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1000 – 600 BC, Bronz Age. Large bronze cloak pin with pomegranate-esque head atop a slim neck with four projecting pointed shoulders and a tapering pin shaft with lightly incised linear decoration Cloak pins were an important part of bronze age culture and were worn by both men and women in much the same fashion as a brooch. These items were multifunction with their most basic purpose being clothing fasteners while their more ostentatious role was to serve as a display of wealth. Cloak pins such as this one were status symbols and could serve as tradablegoods in lieu of currency. Good condition. Wearable. Size: H:212mm / W:35mm ; 173g. Provenance: Property of an Oxfordshire art professional; previously in an old British collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK / International art markets.

C. 700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Large, heavy bronze ring with circular hoop, formed of two interlocking, tapering prongs. The flaring bezel features incised decoration comprising a cross flanked by confronted chevrons. This striking item may have belonged to a Viking warrior. Good condition; wearable. Size: D:20mm/L:28mm; 14.5g. Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1970s.

1000 – 600 BC, Bronze Age. This thick and heavy cast Bronze Age bracelet features a semicircular section and tapering terminals. In the Bronze Age bracelets were used not only as jewellery but also as ritual objects of high value, which allowed their owners to store wealth before the invention of coinage. Such bracelets are discovered in burials as grave gifts or found in large hoards, and an important part of the Bronze Age cultures in both Europe and Asia. Good condition, beautiful patina. Size: H:63mm; 35g. Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1970s.

1200 – 800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with lozenge-shaped, lentoid section blade with raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 3) spearhead with short triangular-shaped, barbed blade with short necks and tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:50-125mm; 53g.Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s;

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Bronze ring formed from a single band with a round hoop bearing incised decoration comprised of alternating diagonal plain and meandering bands. This simple yet elegant ornament may have belonged to a Viking warrior. Good, wearable condition. Size: D:18.5mm/L:23mm; 2.5g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1970s on the UK and European art market.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A bronze sword with a pointed, tapering blade, and a short tang with a perforation for affixing the blade to a pommel. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:440mm / W:62mm ; 430g

C. 800-600 BC, Bronze Age. Circular pendant comprising cross-in-circle design supplemented by openwork rondels and applied baubles. The horizonal arm of the cross depicts a stylised snake, a symbol of power but also of healing. In some Bronze Age societies, particularly in the Middle East, snakes were even worshipped as deities. Good condition. Size: H:99mm / W:75mm ; 54g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.

C. 1050-1100 AD, Late Viking Age. Bronze cross with circular terminals, featuring white, yellow and dark blue enamel insets. The Cross is the principal symbol of the Christian religion, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the redeeming benefits of his Passion and death. The cross is thus a sign both of Christ himself and of the faith of Christians. This item may have belonged to a Viking, after the Norsemen converted to Christianity in the mid-11th century. Good condition. Size: H:40mm / W:32mm ; 6g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.

c. 900 AD, Viking Age. A substantial bronze ring formed by the continued twisting of a single bronze rod. This ring would have taken many hours to make, due to the need to continually anneal (reheat) the metal during the twisting stage in order to remove the tension from the metal's molecular surface and prevent breakage. Good condition. Size: D:17mm/L:24mm; 7g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Bronze ring formed from a single band with a round hoop and flaring bezel bearing incised decoration comprised of vertical bands. This simple yet elegant ornament may have belonged to a Viking warrior. Good, wearable condition. Size: D:19.5mm/L:24mm; 5g. Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK art market.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Bronze Age. A bronze sword with a pointed, bevelled blade, raised midrib and  a short tang with a perforation for affixing the blade to a pommel. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:430mm; 225g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s;

700-900 BC, Bronze Age. A heavy bronze bracelet with a d-shaped section. Excellent condition, beautiful patina. Wearable Size: 47mmx64mm;59gr. Provenance: Private collection of a West London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/International art market before 2000.

