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Bronze Age Ornamented Small Dagger Knife 1500-1100 BC. A flat-section triangular dagger of small size with three rivet holes, fluting and incised hatching partly erased by later re-sharpening. 18 grams, 66mm (2 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2007; reportedly found south Germany. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 279. Sir Richard Ground observed that the dagger was 'a very delicate little piece, and the original decoration had a feminine flavour.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age Small Dagger 2000-1500 BC. A small triangular blade with thickened centre, rounded butt with four notched rivet holes. 25 grams, 10.5cm (4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006. Cf. Gerloff, S. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung VI, 2. Band. The Early Bronze Age Daggers in Great Britain, C.H. Beck'sche Verlagbuchhandlung, Munich, 1975, plate 44 item F(1"). Sir Richard Ground notes that there is possibly a 'thumb rest' at the top of the blade 'although that may be fanciful on such a small piece.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age Greek Dagger Blade Group 2nd millennium BC. A mixed group of Aegean daggers comprising: one with slender triangular blade, median thickening developing to facetting between the square shoulders, short rectangular tang, pierced at tang and each shoulder; one of similar profile, stepped shoulders, round-ended tang, pierced at tang and shoulders, two rivets remaining; one smaller, leaf-shaped with broad D-shaped tang pierced in four places. 161 grams total, 12-20.5cm (4 3/4 - 8"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK. Cf. Branigan, K. Aegean Metalwork of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, Oxford, 1974, items 304, 369. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [3, No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age Halstatt Sword Scabbard Chape 800-600 BC. A cast bronze scabbard chape in the form of a cockerel with central sleeve, triangular beaked head to one side and curled tail to the other; large pelta-shaped plaque below; the outer edges furnished with a stepped panel; pierced twice near the upper edges for attachment. 73 grams, 11.5cm (4 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Antiqueo, France, 2005; previously with a Drouet, France, auction sale. Cf. similar item in the Axel Guttmann collection, reference AG1005. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Good condition; lower portion detached. Rare.

Bronze Age 'Annenheim' Type Sword 1500-1000 BC. A slender leaf-shaped blade with pronounced medial rib accentuated by a shallow recessed line; flared, rounded shoulders with six rivet holes, two rivets in situ; raised flange to the outer edges of the hilt, extending to curved finial horns. 412 grams, 52cm (20 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired London gallery; previously with Christie's, sale 5524, lot 17 (part); ex Axel Guttman Collection, AG 1027. See Schauer, P. Schwert, Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde vol. 27, 2004. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age Large Type 3 Basal-Looped Spearhead 1500-1100 BC. A complete and very large basal-looped spearhead with long leaf-shaped blade, keeled midrib extending to the tubular socket; the blade bevelled to the edge, the rear extending to two lozenge plates flanking the shaft forming the loops. 339 grams, 41cm (16"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Hermann Historica, sale 60, lot 2068, 13 October 2010 (hammer price €3,400"). See Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 408; Davis, R. Basal-Looped Spearheads, BAR International Series 1497, Oxford. 2006. Sir Richard Ground notes that the spearhead ''displays cuts and dents which appear to represent ancient combat damage, particularly around the base of the blade.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition; old cracking by central rib.

Bronze Age British Basal-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1800-1500 BC. A substantial leaf-shaped blade with lozenge-section midrib, small lateral loop to the base of each blade with lozengiform plaque. 126 grams, 17.5cm (7"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2005. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 408; Davis, R. Basal-Looped Spearheads, BAR International Series no.1497, Oxford, 2006. Sir Richard Ground notes that 'this is a standard shape and conforms to Richard Davis's 'Type 2 - Leaf.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; blade nicked and small edge crack.

Bronze Age British Basal-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1800-1500 BC. A large leaf-shaped blade with lozenge-section midrib and lateral ridges extending to basal loops with lozengiform plaques; broken in two in antiquity. 333 grams, 30cm overall (11 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2007; found Derbyshire, UK, 2006. See Davis, R. Basal-Looped Spearheads, BAR International Series no.1497, Oxford, 2006 Portable Antiquity Scheme, reference number DEN-DC8D26; disclaimed under Treasure Act, reference 2007 T17. Sir Richard Ground notes that it 'conforms to Richard Davis's Type 2 - Leaf. Pieces of the wooden shaft were recovered from both the upper and lower socket and preserved separately.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Good condition; deliberately broken in antiquity, with the socket partly crushed.

