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Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The opaque stone of a black tone, finely carved to represent a leopard seated upright with all four paws on the ground, the tail only indicated by fine incision work. Pierced through the sides to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is a black agate (onyx) and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring and grinding. The color is natural. The stone has been cleaned by hand. There are sandy deposits in the recesses of the surface. There are no traces of dye on the surface of the stone. The marks of authentic ancient craftsmanship are clearly visible. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, funnel-shaped, with no trace of intervention at a later period. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 60.4 gDimensions: Height 6.2 cm 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The Bodhisattva of Compassion finely cast standing in samapada on a square lotus base, holding a closed lotus bud in his left hand and a water vessel in his right, clad in a long sampot secured by a belt with foliate clasp at his waist, richly adorned in jewelry. The face showing a benevolent expression with almond-shaped gemstone-inlaid eyes, a broad nose, long earlobes, and full lips forming a subtle smile, the hair in wavy locks pulled into a high chignon centered with a diminutive Buddha Amitabha.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with minor traces of age and wear, extensive soil encrustations, some signs of erosion.Weight: 1,712 gDimensions: Height 39.8 cmPublished: This piece will be featured in the upcoming book Gold and Silver Masterpieces from the Collection of Dr. Zelnik, to be published in 2021.Literature comparison: A related figure of a four-armed Avalokiteshvara is published in The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, pages 106 and 107, Budapest 2013. 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The richly decorated silver pendant of rhombic shape, with fine repoussé depicting Ganesha dancing, surrounded by scrolling cloud designs, and set with two gemstones to either side and three gemstones at the bottom.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with expected minor traces of age and wear, some verdigris here and there, some tarnishing and golden-brown patina in some areas.Weight: 29.9 gDimensions: Size 11.5 x 8.9 cm. 

Burma, 6th-10th century. The bangle with one end molded as a very expressive dragon head with the open mouth revealing its teeth, the dragon’s scales covering the entire bangle save for the other end of globular shape.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition commensurate with age, with traces of age and wear, and a fine malachite-green patina.Weight: 157.2 gDimensions: Outer Diameter 10.1 cm, Inner Diameter 7.6 cm 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The opaque stone of a black color with white and bluish grey bands, finely carved as a small frog, its legs compactly placed as if it were about to jump. Pierced through the frog’s head and behind for suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is an extremely rare natural banded eye agate and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring and grinding. The color is original and natural. The stone has been cleaned and re-polished by hand and its surface is smooth and shiny. There are no traces of later dying in the recesses of the stone. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 22.1 gDimensions: Size 1.5 x 3.5 cmLiterature comparison: A similar talisman is published in Burmese Gemstone Amulets and Talismans Volume 1 (part of the series From the Collection of Dr. Zelnik), pages 54/55, Budapest 2016. 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The richly decorated pectoral with fine repoussé depicting Nandi, the holy white bull of Hindu mythology and mount of Shiva, the top section of the pectoral representing nagas but reminiscent of bull horns in their shape, surrounded by scrolling cloud designs, set with four gemstones (zircon and amethyst) above the bull. Two gold hooks allow the pectoral to be worn as a necklace.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as little verdigris and soil encrustations.Weight: 21.2 gDimensions: Size 5.7 x 8.8 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 140, Budapest 2013.Alloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-5th century. The ring with broad shoulders and a flat oval top carved with a fish in water under the crescent moon, the stone of good clarity with some natural inclusions.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Condition: Excellent condition with only few minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 6.9 gDimensions: Size 2.7 x 3 cm, Inner Diameter 1.2 cm 

Burma, 8th-10th century. The top of the ring bearing a stone intaglio depicting a warrior or dignitary wearing a large hat or helmet, cut into a dark red agate, the broad shoulder and ring top further decorated with a spiraling design in gold thread.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 6.1 gDimensions: Size 2.7 x 2.7 cm, Inner Diameter 2.0 cm 

Vietnam, 17th-18th century. The finely worked repoussé gold top element depicting two neatly incised confronting dragons with a magical pearl in the form of an oval gemstone set in the center between them, the comb crafted from silver.Provenance: Ex-collection of Bao Dai, last emperor of the Nguyen dynasty (a letter of provenance signed by Dr. Zelnik will be handed out to the winning bidder upon request). Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum, acquired from the above. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, the stone with some natural inclusions.Weight: 22.6 gDimensions: Size 4.9 x 6.8 cmPublished: Gold Treasures of the Cham Kingdoms from the Collection of Dr. Zelnik Volume 1, no. 9 (page 88), Budapest 2007. 

