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SYNGE RICHARD L.M.: (1914-1994) British Biochemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1952. Manuscript D.S., R L M Synge, one page, 4to, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeenshire, 27th April 1953. Synge responds to a researcher's questionnaire entitled World Inquiry, with their questions at the head of the page, 1. Were your scientific “debut” easy or difficult? 2. Did means of living (another profession or a private income) enable you to make yourself known in science? Or did you live solely through your work of laboratory? 3. What work (or what discovery) made yourself more famous? Synge provides his answers immediately beneath, '1. I suppose rather easy. 2. Lived nearly entirely from laboratory work. 3. Invention of partition chromatography with A. J. P. Martin, 1941'. Synge also suggests the researcher consults Les Prix Nobel en 1953 for further information and apologises for the delay in replying. Some very light, extremely minor foxing and a few small, neat tears to the edges, otherwise VG

PRELOG VLADIMIR: (1906-1998) Croatian-Swiss Organic Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1975. Autograph Manuscript Signed, V. Prelog, two pages (feint squared graph paper), Copenhagen, 15th March 1972. Evidently originally part of a larger working scientific manuscript (with various corrections), perhaps for an essay or lecture, the text states, in part, 'Enantiomers differ only by the sign of their optical activity, whereas diastereoisomers, which can be optically active or inactive, differ also in other scalar properties…..All practically encountered cases of stereoisomerism could be interpreted by stereomodels, but the world of stereomodels itself has never been analyzed adequately. One of the reasons for that was the terrifying multiplicity of isomers and stereoisomers. Several times in the history of chemistry attempts have been made to find general algorithms…..The most famous contributions to mathematics are: the development of the theory of graphs called trees by Cayley, general enumeration theory by Polya, and recently the application of a neglected concept of group theory…..' Signed and dated by Prelog at the head of the first page. VG 

LIVINGSTONE DAVID: (1813-1873) Scottish Missionary & Explorer of Africa. D.S., David Livingston (an early example of his signature frequently used in the 1840s), one page, slim oblong 8vo, Kuruman, South Africa, 1st April 1842, being a manuscript cheque ordering Rev. Dr. Phillip in Cape Town to 'Eight days after sight please pay to John Maskell Esq or order, the sum of forty pounds Sterling, and place the same to the account of salary from the London Missionary Society'. With various annotations and endorsements to the recto and verso and a single ink stroke cancellation, partially running through a few letters of Livingstone's signature (although still perfectly legible). Some light creases and minor age wear, G David Livingstone's first posting as a missionary was at Kuruman in 1841

LIGUORI ALPHONSUS: (1696-1787) Italian Catholic Bishop, Canonized a Saint by Pope Gregory XVI in 1839. Liguori, one of the most widely read Catholic authors, was also a composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher and theologian, and is the patron saint of confessors. An extremely rare Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, four pages, 8vo, n.p., n.d., in Italian. The manuscript is in the form of a religious prayer in the hand of Liguori, in part, 'My God, You who are so full of love and mercy, please save us from evil'. The manuscript would appear to have been created for use in a mass, with certain sections missing which Liguori would seemingly have been able to recite from memory. To the left column of the final page appears an autograph declaration signed by Giuseppe Murrone, a priest in charge of the congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, confirming that the prayer is entirely in the hand of Liguori. Signed at Monterone and dated 22nd August 1836 (by which time Liguori had been beatified by Pope Pius VII, in 1816). A blind embossed paper seal is neatly affixed beneath Murrone's declaration. Some light overall damp staining, only very slightly affecting the text, which remains completely legible. G

TEUFEL ERASMUS VON: (c.1480-1552) Baron de Gundersdorf. Austrian General in the service of Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg who was present at the first siege of Vienna by the Turks and the Battle of Plastovcu in 1552. At the latter he was captured by Suleiman the Magnificent's forces and executed, apparently by being thrown to sea. An extremely rare D.S., Eras Teufel, one page, folio, n.p., 6th April 1546. The boldly penned manuscript document, in an unidentified hand and untranslated language, is signed by Teufel at the foot and apparently originated from the collection of the 19th century German philographer Carl Kunzel (1808-1877). Some light overall age wear and a few small, minor tears, creases and areas of paper loss to the edges, otherwise VG

BICKERTON RICHARD: (1759-1832) British Admiral, served as Second-in Command to Lord Nelson, 1804. An interesting L.S., R Bickerton, one page, folio, on board HMS Swiftsure, Bay of Aboukir, 21st March 1801, to the Masters of HMS Europa, Diadem and Regulus. Bickerton states that it has been brought to his attention by Captain Thomas Hand of the bomb vessel HMS Tartarus that 'there is a quantity of Bread on board the said Vessel in a mouldy state, and unfit for men to eat, and requesting a survey thereon', further instructing his correspondents to board the Tartarus and 'strictly and carefully survey the Bread complained of, but on no account condemn any part thereof unless totally unfit for use, as the difficulty in procuring supplies and the high price of every species of victualling renders it necessary to practise the utmost economy in the expenditure, such part of the said Bread however as appears in the state represented and a nuisance in the ship you are to see thrown over board into the sea'. To the verso appears the manuscript report individually signed by the three Masters of the vessels, given on board HMS Tartarus, 22nd March 1801, and stating, in part, 'Bread - Four hundred and thirty five Pounds, mouldy, maggoty, rotten, and unfit for men to eat, occasioned, in our opinions, from its having been wet with salt water, and it appearing to be a nuisance in the ship, we have seen the same thrown over board into the sea…..And we do further declare that we have made and taken this survey with such care, and equity, that if required we are ready to make oath to the impartiality of our proceedings'. Some light age wear and minor staining and a few small, neat splits at the edges, otherwise about VG The present letter was written and signed shortly after the British victory in the Battle of Abukir on 8th March 1801. The landing of the British expeditionary force was made with the intention of defeating and driving out the estimated 21,000 troops remaining from Napoleon's ill-fated invasion of Egypt. Each of the five ships HMS Swiftsure, Europa, Diadem, Regulus and Tartarus were involved in the British navy's Egyptian campaign from March to September 1801, resulting in their officers and crew being eligible for the clasp “Egypt” to the Navy General Service Medal which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.

EICHMANN ADOLF: (1906-1962) Nazi SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer, known as the 'architect of the Holocaust.' An extremely rare, lengthy and significant Autograph Manuscript Signed, with his initial E, four pages, folio, n.p. (Jerusalem), n.d. (c. June 1961), in German. The manuscript represents Eichmann's instructions, in seven numbered sections, to his Defence Attorney, Robert Servatius, ahead of the day's proceedings at the Jerusalem District Court during Eichmann's trial and state, in part, '1.) ….concerning the documents of the 24.6.61, pages 12 to 25, a) Factual inaccuracies b) Important things aren't mentioned at all, [in fact] important documents are ignored c) Namely the Lidice-issue is inside, but my compilation “special treatment” was not given to me by Dr. Wechtenbruch, because he believed “Lidice” didn't come in today yet. 2.) To save what can still be saved a) Please don't ask me about what I said about document 912 (testimony Sievers)…..it complicates the whole matter and resolves nothing…..Therefore today I am compelled to answer mostly by my own way. 3.) Please do not discuss the document 396….because it is hung in limbo without coherence; while the documents 1254 + 1255 (“According to the order RFSS the Jews are hanged”) are recorded as dropped. Why that???? It should be brought!!! 4.) Namely the “Lidice” instance is on turn, but instead and for nothing else I would need my special elaboration about the special treatment; Poles….Jews. Today I gave the file to Dr. Wechtenbruch, so he can incorporate it, but unfortunately it wasn't done; I shall get it back tomorrow. I couldn't have guessed, that “Lidice” wasn't [scheduled] for today because Dr. W. [withheld] my special treatment note, nevertheless for today no “program” remains and “Lidice” is scheduled for tomorrow…….6.) After these “preparations” I have the biggest concerns, because we didn't discuss this matter yet. Therefore I beg you, to ask me as few as possible…..I wish to skip “Lidice” (doc. 557 to 914) to skip “Ganzenmuller” (doc. 1253 + 1537) to skip “Execution” (doc. 1254 to 396) the only solution would be to schedule it for tomorrow. Because then the matter would be cohesive and [could be] discussed and submitted in more detail…..therefore to avoid giving the impression as if I want to hide something, when nothing is to hide. 7.) Doc. 1531….does not respond to that, what the indictment accused me in this regard. Namely if SS Leaders Burger and Linka (?) are my subordinates, as the indictment claims…..' Signed by Eichmann at the conclusion of the third page. The fourth page bears a further brief note (later crossed through) concerning documents numbered 1129 to 1140 which are in brown folder number 2. An exceptional document relating to one of history's most important war crimes trials which resulted in Israel's only judicial execution to date. Accompanied by a complete English translation. VG Robert Servatius (1894-1983) German Lawyer known for his defence of Nazi war criminals including Adolf Eichmann. Servatius was assisted at Eichmann's trial by the legal assistant Dieter Wechtenbruch. The Lidice Massacre took place in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now the Czech Republic) in June 1942 and saw the whole village destroyed on the orders of Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. The massacre was an act of reprisal for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich and the genocide totalled 340 deaths including 82 children who were later exterminated after having been transferred to the Chelmno concentration camp on the orders of Adolf Eichmann. During his trial Eichmann faced four counts of crimes against humanity against non-Jews, including his participation in the Lidice Massacre. He was found guilty for deportation of part of the population of Lidice, but not for the massacre itself.

