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A Vic trooper's helmet of the 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays), brass skull, ear to ear wreath, mounts, leather backed chinchain and ear rosettes, brass and WM star HP with leather backed "2" to centre, black hair plume with rosette, leather liner (AF), GC (refinished overall). Plate 7

A Vic trooper's helmet of the D of Lancaster's Yeomanry, WM skull, brass peak binding, ear to ear wreath, mounts, leather backed chinchain with ear rosettes, and HP, white feather plume with rosette, leather liner (AF). GC Plate 7

BERNHARD VON GUERARD (b.1836) WATERCOLOUR ON PAPER, rectangular, A PORTRAIT MINIATURE of a clergyman, wearing a black cope and skull cap, a gold crucifix suspended from a chain, signed lower right, 5" x 4 1/4"

A JAPANESE FORTY-TWO PLATE KABUTO, 19TH CENTURY, with hemi-spherical skull formed with numerous raised ribs, joined at the top by a ring-shaped finial, decorated over its full surface with silver scrollwork, two characters at the front and one at the back, with rounded peak fitted with a plume-holder, roped copper edge and lacquered red on the underside, and retaining an early fabric lining, 17cm; 6 3/4in high

A RARE SUDANESE DERVISH'S HELMET, SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY, with domed skull fitted at its apex with a robust spike and at its front with a staple and adjustable nasal bar, the base pierced with pairs of holes for attaching a mail neck-defence of riveted and butted links, and retaining its original long padded fabric lining, 48.2cm; 19in high, Helmets of this type were worn, along with the jibba, by the dervishes: the followers of Mahommed Ahmed, who proclaimed himself the guide, or Mahdi, of Islam. He denounced the Ottoman rulers of the region and preached a universal equality in rank and goods. A number of jibba, along with helmets and Mahdi banners, were taken at the Battle of Omdurman in 1898. See H. Ricketts and P. Missillier 1988, p. 147.

A RARE EASTERN HELMET, PROBABLY TIBETAN, 18/19TH CENTURY, with domed skull formed of ten broad plates reinforced at the joins by shaped ribbed plates, fitted at the top with a moulded baluster-shaped finial, at the front with angular peak, and neck-guard formed of two rows of thirty-three rectangular plates (surface rust throughout, some neck-plates loose), 42.5cm; 16 3/4in high

A RARE FRENCH STEEL HELMET FOR THE EGYPTIAN KHEDIVE'S BODYGUARD, SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY, with one-piece skull, fitted with a steel crescent on a conical scalloped brass washer in the centre, moulded brass band around the base, sliding nasal formed as an arrow, and neck-guard with brass rim (worn, throughout, the skull with a small hole, chin scales missing), 28cm 11in high, A more elaborate example is preserved in the Stibbert Museum Florence, inv. no. 16636. See L. G. Boccia 1975, pp. 216-7, no. 783.

A FINE INDIAN TÔP AND A PAIR OF BAZU BANDS, LAHORE, LATE 17TH CENTURY, the first with hemispherical skull, chiselled over the greater part of its surface with scrolling foliage and flowerheads, and the base encircled with a broad band of gold koftgari foliage (the skull with two early internally patched repairs), fitted at the centre with a washer for a spike (now missing), at the front with a pair of plume-holders decorated with gold (one repaired), and retaining its mail neck-defence of small butted steel links decorated with diamond-shaped panels of butted brass links; the bazu bands of characteristic form, pierced at the borders for a lining, each retaining its original hinges and a pair of buckles (one missing), and decorated en suite (light wear, the koftgari with small losses throughout), the first: 37cm; 14 1/2in high, (3), A Cha'Aina decorated in the same manner and formerly in the collections at Warwick Castle was sold in these rooms 27th June 2007, lot 248 (£8400 including premium). Another Cha'Aina, complete with Dastana and Top is illustrated in P. Missillier & H. Ricketts 1988, p.110, no.185.