800-600 BC, Greek Hoplite Period. Rare iron xiphos dagger with a leaf shaped blade, elegant Quillion, and an intact tubular bone handle with toothed end and incised decoration comprising a series of bands framing a field of concentric chevrons. Swords, spears, daggers and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it, especially the Hoplites. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only be sustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplites primarily fought using the closed phalanx formation to allow best use of their frequently small numbers. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, see Donald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Good condition. Size: L:325mm; 144g. Provenance: Property of an established London gallery; acquired from a private estate collection formed in the 1990s.

c. 900-1100 AD. Viking age. A beautiful bronze dragon’s foot amulet comprised of four applied spheroid decorations with highly ornamented faux-woven borders, and four triangular charms suspended from the openwork suspension loops. In Norse mythology, Fáfnir (Old Norse and Icelandic) or Frænir is a son of the dwarf king Hreidmar and brother of  Regin , Ótr, Lyngheiðr and Lofnheiðr. After being affected by the curse of Andvari’s ring and gold, Fafnir became a dragon and was slain by the brave hero Sigurd. The wearable reminder of this myth would have inspired bravery in Viking warriors. Good condition. Size: 45mmx38mm;27gr. Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK art market.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A superb bronze example of an axe or Perun amulet of the bearded variety comprising a suspension loop and stylised blade incised curvilinear decoration. This type of amulet is modelled after the axe Molnia and is often seen as a counter part to the common Mjolnir amulet. Some associate these axe pendants with Perun who was the ruler of living world, sky and earth who used the axe to kill the snake that stole the earthly light. Good condition. Wearable. Size: 52mmx36mm;15gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

Ca. 700-1100 AD. Viking Age. A Viking era bronze penannular brooch with flaring terminals decorated with raised dots arranged in geometric patterns, circular section, and a fine pin. This brooch is made more spectacular by the addition of cowrie shells wired to the body of the brooch. Brooches such as this one were status symbols, tradable goods in lieu of currency, and are often found as grave goods to provision the dead for the afterlife. For more general information on Viking Jewellery see Arbman, H. Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Good Condition. Size: 100mmx63mm; 31gr. Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1970s.

Ca. 700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A circular bronze pendant with suspension loop. The inner part of the pendant comprises weaved bands of decoration which simulate the appearance of wicker. While the Vikings are most commonly known for their prowess in war, they were also skilled in metalworking, as this beautiful piece illustrates well. For more general information on Viking Jewellery see Arbman, H. Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Good Condition. Size: 37mmx30mm; 7gr. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.

Ca. 700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Bronze bracelet with rectangular section and incised dot-in-circle decoration, a motif used to represent the sun. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Vikings were expert navigators, the constellations signified mystery and power to Vikings. The Moon was personified as Mani, brother to Sol the Sun, and both are abundantly represented in Norse literature. Size: 40mmx60mm; 11gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze bracelet with punched dot and box decoration, and raised ridges on the terminals thought to be a stylised depictions of dragons, which frequently appear on Viking-age ornaments. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also. given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Dragons were important figures in Norse mythology, and were known for their powerful, destructive nature, perhaps reflecting a claim to power by the individual who once owned this bracelet. Good condition, beautiful patina Size: 48mmx63mm; 33gr. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1990s on the UK and European art market.

Ca.700-900 AD, Viking Age. Bronze pendant comprising stylised beast and rider viewed in profile, with two circular suspension holes below the rider's arms. In the Viking world, amulets were a part of everyday life and often included in mummy wrapping. The power of each amulet was variable and derived from a combination the amulet’s shape, decoration, inscription, colour, material, and any magic incantations spoken over the piece. Good condition; attractive patina. Size: 45mmx34mm; 10gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.

Ca.700-900 AD, Viking Age. Bronze pendant comprising bull with prominent curving horns and long, flowing tail. Holes for suspension are located on the hooves and within the tail In the Viking world, amulets were a part of everyday life and often included in mummy wrapping. The power of each amulet was variable and derived from a combination the amulet’s shape, decoration, inscription, colour, material, and any magic incantations spoken over the piece. Good condition; attractive patina. Size: 38mmx34mm; 7gr. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1970s on the UK and European art market.

2000-1000 BC, Luristani. Bronze ring comprising a circular hoop with a flattened section bearing incised linear decoration and large applied circular bezel with raised sun motif. The sun is commonly depicted in Bronze Age art and seems to have been a powerful symbol of fertility and the passage of time. However, the sun was not just a natural phenomenon but was often viewed as a god in many Bronze Age societies. Good condition. Size: 20mm;US 10 UK U 1/2; 14gr. Provenance: From the private collection of an Essex gentleman; previously in an old British Collection, formed in the 1990s.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A bronze coiled ring intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Size: 23mm; 9gr. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.