[HITLER ADOLF]: (1889-1945) Fuhrer of the Third Reich 1933-45. An interesting series of leaves removed from an official ledger originally held in the Presidential Chancellery of the Fuhrer, twenty-eight pages, 4to, n.p. (Berlin), 1936-38. The partially printed pages, completed in manuscript in unidentified hands, provide details of individuals seeking audiences with Adolf Hitler including names, dates and filing numbers for the correspondence relating to the requests. Included amongst the entries are David Lloyd George (4th September 1936), Hermann Esser (12th October 1936), Lord Londonderry (30th October 1936), Lord Castlereagh and Lady Maureen Stanley (17th November 1936), Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (16th November 1936), Hjalmar Schacht (6th February 1937), Tullio Cianetti (20th February 1937), Konstantin von Neurath (25th February 1937), George Lansbury (5th April 1937), Pierre de Coubertin (10th April 1937), Leila Sokhey (23rd April 1937), R. B. Bennet (30th April 1937), Rudolf Carraciola & Manfred von Brauchitsch (27th July 1937), Aga Khan (27th July 1937), John Groth (11th August 1937), Albert Speer (12th August 1937), Rudolf Hess, Joseph Goebbels, Werner von Blomberg & Konstantin von Neurath (16th August 1937), Charles Bedaux (27th August 1937), Ichiro Hatoyama (10th October 1937), Edward, Duke of Windsor (22nd October 1937), Adolf Keller (21st March 1938), G. Ward Price of the Daily Mail (25th July 1938), Ahmed Hussein (9th August 1938), Italo Balbo (13th August 1938) and many, many others. The entries in red and black inks and with a few blank pages. File holes to the left edges of each page and with some light overall age wear, about VG An extremely rare contemporary record of the historic and controversial meeting between Edward, Duke of Windsor and Adolf Hitler on 22nd October 1937 at the Berghof. The minutes of the meeting appear to have been lost, presumed destroyed, during World War II.

MARAT JEAN-PAUL: (1743-1793) French Political Theorist, Scientist and radical Journalist during the French Revolution, advocating for basic human rights for the poorest, and publishing on his periodical L´Ami du Peuple (“The People´s Friend”). Marat was assassinated in 1793 and became a revolutionary martyr to the Jacobins. Extremely rare Autograph Manuscript in the hand of Marat, one page, clipped 6.5 x 1.5 piece, n.p.[Paris], n.d.[1792], in French. The document being part of the text for a pamphlet article by Marat, entitled “Tres humble suppliques aux Pères bonscrits qui n´ont rien contre ceux qui ont tout”, (“Very humble pleas addressed to the Peers who have nothing against those who have everything”), with one word crossed by Marat. The autograph manuscript states in part `On voit que nous regardons la constitution comme l´ouvrage des représentans(sic) vendus.. d´autre role a l´assemblée nationale que de lutter contre leur destruction et d´appuyer sottement les vues du cabinet.´, (“We can see that we look at the constitution as the work of corrupt representatives ... which is the exact truth; because the plan of the court to which they are sold to .. no other role in the national assembly than to fight against their destruction and to support foolishly the views of the cabinet.´ The clipped piece has been neatly and carefully affixed to a an oblong 4to page, and the document bears a small ink stamp, being the prestigious collection Crawford stamp provenance. G

[DUNDAS HENRY]: (1742-1811) 1st Viscount Melville. Scottish Politician who served as Secretary of State for War 1794-1801. Contemporary manuscript copy of Secret Intelligence, the original having been sent with a letter from Dundas dated 16th June 1798, four pages, folio, n.p., n.d. (1798). The secret intelligence report, in an unidentified hand, states, in part, 'A Monsr. Faujas de St. Fond (known as a man of letters before the Revolution) arrived at Frankfort a few days ago. He is employed by the French Government to make enquiries into subjects of natural History. The Abbe de Lisle is here likewise in his way to Brunswick, he was visited by Faujas…..who in conversation informed him that the Expedition from Toulon was certainly destined to Egypt, that it had long been in agitation; that Buonaparte had formed the plan……the army under Buonaparte consisted of 40,000 men, the elite of the French Troops, which would be gradually reinforced, and that all the principal officers in every Corps and Department of the Army were chosen by Buonaparte; that the project was, after having secured possession of certain parts of Egypt, to take the nearest route by Arabia, thro' Persia, cross the Indus nearly where Alexander did, and from thence advance into the British Territories……He observed that this enterprise embraced a number of great public objects, as well as many private views; that Buonaparte saw in it an ample field for gratifying his ambition and perhaps a prospect of establishing himself in some great and independent situation, which he could scarcely have done in Italy. Mr. Foujas pretended also that the projected Invasion of England was intended merely to create expense, excite apprehension, and cover this expedition so as to prevent the British Ministry from taking measures for the security of their Asiatic Dominions'. A few neat splits to the edges of some folds, only very slightly affecting a few words of text, G Barthelemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741-1819) French Geologist & Traveller.

[LOWE HUDSON]: (1769-1844) Anglo-Irish Soldier and Colonial Administrator, Governor of St Helena where he was the 'gaoler' of Napoleon Bonaparte. Contemporary Manuscript copy of an autograph letter by Lowe, in an unidentified clerk's hand, two pages, 4to, London, 19th October 1822, to the Duke of Wellington. The letter states, in part, 'I hope your Grace will excuse the liberty I take of addressing you, upon the following subject, which I cannot better explain than by inclosing copy of a letter (no longer present) I had before written to Earl Bathurst and also of his Lordship's reply (no longer present) suggesting the reference to your Grace. The object, as it will appear, is to obtain for the sisters of the late Colonel Sir William De Lancey the pensions which had been granted, in the first instance to his mother and sisters & afterwards given to his widow who having since died leaves the pension disposeable……since receiving Lord Bathurst's reply to my first application in their behalf Lady Lowe who is also a sister of the late Sir William De Lancey has received a letter from the eldest sister which places the claim in a much stronger point of view than I was aware of……' With blank integral leaf. Together with a contemporary manuscript copy of Wellington's letter of reply, one page, 4to, Verona, 10th November 1822, to Hudson Lowe ('My dear Sir Hudson'), stating, in full, 'I have received your application in favour of the sisters of the late Sir W. De Lancey and I have applied to Lord Liverpool that the pension enjoyed by his widow may be given to them'. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, minor age wear, otherwise VG, 2William Howe De Lancey (1778-1815) English Colonel who served during the Napoleonic Wars and died of wounds he received at the Battle of Waterloo. De Lancey and the Duke of Wellington were close allies and on the return of Napoleon Bonaparte from Elba, De Lancey was appointed deputy quartermaster-general of the army in Belgium, replacing Sir Hudson Lowe, whom Wellington disliked. Wellington was engaged in conversation with De Lancey on the battlefield when the Colonel received the wounds which ultimately led to his death. The Duke of Wellington described the events to Samuel Rogers such -  'De Lancey was with me and speaking to me when he was struck. We were on a point of land that overlooked the plain. I had just been warned off by some soldiers (but as I saw well from it, and two divisions were engaging below, I said "Never mind"), when a ball came bounding along en ricochet, as it is called, and, striking him on the back, sent him many yards over the head of his horse. He fell on his face, and bounded upwards and fell again. All the staff dismounted and ran to him, and when I came up he said, "Pray tell them to leave me and let me die in peace." I had him conveyed to the rear, and two days after, on my return from Brussels, I saw him in a barn, and he spoke with such strength that I said (for I had reported him killed), "Why! De Lancey, you will have the advantage of Sir Condy in 'Castle Rackrent'--you will know what your friends said of you after you were dead." "I hope I shall," he replied. Poor fellow! We knew each other ever since we were boys. But I had no time to be sorry. I went on with the army, and never saw him again' (from The Recollections of Samuel Rogers, 1856) One of De Lancey's two sisters, Susan, married Sir Hudson Lowe in December 1815.