AN INDO-PERSIAN KULAH KHUD AND DHAL, 19TH CENTURY, the first with hemi-spherical skull fitted with a tall central spike, adjustable sliding nasal and a plume-holder (one plume-holder missing), mail neck-defence of butted links (small losses), and retaining an early padded red fabric lining, the second of concave form and fitted with four scalloped central bosses, each painted en suite over its entire outer surface in gilt polychrome with a series of vignettes including elaborate hunting scenes and pairs of figures in contemporary dress against a ground of stylised calligraphy (small areas of wear and minor losses), the kulah khud 46cm; 18in high, the dhal 46.3cm; 18 1/4in diameter, (2)

AN INDO-PERSIAN KULAH KHUD, 19TH CENTURY, with tall domed skull fitted with central spike, sliding nasal retained by a thumb-screw, a pair of plume-holders, and mail neck-defence of butted links, finely etched over its full surface with ovals filled with foliage and calligraphic inscriptions around the base, and retaining some original gilding throughout, 26cm; 10 1/4in high

AN INDO-PERSIAN KULAH KHUD, 19TH CENTURY, with hemi-spherical skull embossed with a mask at the front, fitted with blade-like central spike, a pair of horns and pierced sliding nasal, the latter retained by a moustache-shaped bracket, decorated throughout with silver cartouches filled with foliage and enriched with gold scrollwork, a gold inscription around the base of the central spike, and fitted with mail neck-defence of butted links, 26cm; 10 1/4in high

AN INDO-PERSIAN KULAH KHUD, 19TH CENTURY, with hemi-spherical skull fitted with central spike and sliding nasal retained by a thumb-screw, a pair of plume-holders, etched over its full surface with figures in traditional dress divided by cartouches enriched with silver scrolls, and mail neck-defence of butted links, 23.5cm; 9 1/4in high

AN 1834-43 PATTERN 7TH OR PRINCESS ROYAL DRAGOON GUARDS BRASS HELMET, with brass skull fitted with a broad comb decorated with oak foliage, the fore-quarters of a lion at the front and sprays of foliage on each side of the skull, the front applied with brass helmet plate incorporating the full Hanoverian arms and the regimental title beneath, complete with its scalloped chin-scales and leather lining, 33cm; 13in high

A RARE WEST YORKSHIRE DRAGOONS YEOMANRY SHAKO, CIRCA 1819-30, with black leather and beaverskin skull (light wear), applied with silver bullion scrolls around the top, fitted with silver-plated rose-shaped helmet-plate on a circular panel of silver bullion scrolls, silver-plated chin-scales, silver plume-holder with black horsehair plume, complete with its red silk and bullion lines retained by a silvered ring held by silver-plated lion masks (restorations), patent leather peak, and red leather lining band, 26cm; 10 1/4in high, See W. Y. Carman 1970, pp. 79-80.

A CITY OF LONDON IMPERIAL YEOMANRY (ROUGH RIDERS) OFFICER'S LANCE CAP, CIRCA 1910, with leather skull and peak, the upper portion of pale blue baize with gold lace trimmings, silver-plated helmet plate with battle honour for South Africa, gilt-brass fittings including plume-holder, chin-scales suspended from lion mask bosses, cockade applied with the Royal cypher GR, and pale blue swan feather plume, 22.5cm; 8 7/8in high

AN OTHER RANKS 21ST (EMPRESS OF INDIA'S) LANCERS LANCE CAP, CIRCA 1901-10, with leather skull and peak, the upper portion of French grey cloth with yellow trimmings, brass fittings including helmet-plate with Victorian crown and battle honour for Khartoum, plume-holder, and chin-scales suspended from lion mask bosses, cockade applied with ERVII crowned, and white horsehair plume, 22.8cm; 9in high

A SWISS INFANTRY JAGER OFFICER'S SHAKO, CIRCA 1830, with black leather skull, applied over the majority if its surface with fine black fur and a band of black velvet at the top, black leather peak with gilt-brass brim, fitted at the front with diamond-shaped gilt-brass helmet plate embossed with the letters 'A' above 'V.R.' silver bullion rosette above, original gilt brass chin-scales with a lion mask boss on each side, the interior retaining much of its tooled and gilt leather lining, and complete with two green and red pom-poms, and a further plain erstaz pom-pom, 19.5cm; 7 5/8in high