Samon Valley Culture, 800 BC-200 AD. The mostly opaque stone of a black color with yellow-green translucent areas at the top, finely carved to represent a deity standing upright with a distinctive broad nose and prominent buttocks, the legs close together and the arms folded below the chest. Pierced through the figure’s neck to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is a black agate (onyx) and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring and grinding. The color is natural. The stone has been cleaned in a tumbler and re-polished by hand. There are sandy deposits in the recesses of the stone. The marks of authentic ancient craftsmanship are clearly visible. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, funnel-shaped, with no trace of modern intervention. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with minor traces of age and wear, a small natural age crack with a tiny associated loss to one arm.Weight: 29.1 gDimensions: Height 6.2 cm 

Persia, Hellenistic period, 4th-1st century BC. The scarab talisman finely carved and incised, and pierced to allow for suspension as an amulet. Scarabs were popular amulets and impression seals in ancient Egypt, a symbol for rebirth and regeneration which from the Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BC) spread across the Mediterranean and Middle East. This piece was found near Persepolis, the ancient capital of Persia.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is a turquoise of good quality from Afghanistan or Tibet and the scarab is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring, and grinding. The color of the stone is natural with no traces of dye in the recesses. The stone has been cleaned by hand. There are clear marks of ancient craftsmanship. The holes are ancient, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-collection of the imperial family of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, last Shah of Iran (a letter of provenance signed by Dr. Zelnik will be handed out to the winning bidder upon request). Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum, acquired from the above. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with expected minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 3.2 gDimensions: Size 0.6 x 2 cm 

Pyu city-states, 8th-10th century. The ring set with a round dark agate, the shoulder decorated with finely incised scroll designs.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with some small dents and minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 4.5 gDimensions: Size 2.9 x 2.8 cm, Inner Diameter 2.0 cmAlloy composition range: Gold between 17-22 karat, the remainder consisting of various metals commensurate with the period.Literature comparison: A similar piece is in the National Museum of Cambodia, inventory number Ga.4280. 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The ring set with a round ruby at the top flanked by two small oval amethysts, the setting finely decorated with gold thread and small gold beads, the shoulder with well-executed repoussé showing on both sides the head of Kala (kirthimukha), the demon of passing time, a common motif in Cham art intended to evoke fear and dispel evil.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with expected traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations, the central stone with some natural inclusions.Weight: 10.9 gDimensions: Size 3.2 x 3.1 cm, Inner Diameter 2.3 cmAlloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Samon Valley Culture or early Pyu city-states, 8th century BC-5th century AD. The translucent stone of good clarity with few natural inclusions, finely carved to represent a deity standing upright with a distinctive broad nose and prominent buttocks, the legs close together and the arms folded below the chest. Pierced through the sides to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is a rock crystal and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring, and grinding. The color is original and natural. There are no traces of dye in the recesses of the stone. The stone has been cleaned in a tumbler and re-polished by hand using organic oil. There are clear marks of authentic ancient craftsmanship and use of primitive tools. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 16.5 gDimensions: Height 5.8 cm 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The mostly opaque stone of a mottled spinach-green tone with natural dark inclusions, finely carved as a tiger carrying a cub in its mouth with only the four small legs showing, a very rare depiction. Pierced through the tiger’s neck and tail to allow suspension as a pendant. This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is an aventurine and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, boring and grinding. The color is natural. There are no traces of dye in the recesses or on the surface of the stone. There are clearly visible traces of authentic ancient craftsmanship on the surface. The stone has been cleaned by hand; the fine ancient patina has been preserved. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 66.2 gDimensions: Length 9.9 cmLiterature comparison: Similar tiger talismans are published in Burmese Gemstone Amulets and Talismans Volume 1 (part of the series From the Collection of Dr. Zelnik), pages 94/95 and 142/143, Budapest 2016. 

