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Neolithic Period, 8th-2nd millennium B.C. Slender two-edged scraper blade. 178 grams, 18.1 cm (7 1/8 in.). [No Reserve]From a Cambridgeshire, UK, collection formed mostly before 2000. From the collection of a South West London, UK, specialist Stone Age collector.

Neolithic Period, 3500-1500 B.C. Ellipsoid in plan and plano-convex in section with rounded cutting edge. 31.7 grams, 76 mm (3 in.). [No Reserve]Found North Africa. From a collection formed during the 1970s-1980s and acquired on the British art market. By descent to the current owner in 1988. From the collection of a South West London, UK, specialist Stone Age collector.

Neolithic Period, 4th-2nd millennium B.C. Each with inked legend 'Wanel'; one tongue-shaped and the other lozengiform. 316 grams total, 11.4-11.7 cm (4 1/2 - 4 5/8 in.). [2, No Reserve]Found Wanel, France. Ex Norfolk, UK, private collection of French artefacts acquired prior to 2000. From the collection of a South West London, UK, specialist Stone Age collector.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. or later. A carved and polished figurine with rounded head and broad shoulders, folded arms resting on each side of the protruding belly, legs folded beneath the body; mounted on a custom-made stand. Cf. Morris, D., The Art of Ancient Cyprus, Oxford, 1985, figs.108-109, p.119, for similar idols; Various, Idoles, Au commencement etait l’image, A la Reine Margot, 22 Novembre 1990-28 Fevrier 1991, Paris, 1990, figs.10-11, for similar; also see the view of Caldwell, Duncan, The Use of Animals in Birth Protection Rituals and Possible Uses of Stone Figurines from the Central Sahel, 2015 winter issue, vol.48, no.4, Nov., pp.14-25. 365 grams total, 94 mm including stand (3 3/4 in.). [No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.Most scholars consider these as symbols of the fertility cult and as evidence of the existence of a matriarchal society as a form of organisation of the earliest human society. The people of the Stone Age may have considered figures such as this to represent women and mothers with their life-giving powers, or as depictions of the ancestors.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. or later. Group of three carved and polished figurines with rounded heads and broad shoulders, folded arms resting on each side, legs folded beneath the body; each mounted on a custom-made stand. Cf. Morris, D., The Art of Ancient Cyprus, Oxford, 1985, figs.107,109, p.119, for similar idols; Various, Idoles, Au commencement etait l’image, A la Reine Margot, 22 Novembre 1990-28 Fevrier 1991, Paris, 1990, figs. 10-11, for similar; also see Caldwell, Duncan, ‘The Use of Animals in Birth Protection Rituals and Possible Uses of Stone Figurines from the Central Sahel’ in African Arts, UCLA, 2015 Winter issue, vol.48, no.4, Nov., pp.14-25, fig.5, especially letters C,H,J. 1.27 kg total, 8.7-11.5 cm including stand (3 3/8 - 4 1/2 in.). [3, No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent. Accompanied by an academic report by Dr Raffaele D’Amato. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.12351-223248.Most scholars consider these as symbols of the fertility cult and as evidence of the existence of a matriarchal society as a form of organisation of the earliest human society. The people of the Stone Age may have considered figures such as this to represent women and mothers with their life-giving powers, or as depictions of the ancestors.

Neolithic, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Two scaphoid and plano-convex in section, one barbed and tanged. 26 grams total, 43-90 mm (1 5/8 - 3 1/2 in.). [3, No Reserve]Old French collection. Private collection, London.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Finely polished flint axehead with broad curved edge; chipped and broken, probably re-used as a draw-knife or spokeshave using the exposed curved edges; old inked legend 'Nr. Beachy H[ead] / polished + broken / flint celt / 10.6.64'. 143 grams, 79 mm (3 1/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Beachy Head, South Downs, Sussex, UK. Acquired from Oxford, UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N165; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Ellipsoid in section with gently curved cutting edge; butt chipped, pecked surface. 286 grams, 12.5 cm (4 7/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Cambridgeshire, UK. Acquired from the collection of B.R. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N186; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. With broad curved edge and rounded butt; scored. 113 grams, 82 mm (3 1/4 in.). [No Reserve]Found Rivière sur Tarn, Aveyron, France. Acquired in Oxford, UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N176; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6000 B.P. Fully polished; with old collector's label 'Collection Boisgonlier' and inked accession number to reverse '[.]1014[.]'. 118 grams, 83 mm (3 1/4 in.). [No Reserve]Found France. From the Boisgontier collection, Germany. Acquired on the UK art market. From the private collection of an East Anglian, UK, collector.

