tennyson (1813-1896, wife of the poet) referring to some blinds. Some light creasing and one small spindle hole, about VG

WILKES JOHN: (1725-1797) British Radical, Journalist & Politician, a supporter of the American Rebels during the American War of Independence. Lord Mayor of London 1774-75. D.S., John Wilkes, Mayor, one page, folio, Guildhall, London, 18th July 1775. Wilkes has signed the document at the foot in his capacity as witness to a manuscript document signed by Nicholas William Lewis of Lombard Street, London, stating, in part, 'Nicholas William Lewis…..maketh Oath that he this Deponent and John Paul Berthon…..aforesaid this Deponent's Clerk were present and as Witnesses did see John Willett of Broad Street…..and Charles Turner of Wimpole Street near Cavendish Square…..the partys named in the Deed pole or power of Attorney…..bearing Date the Thirtieth Day of June in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy Five severally Sign Seal and as their respective Acts and Deeds deliver…..the words “Or his Absence from the said Island of Tobago as aforesaid”, being first interlined between the Words “Mason” and “And” in the third line from the Bottom of the said Deed Poll…..' With blank integral leaf and two blind embossed revenue stamps to the upper margin. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

SCHILLER FRIEDRICH: (1759-1805) German Poet, Philosopher and Playwright. An extremely rare fragment of an autograph manuscript, unsigned, two pages, slim oblong 12mo, n.p., n.d. (1804-05), in German. The text, apparently unpublished and with several corrections, is from Schiller's translation of Phedre and states, `O wird mir solcher Dank für meine Liebe? Verdammliches Verwegenes Erkühnen Freche That! Verdammliches Erkühnen! Und seiner frevelhaften wilden Lust zu büßen genug zu thun, Erlaubte sich der Freche gar Gewalt!´ further writing, to the verso, `Think of my Queen's complaints - O Lord! From a wicked love - all her hate arisen - Theseus´. Some light overall age wear and with very slightly irregularly trimmed edges, about G In the winter of 1804-05 Schiller was suffering from pain and spasms of pneumonia and the only literary work he could undertake was a translation of Jean Racine's dramatic tragedy Phedre, which had first been performed in 1677. The present fragment was one of a number excised from the original manuscript shorty after Schiller's death and presented to admirers as a keepsake of the poet.

HERZBERG GERHARD: (1904-1999) German-Canadian Physicist and Physical Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1971. Manuscript Signed, G Herzberg, twenty-four pages, 4to, n.p. (University of Chicago?), March 1979. The typed manuscript (the first page of which is a photostat copy, although with an ink signature) bears extensive holograph corrections and additions in pencil, was written in October 1978 and is entitled Spectroscopic Studies based on the Pioneering Work of R. S. Mulliken and commences, in part, ‘The year 1928 in which Robert S. Mulliken joined the faculty of the University of Chicago was a vintage year in molecular spectroscopy. It was the year in which the Raman effect was discovered. In this year appeared, among other important papers…..the two independent basic papers by Hund and by Mulliken on what we now call molecular orbital theory dealing with the relation of molecular electronic states to the states (orbitals) of the individual electrons, and in addition Mulliken’s important paper on the atmospheric oxygen bands. I remember clearly how avidly as a fresh Ph.D. (May 1928) I studied all these papers, especially those of Mulliken. Ever since then Mulliken’s papers have been always at the top of the list of papers I read. The many insights I gained from them have helped me enormously in my own work throughout these fifty years. In this paper I should like to give a few examples of recent (and not so recent) work in our laboratory based in one way or another on Mulliken’s basic contributions’, continuing to discuss Mulliken’s important work on Rydberg series in hydrogen between 1964-69, and the Rydberg series in nitrogen, van der Waals maxima in excited states of H2, Condon diffraction bands in H2 and D2, the spectra of the HeNe+ and HeAr+ ions, and the spectra and structures of H20+ and NH3+, and concludes ‘The examples of my own work based on Robert Mulliken’s seminal contributions could be amplified by examples from the work of almost every molecular physicist and spectroscopist. They show how enormously fruitful Mulliken’s ideas put forward over the last 50 years have been in his chosen field…..’ Together with Herzberg’s entirely holograph bibliography for the paper, two pages, 4to, n.p. (University of Chicago?), n.d. (October 1978), comprising a list of more than fifty titles, in bold pencil. A few very small, minor staple holes to the upper left corner of each page, VG Robert A. Mulliken (1896-1986) American Physicist & Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1966.

THIEBAULT PAUL CHARLES: (1769-1846) French General during the Napoleonic wars. A good and very interesting content manuscript by Thiebault, eight pages, folio, Salamanque, September & October 1811, in French. Thiebault, with a clean and small writing, makes a lengthy report related to the second supplying for Rodrigo, a crucial military location near Salamanque, in Spain, stating in part `We have seen how the first supplying to Rodrigo was executed, and that two entire armies were considered sufficient to grant the achievement…´, he further expresses very critical comments on General Dorsenne´s behaviour, and referring to his impartiality says `General Dorsenne was not impartial with me. He treated me with a lot of respect, but he did not like me…´ Further again Thiebault explains with detail all the stratagems he had to conceive in order to keep the convoy secret, explaining the fake informations he made circulate. An interesting and curious report, also valuing the consequences in case the expedition fails.  Thiebault also refers to the enemy, and on few occasions to the Duke of Wellington, `…troops that the Duke of Wellington will send there….I was sure the this new would immediately be transmitted to the Duke of Wellington..´ With trimmed edges and small overall minor age wear, otherwise G In May 1810 Thiebaut was made Governor of Salamanca, and in 1811 of Old-Castille. Thiebault backed Napoleon during the Hundred Days and was put in command of the defence of Paris. Thiebault wrote during his military career a number of histories and memoirs, the last of which were published in 1895 and translated into English. His memoirs have been since a useful and detailed source for the history of the First French Empire.Thiébault married Betsy Walker the daughter of Scottish novelist Lady Mary Hamilton. Their son Adolphe gathered the family´s papers, today available at Yale University.