Persia, Hellenistic period, 2nd-1st century BC. The ivory beads skillfully carved in round shapes, ranging from thin disks to globular forms, and neatly incised with various geometric patterns, some pieces are finely stained in red or black.Provenance: Ex-collection of the imperial family of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, last Shah of Iran (a letter of provenance signed by Dr. Zelnik will be handed out to the winning bidder upon request). Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum, acquired from the above. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with expected minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 76.3 g (total)Dimensions: Diameter 0.6 cm (the smallest), Size 1.3 x 1.8 cm (the largest) 

Pyu city-states, 8th-10th century. The ring set with a rectangular onyx intaglio showing a figure, the top decorated with geometric designs in repoussé.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 6.5 gDimensions: Size 2.8 x 2.7 cm, Inner Diameter 1.9 cmAlloy composition range: Gold between 17-22 karat, the remainder consisting of various metals commensurate with the period. 

Champa, 16th-19th century. The richly decorated hair ornament of crescent shape, finely executed in repoussé showing geometric, floral, and sun designs as well as two figures on horseback and two lobster-like mythical animals.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some minor bending, and soil encrustations.Weight: 35.3 gDimensions: Length 30 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 219, Budapest 2013.Alloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-5th century. The figures of truly minute size and crafted with impressive attention to detail, depicting Buddha standing with the hands clasped together in front of him, the face with a calm expression, showing a subtle smile, and the hair surmounted by an ushnisha.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 11.4 gDimensions: Height 0.6 cm (each) 

Cambodia or Laos, 10th-12th century. The gold plaque with fine repoussé and neatly incised details depicting three Buddhas, one in the center seated in dhyanasana on a lotus throne, showing the bhumisparsa mudra, and wearing a samghati draped over the left shoulder, flanked by two smaller Buddhas, each kneeling on a lotus pedestal with their hands clasped together, all with calm expressions and subtle smiles, the central figure with an ushnisha, all within a shrine surmounted by seven stupas.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 5.9 gDimensions: Size 8 x 6.7 cm 

Champa, 14th-17th century (the larger box) and 19th century (the smaller box). Both of globular form and shaped as tropical fruit with stems at the top, executed in fine repoussé with geometric patterns throughout, the larger box with silver wire petals below the stem, the smaller box with a neatly incised leaf next to the stem.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition commensurate with age, with traces of age and wear, some verdigris, and soil encrustations. The cover of the smaller box is lost.Weight: 137.8 g (total)Dimensions: Height 6 cm and 5 cmLiterature comparison: A similar piece is in the National Museum of Cambodia, inventory number Ga.4826. 

Cambodia, pre-Angkor period, 6th-9th century. The lingam of oblong shape in a stepped circular yoni, a symbol of fertility and creation representing Lord Shiva.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition commensurate with age, with extensive traces of age and wear, fine-malachite green patina throughout the exterior.Weight: 120.2 gDimensions: Height 6.6 cm, Diameter 11 cm 