Bronze Age British Basal-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1800-1500 BC. A large triangular blade with round-section midrib and lateral ribs, loop to the base at each side; marked in white ink to the blade 'Cambs.XLB.12' and to the inner face of the socket 'Kirtling, Cambs. LB12' and 'HF' monogram. 208 grams, 30.5cm (12"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, Sale 13686, lot 295 (part), 27 April 2006; ex Lord Dayton of Corran Collection; formerly Dr Hugh Fawcett Collection; found Cambridgshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 406; Davis, R. Basal-Looped Spearheads, BAR International Series no.1497, Oxford, 2006. Sir Richard Ground notes that 'this is a standard shape and conforms to Richard Davis's Type 6 - Triangular.' and 'Formerly in the collection of Lord Dayton of Corran formed between 1960 and 2000. Kirtling is indeed in Cambridgeshire and a short biography of Dr. Hugh Fawcett can be found at pp.14-15 of the McAlpine Collection which stresses that he surplused items which were overtaken in quality, but left his characteristic HF monogram and white ink details on them.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; edge nicked, socket mouth slightly chipped.

Bronze Age British Basal-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1800-1500 BC. A large fragment of a long basal-looped spearhead with round-section midrib, triangular blades each with a median ridge extending at the lower edge to the small lateral loop with triangular plaque. 145 grams, 19.5cm (7 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, sale 13686, lot 295 (part), 27 April 2006; ex Lord Dayton of Corran Collection (formed 1960-2000"). Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 407; Davis, R. Basal-Looped Spearheads, BAR International Series no.1497, Oxford, 2006. Sir Richard Ground notes that 'this is a standard shape and conforms to Richard Davis's Type 7 - Narrow Channel.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fair condition; tip and lower socket absent.

Bronze Age British Side-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1500-900 BC. A small leaf-shaped blade with lozenge-section midrib; two small lateral loops. 31 grams, 11cm (4 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006; reportedly found East Anglia, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 395. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Roman Gilt-Bronze Openwork Crossbow Brooch 5th century AD. A fabricated crossbow brooch with facetted onion-shaped knops to the arms and a third above the bow; the arms facetted with tiered upper face, the bow D-shaped in section with collar to the lower edge, footplate with openwork scrolls to each edge; tubular catchplate to the reverse and hinged pin. 22 grams, 70mm (2 3/4"). Property of a Surrey collector; acquired in the early 1970s. Cf. Hattatt, R. Iron Age and Roman Brooches, Oxford, 1985, item 507. Fine condition.

Bronze Age British Side-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1500-900 BC. A small leaf-shaped blade with lozenge-section midrib; two small lateral loops, double groove to the socket's mouth. 20 grams, 95mm (3 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 395. Sir Richard Ground notes that 'the detail argues for it being a javelin point, and not an arrowhead, despite its small size.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British Side-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1500-900 BC. A leaf-shaped blade with round-section midrib, bevel to edge of blade; two small lateral loops, one with casting flaw beneath. 51 grams, 13cm (5"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2013; found Wiltshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 395. Recorded with Portable Antiquities Scheme, reference number WILT-067652. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age British Side-Looped and Socketted Spearhead 1400-1300 BC. A small leaf-shaped blade with edge bevel, tubular socket with two small lateral loops, lozengiform plaques. 54 grams, 10.5cm (4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2007; found near Newark, Nottinghamshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 404. Recorded with Portable Antiquities Scheme, reference number DENO-1DCEB3. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; small casting flaw to base of blade junction; edge with small nick, surface pitted.