PRELOG VLADIMIR: (1906-1998) Croatian-Swiss Organic Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1975. Autograph Manuscript Signed, V. Prelog, eleven pages (feint squared graph paper), 4to, n.p., n.d. The manuscript, with various corrections, is entitled Proposals for Revision of the CIP System and commences, in part, ’12 years have elapsed since the last paper on CIP….In the meantime it became evident – from our own work, from discussions and correspondence with colleagues and above all through the endevour (sic) of Professor E. Reyer…..to teach computers to use the CIP system – that certain parts of it must be formulated more strictly and some other parts should be revised. There is one severe restriction for any revision of the CIP system. Because it is widely accepted and much used it is very important that already assigned descriptors remain unaltered or that they change only in a few rather rare cases. All changes that are not absolutely necessary should be avoided’, further writing on the determination of the sequence of ligands, hierarchical digraphs (‘It is constructed from the constitutional formula of an acyclic compound by adding phantom and duplicate atoms’), cyclic molecules, ligands containing rings (‘When ligands contain rings they are opened at the first ring atom encountered on the pathway starting with the stereogenic atom’), the rank of pathways and atoms (‘The rank of an atom along a pathway is determined first by its distance from the stereogenic center. The atoms of the second sphere precede always the atoms of the third one etc.’), Fischer projection formulae etc. Signed by Prelog at the head of the first page. Four file holes to the left edge of each page, not affecting the text or signature, VG

PAULING LINUS: (1901-1994) American Chemist & Biochemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1954 and Nobel Peace Prize winner, 1962. Autograph Manuscript Signed, Linus Pauling, (twice), eleven pages, 4to, n.p., n.d. (c.1974). The manuscript, with various corrections, is Pauling's review of Irwin Stone's The Healing Factor: Vitamin C against Disease and states, in part, 'Irwin Stone is a biochemist, now retired, who developed a great interest in vitamin C soon after it had been identified as the substance L-ascorbic acid, a derivative of the sugar glucose, in 1932. Over a period of forty years he collected information about vitamin C from the scientific and medical literature, and also carried out some investigations in his own laboratory…..he pointed out that most animals manufacture vitamin C in amounts (converted to the body weight of an adult human) between 2 and 19 grams per day. From these arguments and from published accounts of the value of vitamin C in controlling various diseases, he reached the conclusion that most people are in needlessly poor health because of their low intake of vitamin C……He sent me copies of the four papers on this subject that he had published in the years 1965 to 1967 and urged me to study the effect on health of an increased intake of this vitamin. My discussions with physicians and nutritionists led me to believe that they had for the most part formed a negative opinion about the value of vitamin C because of lack of knowledge of the facts. I accordingly in 1970 wrote my book Vitamin C and the Common Cold, in which the evidence that vitamin C provides a valuable amount of protection against the common cold is discussed. In his book Irwin Stone presents his arguments for a high intake of vitamin C. He discusses the evidence…..that an increased intake of vitamin C has value in preventing and treating not only the common cold but also other viral diseases, bacterial diseases, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, allergies and asthma……in addition to its recognized uses in aiding the healing of burns, wounds, and fractural bones and helping to remove toxic substances from the body…..Irwin Stone deserves our thanks. His work, including this book, may well result in significant improvement in health and decrease in the amount of suffering caused by disease for many people'. Signed by Pauling at the conclusion and at the head of the first page. Very minor staple holes to the upper left corner of each page, otherwise VGIrwin Stone (1907-1984) American Biochemist who was the first to use ascorbic acid in the food processing industry as a preservative, and originated and published the hypothesis that humans require much larger amounts of vitamin C for optimal health than is necessary to prevent scurvy.

MARIA CHRISTINA: (1858-1929) Austrian Archduchess, Queen Consort of Spain 1879-85, as wife of King Alfonso XII. Maria Christina also served as Queen Regent of Spain 1885-1902. An official diplomatic L.S., Maria Cristina, two pages, folio, Royal Palace of Madrid, 15th November 1894, to the President of the Republic of Peru, in Spanish. The elegantly penned manuscript letter dates from Maria Christina's tenure as Queen Regent and states, in part, 'Moved by Our constant desire to continue to cultivate the good relations both political and commercial which happily exist between Spain and Peru, We have judged it appropriate to appoint as Our Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Your Republic Don Luis del Castillo y Frigueros……The distinguished qualities of Senor Castillo y Frigueros and his well-known zeal make Us hope that in the discharge of his important Mission he will succeed in earning Your goodwill…..' Countersigned by Alejandro Groizard y Gomez de la Serna (1830-1919) Spanish Politician, Minister of State 1894-95. With an attractive blind embossed paper seal affixed. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VGAndres Avelino Caceres (1836-1923) President of Peru 1884-85, 1886-90 & 1894-95.

BORGES JORGE LUIS: (1899-1986) Argentine Short-Story Writer, Essayist, Poet & Translator, a key figure in Spanish literature. A good, rare autograph manuscript signed, Jorge Luis Borges, one page, 8vo, Buenos Aires, 18th May n.y. (1927), in Spanish. The manuscript, with several corrections, is of an essay entitled Para el Centenario de Gongora and commences 'I will always be ready to think of Don Luis de Gongora every hundred years', continuing 'Gongora has risen to abstraction. The dedication to the letters, the esoteric and modest writing, the martyrdom acts of other people's misunderstanding and finesse, are symbolised in him. The witty Cordovan Luis de Argote - a man of bitterness on the lips and of youth employed in love - is now called Gongora, in the same way that two sticks tied in the middle are called a cross' and concluding 'Gongora is - I hope unfairly - the symbol of careful technicality, of the simulation of mystery, of mere adventures of syntax. That is to say, of academism that misbehaves and is scandalous. That is to say, of that melodious and perfect non-literature that I have always repudiated. I consign my hope - so often satisfied - of being wrong'. A wonderfully astute essay written in celebration of the tri-centennial of the death of Luis de Gongora. Some light overall foxing, otherwise VG Luis de Gongora (1561-1627) Spanish Poet who, alongside his lifelong rival, Francisco de Quevedo, is widely considered to be one of the most prominent Spanish poets of all time and a leading figure in Spain's Golden Age of literature. Gongora's influence on the Spanish-language avant-gardes was far reaching and Garcia Lorca's poetic group, 'The Generation of '27', are referred to as such precisely because their founding act was a celebration of Gongora's tri-centennial in that year. Para el Centenario de Gongora was originally published in Martin Fierro (No. 41, Buenos Aires, 28th May 1927) and reprinted in El idioma de los argentines the following year.