Ca.900 AD, Viking Age. Bronze Viking open work Lunar pendant with loop, decorated with raised dots (granulations). Vikings were expert navigators, the constellations signified mystery and power to Vikings. The Moon was personified as Mani, brother to Sol (the Sun), and is abundantly represented in Norse literature. Lunar pendants were worn as pectorals as well as suspended from belts, other clothing and horse harnesses. Good, wearable condition. Size: H: 21.6mm, W: 24.3mm; 3.41g. Provenance: Private Kent collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK art market.

1200-800 BC. Bronze Age Luristani. Rare decorated bronze axe with flat, curved blade, prominent midrib which splits to form three branches as it approaches the blade, and circular socket. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on custom-made stand. Size: H:130mm/L:145mm/H:45mm (without stand); 500g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

700-900 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze bracelet with incised decoration bands comprising curvilinear designs and pips. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Good condition, beautiful patina. Size: H: 46.4mm, W: 61.7mm; 19g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze bracelet with punched dot and box decoration, and raised ridges on the terminals thought to be a stylised depictions of dragons, which frequently appear on Viking-age ornaments. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also. given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Dragons were important figures in Norse mythology, and were known for their powerful, destructive nature, perhaps reflecting a claim to power by the individual who once owned this bracelet. Good condition, beautiful patina. Size: H: 51.5mm, W: 67.3mm; 49.62g. Provenance: Property of a London gallery, previously in old British collection formed in the 1970s.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze twisted bracelet comprised strands of bronze woven together with incised lines intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: H: 52.3mm, W: 70.4mm; 37.90g. Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1970s;

c. 1000-1300. Medieval. A lot of five medieval arrowheads (from left to right): 1) barbed triangular arrowhead with pyramidal section and tang; 2) Deltoid oblanceolate arrowhead with long shank and tang; 3) triangular arrowhead with square section, shank and tang; 4) triangular arrowhead with pyramidal section and tang; 5) squat, triangular arrowhead with square section and tang. Arrows were a key part of medieval society both as instruments of war but also as weapons for hunting. One of the most evocative images of arrows as weapons of war appears on the Bayeux Tapestry, where King Harold is depicted after taking an arrow to the eye, leading to the Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD. For further information on arrowheads, see C. Rau (2017) European Arrowheads and Crossbow Bolts: From the Bronze Age to the Late Middle Ages. Fair condition. Size: L:40-90mm; 51g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1970s.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Beautiful bronze ring comprised of a circular hoop, with an octagonal bezel bearing incised decoration in the form of a beast and gently flaring shoulders accented with incised crosshatching. this simple yet elegant ornament may have belonged to a Viking warrior. Good condition. Size: D: 19.4mm, US: 9 1/2, UK: S1/2; 7.86g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

C. 900 AD, Viking Age. A bronze ring with a circular-shaped hoop and a lozenge-shaped bezel with incised curvilinear decorations. This simple yet elegant ornament may have belonged to a Viking warrior. Good condition. Size: D: 19.4mm, US: 9 1/2, UK: S1/2; 4.95g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1990s.

C. 700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Bronze wolf tooth pendant with stylised root decoration and suspension loop at the top. Fenrir (pronounced “FEN-rir;” Old Norse Fenrir, “He Who Dwells in the Marshes”) is the most infamous of the many wolves in Norse mythology. His importance for the pre-Christian Scandinavians is demonstrated by his being depicted on numerous surviving runestones, not to mention his ubiquity in Old Norse literary sources. This pendant may have belonged to a Viking warrior, who wore it as a sign of his prowess in battle. Good condition. Size: H: 40.3mm, W: 18.5mm; 5.34g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Cambridgeshire gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK /European art markets.