Neolithic-Bronze Age, 6th-4th millennium B.P. Knapped flint axehead broken at the edge, with lateral flakes removed for the production of knife blades. 194 grams, 94 mm (3 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]Ex Alan Cherry, Bournemouth, UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.BA1A; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent. Accompanied by an old Alan Cherry dealer's ticket.

Neolithic-Early Bronze Age, circa 6000-4500 B.P. Lentoid in section, tapering from a rounded butt to a broad curved edge. 381 grams, 13.3 cm (5 1/4 in.). [No Reserve]From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.BA201; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, 5th-3rd millennium B.C. Lentoid in section with rounded cutting edge, carinated butt formed as a phallus. 1.76 kg, 22 cm (8 3/4 in.). [No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Thick shank with rounded butt and narrow cutting edge; inked collector's reference 'F'. 531 grams, 17 cm (6 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Lincolnshire, UK. Acquired from a collector in Birmingham on 12th January 2003. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N146; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Ovate in plan and biconvex in section, from a large flake. 312 grams, 12.4 cm (4 7/8 in.). [No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. With gently curved cutting edge, triangular in plan with eccentrically placed socket. 476 grams, 12.5 cm (4 7/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N182; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.The socket features an internal step where the grinding faces did not perfectly match.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. or later. With broad curved blade, ellipsoid-section body, narrow butt; chipped. 420 grams, 14 cm (5 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]Found Sheravoys Hills, Madras, India, circa 1922. Acquired Hemel Hempstead, UK, 31st April 2004. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N152; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 3rd-early 2nd millennium B.C. Thin and slightly curved in section with long curved cutting edge; with inked find spot legend ' Giant Racloir / Grimes Graves / 1918' and label to reverse 'PO204'. 328 grams, 14.5 cm (5 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Grimes Graves, UK, in 1918. Acquired from a Buckingham, UK, collection. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N189; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic-Early Bronze Age, circa 6000-4500 B.P. Lentoid in section and ovate in plan, with rounded butt. Cf. MacGregor, A. (ed.), Antiquities from Europe and the Near East in the Collection of Lord MacAlpine of West Green, Oxford, 1987, item 1.18, for general type. 769 grams, 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.IA27; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. or later. Slender with a narrow rounded butt and shallow cutting edge; chipped; old collector's label 'H Veysie, F[rance]'. 369 grams, 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]Believed to be ex H. Veysie collection, France. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N187; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Biconvex in profile with rippling to both faces. 256 grams, 13.5 cm (5 1/4 in.). [No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. With hammer-face to the butt, thick edge, scooped rims to the socket. Cf. MacGregor, A. (ed.), Antiquities from Europe and the Near East in the Collection of Lord MacAlpine of West Green, Oxford, 1987, item 4.166. 1.16 kg, 15.2 cm (6 in.). [No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, circa 6000-4500 B.P. Substantial 'livre de beurre' core with evidence of many flakes removed; with inked find spot legend 'Les Foulons / Abilly / Indre-Loire (FR)' and sticker with accession number '14'. 2.86 kg, 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Les Foulons, Abilly, Indre-Loire, France. Acquired on the European art market. From an old collection which was sold after the finder passed away. From the private collection of an East Anglian, UK, collector.Notable for the very large, long straight blade taken from one face.