WESTON RICHARD: (1577-1634/35) 1st Earl of Portland. English Politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1621-28 and Lord Treasurer of England 1628-35, one of the most influential figures in the early years of King Charles I's Personal Rule. L.S., Portland, two pages, folio, n.p. (London?), 18th April 1633, to Sir Robert Pye, Auditor of the Exchequer. The manuscript letter is a warrant for the payment of the sum of 30,984 pounds to Sir William Russell, Treasurer of the Navy, and further providing details of his it is to be disbursed. Countersigned at the conclusion by Francis Cottington (c.1579-1652) 1st Baron Cottington, English Politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1629-42 and Lord High Treasurer 1643-46 and was also an ambassador to Spain, leading the pro-Spanish and pro-Roman Catholic faction in the court of King Charles I. With blank integral leaf. Some fraying to the edges and a few neat splits to the folds (some repaired). GSir Robert Pye (1585-1662) English Courtier, Administrator & Politician who served as Auditor of the Exchequer 1620-42 & 1660-62. Sir William Russell (c.1585-1654) 1st Baronet, of Chippenham. English Politician, Treasurer of the Navy 1618-27, 1630-54.

SEABORG GLENN T.: (1912-1999) American Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1951. Autograph Manuscript Signed, Glenn T. Seaborg (in the title), two pages, 4to, n.p., n.d. (annotated 21st May 1979 in another hand to the upper edge). The manuscript, with various corrections, is an abstract of Seaborg’s work Our Heritage of the Elements and states, in part, ‘The role of our heritage of chemical elements, natural and man-made, in determining our accomplishments throughout our history will be described. From the Stone Age to the beginning of the recent era of understanding of their nature…..mastery of the utilization of the elements has determined the destiny of nations……Today, with our advanced state of knowledge and the incentive of continuing our creative evolution of remaking and fully utilizing our environment, we have sufficient perspective to appreciate just how rich and important is our legacy to the chemical elements……Our future progress and well being will depend in large part in learning more about the chemical elements and their combinations. These new frontiers continue to be frontiers of the mind’. VG Seaborg’s Our Heritage of the Elements was published in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A in December 1980.

OFFENBACH JACQUES: (1819-1880) German-born French Composer. Autograph Musical Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, oblong 4to, n.p., n.d, with annotations in French. The manuscript comprises two sketches in Offenbach´s hand. To the front page Offenbach has carefully penned twenty bars on five staves, and to the verso five additional bars on two staves, all of them with the text corresponding to the music written below each stave in Offenbach´s hand, saying in part `Douce Brise du soir…Dieu voulut animer par tes accords touchants de la terre et du ciel l´harmonieux..´ (`Sweet evening breeze…your touching and harmonious chords, from earth and heaven…´). Irregularly torn with small tear to the right edge, not affecting the text and quote. About G According to Jacques Brindejont-Offenbach´s biography Offenbach, my Grandfather (1938), the present work Douce Brise du Soir is an unedited vocal duo.

GRENVILLE BARON: (1759-1834) British Prime Minister 1806-1807. D.S., Grenville, two pages, small folio, Whitehall, 2nd February 1791. The manuscript document provides the detailed accounts of expenditure incurred by John Padmore in his capacity as a messenger to Grenville and cover the period February to May 1790, including coach hire for receiving a prisoner into custody and travelling with them to Dublin, another trip from London to Holyhead with a prisoner and guard, a further 'order for Cloathes for the Prisoner, who was in a Ragged and Wretched condition when taken out of Prison' and payments for attending His Majesty in 'the second fortnight in March' and 'for the Horse that was kill'd under me and for Surgeons that attended me', the total of the bill amounting to £184.16.1. Grenville has signed the document at the conclusion, allowing the bill, and it is also countersigned by John Padmore. Some light staining, age wear and very minor traces of former mounting to one edge, only very lightly affecting the text and Grenville's signature. About VGAt the time the expenses on the present document were incurred Grenville was serving as Home Secretary (1789-91).

SWENSON MAY: (1913-1989) American Poet & Playwright. T.L.S., May Swenson, one page, 4to, Sea Cliff, New York, n.d. (November 1970), to J. Duane Upton of The Space Age Museum in California. Swenson thanks her correspondent for his letter and news about the museum, adding that she has done a holograph version of On Its Way (still present) and continuing 'I'm pleased that you know my poetry and like it. ON ITS WAY is just a little poem about autumn - - yet I can see that it might be read as a Space Age poem as well - - expressive of a holocaust' and further suggesting fourteen of her other poems which are directly about space and appear in To Mix With Time (1963), Half Sun Half Asleep (1967) and Iconographs (1970) as well as First Walk On the Moon which she remarks will be published in an upcoming book More Poems to Solve. Together with a manuscript fair copy of On Its Way, one page, 4to, n.p. (New York), 1970, signed by Swenson at the foot, and also including a typed fair copy of the same poem, evidently prepared by Upton for the poet to sign, annotated by Swenson with two small corrections to the text and with an A.N.S. with her initials MS at the base, 'Note your typing errors in above copy'. Accompanied by the original envelope signed ('Swenson') in the return address panel. Some very light, extremely minor creasing, VG, 3