Champa, 17th-18th century. The large vessel of goblet form with gilt oval reserves showing stupas framed by lotus borders, the cover handle with a gilt finial in the form of Buddha seated in dhyanasana on a double lotus base, his right hand lowerd in bhumisparsa mudra, calling on the earth to witness his enlightenment.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with wear to the gilt, small nicks and scratches here and there, as well as minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 4,608 gDimensions: Height 36.5 cm 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The translucent stone of a light to brownish cream tone with bands of yellow, brown, and grey as well as natural white inclusions, skillfully carved and neatly incised to depict a tiger with the back arched and the front paws extended forwards as if preparing to pounce at its prey. Pierced through the tiger’s mouth and tail to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is a natural banded ‘honey’ agate and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring and grinding. The color is rare, original, and natural. The stone has been cleaned in a tumbler and re-polished by hand to a smooth and shiny surface while preserving the fine ancient patina. There are no traces of later dying in the recesses of the stone. The marks of authentic ancient craftsmanship are still visible. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 56.9 gDimensions: Length 7.9 cmLiterature comparison: Similar tiger talismans are published throughout Burmese Gemstone Amulets and Talismans Volume 1 (part of the series From the Collection of Dr. Zelnik), Budapest 2016, a closely related tiger is illustrated on page 99. 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The translucent stone of a pale to deep lavender tone with natural white inclusions, finely carved as a tiger with the back arched and the front paws extended forwards as if preparing to pounce at its prey. Pierced through the tiger’s neck and tail to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is an amethyst and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring and grinding. The color is original and natural. The stone has been cleaned by hand using organic oil. There are no traces of later dying in the recesses or on the surface of the stone. The marks of primitive tools are clearly visible on the surface. The holes are ancient, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, few natural fissures to the stone.Weight: 36.3 gDimensions: Length 7.4 cmLiterature comparison: Related tiger talismans are published throughout Burmese Gemstone Amulets and Talismans Volume 1 (part of the series From the Collection of Dr. Zelnik), Budapest 2016, with a particularly similar piece on pages 140/141. 

Champa, Tra Kieu style, 10th-12th century. The richly decorated pectoral of an elegantly curved three-pronged shape, with fine repoussé depicting Ganesha dancing surrounded by scrolling cloud designs, and set with many different gemstones, seven gemstones above Ganesha’s head forming a flower. Two gold hooks allow the pectoral to be worn as a necklace.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as some verdigris and soil encrustations.Weight: 46.5 gDimensions: Size 10 x 13.8 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 151, Budapest 2013. Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, page 73, Issue 4, 2020.Alloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Khmer Empire, Angkor period, 10th-13th century. The plaques with fine repoussé depicting a dancing deity wearing a crown, flanked by two mythical beasts, and surrounded by leafy vines.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with few small losses, minor expected traces of age and wear, and soil encrustations.Weight: 93.6 gDimensions: Size 16.8 x 13.6 cm 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The opaque stone of black color, the lingam of phallic form, set in a gold pendant with four Garuda heads. Garuda is a legendary bird of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain mythology, a divine eagle-like sun bird and the king of birds as well as the mount of Vishnu.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 31.0 gDimensions: Length 5 cm 

Champa, 10th-14th century. One box of globular shape and two of octagonal form, each executed in fine repoussé with floral and geometric designs, two with skillfully executed repoussé floral marks to the base.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition commensurate with age, with extensive traces of age and wear, few small losses, two boxes with areas of verdigris.Weight: 72.0 g (total)Dimensions: Height 2.5 cm (the shortest), 6 cm (the tallest)Published: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 197, Budapest 2013 (the mid-sized box, erroneously described as from Cambodia, Angkor period).Literature comparison: A similar octagonal medicine box is in the National Museum of Cambodia, inventory number Ga.5732. 

Burma, 8th-10th century. The ring with a broad, finely curved shoulder, the top set with a large ruby of pigeon blood color and with a weight of at least 2 ct.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Two small gemstones on the shoulder are missing, otherwise in very good condition with few minor traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 8.0 gDimensions: Size 3.3 x 3.5 cm, Inner Diameter 2.7 cm 