Ca.900 AD, Viking Age. Bronze Viking openwork lunar pendant with loop, decorated with incised lines and raised dots (granulations). Vikings were expert navigators, the constellations signified mystery and power to Vikings. The Moon was personified as Mani, brother to Sol the Sun, and is abundantly represented in Norse literature. Lunar pendants were worn as pectorals as well as suspended from belts, other clothing and horse harnesses. Good, wearable condition. Size: H: 28.2mm, W: 30.2mm; 4.70g. Provenance: From an old Oxfordshire collection formed in the 1990s;

Ca. 700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A rare type of circular bronze pendant with suspension loop. The border of the pendant presents a corded border and the inner part of the pendant comprises weaved bands of decoration which simulate the appearance of wicker. While the Vikings are most commonly known for their prowess in war, they were also skilled in metalworking, as this beautiful piece illustrates well. For more general information on Viking Jewellery see Arbman, H. Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Good Condition. Size: H: 30.8mm, W: 24.2mm; 5.06g. Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1970s;

Ca. 700-1100 AD, Viking Age. Diamond-shaped bronze amulet with interlocking openwork diamond decoration on the interior and applied bauble on the exterior. While the Vikings are most commonly known for their prowess in war, they were also skilled in metalworking, as this beautiful piece illustrates well. For more general information on Viking Jewellery see Arbman, H. Birka I: Die Gräber, Uppsala, 1940. Good Condition. Size: H: 38.8mm, W: 27.3mm; 3.07g. Provenance: From the private collection of an Essex gentleman; previously in an old British Collection, formed in the 1990s.

700-900 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze bracelet with decoration in the form of incised and boxes and chevrons. In Viking society, arm rings and bracelets were not just decorative, but also served to mark bonds of loyalty between a lord and his followers in a culture where honour was a matter of life and death. Such items were also given to young men to mark their coming of age and bracelets of precious metals were also used as currency in a time before the widespread availability of coinage. Good condition, beautiful patina Size: H: 45.3mm, W: 61.0mm; 21.31g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Kent gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK /European art markets.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A heavy bronze twisted bracelet comprised strands of bronze woven together and intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: H: 55.5mm, W: 64.4mm; 23.81g. Provenance: From the private collection of a Kent gentleman; previously in an old British collection, formed before 2000 on the UK /European art markets.

C. 1000 AD, Viking Age. Silvered bronze ring with D-shaped hoop and raised decoration on the shoulders. The circular bezel features engraved decoration in the form of a stylised raven within a circle. In Norse mythology, Huginn And Muninn are a pair of ravens that fly all over the world, Midgard, and bring information to the god Odin. Good condition; wearable. Size: D: 18.1mm, US: 8, UK: P1/2; 3.27g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

1000 – 600 BC, Bronze Age. This thick and heavy cast bronze bracelet features a D-shaped section. In the Bronze Age bracelets were used not only as jewellery but also as ritual objects of high value, which allowed their owners to store wealth before the invention of coinage. Such bracelets are discovered in burials as grave gifts or found in large hoards, and an important part of the Bronze Age cultures in both Europe and Asia. Good condition, beautiful patina. Size: H: 51.2mm, W: 64.7mm; 55.77g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1970s on the UK and European art market.

700-1100 AD, Viking Age. A fine bronze twisted bracelet comprised strands of bronze woven together and intended to evoke the form of a snake. In Norse mythology, Jormungand (pronounced “YOUR-mun-gand;” Old Norse Jörmungandr, “Great Beast”), also called the “Midgard Serpent,” is a snake or dragon who lives in the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the visible world. He was so enormous that his body forms a circle around the entirety of Midgard. He is one of the three children of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, along with Hel and Fenrir. Good condition. Wearable. Size: H: 55.3mm, W: 65.6mm; 23.09g. Provenance: Private collection of an Oxford professional, formed in the 1970s-1990s on the UK art market.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This rare example of a cast bronze sword which has a tapering, bevelled blade with raised midrib, gently flaring shoulders and a recessed integral ibex handle with a crescentic lower guard that would have been inset with stone, bone or ivory inlay. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom-made stand. Size: L:445mm; 446g. Provenance: Property of a West London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/International art market in the 1980s.