[GEORGE III]: (1738-1820) King of the United Kingdom 1760-1820. Contemporary Manuscript copy of a D.S., being a letter of credence sent by King George III, three pages, folio, originally signed at the Court at Saint James's, 12th March 1806, addressed to Prince Muly Solyman, Emperor of Morocco, and stating, in part, 'The infirm state of Health of Our Trusty and Wellbeloved James Mario Matra Esquire who has long resided in Your Imperial Majesty's Dominions as Our Consul General has induced us to relieve him in his Employment and to make provision for his retirement from Our Service We have nominated Our Trusty and Wellbeloved James Green Esquire to succeed Mr. Matra……He will, upon his arrival, deliver to Your Imperial Majesty this Our Letter containing assurances of Our Friendship…..and we desire that you will give full credit to what he shall declare to you concerning Our Affairs…..We avail Ourselves of this occasion to present you with some Cloth and some curious Articles made on purpose for your Imperial Majesty'. With a secretarial signature of King George III at the head and conclusion and also with a secretarial countersignature of William Windham (1750-1810) British Statesman, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies 1806-07. Some very light age toning and wear, otherwise VG Mulay Suleiman (1766-1822) Sultan of Morocco 1792-1822. James Matra (1746-1806) American Sailor and Diplomat who had accompanied James Cook on his voyage to Botany Bay in 1770. Matra served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1786-1806 James Green (1772-1840) British Diplomat who served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1806-17.

DUMAS ALEXANDRE: Fils (1824-1895) French Author and Dramatist. Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, two pages, folio, n.p., n.d. (watermark of 1857), in French. The substantial fragment of manuscript, with extensive corrections, is an unused portion of the comedy L'Ami des Femmes and represents dialogue between J[ane de Simerose] and de M[ontegre], the final version of which sees Jane passionately asking Montegre whether, if her husband has broken his word, that is a reason to break hers, in part, 'So long as I am to keep his name, I must respect it. Would she still be a wife who at my age had said to two men that she loved them, who belonging legally to one, should calmly give herself to the other, and whom each of the two would have this right to despise, for you would despise me in spite of yourself if I were to believe you, and already, to expect that I can believe you is to despise me - I am married, as you are - and you talk to me of love. Who do you take me for? To put me in a web of lies, terrors, insults, adulteries, to make me blush before another, before you, before myself, to lower myself in the esteem of others and my own - Never. Die if you have not the courage of duty - I do have - and I am alive'. Rare in this form. Some light overall creasing and minor age wear, GThe passage contained in the present manuscript fragment may have been a trial for part of Act IV. In the published play, Act I introduces de Royes, the 'friend' of the title, who claims to be an expert on women, and de Montegre, who has briefly met Jane two or three times before. She loved but is separated from her husband, who was unfaithful after a month of marriage, On meeting de Montegre again she wistfully thinks he might be someone she could trust and writes a note asking him to meet her 'tomorrow - I love you'. However, her husband turns up towards the end of Act III with adoption papers for a young orphan whom he hopes Jane will bring up with his support, and Jane is given pause. In Act IV she is followed by de Montegre to Paris, where she manages to evade him. On returning home she upbraids him for trailing her in secret rather than declaring himself openly, and refuses to trust him. At the end of Act V de Montegre arranges for Jane's note of assignation to be put in the hands of the husband, as if from Jane herself, de Royes 'expert' knowledge is confounded, and Jane and her husband are reconciled. The present manuscript fragment suggests an alternative which Dumas could not use, possibly because it seemed too final at this stage of the play.

EINSTEIN ALBERT: (1879-1955) German-born Theoretical Physicist, Nobel Prize winner for Physics, 1921. A good autograph manuscript signed `A.E.´, one page, 12mo, a 5 x 2 clipped piece, n.p., n.d., in German. The bold green ink cleanly written manuscript by Einstein is a poem, stating `Für mich allein bin ich nur Tand - Doch wenn geführt von deiner Hand - Kann ich manch Nützliches vollbringen - Vereint wird es und schon gelingen!´, (`Alone I am just frippery - but when leaded by your hand - I can achieve something useful - United we will be accomplished!´ A very unusual and attractive manuscript poem by Einstein, further adding `Diesen optimistischen Wunsch des beiliegenden neuen Freundes übermittelt mit herzlichen Grüssen. Ihr A.E.´, (`Conveyed this optimistic wish from the new friend with affectionate regards. Yours A.E´. With two extremely small pinholes being the trace of a small staple. Upper and lower edges very slightly trimmed. G