A COMPOSITE GERMAN FLUTED FIELD ARMOUR IN THE SO-CALLED MAXIMILIAN FASHION, CIRCA 1515-1530, comprising close helmet formed of a rounded one-piece skull rising to a boldly cabled medial comb and cut away at the nape to receive a neck-guard (missing), bellows visor and bevor attached by later common pivots, the former pierced with a centrally-divided vision-slit and ten horizontal ventilation-slits, the latter formed with a pronounced chin, flanged outwards at the base to form a short front neck-guard, fitted at the right side with a spring-catch to engage the visor and secured to the skull at the right of the neck by a hook and pierced stud, collar of four lames front and rear, the top lames boldly roped, the lowest front plate stamped on the outside with the quality control mark of the city of Nuremberg, and on the inside with the pearled N mark of the same city, globose breastplate struck at the neck with the former mark and pierced at the right of the chest with two later holes for a lance-rest, movable gussets at the arm-openings, waist-lame, and fauld of four lames (the lowest three restored), and tassets each of four lames, matching backplate formed of a main plate (one small hole), fitted with a pair of side plates and a waist-lame flanged outwards to receive a short culet of three lames, the main plate struck at its upper edge with the quality-control mark of the city of Nuremberg, large assymetrical pauldrons (partly restored) each of seven lames overlapping outwards from the third, which bears an haute-piece, articulated vambraces (the right restored) formed of a tubular upper and lower cannons, the former fitted at its upper end with a turner and at the inside of the elbow with a narrow lame, and a couter of three lames, the central lame projecting inwards at the front as a large flat centrally-puckered oval wing, mitten gauntlets each formed of a short straight- ended cuff, four metacarpal-plates, two finger-plates and hinged thumb-defences terminating in a pair of scales (the entire right gauntlet and the finger lames of the left restored), cuisses each formed of a gutter-shaped main plate fitted at its lower edge with a winged poleyn of six lames (the right restored), a pair of tubular full-length greaves each cut with a slot at the heel to accommodate a spur and an arch at the front to accommodate a sabaton of eight lames attached to it by a turning-pin at each side (the right greave and sabaton with patched repairs), the armour decorated throughout with boldly fluted ornament emphasised by pairs of incised lines, and at its main edges with boldly roped inward turns accompanied by recessed borders (areas of pitting and wear throughout): on a wooden stand applied with an early collection label, PROVENANCE, Alphons Meyer, Zürich 1930, The Renne Collection, Constance, The same combination of marks is shown on two Nuremberg armours in the Royal Armouries Leeds, dating to 1510 and 1530 respectively. See A. R. Dufty and W. Reid 1968, pl. XVI and XVII.

A COMPOSITE GERMAN FULL ARMOUR, CIRCA 1500/10, comprising close helmet formed of a rounded one- piece skull rising to a boldly cabled medial comb decorated with pairs of incised lines and cut away at the nape to receive a neck-guard of two lames (later), fitted with brow-reinforce en suite with the skull, visor of 'sparrow's beak' form, pierced with a single stepped vision-slit and a series of circular and slotted ventilation-apertures, fitted at the right with a later lifting-peg, later bevor shaped for the chin and secured to the skull at the right of the neck by a swivel-hook and pierced stud (the skull with an early patched repair), the reinforce, visor and bevor all attached by common pivots, collar of three lames front and rear (the lowest front lame trimmed, pitted, small cracks and chips) the top lames lightly roped, the remainder bordered by single incised lines, strongly formed globose breastplate with a bold inward turn at the neck, fitted with later lance-rest at the right of the chest, movable gussets at the arm- openings (the left restored) en suite with the neck (an early internal patch repair), associated waist-lame, and fauld of three lames with pendant tassets each of four lames (the upper three restored using old plates), backplate formed of a main plate drawn-in at the waist, fitted with waist-lame flanged outwards to receive a short culet of three lames each formed at its upper edge with three cusps, the lowest with a recessed border of low triangular section, a pair of spaudlers each of five lames (the top right restored, small repairs), articulated vambraces formed of tubular upper and lower cannons, the former fitted at its upper end with a turner, and a couter of three lames, the central lame projected inwards at the front as a wing decorated with recessed border, circular besagews (the left restored), each rising to a small central boss and decorated at its edge with roping and a recessed border, gauntlets each formed of a short straight-ended cuff with fixed inner plate, four metacarpal-plates, knuckle-plate (the left restored), shaped finger-plate, hinged thumb-defenses terminating in a pair of scales (the finger-defences restored), and later buff-leather lining gloves, cuisses each formed of a gutter-shaped main plate (the right with a riveted patch) decorated at its upper edge with a bold inward turn and incised lines, and fitted at its lower edge with a winged poleyn of five lames, the wing fluted, and a pair of tubular full-length greaves (both with trimmed edges, the front right plate patched) fitted at the front with a mail sabaton terminating with later steel caps (areas of pitting throughout): on a wooden stand