9th-11th century A.D. or earlier. Decorated sheet gold sleeve, hoof-shaped stone mounted in the socket; loop absent. 0.18 grams, 10 mm (3/8 in.). [No Reserve]Acquired on the UK art market before 2000. Property of an Essex, UK, gentleman.This amulet was believed to offer protection against 'Elfshot'. The attack of elves was believed responsible for mysterious suffering in men and livestock: sudden shooting pains localised to a particular area of the body, such as in rheumatism, arthritis or muscle stitches or cramps. Elves were thought to shoot darts or arrows where such pains had no obvious external cause. Belief in elfshot persisted into the 20th century in rural areas, and as proof country folk would sometimes find small arrowheads (the remains of Neolithic or Mesolithic flints, or naturally-occurring spear-shaped stones) that were believed to be the magical weapons that caused the afflictions. Belief in elfshot began in the Pagan Germanic period.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Of biconvex section with narrow butt and broad gently curved edge. Cf. MacGregor, A. (ed.), Antiquities from Europe and the Near East in the Collection of Lord MacAlpine of West Green, Oxford, 1987, item 4.44, for type. 384 grams, 14 cm (5 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Ovoid in section with rounded butt and curved cutting edge. 1.1 kg, 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.). [No Reserve]Old French collection. Private collection, London.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Comprising mostly bifacial and uniface leaf-shaped and scaphoid flint and chert arrowheads; probably from the Sahara region of North Africa. See Greenwell, David, F., Artefacts of North Africa, privately published, 2005, for much information. 96 grams total, 21-37 mm (3/4 - 1 3/8 in.). [50, No Reserve]UK gallery, early 2000s.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. or later. Triangular in profile with ground hole below the apex; chipped. 256 grams, 10.2 cm (4 in.). [No Reserve]From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N202; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic-Early Bronze Age, circa 6000-4500 B.P. Tapering columnar form with rounded butt, chipped edges to striking face. Cf. MacGregor, A., (ed.), Antiquities from Europe and the Near East in the Collection of Lord MacAlpine of West Green, Oxford, 1987, item 6.23, for type. 766 grams, 14.3 cm (5 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]From an old British collection, Buckinghamshire, UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.BA23; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. With broad curved edge and flat rear striking face; shank smoothed but unfinished. 270 grams, 94 mm (3 3/4 in.). [No Reserve]Possibly Irish. Acquired in Oxford, UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N170; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Comprising mostly bifacial and uniface leaf-shaped and scaphoid flint and chert arrowheads; probably from the Sahara region of North Africa. See Greenwell, David, F., Artefacts of North Africa, privately published, 2005, for much information. 322 grams total, 29-69 mm (1 - 2 3/4 in.). [50, No Reserve]UK gallery, early 2000s.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Ellipsoid in section with rounded butt, curved and polished cutting edge. 587 grams, 14 cm (5 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]Possibly Scottish. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N194; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Comprising mostly bifacial and uniface scaphoid flint and chert arrowheads; probably from the Sahara region of North Africa. See Greenwell, David, F., Artefacts of North Africa, privately published, 2005, for much information. 51 grams total, 26-49 mm (1 - 2 in.). [50, No Reserve]UK gallery, early 2000s.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Each lentoid in section with rounded butt and thick edge. 478 grams total, 76-86 mm (3 - 3 3/8 in.). [3, No Reserve]Found North Africa. Ex Ian Richardson collection, Sunderland, UK. From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, 3rd millennium B.C. Comprising a biconvex jar with flared rim, ridged leather texture to the body and shoulder. 920 grams, 19 cm (7 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]Acquired prior to 2004. Ex Cheuk family collection, London, UK.

Neolithic Period, circa 6,000 B.P. Mixed group of grey flint scrapers and other tools; with inked find spot legend 'Touvent'. 151 grams total, 59-80 mm (2 1/4 - 3 1/8 in.). [10, No Reserve]Found Touvent, Northern France. From an old French collection. Acquired on the UK art market. From the private collection of an East Anglian, UK, collector.

Neolithic Period, 4th-2nd millennium B.C. Plano-convex and lentoid-section with some cortex to surface; each with inked find spot 'Hedencourt'. 306 grams total, 76-89 mm (3 - 3 1/2 in.). [3, No Reserve]Found Hedencourt, France. Ex Norfolk, UK, private collection of French artefacts acquired prior to 2000. From the collection of a South West London, UK, specialist Stone Age collector.

Neolithic Period, early 3rd millennium B.C. A squat pot with carinated profile, slightly everted rim, band of impressed linear ornament to the neck and chevrons to the shoulder. See Briard, J., The Bronze Age in Barbarian Europe, London, 1979, for discussion. 760 grams, 16 cm wide (6 1/4 in.). [No Reserve]Acquired in the late 1950s. From the family collection of a South East London collector.