[NAPOLEON BONAPARTE – THE LITTLE KNOWN FIRST WILL OF THE EMPEROR]: BERTRAND HENRI GATIEN (1773-1844) French General. Count Bertrand and Grand Marshal of the Palace. Bertrand was aide-de-camp to Napoleon I and the closest officer to the Emperor, who had full confidence in him. He served during the expedition to Egypt and the Battles of Austerlitz, Wagram, Leipzig and Waterloo and accompanied Napoleon I to Elba in 1814 and to St. Helena in 1815. Bertrand was condemned to death in 1816 but did not return to France until Napoleon´s death when King Louis XVIII granted his amnesty. In 1840 Bertrand went to St. Helena to bring Napoleon´s remains to France. An extremely rare and interesting Autograph Manuscript signed `C[om]te Bertrand´, two pages, 4to, Longwood, St. Helena, 2nd August 1819 and 12th December 1820, in French. Bertrand, the closest General to Napoleon in his last years, copies in full the letter he received from Napoleon I in 1819 with the Emperor´s first draft of his Last Will and Testament (predating his ultimate Will of 1821) and his instructions regarding his belongings. The autograph manuscript states, in part, loyally copying Napoleon´s letter, `My dear B[ertran]d, I send to you my codicil written in my hand in order that after my death you could claim everything that belongs to me here at St. Helene. You will dispose of it as follows. You will give half of my diamonds to Madame Bertrand and the other half to Madame de Montholon…´ Napoleon further asks Bertrand to give differing amounts of money to various individuals including Montholon, Marchand, St. Denis, Bertrand (receiving the greatest amount) and a few others, all of them the closest allies to Napoleon in his final years. The Emperor further states `You will keep my silverware, my weapons, my porcelain, my books…..for my son…´ further instructing `I will give you a letter this evening…with my instructions for the fund investment of a sum of 6.000.000, keep all this in order to be able to return them to me if it is convenient to me.´ Bertrand adds `2nd August Signed Nap. Written to the envelope To Count Bertrand, my grand Marshal…. Attached to a parcel stamped with 2 seals with coat of arms of the Emperor with the written text This is my will, written in my hand signed Napoleon…´ Marshal Bertrand adds `The Emperor gave me in the evening a parcel…. on which was written.. Bertrand will keep at my disposal or will open after my death.´ To the second page Bertrand adds an annotation, dated 12th December 1820, giving some more details about the instructions received from the Emperor. An extremely interesting historical document in the hand of Napoleon´s closest General in his last years at St Helena. Very small overall minor age wear with one crease to bottom left corner, otherwise VG The original copy of this first draft of Napoleon’s Last Will and Testament was burned, together with other documents, by Bertrand and Marchand in the afternoon of 19th April 1821 following Napoleon´s orders as his final, and more commonly quoted, Last Will and Testament had been completed.                                   Charles Tristan, Marquis de Montholon (1783-1853) French General during the Napoleonic Wars. He chose to go into exile on St. Helena with Napoleon I after the Emperor´s second abdication. Louis Joseph Narcisse Marchand (1791-1876) Count of the first Empire. Marchand was “Valet de chambre”of the Emperor, also during his captivity in St. Helena. Alongside Bertrand and Montholon, he was one of the three executors of Napoleon’s Last Will and Testament. Louis Etienne Saint-Denis (1788-1856) called by Napoleon Mameluke Ali his “French-born servant”. Napoleon required him to dress in the style of the Mamelukes. Saint-Denis went to Russia with Napoleon, joined Napoleon on Elba, returned to France for the “Hundred Days,” and accompanied Napoleon into exile on St. Helena, where he served as second valet and as Napoleon’s librarian. Saint-Denis was born at Versailles, where his father served King Louis XVI as an overseer of the royal stables. The Mamelukes were the slave horsemen of the Ottoman Empire. They became the rulers of Egypt. Napoleon was impressed by the Mamelukes’ courage and fighting skills. He formed a special Mameluke corps in the French army.

CATHOLIC MONARCHS: ISABELLA I OF CASTILE (1451-1504) Queen of Castile 1474-1504 & FERDINAND II OF ARAGON (1452-1516) King of Aragon 1479-1516 & as Ferdinand V King of Castile 1475-1504. Known as the Catholic Monarchs, they ruled jointly over the Kingdoms of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Sicily 1475-1504. They are recognized for laying the foundations for the political unification of Spain, and also for completing the Reconquista as well as their support and financing of Christopher Columbus´ voyage of 1492 which led to the opening of the New World. Very rare set of thirty manuscript pages of historical interest for the city of Madrid, including two Ls.S., the first signed by the Queen `Yo la Reyna´, one page, oblong small 4to, Valladolid, 29th December 1476, to Juan de Lujan; and the second individually signed by the Queen and the King `Yo la Reyna´ and `Yo el Rey´, one page, oblong 4to, Madrid, 9th April 1477, in old Castilian. In the first letter, signed by Isabella I of Castile, the Queen orders Juan de Lujan to meet Diego de Villa Nuño who will inform him about the good services he will be requested to achieve. In the second letter, the Catholic Monarchs appoint Juan de Lujan Knight of their Royal order with a very important anual allowance of 40.000 maravedis, and a reward of 15.000 maravedis of perpetual income, and in both cases for the important services to the Crown. The letters refer to the very important historical events occured in Madrid, when Joanna la Beltraneja, claimant to the throne of Castile, disputed Madrid to Isabella of Castile. The Catholic Monarchs paid Juan de Lujan and appointed him Knight when he betrayed Joanna la Beltraneja, leaving her military forces and joining the Duke of the Infantado who was commanding the Catholic Monarchs troops. After such betrayal, Madrid falled and was taken by Isabella and Fernando. The set includes documents related to the genealogical tree of the Lujan family of Madrid. Also including an autograph letter by Diego de Villa Nuño addressed to Juan de Lujan, requesting him on behalf of His Majesties to put himself at the orders of the Duke of the Infantado, who will explain to him what Good services he is expected to achieve. Also including copies of the wills of Juan de Lujan dated 1495, Rodrigo de Lujan 1546, Catalina de Lujan 1568, Maria de Lujan 1563 and Catalina de Lujan 1593. A set of exceptionally interesting historical content. The two main documents neatly stitched to the page and the entire contents stitched together at the left edge and the whole bound in vellum (largely detached at the spine). Some overall age wear, a few neat splits to the edges of some pages, and old water staining affecting the majority of the pages to varying degrees, the text however remaining completely legible. The vellum covers a little warped and the front with heavy staining, largely obscuring the original manuscript title, and with remnants of the original burgundy ribbons. GDiego Hurtado de Mendoza y Figueroa (1417-1479) Spanish Noble. 1st Duke of the Infantado. The title  was awarded to him by the Catholic Monarchs, Fernando II de Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, on 22 July 1475. This was one of the most important duchies in Spain Joanna la Beltraneja (1462.1530) Queen of Portugal 1475-81 as spouse of King Alfonso V, who was her uncle. Claimant to the throne of Castile. When her father Henry IV of Castile, although disputed, died, began the four-year War of the Castilian Succession. Joanna was supported by the King of Portugal and by the high Castilian nobility, and by descendants of Portugueses, including Archbishops and Dukes. On the other side Isabella was supported by Derdinand of Aragon, whom she married, and by mosto f Castilian nobility and clergy. In 1478 the marriage of Joanna and Afonso V was annulled by Pope Sixtus IV on grounds of consanguinity, ending her tenure as Queen of Portugal. She was also forced to renounce the title of Queen of Castile.In 1479, Alfonso renounced his pretension to the Castilian Crown and signed a treaty with Isabella and Ferdinand. Joanna was given a choice, either enter a convent, or marry Isabella's one-year-old son Juan when he came of age and if he then consented. Joanna chose to enter the Convent of Santa Clara in Coimbra, and the ceremony was witnessed by Isabella, who praised her decision. The present historical events are referred to in the work “La conquista de Madrid por el Duque del Infantado en 1476” by Carlos Saez and Salvador Cortes, volume II, pages 339 to 342, published by Al-Hayara editors.The Palace of Lujan still exists in the old Madrid and is a historical location that can be visited.