Bronze Age British Side-Looped Spearhead 1400-1300 BC. A small leaf-shaped blade with edge bevel, tubular socket with two small lateral loops, lozengiform plaques. 54 grams, 12cm (5"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2010; reportedly found Derbyshire, UK, 2008. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 394. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age 'Ballintober' Type Sword 1200-1000 BC. A long, leaf-shaped blade with midrib, flared lozengiform shoulders and notched hilt; two large rivet holes between the shoulders. 446 grams, 55.5cm (22"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Tielmsi, 2011; reportedly found River Garonne, France, early 20th century. Cf. Burgess, C. & Colquhoun, I. The Swords of Britain, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IV, vol.5, Munich, 1988, items 22-58; Matthews S. Chelsea and Ballintober Swords: Typology, Chronology and Use in Uckelmann, M. & Mödlinger, M. (eds.) Bronze Age Warfare: Manufacture and Use of Weaponry, BAR International Series no. 2255, 2011. Sir Richard Ground notes that the original notched form of the hilt, similar to those found on French examples, proved inadequate to support the large blade, and the two rivet holes were a later addition to compensate for this. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British Side-Looped Spearhead 1400-1300 BC. A small leaf-shaped blade with stepped profile and edge bevel, long tubular socket with two small lateral loops, lozengiform plaques; step to the mouth. 38 grams, 99mm (4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired 2011; found West Overton, Wiltshire, UK (National Museum of Wales, report reference NMWPA 2007.136a"). Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 394. Sir Richard Ground notes that 'it is quite perfect, and the shiny patina which preserves the original surface, is quite genuine.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age Irish Side-Looped Spearhead 2000-1500 BC. A broad lozengiform blade with raised midrib and chevron to each face, expanding socket with lateral loops, lozengiform plates each with an incised saltire; hammered edge bevel. 77 grams, 14cm (5 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired antiques fair, Oxford, UK, 1971. Cf. Allen, et al. Metallurgical Reports on British and Irish Bronze Age Weapons in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 1970 accession no. 1884,119.633. Sir Richard Ground notes that this is 'the first piece I ever bought. I retain no documents from that period.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age Irish Socketted Spearhead 1200-800 BC. A cast bronze spearhead with waisted leaf-shaped blade, round-section tapering midrib extending to the conical socket, lateral holes for pin. 113 grams, 16cm (6 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found turf-bog, Cavancarragh (on property of Dr Robert Collum), before 1952. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 388. Accompanied by two handwritten notes (with essentially the same text) on re-used envelopes (postmark dated for 25th July 1946 and 1st August 1952), relating to the discovery. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British Socketted Spearhead 1100-700 BC. A large leaf-shaped blade with edge bevels, rounded and keeled midrib with lateral fillets extending to the rims of the rivet holes. 185 grams, 24cm (9 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Stanley Gibbons, London, 1979. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 383. Sir Richard Ground notes that 'overall it is well-formed and gives the impression of being a carefully made elite piece.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age Short Socketted Spearhead 1100-700 BC. A broad leaf-shaped blade with cast bevel to the edges, short socket with lateral rivet holes; the tip bent over in antiquity, from impact. 82 grams, 92mm (3 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 387. Sir Richard Ground notes that the tip is bent over 'no doubt from an ancient impact.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age British Spearhead & Sword Fragments Hoard Group 1100-700 BC. A mixed group from a founder's hoard comprising: a small socketted leaf-shaped spearhead with bevelled edge; the edge of a socketted axe; three fragments of spearhead. 157 grams, 38-63mm (1 1/2 - 2 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006; found as part of a founder's hoard, near River Thames, London, UK, 1980s. Accompanied by a photograph showing these pieces in company with the rest of the hoard material. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [5, No Reserve] Fair condition.

Bronze Age Greek Pierced-Blade Spearhead 3rd millennium BC. An Aegean leaf-shaped spearhead with raised central panel and median spine extending to the tang; two rectangular slots flanking the spine at the broadest part of the blade; tang bent over with finial knop. 127 grams, 23.5cm (9 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK. Cf. Branigan, K. Aegean Metalwork of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, Oxford, 1974, item 457. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, edges slightly ragged.

Bronze Age Greek Pierced-Blade Spearhead 3rd millennium BC. An Aegean leaf-shaped spearhead with raised central panel and median spine extending to the square-section tang; two rectangular slots flanking the spine at the broadest part of the blade; tang bent over. 98 grams, 19.5cm (7 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK. Cf. Branigan, K. Aegean Metalwork of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, Oxford, 1974, item 457. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age Greek and Other Arrowhead Group 2nd millennium BC. A mixed group of cast arrowheads comprising: one large leaf-shaped with thick midrib, barbed and tanged; one small triangular, barbed and with short tang; one leaf-shaped, socketted with thick midrib; one similar with spur to the socket. 44 grams total, 44-115mm (1 3/4 - 4 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [4, No Reserve] Fine-very fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Glenalla' Type Decorated Flat Axe 2000-1800 BC. A large axehead with curved butt, slight lateral flanges, broad flared blade with convex cutting edge; the blade with a distinct facet and median bevel; three zones of applied linear decoration in herringbone, horizontal and vertical formats extending over most of each surface. 466 grams, 17cm (6 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Feltwell, Norfolk, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 3; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.61-2. Recorded with Portable Antiquities Scheme, reference number PAS SF-9072A6. The PAS report describes the item as a 'Class 4' axe; Sir Richard Ground notes that it belongs to Schmidt & Burgess's Gleballa Type or its eastern English equivalent. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, edge slightly chipped from use. Rare type, with extensive ornament to surfaces.