AN ITALIAN ETCHED HALF ARMOUR, CIRCA 1560, comprising close helmet with one-piece skull rising to a low cabled comb etched on each side with scrolling foliage inhabited by reclining nude figures, fitted at the nape with a shield-shaped plume-holder, visor, bevor and lower bevor all attached by common pivots, the visor pierced with a pair of stepped vision-slits and roped en suite with the skull, fitted at the right side with a lifting-peg, etched at each side with a mounted classical warrior and at the edges with narrow guilloche borders, upper bevor etched en suite and with a vertical band including grotesques and putti, repeated on the bevor proper, the upper bevor and bevor each retained at the right side by a hook and pierced stud, neck-guard of two lames front and rear (restored, the lowest lame with later etching), restored collar of a single lame front and rear, the former embossed with a pair of volutes, breastplate of deep bellied, medially ridged form, later embossed at the neck with a pair of addorsed volutes and fitted at its lower edge with a deep waist-plate, flanged outwards to receive a fauld of a single lame, a pair of restored pendant tassets each of seven lames, restored backplate formed en suite, a pair of large pauldrons each of six lames, the third and largest embossed with a quatrefoil, early 17th century articulated vambraces formed of a tubular upper and lower cannon, the latter of slightly 'tulip-shaped' form, and a couter of five lames, the central lame of winged bracelet form and embossed en suite with the pauldrons, two gauntlets with short obtusely-pointed tubular cuffs, five metacarpal-plates, a transversely-roped knuckle-plate, a shaped finger- plate (the right restored) and hinged thumb-plates (restorations, one detached), the collar, cuirass, tassets, arm- defenses and gauntlets etched throughout with a later pattern of running acanthus foliage on a hatched ground: on a wooden stand

A COMPOSITE GERMAN 'BLACK AND WHITE' THREE-QUARTER INFANTRY ARMOUR (KNECHTISCHE HARNASCH), CIRCA 1580, comprising burgonet with one-piece skull boxed in four panels, rising at its apex to a prominent stalk, fitted at the nape with a neck-guard of one lame, at the brow with a pivoted peak, and at each side with a pair of hinged cheek-pieces flanged outwards at the lower edge, 'almain' collar of four lames front and rear with integral spaudlers each of seven lames (minor restorations, some disarticulations), heavy medially-ridged breastplate projecting forward over the belly, fitted with moveable gussets at the arm-openings and flanged outwards at its lower edge to receive a fauld of three lames, the third cut with a shallow arch separating a pair of pendent tassets each of seven lames, extending to just above the knees, and backplate flanged outwards at its lower edge and decorated with plain turns, the main edges of the armour otherwise decorated throughout with file -roped inward turns, and its surfaces with bright recessed bands and borders against a blackened ground (partly refreshed with black paint), stand not included, Provenance, Alphons Meyer, Zürich 1930, A number of burgonets of this form are preserved in the Schweizerisches Landesmuseum, Zurich. See E. A. Gessler 1928, pls. 23 and 24. The present example is a notably fine example of this type.

AN INFANTRY HALF-ARMOUR, EARLY 17TH CENTURY, GERMANY OR SWISS, comprising burgonet with two-piece skull joined along a high medial comb, fitted at the front with a fixed pointed peak, at the rear with a short neck-guard of one lame, and at each side with a pair of hinged cheek-pieces each pierced with five circular ventilation-holes, 'almain' collar formed of two plates secured by a slotted hole and stud at the right, breastplate with medially-ridged main plate drawn-out to a vestigial peascod and flanged outwards at the base to receive an integral fauld, a pair of near rectangular tassets each of five lames, backplate formed in one piece and flanged outwards at the base, the main edges of the armour with plain inward turns, the subsidiary edges with pairs of incised lines, the inside of the skull of the helmet painted with an early Solothurn arsenal number, and the right cheek-piece and breastplate each stamped with further Solothurn arsenal numbers, stand not included, Provenance, Dr. Giesker, Zurich, The Solothurn Zeughaus