c. 1000-1400 AD. Medieval. A lot of 5 medieval arrowheads (from left to right): 1) elongated, triangular arrowhead with square section, flaring shank and tang; 2) squat, triangular arrowhead with square section and long tang; 3) triangular arrowhead with rounded shoulders, elongated shank and tang; 4) elongated, triangular arrowhead with square section and shank; 5) triangular arrowhead with square section and tang. Arrows were a key part of medieval society both as instruments of war but also as weapons for hunting. One of the most evocative images of arrows as weapons of war appears on the Bayeux Tapestry, where King Harold is depicted after taking an arrow to the eye, leading to the Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD. For further information on arrowheads, see C. Rau (2017) European Arrowheads and Crossbow Bolts: From the Bronze Age to the Late Middle Ages. Fair condition. Size: L:58-100mm; 60g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

2nd-early 1st Millennium BC. Greek Bronze Age. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with triangular-shouldered blade with short neck and long tang; 2) spearhead with leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with raised midrib and medium neck and a beautiful green patina; 3) spearhead with short triangular-shaped, barbed blade with a short neck and a medium length tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:57-160mm; 40g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

1200 – 800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. An ancient Greek era cast "Trojan" Bronze Age sword blade with a narrow, rounded-tipped triangular blade; thick sloping midrib; scooped shoulders with lateral flanges and round-section tang with flattened finial. Beautiful green patina. From west Asia to Mainland Greece, bronze weaponry production flourished from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears and arrows were exchanged via trade and war and are discovered in both civic and ritual contexts. Good condition, on a custom-made stand. Size: L:395mm / W:55mm ; 355g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market before 2000.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A bronze sword with a pointed, bevelled blade, raised midrib and a short tang with a perforation for affixing the blade to a pommel. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:440mm; 353g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

800 - 600 BC. Greek.  A rare iron hoplite sword with a tapering, bevelled blade, raised midrib, a quillion, and an integral handle with two  perforations and aprotruding pin for affixing a grip. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and MainlandGreece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was graduallyreplaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war inGreek Bronze Age societies and served aspowerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earnit, especially the Hoplites. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of AncientGreece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only besustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplitesprimarily fought using the closed phalanx formation to allow best use of theirfrequently small numbers. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, seeDonald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: HopliteWarfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Good condition. Size: L:270mm / W:70mm ; 164g

800-600 BC, Greek Hoplite Period.  A beautiful hoplite sword with a tapering, bevelled blade, a slightly raised midrib, a deep, decorative fuller or “blood groove”, and a short tang. This wonderful piece is only made more visually stunning by its fantastic green patina. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it, especially the Hoplites. Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greece, where each city state was fiercely independent and could only be sustained through the military power of its male inhabitants. Hoplites primarily fought using the closed phalanx formation to allow best use of their frequently small numbers. For more information on Greek hoplite warfare, see Donald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano (eds., 2013). Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press. Superb condition. Size: L:510mm / W:73mm ; 465g. Provenance: Property of a North London gentleman; previously acquire on the UK/European art market in the 1980s;

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period, Bronze Age. A rare bronze sword with a pointed, bevelled blade, raised midrib and a tubular handle terminating in a large conical bone pommel. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition, on a custom-made stand. Size: L:495mm / W:75mm ; 629g. Provenance: Property of a central London Ancient Art Gallery; previously obtained from a British private collection formed in the 1980s.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful cast bronze sword has a tapering, bevelled blade with raised midrib, gently flaring shoulders and a recessed integral ibex handle with a gently flared lower guard. The recessed design would have allowed the entire handle to have been inset with stone, bone or ivory inlay. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom stand. Size: L:445mm / W:50mm ; 338g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

2nd Millennium BC, Bronze Age. Bronze axe with short, vertical blade to the front and spike at the rear. The circular seocket extends downwards and bears five raised decorative hoops and further curvillinear decoration flanks the top part of the socket. Bronze weaponry production flourished in Europe from the 3000 BC – 1200 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron over the following 500 years. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Excellent condition with a beautiful patina; on custom-made stand. Size: H:105mm/L:190mm/H:90mm (without stand); 1320g. Provenance: Property of a central London Ancient Art Gallery; previously obtained from a British private collection formed in the 1980s.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A large bronze dagger with a pointed, tapering, bevelled blade, four perforations at the base of the blade and a short tang for affixing a handle to the blade. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition; on a custom stand. Size: L:300mm; 232g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market before 2000.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with large triangular, slightly barbed blade, raised midrib, short neck and tang; 3) spearhead with small triangular, barbed blade, short neck and long tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:54-92mm; 45g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