ISABELLA I OF CASTILE: (1451-1504) Queen of Castile 1474-1504. Catholic Monarch who ruled jointly with her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon as The Catholic Monarchs 1475-1504. They are recognized for laying the foundations for the political unification of Spain, and also for completing the Reconquista as well as their support and financing of Christopher Columbus´ voyage of 1492 which led to the opening of the New World. An exceptional manuscript letter, dated in 1483, signed by the Queen `Yo la Reyna´ ("I the Queen"), one page, oblong 4to, Miranda de Ebro, 2nd September 1483, to Sancho de Vergara, in old Castilian. The document bears at the heading the written text `The Queen´, stating below `Sancho de Vergara, I have discussed with Johan de Luxan, Knight of my Household, certain matters that he will share with you on my behalf. I do beg and trust you to fully believe him. Given at the town of Miranda de Ebro, 2nd of September 1483´. Countersigned at the base by Fernando Alvarez `As ordered by the Queen´. With a registration annotation to the verso, referring to the order given by the Queen and the matter related, being a lawsuit regarding property in the town of Corella, in Navarra. Only four months prior to our letter´s date, Castilian forces captured the last ruler of the Muslim Emirate of Granada, Muhammad XII, known as Boabdil, at the battle of Lucena. Overall age wear, with very slightly irregular edges, and very small toning, otherwise G

DE CAUMONT ANTOINE NOMPAR: (1632-1723) Duke of Lauzun. French Courtier and Soldier, the only love interest of 'the greatest heiress in Europe', Anne Marie Louise d'Orleans, Duchess of Montpensier. D.S., Antonein Nompar de Caumont, duc de Lauzun, one page (vellum), oblong 8vo, n.p., 4th June n.y. (1662?), in French. The manuscript document is a receipt in which the Duke of Lauzun acknowledges a payment of 3750 livres in relation to a rental. Countersigned by two individuals and with an official circular blank ink stamp to the upper edge featuring a coat of arms. Some very minor age wear and light creasing, otherwise VG Antoine Nompar de Caumont, whose ugliness seems to have exercised a certain fascination over many women, was due to marry the Duchess of Montpensier on 21st December 1670, however just days before her cousin, King Louis XIV, forbade the union. 

LOUISE OF ORLEANS: (1812-1850) First Queen of the Belgians as second wife of King Leopold I. Daughter of King of the French Louis Philippe I. Attractive manuscript autograph signed `Louise´, one page, oblong 8vo, Joinville, 4th May 1831, in English. The manuscript document being a cleanly written poem by the young Princess who copies nine lines of a Samuel Rogers´ work Italy, stating in English `Health and Strength be thine - In thy long travel! May no Sun beam strike - ….. And there is one, or am much deceived -  One thou hast named, who will not be the last.´ Given by the Princess as a present to the city of Joinville the day before leaving. Louise of Orleans died of tuberculosis at the early age of 38. About VG Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) English Poet. One of the most celebrated during his lifetime.

CHRISTIAN VII: (1749-1808) King of Denmark and Norway 1766-1808. D.S., Christian, as King, two pages, folio, Copenhagen, 10th December 1772. The manuscript document is untranslated although apparently relates to the Bishopric of Christiania (i.e. Diocese of Oslo) and features the names of Diderik Otto von Grambow (1732-1773; Norwegian Judge) and Frederik Nannestad (1693-1774; Norwegian Theologian, Author & Bishop). With a blind embossed paper seal affixed and also with an oval engraving of the King affixed at a later date. A few tears and minor paper chips to the upper edge, about VG

GUNTHER ANTON: (1583-1667) German Imperial Count, Count of Oldenburg 1603-67 and Count of Delmenhorst 1647-67. Two oblong 8vo portions neatly removed from a manuscript document, one bearing the signature of Gunther alongside a good dark red wax seal, dated at Oldenburg, 10th June 1650. Lightly tipped at the left edge to a 4to sheet and accompanied by several related newspaper clippings and a collector's brief biography etc. About VG

ERNST II: (1745-1804) Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 1772-1804. D.S., as reigning Duke, one page, folio, Gotha, 24th June 1799, in German. The manuscript document is addressed to the Duke's Chamber Councils and regards the inheritance of the spouse of Lotze zu Rada. With integral address leaf (small area of the lower edge neatly excised) and bearing a good red wax seal. VG 

FREDERICK WILLIAM: (1771-1815) German Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel and Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Oels. The Prince, known as The Black Duke, served as a military officer who led the Black Brunswickers against French domination in Germany. D.S., at the foot, one page, folio, 26th April 1815, in German. The untranslated manuscript document is a patent relating to Friedrich Stutzer. With a blind embossed seal and blank integral leaf. About VG 

WILHELM I: (1797-1888) King of Prussia 1861-88 and the first German Emperor 1871-88. D.S., Wilhelm, three pages, folio, Berlin, 14th March 1885, in German. The manuscript document relates to a Patent dated 5th October 1883 for Colonel Ernst v. Twardowski, Commander of the 1st Bodyguard Grenadier Regiment of Baden. Lightly tipped at the left edge to a card. Some light age wear, VG 

WILHELM II: (1859-1941) German Emperor & King of Prussia 1888-1918. D.S., Wilhelm R, three pages, folio, Muncheberg, 19th September 1888, in German. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript relates to a Patent for Lieutenant-Colonel von Podbielski, Commander of the 3rd Hussars regiment of Brandenburg. With a blind embossed seal. Lightly tipped at the left edge to a card. VG

FREDERICK: (1763-1827) Duke of York and Albany, son of King George III. Commander-in-Chief of the Forces 1795-1809. D.S., Frederick FM, one page (vellum), oblong folio, n.p., 25th July 1797. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a military commission appointing Scheider to be a Cornet in Hompesch's Chasseurs a Cheval. Signed by the Duke of York at the foot and countersigned by his two military secretaries Robert Brownrigg (1758-1833) British General who served as Governor of British Ceylon 1812-20, and Captain Edwin Hewgill (c.1761-1809). Some light overall age wear, about VG The Hompesch Hussars were an auxiliary French regiment of the British Army formed during the French Revolutionary Wars as part of the Armee des Emigres.  

GEORGE IV: (1762-1830) King of the United Kingdom 1820-30. D.S., George R, as King, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Court at Carlton House, 25th March 1824. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a military commission appointing John Austin to be a Major of the 97th Regiment of Foot commanded by Major General Sir James Lyon. Countersigned at the foot by Robert Peel (1788-1850) British Prime Minister 1834-35, 1841-46, who also served as Home Secretary 1822-27, 1828-30. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some very light, extremely minor mottling and a few minor traces of former mounting to the verso, VG

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain & Ireland 1837-1901.Autograph document wrapper signed ('The Queen'), addressed to the Lord Chancellor. Also with the Lord Chancellor's manuscript address, 'For the Queen, The Chancellor'. With a Gloucestershire Records Office stamp and ink reference and three small spindle holes to the centre. VG

MAHMUD II: (1785-1839) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1808-39. A large folio (20.5 x 29) manuscript document bearing the signature of Mahmud II, the text formed of over twelve lines of untranslated Ottoman Turkish. Some light overall foxing and wear to the faults, resulting in several small holes. About G 

BACARDI EMILIO: (1844-1922) Emilio Bacardi Moreau. Cuban Industrialist and Politician. Bacardi managed the Bacardi Rum Company and served as the first democratically elected Mayor of Santiago de Cuba. He was nicknamed “Cuba´s foremost son”. T.L.S., Emilio Bacardi, signed twice, to both pages, two pages, 4to, Santiago de Cuba, 15th March 1902, on the Santiago de Cuba Town Hall printed stationery, to the Municipality Doctor Antonio Reyes Zamora, in Spanish. The typed letter states `Please go to Mr. Luis Artigas´ home and inform me about his health situation´. Signed by Bacardi in his capacity as Mayor of Santiago. Beneath his signature the document bears a four lines annotation in the hand of the doctor, explaining that Mr. Artigas was absent, and according to the neighbour he is fine now. At the base of the front page and to the verso bearing a second manuscript annotation in the hand of a Town Hall clerk, stating `According to the previous report, and considering that Mr. Artigas do not attend his office post for more than a month, we declare him unemployed until the Town Hall authority will resolve.´ Signed by Bacardi at the base a second time. Also bearing two Santiago Town Hall ink stamps. Paper with watermark showing a coat of arms above the word Cuba. Few very small tears to the bottom edge, with left edge trimmed with small pinholes as a result of former filing. G Emilio´s father, Facundo Bacardi, founded in 1862 the Bacardi Rum Company. Although Facundo went into bankruptcy, his elder son Emilio upon his return from Spain where he received literary and political instruction, started occupying an important role in the company. Over the 1870s to 1890s years Emilio became a business magnate as well as a subversive political activist. In 1877 he became President of the company which continued to grow under his leadership. Emilio Bacardi was repeatedly arrested and imprisoned for helping rebels and for his resistance against the Spanish Empire occupancy of Cuba. Emilio´s reputation distinguished him as an honest public server. The Bacardi company kept on growing into today´s International Corporation, Bacardi Limited.