Bronze Age Bronze Nenzigen-Reutlingen Type Sword 13th century BC. A slender parallel-sided blade, tapering to the tip, with median flat-section rib and stepped profile; the shoulders straight-sided and angled with lateral flanges extending to flared horns; four rivet holes to the shoulder and three larger to the hilt centre. 414 grams, 56.5cm (22 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired London gallery 2004; previously with Christie's, sale 5524, lot 17 (part); ex Axel Guttman Collection, AG 1025. Cf. Cowen, J. D. The Earliest Bronze Swords in Britain and Their Origins on the Continent of Europe, Proceedings of Prehistoric Society vol.17, 1951; Burgess, C. & Colquhoun, I. The Swords of Britain, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IV, vol.5, Munich, 1988, items 59-61. The sword-type is called in Continental literature 'Nenzigen' but in more recent work by Burgess & Colqhoun they are described as 'Reutlingen' type. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition. Small repair to tip of the hilt.

Bronze Age Irish Bronze 'Falkland' Type Flat Axe 1950-1850 BC. A substantial flat axe with square butt, median transverse bevel, flared blade with broad convex cutting edge; integral chevron facets to each narrow side, shallow flanges with hammering to sides. 661 grams, 18cm (7"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, sale 15215, lot 294 (part), 26 April 2007; from the estate of Hugh Stanley Russell; collected 1950-1970; found Northern Ireland. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.62-3. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; one tip of blade absent (casting flaw), edge slightly notched from use.

Bronze Age British Bronze Plain Axehead 2200-2000 BC. A cast rectangular-section axehead tapering to the asymmetrical and convex cutting edge. 440 grams, 11.5cm (4 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006, reputed to have been found on the North Yorkshire Wolds, Yorkshire, UK. Cf. similar British finds of Castletown/Pitlochrie Type in Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, items 1-6. Sir Richard Ground included this European axe in his collection as a companion-piece to early British examples. It was sold as having been found in the North Yorkshire Wolds, but this is 'highly unlikely'. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Aylesford' Type Decorated Flat Axe 2000-1500 BC. A large flared flat-section axehead with slightly convex cutting edge, rounded butt; to one face, three rows of lightly incised bilinear chevrons. 618 grams, 16.5cm (6 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2007; found Lincolnshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 29; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.60. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; surfaces a little pitted and chipped. Rare.

Bronze Age British 'Aylesford' Type Flat Axe 2000-1500 BC. A small flared flat-section axehead with convex cutting edge, square butt; slight thickening at sides (from hammering?), median swelling to each face and facet below the edge. 265 grams, 10.5cm (4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006; found near Taverham, Suffolk, UK, 1990. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 29; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.60. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, lightly pitted surfaces.

Bronze Age British 'Migdale' Type Decorated Flat Axe 2200-1950 BC. A Scottish straight-sided flat axe with thin curved butt, facet to the blade with slightly convex cutting edge; decorated with 'rain pattern' (vertical strokes) to both faces. 438 grams, 15.5cm (6"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Valued History, 2006; formely with Simon Camm; reportedly found Banffshire, Scotland. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 19; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.35. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; butt chipped and slightly deformed from impact, edge with use wear.