9th-11th century A.D. or earlier. Comprising a D-shaped gold cap with arched recesses to each flat face, integral loop above, inset crystal bead with reserved pellet eyes. 0.59 grams, 14 mm (1/2 in.).Acquired 1980-2015. Ex Abelita family collection.This amulet was believed to offer protection against 'Elfshot'. The attack of elves was believed responsible for mysterious suffering in men and livestock: sudden shooting pains localised to a particular area of the body, such as in rheumatism, arthritis or muscle stitches or cramps. Elves were thought to shoot darts or arrows where such pains had no obvious external cause. Belief in elfshot persisted into the 20th century in rural areas, and as proof country folk would sometimes find small arrowheads (the remains of Neolithic or Mesolithic flints, or naturally-occurring spear-shaped stones) that were believed to be the magical weapons that caused the afflictions. Belief in elfshot began in the Pagan Germanic period.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Ovate in plan and lentoid in section. Cf. MacGregor, A. (ed.), Antiquities from Europe and the Near East in the Collection of Lord MacAlpine of West Green, Oxford, 1987, item 1.18, for type. 73 grams, 67 mm (2 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Comprising mostly bifacial and uniface flint and chert arrowheads; probably from the Sahara region of North Africa. See Greenwell, David, F., Artefacts of North Africa, privately published, 2005, for much information. 110 grams total, 22-48 mm (7/8 - 1 7/8 in.). [50, No Reserve]UK gallery, early 2000s.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th millennium B.C. Polished cordate form with pointed butt. 900 grams, 21 cm (8 1/4 in.). [No Reserve]Found UK. Ex British collection. Acquired from a Buckingham, UK, collection. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N193; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, 4th-2nd millennium B.C. Biconvex in section with long cutting edges; each with inked find spot 'Troussencourt'. 398 grams total, 8.3-10.5 cm (3 1/4 - 4 1/8 in.). [4, No Reserve]Found Troussencourt, France. Ex Norfolk, UK, private collection of French artefacts acquired prior to 2000. From the collection of a South West London, UK, specialist Stone Age collector.

Neolithic Period, circa 6,000 B.P. Scrapers, points and other tools from multiple sites in France, mostly with inked legend indicating findspot: 'Blangy', 'Les Plantins', 'Wanel', 'Le Monchel' and others. 203 grams total, 52-90 mm (2 - 3 1/2 in.). [13, No Reserve]Found Les Plantins, Blangy, Wanel, and Le Monchel, Northern France. From an old large French collection. Acquired on the UK art market. From the private collection of an East Anglian, UK, collector.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Small triangular axehead with bifacial blade, narrow square butt. 79 grams, 66 mm (2 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Pont-l'Abbé Finistère, Brittany, France. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N205; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Two with straight cutting edge, one with broad butt, one pointed and the third domed. 285 grams total, 56-65 mm (2 1/4 - 2 5/8 in.). [3, No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. Leaf-shaped flakes of curved profile, one with cortex to base; each with inked inscription: '#778', '#779' and '#784'. 158 grams total, 9.1-10.1 cm (3 1/2 - 4 in.). [3, No Reserve]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, 3900-1700 B.C. Rectangular in section with rounded butt and square edge. 43 grams, 69 mm (2 3/4 in.). [No Reserve]Ex old Nordic collection. Private collection, London.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Lentoid in section and trapezoidal in plan; old inked find spot legend 'Giants Causeway / IRE 94'. 235 grams, 90 mm (3 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]Found Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland, 1894. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N161; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, 4th-2nd millennium B.C. Comprising a discoid scraper and triangular piercing tool, with some remains of cortex; each with inked find spot 'Le Monchel'. 291 grams total, 7.4-12.2 mm (3 - 4 3/4 in.). [2, No Reserve]Found Le Monchel, France. Ex Norfolk, UK, private collection of French artefacts acquired prior to 2000. From the collection of a South West London, UK, specialist Stone Age collector.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. or later. Lentoid in section with faceted blade an butt; chipped; old find spot labels 'Kumasi / May 1922' and '53 '22'. 48 grams, 52 mm (2 in.). [No Reserve]Found Kumasi, Ghana. Acquired in Oxford, UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N163; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. or later. Tall with rounded profile, stub arms and head without facial detailing, vestigial legs; accompanied by a custom-made display stand. Cf. Morris, D., The Art of Ancient Cyprus, Oxford, 1985, figs.107-108, p.119, for similar idols; also see Caldwell, Duncan, ‘The Use of Animals in Birth Protection Rituals and Possible Uses of Stone Figurines from the Central Sahel’ in African Arts, UCLA, 2015 Winter issue, vol.48, no.4, Nov., pp.14-25, fig.5, letters Q-T, Y. 1.04 kg total, 23 cm high including stand (9 in.). [No Reserve][A video of this lot is available to view on Timeline Auctions Website]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent. Accompanied by an academic report by Dr Raffaele D’Amato. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.12352-223252.Most scholars consider these as symbols of the fertility cult and as evidence of the existence of a matriarchal society as a form of organisation of the earliest human society. The people of the Stone Age may have considered figures such as this to represent women and mothers with their life-giving powers, or as depictions of the ancestors.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Squat with square butt and broad edge; with inked find spot legend 'Te / St. Jumouel / Morbiham / France / Fr.63'. 171 grams, 73 mm (2 7/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found St Jumouel, Morbihan, Brittany, France, in 1863. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N167; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa mid 3rd millennium B.C. Cigar-shaped in profile and lntoid in section with small patch of cortex. 457 grams, 19.5 cm (7 5/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Old Sarum, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK. Acquired from Mr Edwards in November 2002. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N143; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Squat in profile with curved cutting edge, rounded butt; chipped. 197 grams, 96 mm (4 in.). [No Reserve]Possibly Scottish. Acquired from Oxford, UK. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N165; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 2800 B.C. Triangular in section with thick butt; unfinished. 456 grams, 15 cm (5 7/8 in.). [No Reserve]Found Craigllwyd axe factory site, Caernarvonshire, Wales. Acquired from Stephen Murray, in 1978. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N8; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. Rectangular in section with thick butt, bevelled cutting edge; old collector's reference 'N1' to butt. 283 grams, 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). [No Reserve]Possibly Scottish. Acquired from Stephen Murray, Blackburn, West Lothian, Scotland, in 1979. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N1; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent. Accompanied by copies of two old photographs, and two letters from the Royal Scottish Museum, and one from the British Museum regarding this axehead, all dated 1978/9.