KORNGOLD ERICH WOLFGANG: (1897-1957) Austro-Hungarian born American Composer, Academy Award winner. Small A.M.Q.S., ´Erich Wolfgang Korngold´, in pencil, one page, to a 6 x 5 page removed from an autograph album, Vienna, [December 1948?]. Korngold has penned a rather hurried one bar autograph manuscript quotation which he identifies as from his Opera Violanta (1916). VG 

ROSSINI GIOACHINO: (1792-1868) Italian Composer. Rare A.M.Q.S., Gioachino Rossini, one page, oblong folio manuscript paper, Florence, 3rd June 1853. In bold dark fountain pen ink, Rossini has neatly penned a quotation for piano forte comprising ten bars of music across two staves, with small annotations, which he identifies as A[ndanti]no. Signed and dated by the composer immediately beneath the quotation. The document bears a watermark. Some light creasing and minor overall age wear, VG

PONCHIELLI AMILCARE: (1834-1886) Italian Composer. Best remembered for his opera La Gioconda (1876) based on a play by Victor Hugo. An exceptional and rare M.S., `Ponchielli´, seven pages, oblong folio (12 x 9) stave paper, n.p., n.d. Signed by Ponchielli to the heading of the front page. The full autograph working manuscript is in the hand of Ponchielli and corresponds to the complete score of his work Dio Amore as he entitles to the heading. He also annotates to the front page heading `Parole di Silvio Pellico´ (“Words by Silvio Pellico”). Ponchielli has penned over 90 bars of music, on three staves, adding tempos alongside and the Romanza voice text beneath the musical notes, bearing also multiple annotations, crossed words and amendments. Attractively bound within modern decorative boards featuring sea horses and with a gilt stamped leather title to the front. Small overall minor age wear and staining otherwise VG Dio Amore! is a work for choir and pianoforte by Ponchielli, opus 277. Musical critics have widely commented about this Romanza that it highlights the innate sense of Ponchielli's theatre as well as his uncommon lyrical vein.Silvio Pellico (1789-1854) Italian Writer, Poet and Patriot active in the Italian unification.

Orwell [George]: Nineteen Eighty-Four The Facsimile of the Extant Manuscript, edited by Peter Davison, pub Secker & Warburg, London, 1984, dj; The Best of Punch Cartoons, six titles by John Betjeman, Ronald Searle and Lawson Wood satirical humour books. (17)

Osteology.- Albinus (Bernhard Siegfried) Icones ossium foetus humani. Accedit osteogeniæ brevis historia, first edition, 32 engraved plates by Jan Wandelaar, title in red & black, Leiden, Verbeek, 1737; Index supellectillis anatomicae, Leiden, Mullhovium & Schuyl, 1725, together 2 works in 1, very light occasional spotting or browning, contemporary Dutch vellum, manuscript lettering to spine, light marking or spotting to covers, 4to.⁂ First edition of this classic work on osteology. Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) was a German-born Dutch anatomist, particularly known for his descriptions of the bones, illustrated in the work with great detail. Bound together with Albinus' Index, a list of the anatomical instruments which the very learned Johannes Jacobus Rau bequeathed to the Batavian Academy at Leiden.

Ridley (Mark) A Short Treatise of Magneticall Bodies and Motions, first edition, second issue with X3 cancelled and containing errata, with first and last blanks, engraved architectural title by Elstrack showing planets and scientific instruments, engraved portrait on a4v, woodcut initials, head-pieces and printer's device at end, 21 engraved and one woodcut diagrams and illustrations, some full-page, one with volvelle (pasted down), damp-stained throughout with purple mildew but stabilised and restored, a few minor tears and repairs (mostly marginal), resewn and recased in old vellum wrapper (part of a contemporary manuscript indenture), also stained, [Honeyman VI 2649; Sabin 71297; STC 21045.5], small 4to, Nicholas Okes, 1613.⁂ An important work in the history of experimental science in England, and the most important work on magnetism after William Gilbert's De magnete. "Ridley gives directions for carrying out experiments on the lodestone, magnet, and terrella. He includes numerous engravings and descriptions of his improved instruments for determining the declination of the magnetic needle and for making use of the inclinatory needle for finding position at sea" (ODNB). There is also a map showing New England, Virginia, and Terra Australis.

Reptiles.- Topsell (Edward) The History of Serpents, woodcut title vignette of a child being swallowed by a boa, woodcut illustrations, reinforced at inner edge and with manuscript alteration pasted over part of title, some light soiling or browning, a few stains, small hole to Nnn4 with loss of a couple of letters and affecting woodcut of crocodile, Ttt3 with small portion lacking from upper margin with loss to head-line, a few minor marginal tears and repairs, old ink inscriptions to front free endpaper, modern half calf, [Nissen 4147; Wing G624], folio, by E. Cotes, 1658.⁂ The second part only (of 3, pp.591-818) of Topsell's The History of Four-footed Beasts and Serpents of 1658 (second edition), with its own separate title but amended in manuscript to read "...Or, The Book of living Creatures" instead of "...Or, The second book of living Creatures". It covers bees & wasps, chameleons, crocodiles, dragons, frogs & toads, lizards, scorpions, spiders, and tortoises as well as snakes.

Music.- Blanchet (Armand François Nicolas) Méthode Abrégée pour Accorder le Clavecin et le Forte-Piano, 13pp., first edition, title with woodcut ornament and author's address supplied in manuscript with printed address on verso crossed out, 2 folding engraved plates of keyboards, stitched, 8vo, Paris, Lacloye, 1801.⁂ Early manual dealing with harpsichord and piano tuning. The first plate shows the keyboard of both instruments, the second the piano wrest plank strung with steel and copper. The Blanchet family had been harpsichord makers since the end of the seventeenth century, becoming makers of the King's harpsichords in the 1750s; they also produced some of the first pianos to be made in Paris. Library Hub lists only 3 UK copies (BL, Senate House Library, and University of Edinburgh).

Economics.- Necker (Jacques) A very good sammelband of c.60 printed works, a manuscript, and engraved plates by or relating to Necker, including Necker (Jacques) Compte rendu au roi...Au mois de Janvier 1781. Imprimé par ordre de sa Majesté, engraved folding frontispiece and a plate ('Allégorie du Compte rendu au Roi par N.Necker en 1781'), 2 folding hand-coloured engraved maps, folding letterpress table, frontispiece and plate trimmed within image, the former with split at fold, 1776-1781; [Reply to a Remonstrance], manuscript in French, 18pp., closely trimmed at head, [late 18th century]; and Hospice de Charité, title and woodcut royal arms within woodcut borders, woodcut head- and tail-pieces, Paris, Royal Printers, 1780, some spotting, light staining and browning, modern calf, gilt, spine in compartments and with burgundy leather label, 4to

Type Specimen.- Thieme (Carl Albert) Letterproef der Boekdukkery, only edition, 43 plates of specimens of type, scripts, music, ornaments, numbers, symbols, coats-of-arms, vignettes, and masonic decorations, contemporary ink signature "L.H.Eberson" to title, original printed boards with decorative border, title on upper cover, printing press on lower, spine lettered in manuscript, rubbed, joints a little worn, [Not in Bigmore & Wyman], folio, Arnhem, 1830.⁂ Rare printer's type specimen showing the range of types and ornaments in a Dutch printing house in the early nineteenth century. The firm was founded by Herman Carel Anton Thieme of Wesel in Germany in 1792, and was continued by his four sons in Arnhem and Zutphen. Carl Albert was his grandson and operated as a bookseller, printer and publisher. WorldCat records only 5 copies, all in the Netherlands.