c. 1000-1400 AD. Medieval. A lot of 5 medieval arrowheads (from left to right):1) barbed triangular arrowhead with pyramidal section and tang; 2) lanceolate arrowhead with slight shoulders, pyramidal section and tang; 3) elongated triangular arrowhead with square section and tang; 4) elongated leaf-shaped arrowhead with pyramidal section and tang; 5) lanceolate arrowhead with pyramidal section and tang. Arrows were a key part of medieval society both as instruments of war but also as weapons for hunting. One of the most evocative images of arrows as weapons of war appears on the Bayeux Tapestry, where King Harold is depicted after taking an arrow to the eye, leading to the Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD. For further information on arrowheads, see C. Rau (2017) European Arrowheads and Crossbow Bolts: From the Bronze Age to the Late Middle Ages. Fair condition. Size: L:67-72mm; 40g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with a long, thin leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a wide raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with a triangular, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and tang 3) spearhead with a broad, leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:80-130mm; 63g. Provenance: From an old British collection, acquired on the UK art market in the 1980s.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A tanged bronze sword comprising a leaf-shaped blade with a raised midrib, and a beautiful green patina. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:320mm / W:50mm ; 237g. Provenance: Property of a North London professional; previously acquire on the UK/European art market before 2000.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful bronze spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade with a wide raised midrib, a flaring neck and a flat, pointed tang. The stunning design of this spearhead is wonderfully accented by its rich green patina. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:330mm; 397g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed in the 1980-90s on the UK and European art market.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. This beautiful cast bronze sword has a tapering, bevelled blade with a wide raised midrib adorned with five shallow fullers or “blood groves” and a recessed integral handle with a gently crescentic lower guard. The recessed design would have allowed the entire handle to have been inset with stone, bone or stone inlay. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition, on a custom-made stand. Size: L:330mm; 145g. Provenance: Property of a West London gentleman; previously in a collection formed on the UK/International art market in the 1990s.

c. 1000-1400 AD. Medieval. A lot of 5 medieval arrowheads (from left to right): barbed, elongated triangular-shaped arrowhead with pyramidal section, flaring shank and tang; 2) triangular-shaped arrowhead with pyramidal section and tang; 3) barbed, triangular-shaped arrowhead with square section, squat flaring shank and tang; 4) elongated, triangular-shaped arrowhead with square section and tang; 5) lanceolate-shaped arrowhead with slight shoulders, pyramidal section and tang. Arrows were a key part of medieval society both as instruments of war but also as weapons for hunting. One of the most evocative images of arrows as weapons of war appears on the Bayeux Tapestry, where King Harold is depicted after taking an arrow to the eye, leading to the Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD. For further information on arrowheads, see C. Rau (2017) European Arrowheads and Crossbow Bolts: From the Bronze Age to the Late Middle Ages. Fair condition. Size: L:70-108mm; 49g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

2nd-early 1st Millennium BC. Greek Bronze Age. Lot of three bronze spearheads; 1) spearhead with a leaf-shaped, lentoid-section blade with a wide raised midrib, short neck and short tang; 2) spearhead with a triangular, lentoid-section blade with a raised midrib, short neck and tang; 3) arrowhead with triangular head, raised midrib and tang. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Good condition. Size: L:40-103mm; 35g. Provenance: Private London collection, formed since the 1980s on the UK and European art market.

1200-800 BC, Greek Archaic Period. A bronze sword with a pointed, lanceolate-shaped, bevelled blade with flaring shoulder and a short tang with a perforation and pin for affixing the blade to a pommel. This item is mounted on a stand. Bronze weaponry production flourished in western Asia, the Aegean, and Mainland Greece from the 2nd millennium BC to about 700 BC, when it was gradually replaced by iron. Swords, spears, and arrows were important symbols of war in Greek Bronze Age societies and served as powerful reminders that authority rested in the hands of those who could earn it. Superb condition. Size: L:430mm; 316g. Provenance: Property of an Oxfordshire art professional; previously in an old British collection, formed in the 1980s on the UK / International art markets.