Champa, 10th-12th century. Each of the gold earrings with a rectangular emerald in a starshaped setting.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 7.7 gDimensions: Size 1.5 x 2 cm 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-5th century. The ring of elegant shape with broad shoulders and small top carved only with a single groove, continuing into the ring band, the shoulders with horn-like protuberances, the stone of good clarity with some natural inclusions.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 8.6 gDimensions: Size 3.5 x 3 cm, Inner Diameter 1.9 cm 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The box of square form with a square pyramidshaped cover surmounted by a round stepped finial. Finely executed in repoussé with male deities under arches on the box and Nandi bulls on the cover, all surrounded by scrolling cloud designs, and set with multiple gemstones (spinel, amethyst, zircon, and almandine), one on each side of the box and four on the finial as well as a pierced gemstone bead at the top.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some small dents and minor bending, soil encrustations, and a fine malachite-green patina in some areas, particularly to the interior.Weight: 164.1 gDimensions: Size 11.5 x 9 x 9 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 145, Budapest 2013. This piece will also be featured in the upcoming book Gold and Silver Masterpieces from the Collection of Dr. Zelnik, to be published in 2021.Alloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %.Literature Comparison: A similar piece is published in Gold Treasures of the Cham kingdoms from the Collection of Dr. Zelnik Volume 2, no. 108 (pages 90-92), Budapest 2008, which is also published in Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, pages 72 and 117/118, Issue 4, 2020. 

Champa, 10th century. The crown finely executed in repoussé with a sculptural phoenix emerging from the center with large wings, surrounded by scrolling clouds, and further decorated with floral and geometric designs.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 183.1 gDimensions: Height 9 cm, Width 19.7 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 41, Budapest 2013.  

Samon Valley Culture, 800 BC-200 AD. The mostly opaque stone of a mottled spinach-green tone, carved and incised as a seated monkey with one hand in front of its chest and the other on top of its head, showing a quizzical expression with round bulging eyes. Pierced through the monkey’s neck to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is an aventurine and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, boring and grinding. The color is original and natural. There are no traces of dye in the recesses of the stone. There are clearly visible traces of authentic ancient craftsmanship on the surface. The stone has been cleaned by hand. There are reddish sandy deposits in the recesses of the surface. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 84.5 gDimensions: Height 7.2 cm 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The gold relief finely executed in repoussé depicting Durga, the goddess of war and warrior form of Uma, wife of Shiva, standing on a separately crafted silver lotus base executed in repoussé as well. The deity richly adorned in jewelry, with prominent naked breasts, wearing a long flowing skirt and an elaborate crown. The face showing a benign expression with a subtle smile, broad nose, almond-shaped eyes, and a mustache.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, little verdigris, and soil encrustations.Weight: 147.4 gDimensions: Height 23 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 99, Budapest 2013, and Gold Treasures of the Cham Kingdoms from the Collection of Dr. Zelnik Volume 1, no. 55 (pages 59 and 104), Budapest 2007. Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, inside back cover, Issue 4, 2020.Assay data: Gold 61-62 %, Silver 36-37 %, traces of copper and zinc (the plaque). Silver 95-96 %, Copper 2-3 %, traces of gold, iron, and zinc (the base). 

Burma, 19th century. The ring top set with a large oval ruby, the shoulder set with two smaller round rubies surrounded by fine gold thread decorations, each small ruby appearing as a rose with the gold thread forming the stalk and leaves. Hallmarked at the bottom of the ring band.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Excellent condition with few minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 10.8 gDimensions: Size 2.6 x 2.6 cm, Inner Diameter 2.1 cm 

Champa, 10th century. The crown with fine repoussé depicting the head of Shiva flanked by two dancing apsaras and further decorated with foliate, geometric, and scrolling designs.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above. Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some minor bending, and soil encrustations.Weight: 35.9 gDimensions: Height 7.7 cm, Length 16 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, pages 110/111, Budapest 2013, and Gold Treasures of the Cham Kingdoms from the Collection of Dr. Zelnik Volume 1, no. 1 (pages 38/39 and 86), Budapest 2007. Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, page 51, Issue 4, 2020.Assay data: 66-67 % Gold, 29-30 % Silver, 2% Copper, traces of iron and zinc. 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The opaque stone of a mottled spinach-green tone with natural white and dark inclusions, skillfully carved as a seated monkey looking sideways with its hands clasped together behind its head, as if trying to hide a piece of food or precious object it has found. Pierced through the monkey’s hands and legs to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is a green aventurine and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, boring and grinding. The color is original and natural. The stone has been cleaned by hand while preserving the fine ancient patina. There are no traces of dying in the recesses of the stone. The marks of authentic ancient craftsmanship are clearly visible. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, funnel-shaped, with no signs of modern intervention. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 24.1 gDimensions: Height 5.5 cm 