Medieval Seal Matrices.- Collection of c. 45 Medieval Seal Matrices, including: bronze circular seal matrix inscribed "Sigill Willi Fili Sewardi" surrounding indeterminate decoration, 45x40mm., [?12th century]; and c. 45 other medieval seal matrices, mostly lead and bronze and with devices of religious designs, floral designs, animals etc., some designated with names, many with short manuscript notes of provenance, found in various counties, v.s., v.d., [12th - 15th centuries] (c. 45 pieces).

Medieval Seal Matrices.- Collection of c. 45 Medieval Seal Matrices, including: lead oval seal matrix inscribed Ralph Mauleverer surrounding indeterminate decoration, 43 x 34mm., [?13th century]; and c. 45 other medieval seal matrices, mostly lead and bronze and with devices of religious designs, floral designs, animals etc., some designated with names, many with short manuscript notes of provenance, found in various counties, v.s., v.d., [13th - 15th centuries] (c. 45 pieces).⁂ First mentioned found near St Martin of Tours Church, Detling, Kent on the Pilgrims Way.

Medieval Seal Matrices.- Collection of 6 Medieval Seal Matrices, including: Bronze vesica seal matrix inscribed in Latin ("St Mary pray for the servant") surrounding an image of Madonna and Child, 30x20mm., in good condition, [14th century]; and 5 other medieval seal matrices, mostly lead and bronze and with devices of religious designs, floral designs and animals etc., some designated with names, many with short manuscript notes of provenance, found in various counties, v.s., v.d., [14th - 15th centuries] (6 pieces).

Gratian (jurist). Single leaf from Decretum, manuscript in Latin, in a compressed university gothic hand, in red and black ink, double column, red and blue initials, extensively glossed in margins and with a fingerpost, prickholes, chapter number and letter markers by the glosser in left margin, recovered from a binding, 1 page heavily abraded with surface wear and loss of text, other page with slight surface wear at tail still legible, one margin and lower edge cut, 4 holes and several smaller holes, 312 x 220mm., [?Paris], [c. 1250].

16th century Almanac.- Erra Pater (pseudonym) The Prognosticacion for ever of Erra Pater, manuscript in Tudor English, in a cursive hand, on paper, 56pp., wormholes in text with some loss of words particularly affecting 15ff. along inner margins, last three ff. with holes and some loss of text, very small fragment of an early medieval manuscript "[do]minus cum potenti[a]" laid down on inner wooden board, bound with 5 vellum ff. at beginning and 7 vellum ff. at end (some with 19th century juvenile scribbling), bound in a 14th century medieval blind-stamped vellum over wooden boards, extensively worn but still durable, upper cover wooden board split in two, later circular ink stamp on lower cover of a library at Ulm, remains of brass clasps, 110 x 83mm., [England], [c. 1580s].⁂ An extremely rare survival. No other 16 century manuscript of this work has been traced. First printed as "The pronostycacyon for euer of Errer Pater: A Jewe borne in Jewery, a Doctour in Astronomye and Physicke. Profytable to kepe the bodye in helth...", Robert Wyer, [?1540]. Text starting: "As I find in Astronomie ther bee four manner of cholours in mans boddie complections", and ending with the section, "The saying of [Erra Pate]r to the Husband[man]", and without the last two sections published in other versions, "Heerafter followeth the Reignes of the Kings of England...", and, "A rule to know when the Termes begin and end, with their Returnes... " Perhaps the above manuscript is copied from the "after 1582" edition. The Prognostication is a compilation of astrological medical advice "that hath dominion of the bodie of man" and a predictor of the weather during the various seasons. This fictional author was extremely popular during the Tudor period and continued to be published, with additions, into the 18th century."Here hee sheweth of all the dismall or perilous daies that cometh in the yeare... Masters of Astronomie and visick that this crafte first found telleth the most perilous and most dangerous daies in the yeare - In which if ann mann or woman bee let bloud of wounde or vein they shall die wthin xvi daies following... ."Provenance: Found by the present vendor in the walls of an old house.

Taxation without Parliamentary consent.- Davies (Sir John, lawyer and poet, attorney-general for Ireland, bap. 1569, d. 1626) An Argument Uppon the question of Impositions Divided in to Severall Chapters, manuscript, 7pp. only (List of Contents with 33 chapter headings), later manuscript title, slightly soiled, browned throughout, unbound, folio, [c. 1620].⁂ First part of a work first published in 1656, years after the death of the author. The Bodleian Library has a similar, complete manuscript, MS. Add. A. 116, of 95 leaves. The work is "on the prerogative right to levy impositions without parliamentary consent, building his argument on the Roman-law concept of ius gentium, or the law of nations... ." - Oxford DNB.

Restoration of Charles II.- Public Act by Richard Aylworth declaring his allegiance to Charles II in return for a free pardon as prescribed in the Declaration of Breda, D.s. "John Barnard", manuscript on vellum, 1p., remains of red wax seal, slightly soiled, 101 x 154mm., 8th June 1660.⁂ A prominent Parliamentarian takes the oath of allegiance to Charles II. "These are to Certify yt Richard Aylworth of Aylworth in the County of Gloucester Esquier did as his publike Act before me declare his humble acceptance of and his laying hold upon the King's Majesties grace and favour in his tender of a Free Pardon to all his subjects in his said Majesties late Declaration read in the House of Comons... Witness my hand and Seale this eighth of June 1660 John Barnard."Captain Richard Aylworth (d. 1661), Parliamentary Governor of Sudeley Castle during the Civil War. He served at the siege at Malmesbury in 1644, and had a prominent role in stopping the kings army at Stow from reinforcing King Charles' army at Oxford, thus effectively ending the Civil War.. In 1646 he claimed that he had spent large sums in the service of Parliament and by 1656 his financial difficulties were said to have ruined his family.

17th century Grand Tour to Italy.- Boyle (Robert, natural philosopher, 1627-91) .- Finch (Sir John, physician and diplomat, 1626-1682) & Sir Thomas Baines (1622x4-80), physician.- [Southwell (Sir Robert, diplomat and government official, 1635-1702)] Commonplace Book & Diary, autograph manuscript, in English and Latin, 129pp. (1 page torn in half), mostly in one hand, 6pp. at end in ?another hand (probably the companion mentioned in the manuscript), slightly browned, bound in the remains of a 17th century vellum indenture, creased and soiled, 187 x 99mm., 1660. ⁂ Southwell's commonplace book of his travels in Italy in 1660, specifically in Genoa, Livorno, Padua and Bologna. Included is a copy letter of credit from James Stanier (d. 1663), a London merchant to Henry Mellish and Henry Browne (secretary to Sir John Finch) organising £100 to be available to Southwell at Livorno and further "letters of Credit" for him to draw upon in Rome.Robert Boyle. Boyle was a friend of Southwell's who sponsored his election as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1662. "Ice in Summer. Boyle watter and putt it into an Earthin pott luted, and fling it into a well 3 hours after take it up brake yr pott & you have Ice. Salt or salt Peter... salt & Potters clay makes a plaister but I suppose Mr Boyles wax & brick better... ."Sir John Finch & Sir Thomas Baines. John Finch and Thomas Baines met each other as undergraduates at Christ's College, Cambridge and became lifelong companions. The two young men travelled to Italy and studied medicine at the University of Padua, becoming influential in Italian society. When Southwell visited them in 1660, they introduced him to Ferdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany who shared an interest in medical and scientific matters. In the above manuscript Southwell makes numerous notes of Finch and Baines gossip and medical advice, "Dr. Finch & Dr. Banes told me ye G. Duke being with his brother in law in Germany ye Duke of Hensbruck who sed he had men invulnerable ye Duke sed bring me 3 & I will give them honour & lands in Tuscany. 3 came one opened his breast stood firm... made one shoot him, wch went through ye buttocks whereat he sed Princes has Priviledge, but in fire comes one black & blew yt had been shott... ."Other notes and observations include: "... entring the Dukes Phisick garden..."; "On a dissection of an Anatomy by Molduet at Padoa"; "The Marriage at Parma... The Duchess was mett by 40 coaches... The Comedy was an ordinary verse of Mackevelady"; "Ignatius Loyola"; "Sr Lewis Dives [Sir Lewis Dyve, 1599-1669), royalist army officer] speaking of Bacon sed he was accus'd of borrowing from others... he told me I verily believe for on occasion I have writt some things, wch 5 years after in ye same manner I have mett printed in a booke"; lists of books bought in Italy and a note of the title at beginning of Vincenzio Viviani's work, De Maximis, Et Minimis Geometrica Divinatio In Quintum Conicorum Apollonii Pergæi Adhuc Desideratum, Florence, 1659, which Southwell did much to promote in England. Southwell also makes notes on Heneage Finch, first earl of Nottingham (1621-82), lord chancellor, Sir John Finch's brother and the enormous wealth of a relative by marriage, Sir Daniel Harvey (1631-72), English merchant who traded with the Levant and a relation of William Harvey (1578-1657), physician and discoverer of the circulation of the blood.Vincenzio Viviani (1622-1703), mathematician and philosopher to the Grand Ducal Court in Tuscany.