A COMPOSITE NORTH EUROPEAN HARQUEBUSIER'S ARMOUR, MID-17TH CENTURY, comprising German Zischägge with hemispherical one-piece skull decorated with a pattern of six radiating ribs, its apex fitted with a pierced finial and circular washer, its brow with a flat peak struck at the front with the letter M and accommodating at its rear a sliding nasal-bar secured at the brow by a rectangular staple and locking-screw, its nape with a deep neck-guard of four lames and its sides with pendant cheek-pieces, each narrowing to its lower end and pierced at its centre with seven circular ventilation-holes, heavy one-piece English breastplate of duplex construction formed with a medial ridge, a V-shaped waist-line, a raised neck-opening and an outward-flanged lower edge, each side of the chest fitted with a stud for the attachment of a shoulder-strap, the left of the belly bearing the proof-mark of a bullet and the centre of the neck-opening struck with the crowned IR government ownership mark of the time of James II and the maker's mark EO, and one-piece backplate formed with a raised neck-opening and an outward- flanged lower edge, and fitted with later scaled shoulder-straps and waist-belt, the former struck internally with a maker's mark and the date 1994, the main edges of the armour decorated with plain inward turns (pitted and patinated throughout; the backplate with some later blueing; the nasal-bar and associated fittings of the Zischägge replaced, and the front suspension-leather of its right cheek-piece severed), stand not included, The mark on the breastplate is that of the Warwickshire-born Edward Oxendon or Oxington who was apprenticed to the London armourer Edward Ansley for eight years commencing 1623. He became a freeman of the Armourers' Company in 1631. In 1648/9 it paid him for six days' work making arms. He is recorded as Court Assistant of the Company in 1658 and Master in 1667 (T. Richardson 2004, pp. 66-7). A further duplex breastplate by Oxendon is in the Royal Armouries Museum, Leeds, Inv. No. II. 228. For a discussion of this type of breastplate, see A. de Reuck, et al 2005.

A FINE AND RARE GERMAN ETCHED, BLUED AND GILT COMB MORION OF THE TRABANTENLEIBGARDE OF THE PRINCE ELECTORS OF SAXONY, NUREMBERG, CIRCA 1580, with tall skull formed in one piece and rising to a roped comb, the base encircled with a row of fifteen gilt-brass lion masks over lining-rivets, each with a ring in its mouth (one ring missing, one boss an early replacement), narrow brim rising to a point at the front and rear, decorated at its edges with a roped inward turn (the right side showing two short cracks), struck with Nuremberg mark and a small serial mark at the front (the points each with a small hole, plume -holder missing), the skull decorated with etched and gilt bands of interlaced foliate scrollwork encircling the figure of Mutius Scaevola before Porsena on one side and Marcus Curtius leaping into the gulf on the other, the comb with further etched and gilt bands of running foliage and a central-cabled medallion framing, on the respective faces, the arms of the Dukes of Saxony and the Archmarshallship of the Holy Roman Empire, the brim decorated with etched and gilt bands of running scrolls, and retaining much original gilding and early blued finish throughout (the bluing largely oxidised), 30cm; 11 3/4in high, Provenance, The Saxon Electoral Armoury, Dresden, Rutherford Stuyvesant, Important Austrian Art, sold Christie's London, 1993, lot number 113, Literature, The Arms and Armour Collection of Rutherford Stuyevesant, 1914, cat. No. 26. This helmet belongs to a distinctive group which was first made for the Trabantenleibgarde of the Elector August I of Saxony (1553-86) and continued to be used, and possibly added to, in the time of his successors Christian I (1586-91) and Christian II (1601-11). Originally this would have matched the black doublets and yellow trunk hoses of the uniform of the guards. A large number of helmets from this group, which may have included the present example, were removed from the Electoral armoury in the 1830s and sent to the State Opera House in Dresden for theatrical use, many of which were seen there by Bashford Dean in 1912. See H. Nickel 1989, pp.117-21 and I. Eaves 2002, pp. 149-150.