TINBERGEN JAN: (1903-1994) Dutch Economist, winner of the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, 1969. Autograph Manuscript Signed, Jan Tinbergen, nine pages, 4to, n.p., n.d. (c.1979). The manuscript, with a few corrections, is of an essay entitled To What Extent Should the Economy be Controlled Through an Expansion of the Functions of the State in Western Countries? and comprises five sections, stating, in part, ‘Our subject can perhaps best be dealt with by starting with the oversimplified model of the economy used by the old European liberalists. They used to suggest that the free forces of society should be left to themselves. They maintained that a maximum of social welfare will be attained if every individual is striving for maximum personal welfare…..a number of tasks have not been left to individuals, but put into the hands of public authorities…..Some well-known examples are that law and order should be maintained by the sheriff; that private armies are not the solution of the security problem; that a system of competing banks entitled to issue notes does not provide us with the best money, but rather one central bank (system)……It is interesting that the protection of share holders was organised better and earlier in the USA than elsewhere (Securities Exchange Commission) and unveiled cases of bribery in Europe……A few new public tasks are the immediate sequel of one of the most visible technological developments: the mass production of the motor car. It has forced upon us the traffic lights, even to cities which, like Rotterdam, initially refused, as a matter of principle, to introduce them! Similarly the motor car has introduced into the country adoring freedom most of all nations, the United States, speed limits and fines to offenders, quite a bit stiffer than in my country. Indeed it is striking that once the American public has been convinced that certain activities must be regulated they accept a rigorous regulation. What about oil prices? Similar developments are under way concerning pollution of the environment…..So here a complex of regulations is quickly growing also and the criteria for the clean car are rigorous……Under the umbrella of this new legislation the production of various types of anti-pollution equipment will become profitable and hence contribute to new employment opportunities which we badly need…..In addition to the tasks discussed I see two broad areas inside nations which may require public activity in the near future, and one broad area between nations. Inside the nations we must state that so far inflation has not been successfully brought under control……The Dutch government commands two instruments to affect the incomes of two main groups showing high incomes, namely the upper groups of salary earners (both in public administration and in private corporations) and the professions. Higher salaries not subject to collective bargaining can be fixed by the Minister of Social Affairs. Fees of free professions fall under price control and are under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Economic Affairs……Another internal problem our nations are facing is the cultural degeneration our societies are experiencing. Although not an economic problem it is assuming an intensity serious enough to devote some attention to it in this essay: also the economy is suffering from its consequences…….Some of the economically relevant attitudes affected by the cultural crisis are lack of motivation to carry out tasks accepted by contract, fraud and vandalism……It is commonplace to stress the intensified interdependence of nations as a consequence of a series of recent developments. Both food and raw materials have to travel over longer distances than formerly, the former because of population increases around Asia, the latter because of the exhaustion of mineral deposits in developed countries……The increasing income gap constitutes a threat to political stability and a challenge to mankind’s managerial capabilities. The time has come where we must – whether we like it or not – consciously manage the operation of our world society……So far I only dealt with new tasks of the state. But isn’t there already more than enough state activity? Yes, there is. There is over-bureaucratization by states, by other public bodies and by quite a few big private bodies…..Farming out is one of the answers. An interesting recent example in a government machine run largely by social democrats is the GTZ……a state corporation which deals with all bilateral development cooperation of the Federal German Republic’s government…..Unnecessarily complicated schemes also abound……It is natural that these things happen, but then, after some time there should be the obligation of reconsidering the whole scheme. Particular attention should be given to the avoidance of irrelevant concepts’. Signed by Tinbergen at the head of the first page and with a further signature and inscription in his hand to the upper border. VG

[MECCA]: MATRA JAMES: (1746-1806) American Sailor and Diplomat who had accompanied James Cook on his voyage to Botany Bay in 1770. Matra served as His Majesty's Consul General at Tangier from 1786-1806. Manuscript draft (retained copy) of an A.L., unsigned, nine pages, folio, Tangiers, 28th March 1789, to Lord Sydney. Matra's diplomatic letter is written in response to a request of intelligence from his correspondent and states, in part, 'The Caravan to Mecca is composed of Merchants of Pilgrims, subjects of the Emperor of Morocco who go to Mecca - and of Merchants belonging to the States of Algiers, Tunis & Tripoly who carry on a regular trade with the Emperor of Morocco and follow its Caravans for safety. The articles which the Moorish Caravans take from Morocco are - Money, Al-haiques (the common Moorish Garment), Slippers & old red Bonnets which they very advantageously exchange with the Arabs on the road for Provisions for themselves & their beasts…….They who wish to stop at Algiers or Tunis turn off with the Merchants to those Places, and join their party again at the Salt Pits which are distant about half a days journey from Tripoli where the general Caravan is considerably increased by the Pilgrims from the three Eastern States of Barbary…….At this place (Tripoli) they provide themselves with all the necessaries for their Journey to Alexandria, which they perform in about fifty days…..The united Caravan carry on a petty commerce from place to place…..At Egypt they invest their money in Persian & Levant silks, Silks manufactured in Cairo, Raw Silk, muslins, fine Cottons, Amber, Essence of Roses, Musk & Storax…..Mules are also bought, they are purchased with 20 or 25 Dol[lar]s by the vendors who sell them for Sixty or Seventy. The Emperor checks the Caravan Trade to and from Mecca, by every possible discouragement…….Frequently too, when they are assembled at one of his Ports and ready to embark he picks a Quarrel with the richest of them and extorts money from them for a permission to proceed. These poor people thus wounded in their vitals when they return by land frequently disperse near the Frontiers and reach their own country by private Roads, by doing of which they risk both Life & Property: in the year 1786 140 of them were murdered by the mountain Arabs……The value of the Trade however which I am now representing is estimated at the annual amount of two Millions of Spanish Mexicos……The Caravan Trade from Morocco to Guinea proceeds no farther south than to Tambuctoo, the Capital of Negroeland……The Caravans consist of from one to three hundred persons…..they are convoyed and protected by the Arabs…..till they arrive at Tambuctoo: the Arabs are rewarded for the Protection which they give in proportion to the number of each Caravan & the value of its merchandize…..two Deserts must be passed, one in four days, the other in nine, and on this account a sufficient number of camels to carry water must be provided. The principal articles of commerce of these Caravans are tobacco & salt……The European Merchandize conveyed by these Caravans consists of……Fine Scarlet & Crimson cloths…..Fine Irish Linnen, but not in a great quantity…..Cloves, Nutmegs, Coral Beads, Large Amber Beads, Venetian Beads of various sorts…..Olando paper…..Brass wire, Needles & Dutch or Nuremberg gilt Paper looking Glasses. The Returns from Tambuctoo are Gold Dust, Slaves & Gum - the Gum is the same sort as that from Senegal……The number of Slaves annually imported in this Empire from Tambuctoo is estimated at 3, or 4,000…..Eunuchs are brought by these Caravans…..The King…..I am informed will give from Twelve to Twenty Eunuchs for one Horse. No Eunuchs are made in this Country, a few are brought occasionally from Turkey, or Egypt, as presents for the Emperor……It has not yet been in my power to procure any probable information of the annual amount of this commerce…..The Moors keep no Books, a dark and misterious veil is drawn over all pecuniary Property in this Country……I am afraid it will be impracticable for me to Procure Your Lordship an account of the least accuracy of the Population of the interior parts of this Country…..you may travel by a road each side of which is crowded with Arab Villages: if you pass the same way a month after not a vestage of them may remain. The Towns of the Empire are in a state not less precarious; their inhabitants are in a moment removed from their fixed Habitations by the jealousy or caprice of their master…….The Arabs…..acknowledge him [The Emperor] as the Descendant of Mahomet, as Chief of their Religion; but they will not surrender to him their Liberty…..' A letter of fascinating content relating to Morocco and its trade between Tangier and Mecca. Some light overall age wear and a lengthy horizontal split to the central fold of the final page, only just affecting a few words of text, G Thomas Townshend (1733-1800) 1st Viscount Sydney. British Politician who served as Home Secretary from 1783-89.