Scotland.- Porteous (John, army officer and victim of crowd violence, c. 1695-1736).- [Examinations of the Witnesses Before the House of Lords in the Inquiry into the Murder of Captain Porteous], manuscript, 94pp. excluding blanks, printed Act of Parliament, "An Act to disable Alexander Wilson... any Office or Place of Magistracy", 2ff. of manuscript with holes slightly affecting text, slightly browned, William Roughead's copy with his bookplate on front pastedown, 20th century buckram, gilt label on upper cover, discoloured, Pro Patria watermark, folio, 1736.⁂ Porteous was appointed captain of the city guard of Edinburgh in 1726. "On 14 April 1736 a condemned smuggler, Andrew Wilson, was taken to be executed in the Grassmarket. After Wilson was hanged, perhaps because of concern about a possible rescue, Porteous asked, but was denied, permission to cut the body down early. A few minutes later when the hangman tried to remove Wilson's body the crowd began to stone the city guard and, in the confusion, the corpse was cut down and rushed off with a view to attempted resuscitation." (Oxford DNB). Porteous then ordered his guard to fire on the crowd. For this he was arrested and tried and condemned for murder. He was lynched and hanged the night before his judicial execution.Provenance: "These examinations were printed for the first time in the Trial of Captain Porteous, by William Roughead W.S. Appendix XII. (Notable Scottish Trials Series, Edinburgh: 1909.)" William Roughead (1870-1952), writer on Scottish criminal trials.

Cookery recipes.- [?Appleby (J., ?housekeeper, of Wootton House, Laceby, Lincolnshire)] [Collection of recipes], manuscript in several hands, 54pp., 1f. cut at head with loss, last f. loose, browned, later pencil inscription on front pastedown: "Appleby Wootton House 1756... 1786... 1801", inner hinges broken but joints firm, original vellum, yellowed and soiled, folio, [18th century].⁂ Recipes include: "To make Calfs head hash"; "To make Isenglas Flumery"; "how to make Coffe Cakes"; "To make Tea Biskits"; "To make Puff Poste"; "To make Ginsbread Drops"; "To Dress hogs feet & ears the best way"; "Mrs Neesby To make a white frigesy of Rabbits"; "Amber greese"; "To make Almond Hedge hog"; "A Receipt of ye late Dockter Ward, for a sore throat which may be depended on as genuine" etc.Provenance: 19th century note: "Copied from the Marriage Register of Wootton Parish Church. John Nicholson of... Laceby and Mary Atkinson of... Wootton were married.... One thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty One... In the presence of J. Appleby... ."

Recipe Book.- Collection of domestic recipes, manuscript, 81pp. excluding blanks, 9pp. newspaper cuttings laid down and a 4pp. pamphlet "The Foundling" tipped-in, 6ff. at beginning loose, slightly browned, original vellum, slightly yellowed and soiled, 8vo, 1776-1826.⁂ Recipes include: "Strops for Razors"; "Black Writing Ink"; "Composition for making Moulds from Medals"; "Mr Gossetts Composition of Wax imitating Ivory"; "Wash-Balls"; "Lip Glue for extemporaneously Cementing Paper, Silk, Thin Leather &c."; "Shaving Powder"; "To mend craked Glasses"; "Mead"; "Orange Wine"; "Blew enamel" etc.

Spanish play.- Saynete nuevo muy Chistoso de los veinte y nueve Fueras. Para quatro hombres y dos Mugeres, manuscript, 29pp., a few corrections and additions, stitched, 8vo, no place, [late 18th century].⁂ We could trace no printed version of this text.

Maritime exercise book.- The Mariner's Compass [first title], manuscript in an Italic hand, 106pp., pen and ink diagram of the mariner's compass and a full-page chart of coastline, and numerous geometric diagrams, small tear in inner margins of rear half of volume, compass at beginning soiled, some other light dust-soiling and few marks, slightly browned, 20th century marbled boards, spine detached, sm. folio, n.d. [c. 1800].⁂ Various exercises, including: "plane sailing"; "traverse sailing"; "middle latitude sailing, Mercators sailing"; "oblique sailing"; "current sailing"; "of tides"; "rules for correcting the dead reckoning"; "rules for keeping a journal"; "a journal of a voyage from London to Madera and Teneriffe in the Frances of London, William Johnson Commander kept by Joseph Mills, Mate"; "the manner of surveying the coasts and harbours" etc.

Wales, Pembrokeshire.- [Campbell (Matthew, Collector of Customs at Pembroke, 1763-1823)] Accounts Book & Diary, autograph manuscript, in English and Greek, 150pp. excluding blanks (133pp. in ink, 17pp. in pencil), ruled in red, slightly browned, new endpapers, original vellum, slightly soiled, brass clasp, housed in a modern cloth box, 8vo, 1818-21.⁂ Mentions General Adams, Letitia Lord, Lord Cawdor, Campbell's wife Anne, and his sister Harriet. Also places visited including Pembroke, Carmarthen, Holyland, Lydstep, Stackpole etc. Campbell inspected boats and their cargoes coming in and going out of the North and South Quays, plus other inlets and harbours around South Pembrokeshire.

Northumberland.- Harley (Edward, fifth Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, 1773-1848).- A Survey of Several Baronies, Manors, Townships Ec. lying and being in Northumberland belonging to... Edward, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, manuscript, title and 93pp., signature of Amea Bell at tail of title, 1821 bound with Book referring to a Plan of that part of Bothal Barony in the County of Northumberland; belonging to... the Duke of Portland..., title and 53pp., Surveyed in 1779 & 1780, first title with pink stain, front endpapers and some blank ff. at end also stained, original half calf, covers loose, rubbed and stained, folio.⁂ Provenance: "This is a faithful copy of a M.S. bearing the above Title, and now in the possession of Mr John Fenwick, Attorney at Law, Newcastle. Newcastle. June 16th. 1821."

Anti-Slavery.- Babington (Mary, wife of Sir James Parker, judge, 1803-52, daughter of Thomas Babington, philanthropist, politician and anti-slavery campaigner, of Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, 1758-1837, 1799-1858) Diary & Commonplace Book, autograph manuscript, 237pp. excluding blanks, some written crossways, slightly browned, original straight-grained red morocco, gilt, edges slightly rubbed, g.e., 120 x 100mm., 1826. ⁂ "Jan. y 20 [1826] We have been attending the Anti Slavery meeting which was very interesting." - Mary Babington.Filled with much introspective prose and poetry, some of a romantic nature. Babington records a visit to London, the death of close friends, and some of Thomas Babington's poetry, including: ""On the marriage of a Sister to a friend 1784 March 1 by Papa."

Royal Navy.- Malcolm (George John, Rear-Admiral, 1830-84) Log of the Proceedings of H.M.S... Inconstant... Curacoa... Firebrand..., autograph manuscript, titles and c. 380pp., numerous monochrome wash watercolour slips of coasts and pen and ink maps (including a map of Pernambuco, Brazil), slightly browned, original calf, repaired, folio, 1842-46.⁂ Places visited include: Spain (Tarifa), Straits of Gibraltar, Funchal (Madeira), west coast of Africa, Brazil (Pernambuco), Uruguay ("Plan of the Harbour of Monte-Video") and Argentina (Buenos Ayres Mole").Malcolm was the eldest son of Sir Charles Malcolm (1782-1851), naval officer. He followed in his father's footsteps, serving in the Royal Navy for his entire career and becoming Rear Admiral in 1882. His long naval career took him to North and South America, the West Indies, the Baltic, the English Channel, Egypt, and the East Coast of Africa. After he retired from active service in 1873, he entered the Turkish services as Pasha and was employed at Constantinople as Director General of the Abolition of the Slave Trade and Judge of the Slave Courts.

Erotica.- Tragedie de Foutimasse, manuscript, 42pp., ?author's working copy, with corrections, final f. torn with some loss of text, a few tape repairs, spotting and staining, stitched, 8vo, no place [?Paris], [c.1850].⁂ An overtly erotic play, set in the capital of 'Baisemon', with protagonists including Vaginette, Conasse, Coulefort and Couille au cul. We can trace no printed version of this text.