A NORTH EUROPEAN CUIRASSIER CLOSE HELMET, CIRCA 1620-30, with two-piece skull joined along a low comb (plume-holder missing), fitted with pivoted peak, face-defence and bevor attached by common pivots, the flat U-shaped face-defence pierced with a pair of vision slits with roped lower edge, and two pairs of S-shaped apertures and a triangular aperture for ventilation, retained at the right by a hook and pierced stud, the bevor shaped to the chin and retained by a hook and pierced stud at the right, and neck-guard of a single lame front and rear, the main edges decorated with recessed borders and plain inward turns, and the subsidiary edges decorated with incised lines, and retaining some black from the hammer finish throughout, 30.5cm; 12in high

A NORTH EUROPEAN CUIRASSIER CLOSE HELMET, CIRCA 1620-30, with two-piece skull joined along a low comb with narrow recessed border, fitted with pivoted peak and bevor attached by common pivots, the former fitted within its brow with a separate U-shaped face-defence, pierced with a pair of vision-slits and four diagonal ventilation slots on each side, the latter secured to the skull by a hook and pierced stud at the right, and with neck-guard of a single lame front and rear, with recessed borders and retaining some black from the hammer finish throughout, 34cm; 13 1/2in high

A FINE SOUTH GERMAN BURGONET, CIRCA 1550-60, PERHAPS INNSBRUCK, with one-piece skull rising to a tall roped comb decorated to either side of its base with roped ribs and accompanied by a slender recessed border, fitted at the nape with a later plume-holder, and a neck-guard of one lame, and at the front with a pointed integral peak, each decorated with a central ogee, the latter with a hook for securing a falling buffe, a pair of hinged cheek-pieces each embossed at its centre with an eight-pointed star and pierced with groups of holes in alternating groups of two and three, retained at the front by a leather strap with a filed iron buckle, the skull with a later padded lining, decorated at its main edges with finely-roped inward turns and accompanying recessed borders occupied in all cases by roped ribs and interrupted at the centre of the peak and the neck-guard with an ogee moulding, 27.2cm; 10 3/4in high

A RARE BURGONET, THIRD QUARTER OF THE 16TH CENTURY, GERMAN OR SWISS, with one-piece skull of boxed form rising at its apex to a prominent stalk, flanged outwards at its base to form a short neck-guard, and forward at the brow to form an integral pointed peak, fitted at the right of its skull with a later iron plume-holder, and at each side with a pair of hinged cheek-pieces, and decorated at its main edges with file-roping (areas of light pitting), 24.6cm; 9 3/4in high, Provenance, The Moser Collection, A number of similar burgonets are preserved in the Schweizerisches Landesmuseum. See footnote to lot 236,

AN ITALIAN ETCHED MORION IN THE 'SPANISH' FASHION, CIRCA 1590, with tall one-piece almond-shaped crown rising to a short 'stalk', slightly down-turned narrow brim with inward-turned roped edges, the base of the crown encircled by thirteen iron rivets on brass rosette washers (four washers incomplete, one rivet missing), fitted at the nape with an early shaped brass plume-holder, and etched throughout with classical warriors in strapwork cartouches separated by vertical bands filled with trophies-of-armour and celestial masks (the skull with small holes and pitting), 24cm; 9 1/2in high, Provenance, The Moser Collection

A GERMAN BLACK-AND-WHITE COMB MORION, EARLY 17TH CENTURY, with two-piece crown joined along a tall roped comb, integral down-turned brim rising to a point front and rear and decorated at its edges with notched inward turns, the skull embossed at each side with a broad band invected at its centre and surmounted by a lozenge, all on a blackened ground, and the base encircled by eight iron lining rivets with brass rosette washers, 24.8cm; 9 3/4in high

AN ITALIAN MORION IN THE 'SPANISH' FASHION, LATE 16TH CENTURY, with one-piece almond-shaped skull rising to a vestigial stalk, slightly down-turned integral brim stamped with a mark, perhaps three mullets in a crowned shield (worn), turned roped edges, and the base of the skull encircled by thirteen (originally fourteen) iron lining rivets with copper washers, and retaining much of its original black-from-the-hammer finish, 20.3cm; 8in high

A NORTH EUROPEAN ZISCHÄGGE, CIRCA 1630, with two-piece skull joined along a low comb with recessed border, flanged outwards at the front to form a pointed peak, fitted with sliding nasal-bar retained by a wing- headed screw, at the nape of the neck with a plume-holder, flaring neck-guard of five lames each formed with a low central cusp, with plain inward turns and the principal borders decorated with pairs of recessed lines (cheek- pieces missing), 26cm; 10 1/4in high