ISABELLA I OF CASTILE: (1451-1504) Queen of Castile 1474-1504. Catholic Monarch who ruled jointly with her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon as The Catholic Monarchs 1475-1504. They are recognized for laying the foundations for the political unification of Spain, and also for completing the Reconquista as well as their support and financing of Christopher Columbus´ voyage of 1492 which led to the opening of the New World. An exceptional manuscript letter, dated in 1483, signed by the Queen `Yo la Reyna´ ("I the Queen"), one page, oblong 4to, Miranda de Ebro, 2nd September 1483, to Sancho de Vergara, in old Castilian. The document bears at the heading the written text `The Queen´, stating below `Sancho de Vergara, I have discussed with Johan de Luxan, Knight of my Household, certain matters that he will share with you on my behalf. I do beg and trust you to fully believe him. Given at the town of Miranda de Ebro, 2nd of September 1483´. Countersigned at the base by Fernando Alvarez `As ordered by the Queen´. With a registration annotation to the verso, referring to the order given by the Queen and the matter related, being a lawsuit regarding property in the town of Corella, in Navarra. Only four months prior to our letter´s date, Castilian forces captured the last ruler of the Muslim Emirate of Granada, Muhammad XII, known as Boabdil, at the battle of Lucena. Overall age wear, with very slightly irregular edges, and very small toning, otherwise G

SNELL GEORGE: (1903-1996) American Geneticist & Transplant Immunologist, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1980. Autograph Manuscript notes signed, George D. Snell, one page, 4to, n.p., 17th July 1969. In bold pencil Snell has written a series of scientific notes, figures and diagrams, most likely in preparation for a scientific paper, referring to 'Digression on immunity, Albumin, Globulin…..immediate and delayed hypersensitivity….' and also noting the names of Takasugi and Hildemann, Brunner and others. Signed by Snell in blue ink at the foot of the page. VG

KELLERMANN FRANÇOIS CHRISTOPHE: (1735-1820) Marshal of France, Duc de Valmy. An excellent Autograph Manuscript Signed twice by Marshal Kellerman, to the heading `François Christophe de Kellermann, Duc de Valmy, Marechal et Pair de France´, and at the base of the autograph document `Le Marechal de Kellermann, Duc de Valmy, Pair de France´, one page, 4to, Luneville, 9th July 1818, in French. The document bears two attractive ink stamps and one blind embossed seal, and at the base a red wax seal in good condition. Kellermann grants a power of attorney to his secretary Mr. Beraud, stating that he is residing in Paris at the Rue St. Dominique, and authorizing him to receive the payment of dividends on his behalf. The document bears a watermark. VG

GOUNOD CHARLES: (1818-1893) French Composer. Autograph Musical Manuscript Signed, Ch. Gounod, twice, three pages, folio (manuscript paper), n.p., July 1893, being the manuscript score of Gounod's hymn to the hoy sacrament Adoro te supplex ('Gentle, holy Saviour') for mezzo soprano or tenor, consisting of over 100 bars of music, with words, on 12 stave manuscript paper. Signed by Gounod to the title page, completed entirely in his hand and also signed at the conclusion of the piece. Some light overall age wear and dust staining, most noticeable to the outer covers, about VG Gounod was a prolific composer of songs, although most of them were secular and only a small handful of religious songs, such as the present example, were written for the British market. During his lifetime Gounod's religious music was regarded in many quarters more highly than his most popular operas.

LOUYS PIERRE: (1870-1925) French Poet and Novelist. An excellent autograph manuscript poem by Louys, one page, 4to, being an eight verses poem entitled Agnes, in French. A rather scabrous and rude erotic text with contemporary funny popular rhymes. Stating `Agnès, lorsque vous subites - A l´abri d´un paravent - Le coup double de nos bittes - Par derrière et par devant…´ Boldly and carefully written in purple ink by Louys. The poem has been neatly affixed to a slightly larger card. Together with Edouard Moullé (1845-1923) French Composer. A.L.S., Moullé, two pages, 12mo, n.p., n.d., to Achille Ségard, French Writer, in French. Moullé explains that he finally was able to meet Pierre Louys, that they reached an agreement regarding the Bilitis Songs, and therefore the rehearsals will soon start. Also including an A.L.S., by E. Baudoux, to an oblong 12mo card, n.p., n.d., to Achille Ségard, in French, and stating `..before starting with works, the musicians need Pierre Louys´ signature beneath the text enclosed.´ VG, 3 The poetic work Bilitis Songs is an erotic text written by Louys in 1894 with music composed by Claude Debussy.