Bronze Age British 'Migdale' Type Flat Axe 2200-2000 BC. A pelta-shaped flat blade with shallow convex cutting edge, square butt; slight facet to blade. 482 grams, 16cm (6 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2009. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 2. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Bandon' Type Flat Axe 1900-1700 BC. A cast axe with square butt, flared blade with convex cutting edge; shallow hammered lateral flanges and stop-ridge. 199 grams, 12cm (4 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2005. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 8; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.65-7. Sir Richard Ground notes that the lateral flanges show hammer facets, indicating that they were hammered in rather than cast. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Viking Gilt-Bronze Trefoil Mount with Beast-Head 11th century AD. A domed mount with central boss and originally three radiating arms, to the lower edge a beast-head with triangular ears, raised fillet to the muzzle and pellet eyes; two studs to the reverse. 8.70 grams, 34mm (1 1/2"). Property of a German collector; acquired in the 1990s. Cf. beast-head detail on an Anglo-Scandinavian mount in Backhouse, J., Turner, D.H. & Webster, L. The Golden Age of Anglo-Saxon Art: 966-1066, London, 1984, item 108. Fine condition.

Bronze Age British Flat Axehead Pair 1900-1700 BC. A group of two, small flat axes of flared profile, the longer with a curved butt and the shorter with a flat butt. 228 grams total, 9-10.5cm (3 1/2 - 4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 1. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [2, No Reserve] Fine condition, one with edge part blunted from use.

Viking Bronze Decorated Bracelet 9th-12th century AD. A heavy cast penannular bracelet with panels of hatched linear and grid ornament, punched pellets and points; edges chamfered; Baltic workmanship. 57 grams, 64mm (2 1/2"). UK art market, acquired prior to 1980. Cf. bracelets in the Alvara hoard in Hårdh, B. Silver in the Viking Age. A Regional-Economic Study, in Acta Archaeologica Lundensia, no.25, p.159. Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age Irish 'Balbirnie' Type Decorated Flanged Axe 1750-1550 BC. A substantial axehead with square butt, slightly divergent sides and flared blade with very broad convex cutting edge; the lateral flanges broad with hammered 'triple herringbone' decoration; median curved stop and two concentric grooves at the base of the flanges, facet below; marked to one face 'THAMES AT WINDSOR' and red collector's sticker '215'. 474 grams, 14.5cm (5 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, sale 18817, lot 226 (part), 13 April 2011; ex Robert Stephen Murray Collection; found river Thames, Windsor, UK. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.70-1. Sir Richard Ground notes: 'The piece appears to belong to type Balbirnie, an Irish type roughly equivalent to the Arreton phase [in] southeastern Britain. That does not rule out the Thames provenance: see for instance Museum of London C1140 from the Broadness hoard, and 49.107/809 from Weybridge.' Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Caverton' Type Flanged Axehead 1550-1450 BC. A substantial axehead with straight butt extending to two lateral flanges to each face, broad flared blade with convex cutting edge. 573 grams, 16cm (6 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, sale 15215, lot 294 (part), 26 April 2007, from the estate of Hugh Stanley Russell, Malvern, UK; collected 1950-1970. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.78-9. Sir Richard Ground notes that the axehead is very sharply moulded but has been cleaned. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age 'Carpathian' Flange-Hilted Sword Carpathian Basin, 1000-850 BC. A leaf-shaped blade with central flat-section rib, rounded shoulder with four rivet holes, slightly expanded septum with central rivet hole; raised flanges to the hilt with notch ornamented edges; blade tip blunted and extremity of hilt absent. 434 grams, 49cm (19 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired London gallery 2004; previously with Christie's, sale 5524, lot 17 (part); ex Axel Guttman Collection, AG 1034. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, items 342, 343. Sir Richard Ground notes that this was his first sword acquisition, from 15th July 2004. It came with a label 'Ungarrn (sic) - Carpatenbecken'. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Arreton' Type Flanged Axehead 1750-1550 BC. A sturdy axehead with parallel sides, broad flared blade with very broad convex cutting edge, hammered lateral flanges, thin curved butt. 297 grams, 12.5cm, (5"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Leicestershire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 44; Moore, C.N. & Rowlands, M. Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Salisbury, 1972, items 6, 8; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.72-5. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Arreton' Type Flanged Axehead 1750-1550 BC. A sturdy, small axehead with slightly waisted sides, flared broad blade with convex cutting edge, median bevel, integrally cast lateral flanges, curved butt. 120 grams, 86mm (3 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found near River Test, Eastleigh, Hampshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 10; Moore, C.N. & Rowlands, M. Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Salisbury, 1972, item 6; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.72. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Lisset' Type Flanged Axehead 1600-1300 BC. A substantial wing-flanged axehead with broad flared blade and convex cutting edge, lateral rhomboid slightly inturned flanges; shallow facet to the blade. 315 grams, 13cm (5"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Burton Agnes, North Yorkshire, UK, 2008. Cf.Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.100-4. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age British 'Ulrome' Type Flanged Axehead 1700-1500 BC. A small flanged axehead with eccentric square butt and broad flared blade with convex cutting edge, facetted rhomboidal lateral flanges. 223 grams, 11cm (4 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; believed found Lincolnshire, UK. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.94-8. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, slight loss to edge tip.