Neolithic Period, 3rd millennium B.C. Comprising a bulbous body, conical neck, two lateral strap handles. 190 grams, 11.3 cm (4 1/2 in.). [No Reserve]Acquired from Ancient Art, London, UK, in 2011. Ex property of an Essex, UK, gentleman.

Neolithic Period, circa 6th-4th millennium B.C. or later. A carved and polished figurine with rounded head and broad shoulders, folded arms resting on each side of the protruding belly, legs folded beneath the body; mounted on a custom-made stand. Cf. Morris, D., The Art of Ancient Cyprus, Oxford, 1985, figs.108-109, p.119, for similar idols; Various, Idoles, Au commencement etait l’image, A la Reine Margot, 22 Novembre 1990-28 Fevrier 1991, Paris, 1990, figs.10-11, for similar; also see Caldwell, Duncan, The Use of Animals in Birth Protection Rituals and Possible Uses of Stone Figurines from the Central Sahel, 2015 winter issue, vol.48, no.4, Nov., pp.14-25. 1.07 kg total, 15.3 cm high including stand (6 in.). [No Reserve][A video of this lot is available to view on Timeline Auctions Website]From a collection acquired on the UK art market from various auction houses and collections mostly before 2000. From an important Cambridgeshire estate; thence by descent.Most scholars consider these as symbols of the fertility cult and as evidence of the existence of a matriarchal society as a form of organisation of the earliest human society. The people of the Stone Age may have considered figures such as this to represent women and mothers with their life-giving powers, or as depictions of the ancestors.

Neolithic Period, circa 4th-3rd millennium B.C. The hammer ellipsoid in section with flattened ends, inked reference 'N6'; the blade D-shaped with biconvex edge, chipped, with inked reference 'N5'. 215 grams total, 60-79 mm (2 3/8 - 3 1/8 in.). [2, No Reserve]Found Tievebarragh Co., Antrim, Northern Ireland. Acquired from Peter Farncis, in 1979. From the private collection of Kenneth Machin (1936-2020), Buckinghamshire, UK; with collection no.N5 & 6; his collection of antiquities and natural history was formed since 1948; thence by descent.