NECKER JACQUES: (1732-1804) Swiss Banker & Finance Minister 1777-81 under Louis XVI. Some of his decisions have been later considered as critical in creating social conditions which contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution. An excellent Autograph Letter with historical content by Necker, three pages, 4to, [Coppet], 11th August [1794], in French. The letter is addressed to a French noble who went in exile escaping from the terror. A violent attack manifesto against Robespierre by Necker, expressing his thoughts in this manuscript letter about Robespierre´s execution. Robespierre was guillotined two weeks before the present letter was written. Necker states in part `I was not aware of this…that the tyrants weapons had killed your brother.. Alas, will there ever be an end to so many evils?…´, and referring to Robespierre `.. I have less concern since the scoundrel is gone, he seemed reveling with the blood and with the crime. The National Convention seems since that moment being less terrible.. but I am shakingthinking in the moment that they will realize that its ferocity was its strength..´ Necker further refers to the situation in Geneva and states `.. all Genevese have been told to supply an inventory of their belongings and fortune and we cannot predict yet what kind of tax they will have to pay. We should be out of Geneva but nobody can get out… it is still the same brigands who are commanding..´ Very small overall minor creasing, with small professional repair to the fold, otherwise about VG

[LOWE HUDSON]: (1769-1844) Anglo-Irish Soldier and Colonial Administrator, Governor of St Helena where he was the 'gaoler' of Napoleon Bonaparte. Contemporary Manuscript copy of an autograph letter by Lowe, in an unidentified clerk's hand, two pages, 4to, London, 19th October 1822, to the Duke of Wellington. The letter states, in part, 'I hope your Grace will excuse the liberty I take of addressing you, upon the following subject, which I cannot better explain than by inclosing copy of a letter (no longer present) I had before written to Earl Bathurst and also of his Lordship's reply (no longer present) suggesting the reference to your Grace. The object, as it will appear, is to obtain for the sisters of the late Colonel Sir William De Lancey the pensions which had been granted, in the first instance to his mother and sisters & afterwards given to his widow who having since died leaves the pension disposeable……since receiving Lord Bathurst's reply to my first application in their behalf Lady Lowe who is also a sister of the late Sir William De Lancey has received a letter from the eldest sister which places the claim in a much stronger point of view than I was aware of……' With blank integral leaf. Together with a contemporary manuscript copy of Wellington's letter of reply, one page, 4to, Verona, 10th November 1822, to Hudson Lowe ('My dear Sir Hudson'), stating, in full, 'I have received your application in favour of the sisters of the late Sir W. De Lancey and I have applied to Lord Liverpool that the pension enjoyed by his widow may be given to them'. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, minor age wear, otherwise VG, 2 William Howe De Lancey (1778-1815) English Colonel who served during the Napoleonic Wars and died of wounds he received at the Battle of Waterloo. De Lancey and the Duke of Wellington were close allies and on the return of Napoleon Bonaparte from Elba, De Lancey was appointed deputy quartermaster-general of the army in Belgium, replacing Sir Hudson Lowe, whom Wellington disliked. Wellington was engaged in conversation with De Lancey on the battlefield when the Colonel received the wounds which ultimately led to his death. The Duke of Wellington described the events to Samuel Rogers such - 'De Lancey was with me and speaking to me when he was struck. We were on a point of land that overlooked the plain. I had just been warned off by some soldiers (but as I saw well from it, and two divisions were engaging below, I said "Never mind"), when a ball came bounding along en ricochet, as it is called, and, striking him on the back, sent him many yards over the head of his horse. He fell on his face, and bounded upwards and fell again. All the staff dismounted and ran to him, and when I came up he said, "Pray tell them to leave me and let me die in peace." I had him conveyed to the rear, and two days after, on my return from Brussels, I saw him in a barn, and he spoke with such strength that I said (for I had reported him killed), "Why! De Lancey, you will have the advantage of Sir Condy in 'Castle Rackrent'--you will know what your friends said of you after you were dead." "I hope I shall," he replied. Poor fellow! We knew each other ever since we were boys. But I had no time to be sorry. I went on with the army, and never saw him again' (from The Recollections of Samuel Rogers, 1856) One of De Lancey's two sisters, Susan, married Sir Hudson Lowe in December 1815.

GEORGE III: (1738-1820) King of the United Kingdom 1760-1820. D.S., George R, (a 'mad' example), as King, at the head, three pages, folio, Court at Saint James's, 2nd June 1808. The manuscript document is a License relating to John Tulloch and states, in part, 'To all commanders of Our Ships of War and Privateers…..Greeting, whereas John Tulloch hath humbly represented unto us on Behalf of Edward Wynne Commander of the American Ship Father & Sons and sundry British Merchants that they are desirous of obtaining Our Royal Licence to Import from Alicant or any Port or Ports in Spain not blockaded to any of the Ports of Our United Kingdom Four Cargoes…..of such articles as are allowed by Our order……the said vessels may proceed from the Port they lie in Ballast or partly laden with heavy Goods to other Ports not Blockaded to compleat their cargoes or to take the whole of their cargoes on Board where they be & be permitted to make use of any Belligerent or Neutral Dominants……& that on their arrival at this Kingdom the Masters be Permitted to…..return with their Vessels & Crews to any Port not Blockaded. We taking the Promises into our Royal Consideration are graciously pleased to grant Our License…..provided that….the said vessels shall be Spanish & that they depart from any one Port in Spain where they may load…..or where part of the Cargoes consist of Barilla…..to any other Ports between Cape Palos & Cape Nao…..& to proceed from thence with their Cargoes…..to any of the Ports of Our United Kingdom upon condition that if any Part of the Cargoes of either of the said Vessels consist of Wines the Merchant Importer of the said Wines shall (if the Port of Destination be to the Eastward of Plymouth) enter into proper Security by Bond to be taken in the Office of Our Privy Council…….This Our Licence to remain in Force for Six months……' Countersigned ('Hawkesbury') at the conclusion by Robert Jenkinson (1770-1828) 2nd Earl of Liverpool, British Prime Minister 1812-27, Home Secretary 1804-06, 1807-09. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some light overall age wear and a couple of small, minor tears to the edges of the folds, only very slightly affecting one word of text but not the signature, otherwise VG