Champa, 15th-18th century. The betel holder of cylindrical shape tapering upwards from the recessed circular base to a stepped conical finial, finely incised with leafy vines and fruit.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some white betel residue to the interior.Weight: 129.7 gDimensions: Height 12.1 cmLiterature comparison: Similar pieces in gold are published in The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 195, Budapest 2013. Another gold betel nut container of the same form is published in Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, page 47, Issue 4, 2020. 

Champa, 16th-19th century. The finely worked repoussé gold top element depicting a recumbent Nandi, the holy white bull of Hindu mythology and mount of Shiva, surrounded by scrolling cloud designs, the comb crafted from silver.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with minor traces of age and wear, the stone with some natural inclusions.Weight: 31.3 gDimensions: Size 5.4 x 5.4 cmPublished: Gold Treasures of the Cham Kingdoms from the Collection of Dr.Zelnik Volume 2, no. 4 (pages 57 and 97), Budapest 2008 (erroneously described as 10th to 11th century). Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, page 95, Issue 4,2020.Assay data: Gold 65-67 %, Silver 29-30 %, Copper 2-3 %, traces of iron and zinc. 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The translucent stone of a pale red color with natural dark inclusions, finely carved and incised as a small dog in an alert position with upright ears and a stubby tail. Pierced through the dog’s neck and behind to allow suspension as a pendant.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is an agate and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring, and grinding. The color is original and natural. The stone has been cleaned in a tumbler and re-polished by hand to a smooth and shiny surface. There are clear marks of authentic ancient craftsmanship. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 13.6 gDimensions: Size 2.5 x 4 cm 

Champa, 10th-13th century. The large ring with broad shoulders and a finely carved and incised top depicting a recumbent Makara with the hindlegs bent and an elephant trunk curled upwards over the head. Makara is a legendary sea-creature in Hindu mythology, appearing as the vahana (vehicle) of the river goddess Ganga, Narmada, and of the sea god Varuna. Makara are considered guardians of gateways and thresholds, protecting throne rooms as well as entryways to temples.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 23.0 gDimensions: Size 3.2 x 3.3 cm, Inner Diameter 2.1 cmAlloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Pyu city-states, 8th-10th century. The ring with broad shoulders, the oval top set with a dark agate intaglio showing an inscription and richly decorated with gold thread forming beads and a spiraling cord.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 5.1 gDimensions: Size 2.7 x 3.1 cm, Inner Diameter 2.4 cmAlloy composition range: Gold between 17-22 karat, the remainder consisting of various metals commensurate with the period. 

Burma, early 20th century. The bowl finely executed in repoussé showing seven animals and mythical beasts within reserves on the sides, including a phoenix, a dragon, a monkey, a mongoose, and a tiger, surrounded by floral and geometric designs, the base with a neatly impressed, elaborate mark of a peacock, one of the national animals of Burma.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Excellent condition with few minor traces of wear.Weight: 153.4 gDimensions: Height 7.7 cm, Diameter 10.6 cm 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The head displaying the classic iconography of Shiva, the central deity of the Cham people, with long earlobes and piled up locks of hair. The face showing a fine, calm expression with almond-shaped eyes, one uninterrupted bow-shaped eyebrow below the third eye, a broad nose, an elegantly curved mustache, and thick lips forming a subtle smile. Gold and silver Shiva heads such as this one once belonged to mukhalingas but were often separated due to the weak riveting used to fix the heads to the linga bodies.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with minor traces of age and wear, little verdigris here and there, some discoloration, and a fine iron-red patina.Weight: 146.6 gDimensions: Height 12.3 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 174, Budapest 2013. Jean-François Hubert, The Art of Champa, page 98, New York 2015. 