Heraldry.- [Morant (Alfred William, FSA, antiquary, heraldry enthusiast and engineer, completed "The Ordinary of British Armorials" after the death in 1870 of his cousin John Papworth, 1828-81)] [Arms of the Knights of the Order of the Garter], autograph manuscript, 12pp., 684 numbered shields (printed in outline) with manuscript captions of which c. 480 with completed coats on 57pp. with accompanying autograph manuscript notes on tipped-in slips, most in ink, a few in pencil, extra-illustrated with the insertion of 16 pen and ink drawings of coats of arms, banner, badges of the Order of the Garter etc. on tracing paper, 19 engraved prints & 2 ALs.s. from J.R. Planche and T.W. King, College of Arms all tipped-in or laid down, slightly browned, bookplates of A. W. Morant, Henry J.B. Clements and Stansfield on front endpapers, contemporary morocco-backed marbled boards, slightly rubbed, upper joint splitting at head, gilt spine, folio, letter dated 1862.⁂ (1). ALs from James Robinson Planché (1796-1880), playwright and herald, discussing Thomas Cromwell's Garter plate (2). ALs from Thomas William King (1801-72), regarding the Garter plate of Henry Ratcliff.Provenance: Part of a lot from the library of H.J.B. Clements, Killadoon, Co. Kildare, Sotheby's, London, 1966.

American Civil War.- Milton Wood (Nathaniel) Violence & Mourning, manuscript, 32pp., occasional neat underlining in orange and blue pencil, disbound, small 4to, Lewiston, ME, 1864.⁂ A eulogy for Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Boothby, 1st Maine Cavalry, who died of wounds on 6th June, 1864, which were received while in command of the advance at Beaver Dam Station, Virginia, on 10th May, 1864. Includes much political commentary.

Churchill & Tanks.- Crompton (Rookes Evelyn Bell, FRS, engineer, 1845-1940) Proof of Evidence [at the Tank Inquiry held at Lincoln's Inn in 1919], typescript with manuscript corrections, 19pp., folio, 15th September 1919; and a collection including a printed copy of the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventions... Lincoln's Inn... 1919 and other papers and correspondence relating to Crompton's career, slightly browned, v.s., various dates &1919 & 1925-35 (qty).⁂ "... I had been acting as the Consulting Engineer to the Road Board... and had done... work in connection with Mechanical Transport... so that Colonel Dumble... informed Mr. Churchill through Major Hetherington that he strongly advised that I should be called in to assist by my advice the Admiralty Committee which had been formed by Mr. Churchill to report on what could be done to deal with the problems of trench warfare by putting at the disposal of the Army large moving forts armoured to a sufficient extent, and to carry men and guns up to over and through the enemy's trenches." - Crompton.

Churchill (Sir Winston Spencer) & T. E. Lawrence.- Coote (Capt. M. H.) A Collection of material relating to Churchill and Lawrence, including printed books by and about them, loose photographs, photograph albums, and a typed diary, v.s., v.d., 1920-1968 (qty)⁂ Archive includes: (1). Photograph album of the Middle East, with shots of Ismalia, Suez, Alexandra, Bethlehem and Jaffa, 96 black & white or sepia photographs mounted on 24 leaves, each c.60 x 105mm, most captioned by hand, including 2 loosely inserted, original cloth, lightly rubbed, 4to, c.1920.(2). Photograph album of the Churchills travelling round Egypt and the Middle East, including captioned photographs of 'Winston painting outside Cairo', 'Mrs Churchill mounting a camel, WSC watching anxiously', 'WSC making a speech at British military cemetery, Easter 1921', 'Col Lawrence & Gertrude Bell', 31 black & white or sepia photographs on 9 leaves, each c.60 x 105mm, most captioned by hand, including a copy of the Bell/Lawrence photograph (laid down on endpaper, see (6.) & (7.)), original cloth, very lightly rubbed, 4to, c.1920. (3). Syndicated Photograph of Churchill, Gertrude Bell, T. E. Lawrence, and M. H. Coote, and others, on camels in front of the Great Pyramids and the Sphynx, 172 x 229mm, handling creases, 1921. (4). Coote (Capt. Maxwell H.) Typescript diary on Coote's experiences with Churchill during the Cairo conference, 52 pp. on recto only, occasional minor corrections in ink, ink ownership signature to front endpapers, bookplate of Coote's wife to pastedown, original cloth, gilt, very lightly rubbed at extremities, 4to, 1921. (5). Coote (Capt. Maxwell H.) Flying Logbook, printed pages with manuscript insertions, 50pp., 2 typewritten combat reports loosely inserted, original wrappers bound in, contemporary half calf, gilt; and 2 other logbooks, 8vo. (6). Collection of loose photographs or negatives, including: Winston Churchill painting on easel in Cairo; portrait of Gertrude Bell and T. E. Lawrence sitting together, views of Gaza and reception at the government house in Gaza, printed photographs or original negatives, 160 x 120mm or smaller; and 2 others, v.s., v.d.The second is believed to be the only photograph of Lawrence and Bell together, taken by Coote. (7). Lawrence (A. W., editor) T. E. Lawrence by His Friends, original cloth, spine gilt, 8vo. Includes published photograph of Bell and Lawrence together, taken by Coote, with his manuscript note below: "this photo (the only one of T.E. and Gertrude), taken by M. H. C.".(8). Churchill (Sir Winston Spencer) Painting as a Pastime, photograph of Churchill painting laid down to endpapers, 1948 § Garnett (David, editor) The Essential T. E. Lawrence, 1951; Lawrence (T. E.) Seven Pillars of Wisdom, newspaper cutting laid down to endpapers, 1935, ownership inscription of Coote to endpapers, original cloth, lightly rubbed or occasional stain; and 4 others, by or about Churchill and Lawrence, 4to & 8vo (7)(9). Manuscript poem "Cootebye to Yatesbury", illustrations in pen, spotting and browning, c.370 x 265mm, framed (chipped and rubbed). ⁂ An excellent collection of material relating to Winston Churchill and T. E. Lawrence in the Middle East. Maxwell Henry Coote (Wing Commander, 1895-1920) joined the Royal Field Artillery and saw service at Gallipoli in 1915, later transferring to the Royal Flying Corps. After the war he served as Churchill's aide de camp at the Cairo Peace Conference in 1921. The diary records his experiences with Churchill and his meetings with Lawrence throughout the Conference, documenting his time guiding the members of the party around the area. It includes novel insights as "Col. Lawrence has also joined our party tonight...he is most awfully nice to talk to, so quiet and unassuming and no 'side' whatsoever"; "I had breakfast about 9 o'clock. It is one great thing about Winston that he never gets up early"; "[Winston] took me out with him when he went off painting: we went to the most wonderful old Derwish monastery...I don't ever remember having seen anyone painting in oils before...he was quite amusing to watch and very typical in the way he slapped on paint and scraped it all off again, but he is very clever and has a great eye for colour...". The Conference was a series of meetings by British officials for examining and discussing Middle Eastern problems and to frame a common policy, which conclusively approved a plan for giving control over two large pieces of the former Turkish territories that Britain controlled to princes in the Hashemite family. The collection provides a fascinating insight into the workings and practicalities through this pivotal diplomatic event of Churchill, Lawrence and Bell, three of the most influential of the 39 delegates gathered in Cairo for the conference.

Marian/Elizabethan almanac.- [?Low (Henry, physician at Salisbury] [?An Almanacke and Prognosticatyon, made] for the yere of... MDLIX... [P]hisition, and practiser of Astronomy, 2 printed fragments only depicting the months of April, May and June, from ?1 sheet and recovered from a binding, black letter, printed in red and black, 4 wood-cut decorations, title and date partially cut away, cut and tears to edges with loss, a few small holes, creased and browned, 1 fragment with stain but text still legible, 16th century manuscript inscription beginning "Qui capit..." on verso of 1 fragment, later ink signature of "A Younge" and scribbling in margin and verso of other fragment probably where it was visible as an endpaper or fly-leaf, 103 x 165mm. & 208 x 164mm., [?STC 482], [?London, ?Thomas Marsh], [?1558]; and 22 other fragments (10 manuscript fragments Macrobius' Saturnalia, c. 1500, 9 fragments from printed works & 3 blank ff. 1 with anchor watermark), v.s., v.d., sold not not subject to return (24).Provenance: "Columnella. De re Rustica. Lugd. 1537 £4-4-0 These fragments, pasted together, formed the boards of this volume."