A ZISCHÄGGE, PROBABLY GERMAN, MID-17TH CENTURY, formed of a one-piece hemispherical skull embossed with six radiating ribs, fitted at its apex with a pierced finial on a circular washer, at its brow with a flat peak stamped with the letter 'L', sliding nasal bar retained by a wing-headed screw, flaring neck-guard of four lames, with plain inward turns, and blackened throughout (cheek-pieces missing), 24cm; 9 1/2in high

A KETTLE HAT IN 15TH CENTURY STYLE, formed in one piece, with domed skull rising to a low medial ridge, strongly flanged out at the base to form a broad neck-guard, projecting forward to a short point at the front and in aged condition throughout, 29cm; 11 1/2in high

A CLOSE HELMET IN GERMAN EARLY 16TH CENTURY MAXIMILIAN STYLE, 19TH CENTURY, with one- piece skull formed with three low roped combs, fitted at the nape with a conical plume-holder and a neck-guard of two lames, bellows visor and bevor, the former pierced with a pair of slanted vision slits and four pairs of horizontal ventilation-slits, the latter flanged outwards at its base to form a short neck-guard at the front, the lower edge decorated with a roped inward turn accompanied by a recessed border, 31.8cm; 12 1/2in high

A CLOSE HELMET IN GERMAN MID-16TH CENTURY STYLE, 19TH CENTURY, with one-piece skull rising to a low cabled comb, fitted at the nape with a conical plume-holder and a rear neck-guard of four lames, visor and bevor, the former with a pair of vision slits and a series of vertical ventilation slits, the latter shaped for the chin and drawn-out at the base to form a short front neck-guard, decorated at its lower edge with a roped inward turn accompanied by a recessed border (areas of light pitting), 30.5cm; 12in high

Joseph Jeakes after Thomas Whitcombe. Engagement between USS Chesapeake and HMS Shannon, 1 June 1813. Coloured aquatint. 35.5cm x 51cm; Together with another of the same action. Trimmed, in bird's eye maple frames (2) Provenance: The property of a lady of Title The War of 1812. HMS Shannon, commanded by Captain Philip Broke, was one of the ships patrolling off the coast of the United States. During his seven years in charge, Broke had worked up his ship to a peak of fighting efficiency with the best gunnery drill of any vessel in the Royal Navy. His gun crews were trained to fire into the hull of the enemy ship to kill the crew instead of shooting down the masts. Throughout his career Broke had prepared for a single-ship action. He even refused to capture American merchant ships, as this would require him to put crews on board and reduce the Shannon's efficiency. After a long patrol off Boston, Broke was rewarded on 1st June 1813 when the 38-gun frigate USS Chesapeake came out to challenge him. The ensuing battle was the finest single-ship action in the age of sail. Captain James Lawrence, the new commander of the Chesapeake, was confident in the ability of his veteran crew, but had reckoned without Broke and the Shannon. As the Chesapeake approached, the Shannon fired her first devastating broadside at a range of about 35 metres. Lawrence was wounded, but ordered the Chesapeake to slow down to enable her to return fire. However, the American gunners did not have time to adjust their aim as the carronades of the British ship swept the Chesapeake's quarterdeck and on her upper deck two-thirds of the gun crews were already casualties. At a crucial moment the Chesapeake's wheel was destroyed by a 9-pounder gun that Broke had installed on Shannon's quarterdeck for that purpose. Out of control, the vulnerable stern of the American ship was exposed to raking British fire and in desperation Lawrence ordered his men to board as the Chesapeake drifted stern first towards the Shannon. Instead it was Broke who seized the moment and led the boarding party in person onto the Chesapeake. Despite a final appeal from Captain Lawrence 'Don't give up the ship!', the battle was effectively over. In a final act three American sailors, probably from the rigging, attacked Broke; he killed the first, but the second hit him with a musket and the third sliced open his skull before being overwhelmed. The entire action lasted only 11 minutes, but its unequalled ferocity left 148 American and 83 English sailors killed or wounded. All the Chesapeake's officers were casualties and Lawrence died of his wounds three days later

Early nineteenth century Balkan flintlock holster pistol with engraved lock and barrel, brass mounts and ornate skull cracker pommel, 49cm

A Quantity of British and Kriegsmarine Related Items, including hat bands for "Normandie", "Paris", "Ile de France"; a black Kriegsmarine hat band; cloth titles; buttons; naval paybooks; flags including Union Jack, Red Ensign, Skull and Crossbones; a green and white enamelled French Autobus stop sign (S.A.T.O.S.); a pattern 1152 Azimuth Circle no.2268T, in wood case.