Cambodia or Laos, 10th-12th century. The gold plaque with fine repoussé and neatly incised details depicting Buddha standing on a lotus dais, his right hand raised in abhaya mudra, wearing a samghati draped over the left shoulder, showing a calm expression with downcast eyes, long earlobes, a broad nose, and a subtle smile, and wearing a crown.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with some minor bending, traces of age and wear, as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 3.0 gDimensions: Size 8.5 x 3.7 cm 

Vietnam, 16th-18th century. The box and cover of globular shape, decorated at the top and bottom with flower petals of gold wire, and connected with a gold chain.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some verdigris here and there, and a small crack to the cover.Weight: 9.9 gDimensions: Height 1.3 cm, Diameter 2.2 cm 

Burma, 18th-19th century. The small yet impressively crafted box and cover of compressed globular form with a splayed foot, the cover with a conical protuberance reminiscent of a stupa around which eight oval rubies are set in a floral composition, the settings with fine gold wire decorations in the form of flower petals, the box and cover finely executed in repoussé with floral and foliate designs.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some small dents.Weight: 28.6 gDimensions: Height 6.7 cm 

Champa, 10th-14th century. The box of compressed globular form, executed in fine repoussé with overlapping lotus leaves, the cover with a finial in the form of a closed lotus bud.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as few soil encrustations to the interior.Weight: 104.0 gDimensions: Height 7 cm, Diameter 7.7 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 72, Budapest 2013 (erroneously described as Ayutthaya, 14th-15th century).Alloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The bowl finely executed in repoussé with the sides showing phoenixes with long, sinuously coiled and intertwined bodies, a small cloud above each phoenix’ head, framed by floral, foliate and geometric borders, the flat circular base left unhammered.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 210.0 gDimensions: Height 10.6 cm, Base Diameter 10.9 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 73, Budapest 2013. Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, on the cover (!), Issue 4, 2020. 

Champa, 9th-10th century. The ritual object finely executed in repoussé and consisting of several separately crafted pieces representing a lotus pod in the center surrounded by open leaves, all on a lotus base, likely used as an altar ornament.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with some minor bending and tears, some small losses, and minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 444.9 gDimensions: Height 13.5 cm, Base Diameter 17.3 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 149, Budapest 2013. 

Champa, 12th-14th century. The dish executed in fine repoussé, showing four monkeys in the center of the well surrounded by a geometric border, with a scrolling tendril border around the rim.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with minor traces of wear, some tears and associated losses to the well, a tear to the rim as well.Weight: 93.7 gDimensions: Diameter 19.4 cmAlloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The hairpin with a finial in fine repoussé showing the head of Ganesha on all four sides, crowned by two small balls, the lower one set with four gemstones and the upper one set with a gemstone at the top, all richly decorated with gold thread and small gold beads.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with expected minor traces of age and wear as wellas few soil encrustations.Weight: 24.4 gDimensions: Length 18 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 68, Budapest 2013.Alloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Champa, 10th-12th century. The pectoral of rectangular form, with fine repoussé depicting Ganesha seated in dhyanasana, his long trunk reaching his protruding belly, and wearing a sash around his torso, surrounded by scrolling cloud designs, and set with six gemstones, three above Ganesha’s head and three below him. Two gold hooks allow the pectoral to be worn as a necklace.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 17.7 gDimensions: Size 6.3 x 9.1 cmAlloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %. 

Pyu city-states, 2nd-10th century. The translucent stone of a greyish-white tone with amber and dark brown bands, finely carved as a tiger with the back arched and the front paws extended forwards as if preparing to pounce at its prey. Pierced through the tiger’s mouth and tail to allow suspension as a pendant. This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stone is a natural banded ‘honey’ agate and the talisman is original, ancient, cut by hand with carving, chiseling, boring and grinding. The color is original and natural, with no traces of dye in the cracks. The stone has been cleaned in a tumbler and re-polished by hand to a shiny and smooth surface. The holes are ancient, handmade, irregular, and funnel-shaped. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 18.0 gDimensions: Length 7.3 cmLiterature comparison: Similar tiger talismans are published throughout Burmese Gemstone Amulets and Talismans Volume 1 (part of the series From them Collection of Dr. Zelnik), Budapest 2016. 