Bronze Age British 'Caverton' Type Flanged Axehead 1550-1450 BC. A substantial axehead with curved butt extending to two lateral flanges to each face, expanding broad blade with convex cutting edge and facet. 432 grams, 15.5cm (6"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Bonham's, sale 15215, lot 294 (part), 26 April 2007; from the estate of Hugh Stanley Rusell, collected 1950-1970. Cf. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, p.78-9. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Bronze Age British Flanged Axe 1750-1550 BC. A substantial short-flanged axehead with slight facetting to the flanges, rounded butt, crescentic blade with convex cutting edge. 428 grams, 13.5cm (5 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006; found Norfolk, UK. See Allen, I.M., Britton, D. & Coghlan, H.H. Metallurgical Reports on British and Irish Bronze Age Weapons in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Occasional Paper of Technology no.10, Oxford, 1970, p.142. Sir Richard Ground notes that there are no satisfactory parallels to the axehead in Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981 but it may be an Irish type, citing no. 63 in Allen et al, 1970. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition; edge blunted from use.

Bronze Age British Primary Shield Pattern Palstave Axehead 1400-1000 BC. A palstave type axe with rounded butt developing to two lateral flanges on each face extending past the ledge stop to form the shield-shaped enclosure with a transverse rib extending to the blade facet; broad convex cutting edge. 345 grams, 14.5cm (5 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2006. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, items 60, 79; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 780. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, edge slightly chipped from use.

Bronze Age British Primary Shield Pattern Palstave Axehead 1400-1000 BC. A palstave with straight, narrow butt developing to two high lateral flanges on each face extending past the ledge stop to form the shield-shaped enclosure; the blade with facet and broad convex cutting edge. 416 grams, 16.5cm (6 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2010. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 59; Moore, C.N. & Rowlands, M. Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Salisbury, 1972, item 15; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, items 770-87. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Very fine condition.

Bronze Age British Primary Shield Pattern Palstave Axehead 1400-1000 BC. A substantial palstave with square butt developing to two lateral flanges on each face extending past the ledge stop to form the shield-shaped enclosure; blade facet and broad convex cutting edge. 438 grams, 15.5cm (6"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2008; found Botesdale, Suffolk, UK, 1993. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, items 60, 79; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 780. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, some pitting and edge nicked from use.

Bronze Age British Looped and Ribbed Palstave Axehead 1200-800 BC. A substantial palstave with square butt, flared blade convex cutting edge, with lateral flanges, median rib with two shorter lateral ribs; ribbed surface to the rear of the stop; lateral loop lost in antiquity. 398 grams, 16cm (6 1/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2005; found West Sussex, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 77. Sir Richard Ground notes that the form is 'hard to match to anything in Schmidt & Burgess' (i.e. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981"). Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

Stone Age British Knapped Flint Halberd Neolithic, 3000-2000 BC. A bifacial hooked halberd blade, in a dark grey-brown transluscent flint, the curved edges carefully shaped, with some possibly later retouching resulting in a notch to the concave edge. 62 grams, 13cm (5"). Property of a gentleman, by descent from the vendor's father, who formed his collection in the 1990s; found County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, UK, in 1952. Cf. O'Riordain, The Halberd in Bronze Age Europe, (Archaeologia 86), fig. 40, for other Irish examples. Similar blades in flint for transverse hafting are rare finds; it is suggested that they were more for ceremonial than practical use due to their fragility; there is also a suggestion that the well known Bronze Age halberd blades evolved from flint originals (cf. Schuhmacher, Thomas X., Some Remarks on the Origin and Chronology of Halberds in Europe, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 21(3), pp. 263-288 for discussion; printout offered with this lot) and Ireland seems to have been the likely origin of the general bronze type, from circa 2300 BC. Very fine condition. Extremely rare.