A Copy of an SS Totenkopf Honor Ring, in silver, the Death Head Skull with red enamelled eye sockets, the interior with worn inscription "Seinem.LB and date (19)37; a very similar ring, stamped 900; a silver Death Head Skull ring, stamped 835; a silver mounted leather fob strap, set with skull and crossbones, and engraved "Ostfront 1941"; a hammered silver cigarette box, the hinged cover engraved EB for Eva Braun (5)

A Prussian Line Infantry Officer's Pickelhaube, with black patent leather skull, plain spike with perlring and circular base, stamped brass helmet plate (eagle's head missing), the visor with brass folded rim, brass chin scales and leather lining, numbered 56

An Asmat Ancestor Skull, Raja Ampat, Irrian Jaya, with a ceremonial headdress of plaited raffia, beads of beans and white and brown feathers, the nasal cavity set with a clay and wicker scrolling nose set with beans and bone flakes.

A Bambara, Ivory Coast Wood and Sheet Brass Mask, of crescent form carved from one block of wood, the skull and face covered in strips of sheet brass, with raised comb headdress, ears flanking the forehead, circular pierced eyes, long slender nose and pursed lips, 39cm

Five Hunting Trophies, comprising two fox masks on oak plaques by F.W.Bartlett, a pair of ibex horns with skull mount on an oak plaque and two roe buck heads.

Brass vesta case formed as a human skull, 4.25cm high

Early 20th Century bronzed antimony figural table cigarette lighter formed as a scholarly chimpanzee seated on a pile of books and holding a human skull, 16.5cm high

Late 19th/early 20th Century bronze cased desk clock in the form of a human skull, the hinged cover opening to reveal a white enamel dial with Roman numerals and marked Doxa, 7cm high

1920's period lady's sequined skull cap, two similar collars, belt, evening bag etc together with a small beadwork purse

1920's period lady's paste set silver braid skull net together with another set imitation seed pearls

A fine carved ivory skull walking cane handle 19th century, very well carved, the top of the head engraved with the filled nerve hole to the centre, with threaded hole to underside, on a stepped ebony mount, skull 1.75in. (4.6cm.) high.

AN ART NOUVEAU MAHOGANY AND SATINWOOD INLAID CAQUETOIRE ELBOW CHAIR with vertical slat and stylised flower decoration with upholstered seats and on square tapering legs, labelled W. Skull & Sons, High Wycombe No. 2366, 22" wide (see illustration).

An ivory netsuke, Meiji period, a skull with carved detail, 1.5in.

A Sung Verdigris Patinated Bronze Helmet from the Spring & Autumn Period of Disintegration, Circa 722-481 B.C. The domed skull surmounted by a rectangular pierced loop finial and radiating bands downwards to the arched openings for face & neck. The bordering band studded with a row of bosses and incorporation a pair of protuberant rectangular sockets either side.

An Early 17th Century German Helmet. The skull with swept back apex, flower head roundel's either side centred by gilded rosette studs, and plume holder to the back. The neck guard, pierced cheek guards and down swept peak studded with further adornments.

An English Civil War Close Helmet. The skull with a raised comb and a peaked visor pierced with slats.

A 19th Century Copy of a Burgonet Close Helmet, the radial fluted skull with brass finial on a petalled mount. The viser with studded peak and sight slotsabove a hinged, perforated bevor.

A mixed lot comprising a silver pin cushion box, hallmarked Birmingham 1902, together with a white metal gem set model of a skull and a portrait miniature print in an ornate white metal frame.

A skull mount gazelle horns, 97cm long, mounted on a shield, and a pair of skull mount antlers, on a mahogany shield

A Third Reich Allgemeine-SS Officer's Peak Visor Cap, black wool body, black velvet capband and white piping, light metal eagle/swastika and skull, silver capcords with a silk interior, celluliod diamond and grey sweatband.

A 19th Century Staffordshire Model of John Philip Kemble as Hamlet, wearing a black beret and robe, iron red tunic and with a skull in his left hand, 7” high