FREDERICK I: (1676-1751) King of Sweden 1720-51. D.S., Friedrich, (a good, bold example, as King), two pages, folio, Stockholm, 5th September 1739, in Swedish. The attractively penned manuscript document are the letters of appointment for Leonhard Klinkovstrom to be Chancellery Councillor and state, in part, '…..as the office of a Chancellery Councillor in Our and the Kingdom's Chancellery College, in the place of the late Joachim Neries, has become vacant: And for its filling there has come to Our Gracious Remembrance Our Faithful Servant and Secretary at the Foreign Department of Our Chancellery, Our Beloved Noble and Well-Born Leonhard Klinkovstrom, in consideration of the long service demonstrated to Us and the Kingdom, and the good knowledge and experience he has employed in the matters that belong to that same important office, together with the proof of the loyal and honest behaviour he has shown daily and at all times: We therefore will hereby and in virtue of these Our Letters Patent do appoint him, Leonhard Klinkovstrom, to the office of a Chancellery Councillor……in which he is to enjoy the salary and benefits that belong to the same Office…..' Countersigned at the foot by Gustaf Boneauschiold (1683-1754) Swedish Nobleman, Presidential Secretary of the Chancellery College. With blind embossed paper seal affixed and blank integral leaf. Some very light, extremely minor age wear, VG

NICHOLAS I: (1796-1855) Emperor of Russia 1825-55. A good A.L.S., `Nicolas´, with bold ink flourish, two pages, 4to, Saint Petersburg, 8th/20th April 1839, to an unidentified Royal Highness, in French. The manuscript letter in the hand of the Emperor is a kind and friendly letter to a member of a Royal House, thanking the help and friendly welcome given to his son. Nicholas I, as Emperor, states in part `My son has reported to me in detail about the infinitely precious welcome that your Royal Highness has deigned giving to him. I have no doubt Madame that my son found in your Royal Highness and family the indulgent and kind parents..´ Nicholas I further expresses again his gratitude for their familiar welcome to his son. The letter bears to the upper left corner a Royal blind embossed seal. Nicolas I most probably refers to his elder son and future Tsar Alexander II (1818-1881). Alexander II ascended to the throne in 1855, aged 37, and in 1838 and 1839, the year of the present letter, aged 20 or 21, visited many prominent Western European countries as Tsesarevich. Some extremely light age wear, otherwise VG

GRETCHANINOV ALEXANDER: (1864-1956) Russian Composer. An unusual signed and corrected proof copy of the sheet music for Gretchaninov's composition Herbst (Op.11), twenty-six pages, folio, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, 30th August 1929. The sheet music, printed in green and white and on unbound pages, with words in German and Cyrillic, feature over fifty holograph corrections by the composer, many to the white borders. Signed by Gretchaninov to the head of the first page at the conclusion of a note, in French, advising of his address in Saint-Jean-de-Luz and, after the 12th September, in Paris. Also with the oval rubber stamp of the publisher to the head of the first page. Rare in this form. Together with a manuscript copy (unsigned and in an unidentified hand) of Gretchaninov's String Quartet No. 4 in F major (Op.124), seventy-four pages, folio, boldly penned in fountain pen ink on printed manuscript paper (unbound). Some light overall age wear, about VG, 2

PIUS VII: (1742-1823) Pope of the Roman Catholic Church 1800-23. Born Count Barnaba Niccolo Maria Luigi Chiaramonti. An excellent manuscript L.S., `Pius PP VII´, as Pope, one page, oblong folio, 16 x 10, Rome, 17th December 1819, to Archbishop of Messina, Antonio Maria Trigona, in Latin. The cleanly written and attractive document being the appointment of Antonio Maria Trigona as new Archbishop of Caesarea. Countersigned by Cardinal Secretary of State Consalvi Ercole. With blank integral leaf. Several vertical folds, scattered light spotting, and a few wrinkles, otherwise in fine condition. About VG

BECQUEREL ANTOINE HENRI: (1852-1908) French Physicist. Becquerel is credited as the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. Awarded for his works in this field with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, together with Marie and Pierre Curie. An extremely rare manuscript document by Becquerel, being scientific notes, including formulas and calculations, one page, oblong 4to, ruled paper, n.p., n.d., in French. The manuscript includes Becquerel´s notes concerning X-rays, electrolysis, atoms and electrons, with formulas and equations. A document of very rare and interesting scientific content. Uneven bottom edge, otherwise VG

HENRY III: (1551-1589) King of France 1574-89 and King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1573-75. Assassinated. L.S., Henry, one page, folio, Camp at (? place name indecipherable), 10th December 1587, to Cardinal Dancelot, in French. The manuscript letter states, in part, 'His Excellency the Cardinal Mario Bandini, Gentleman Ordinary of My Chamber, who piously went to war in Tours, has asked me to come and see you in person and let you know that, by the Grace of God, I have dissipated the great foreign army and removed it from my kingdom. I do not doubt that you are as grateful as the Regent for the good and loyal services rendered by the Cardinal, for the glory of God and the propagation of our Catholic, Apostolic and Roman religion'. Countersigned at the foot by Nicolas IV de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy (1543-1617) French Secretary of State, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1567-88 & 1594-1616, the most distinguished of all sixteenth-century French secretaries. With manuscript address panel to the verso and the very minor remnants of the seal. Some very light overall foxing, very slightly frayed edges, two paperclip rust stains to the upper edge and two tape stains to the lower edge. About VG

MAUPASSANT GUY DE: (1850-1893) French Writer. A.L.S., Maupassant, two pages, 12mo, Paris, n.d., on his personal printed stationery, 10th rue de Montchanin, to an unidentified colleague, in French. Maupassant explains to his correspondent that he is was back to Paris and states `..I returned ill, have been four days in bed, then I went to Normandie, now back again and ready to travel tomorrow to the mount St. Michel, but back again next Wednesday..´, further saying `..Will you still be in Paris next week?…I intended to write the Swinburne preface while I was on my boat, but without your manuscript I could not work on it..´, and concludes `I am very busy these days, and ill, but ready to keep my promise. We should talk about this.´ A letter of good content. VG Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837-1909) English Poet, Playwright and Critic. A controversial figure of his time, sado-masochist and alcoholic, he wrote about taboo topics such as anti-theism, lesbianism or cannibalism. It has been reported that Swinburne and Maupassant met for the first time in France in 1868 when the English poet, drunk, was drowning in the Etretat sea and was rescued by a young Maupassant.