Bronze Age British Ewart Park Type Sword 800-700 BC. A waisted blade with thick central rib, inset ricassi, angled straight-edged shoulders, thick flanges to the outer edges of the hilt, T-shaped terminal; two median rivet holes to the septum, one with rivet in situ and location for a third, unopened; two rivet holes to the shoulder and four above, also unopened; the edge deliberately and heavily notched. 469 grams, 45cm (17 3/4"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired Valued History, Norwich, 2010. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 345; Savory, H.N. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections,Cardiff, 1980, item 249; Burgess, C. & Colquhoun, I. The Swords of Britain, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IV, vol. 5, Munich, 1988, p.55ff. The sword has been deliberately 'sacrificed', put beyond use in the world of men, as part of some ritual of closure, probably associated with the death of the owner. The blade has been bent and the edges of the lower third of the blade deliberately notched, perhaps with an axe. The hilt was bent over at a sharp angle; Sir Richard attempted to straighten it and in so doing broke the terminal off at the upper rivet hole. He later repaired it and attempted to lessen the angle. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, deliberately sacrificed, bent in antiquity, tip of hilt repaired.

Bronze Age British Looped Palstave Axehead 1200-800 BC. A small, sturdy palstave with short blade and shallow convex cutting edge, square butt, square stop, long lateral loop. 381 grams, 14cm (5 1/2"). Ex Sir Richard Ground (1949-2014) Collection, Derbyshire, UK; acquired privately, 2005; found near Aston Tirrold, Oxfordshire, UK. Cf. Evans, J. The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1881, item 74 with proportionately longer blade; Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Ab. IX, vol. 7, Munich, 1981, item 914. Each piece from the collection is accompanied by Sir Richard's personal illustrated catalogue sheets which describe the piece fully, give details and circumstances of his acquisition, academic references and general notes. The eminent lawyer Sir Richard Ground, OBE (1949 - 2014), a graduate of Lincoln College Oxford, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1975. After a period spent specialising in media law, he was, in 1983, appointed Crown Counsel in the Cayman Islands, a position which he held until 1987 when he assumed the role of Attorney General. He served as Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1998 to 2004, and then as Chief Justice of Bermuda until his retirement in 2012. Highly regarded in legal circles for his decisiveness and impeccable integrity, he was awarded the OBE in 1991 in recognition of his services to the Cayman Islands, and was made a Knight Bachelor in 2012 for services to justice in Bermuda. He had a passion for the natural world and worked alongside his wife, fellow lawyer Lady Ground, to found the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, as well as publishing several volumes of wildlife photography. Sir Richard was a keen and knowledgable collector of both coins and ancient weaponry. His collection of Roman, Byzantine, English, and European coins fetched exceptional prices when sold by Spink in September 2014. It is with pride that we are able to offer his collection of Bronze Age weaponry for auction. [No Reserve] Fine condition, interesting casting flaw to one flange.

Bronze Age Solid Gold Bracelet Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1000 BC. A penannular round-section bracelet with square-cut ends. 76 grams, 69mm (2 3/4"). Property of a North London collector; acquired in the 1970s. See Taylor, J.T. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge, 1980. Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age Gold Hair Ring 2nd millennium BC. A square-section coiled rod with rounded, tapered ends. 11 grams, 36mm (1 1/2"). From the collection of a noble Russian family, by descent. Cf. Taylor, J.T. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge, 1980, plate 33a. Very fine condition; small stress crack to inner face.

Bronze Age Gold Spiral Band 2nd millennium BC. A round-section wire looped band, coiled and returned, with twisted section to one end and trefoil profile. 9.34 grams, 41mm (1 3/4"). Private collection, North London; acquired in the early 1980s; ex Russian collection. Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age Gold Penannular Adornment 10th-5th century BC. A substantial penannular ornamental fastener tapering to each end, with opposed trumpet terminals. 12 grams, 18mm (3/4"). From a central London collection formed between 1990-2000. Cf. Taylor, J.T. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge, 1980, plate 47. Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age Twisted Torc with Scroll Terminals 8th-6th century BC. A penannular neck-ring with expending twisted body, scrolled flat-section finials. 73 grams, 19.5cm (8"). Private collection, Cambridgeshire, UK; acquired prior to 2000. Extremely fine condition.

Bronze Age Coiled Armlet 1000-800 BC. A D-section band in five coils. 84 grams, 64mm (2 1/2"). Private collection, UK; formed in the 1980s. [No Reserve] Fine condition.