Champa, 10th-15th century. The betel holder of cylindrical shape tapering upwards to a stepped conical finial. The slightly recessed circular base executed in fine repoussé showing a tiger, indicating this piece was crafted by a Chamking’s personal goldsmith or workshop. This fine gold betel nut container was likely once a gift to a Vietnamese emperor from a Cham king.Provenance: Ex-collection of Bao Dai, last emperor of the Nguyen dynasty (a letter of provenance signed by Dr. Zelnik will be handed out to the winning bidder upon request). Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum, acquired from the above. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some soil encrustations, as well as white betel residue to the interior.Weight: 44.4 gDimensions: Height 9.5 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 195, Budapest 2013.Alloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %.Literature comparison: A very similiar gold betel nut container is published in Art of Champa, Arts of Southeast Asia, page 47, Issue 4, 2020. 

Samon Valley culture or early Pyu city-states, 800 BC-5th century AD. The ancient necklace consisting of 31 amethyst beads of oval and round shapes, pale to deep lavender color, and varying translucency, held together by a modern plastic string.This piece was personally examined by Burmese American archaeologist and gemologist Terence Tan, a leading expert in Pyu art and Burmese gemstones, and Hungarian gemologist Dr. József Takács. Their analysis finds that the stones are rare pink-colored amethysts, original, ancient, cut, carved, chiseled, bored, and ground. The beads are of different sizes and all made by hand using primitive tools. The color is original and natural. The stone has been cleaned by hand while preserving the fine ancient patina. There are no traces of later dying in the recesses of the stone. The beads have been cleaned by hand while preserving the fine ancient patina. The holes are ancient, handmade, and irregular. A certificate signed by Dr. Zelnik attesting to the above will be handed to the winning bidder upon request.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear, some natural fissures to the stones, and surface scratches. Weight: 62.3 gDimensions: Length 49 cmPublished: Burmese Gemstone Beads From The Collection of Dr. Zelnik, no. BR. 856 (page 375), Budapest 2019. 

Champa, 8th-10th century. The gold plaques of rectangular form, each executed in fine repoussé depicting a standing elephant with distinctive features, such as the large ears, long trunk, and curved tusks, and with the tail raised high, as well as embossed with Sanskrit or old Cham characters. Each plaque pierced with small holes in all four corners for attachment.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Very good condition with minor traces of age and wear as well as soil encrustations.Weight: 5.0 gDimensions: Size 5.2 x 4.1 cm and 5 x 3.7 cmAlloy composition range: Gold 64-72 %, Silver 24-28 %, Copper 2-4 %.Literature comparison: A similar piece is published in The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 184, Budapest 2013. Two related plaques are also in the National Museum of Cambodia, inventory numbers NMC.325 and NMC.323. 

Champa, 15th-16th century. The plaque finely executed in repoussé depicting Vishnu, one of the principle deities of Hinduism, four-armed and holding the Sudarshana Chakra (war disk), a conch, a mace, and a divine jewel in his hands, wearing a high crown, richly adorned in jewelry, the face with a fine expression with arched brows, almond-shaped eyes, a broad nose, and slender lips, a halo behind his head, the attendant child to Vishnu’s side holding a lotus flower high above his head.Provenance: Ex-Collection of The Zelnik István Southeast Asian Gold Museum. Institutional art collection in Belgium, acquired from the above.Condition: Good condition with some minor bending and tears, some small losses, and minor traces of age and wear.Weight: 98.0 gDimensions: Size 33.9 x 19 cmPublished: The Zelnik Istvan Southeast Asian Gold Museum, page 40, Budapest 2013.