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A large fossil fishSantana formation, Brazil, Cretaceous36cm.; 14ins longProvenance: Emmen Zoo Collection. See footnote to lot 1 for more information.The Santana Formation of Brazil was formed during the Cretaceous Period around 90 million years ago. Pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and insects have been found in the rocks, but it is the wonderfully preserved fossil fish for which the formation is most famous, and these often show the whole creature in perfect detail. Nowadays the export of Santana fossils is banned and the only examples available are those that left Brazil before the ban was imposed. This ban, which was imposed with the best of intentions, has unfortunately proved counter-productive. Mining activities for the production of cement and building materials constantly uncover new fossils, but due to the ban these are now usually crushed along with the rest of the rocks and are therefore lost forever.
Fossil skeleton: A rare fossilised Eohippus skeletonSouth Dakota, early Eocene122cm.; 48ins long Eohippus, literally |dawn horse| from the Greek eos (dawn) and hippos (horse) was a small ungulate found in North America and dates from the early Eocene. First described by Othniel C. Marsh in 1876.Provenance: Emmen Zoo Collection. See footnote to lot 1 for more information.
Fossil skeleton: A rare fossilised Sabre tooth cat, probably Hoplophoneus primaevusNorth America, late Eocene/early Oligocene120cm.; 47ins longProvenance: Emmen Zoo Collection. See footnote to lot 1 for more information.Sabre toothed cats evolved over a considerable period of time and several different genus’ the principle ones being the Nimravids and the Smilodons, producing 6 and three species respectively. Confusingly none were closely related to present day cats The most famous |Smilodon| or the sabre tooth tiger is now recognized as three different species each being termed sabre toothed cats and evolved much later in the Pleistocene (2.5 m.y.a. -10,000 years ago).The Nimravids were a much earlier genus of sabre tooth cats dating from the middle Eocene to late Miocene. They have now been classified in their own family the Barbourofelids. The Nimravids were first described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1880. It is believed the Nimravids were forest dwellers and probably lead similar lives to modern day leopards. Their disappearance from the fossil record follows the change in north America from forest to a more savanna like landscape, the family surviving longest in Europe.Hoplophoneus was the largest toothed of the Nimravids and lived in North America between the late Eocene and early Oligocene. Its limbs were shorter than modern day cats and like the smilodons it had a pronounced flange on the lower jaw.
A circular black lacquered jewellery box containing a collection of costume jewellery, etc, to include cufflinks decorated with dogs, necklaces, polished fossil pendant, a seal, bracelets, etc, together with a small tub containing a collection of silver and other jewellery to include bangles, ashtray in the form of a horseshoe, a collection of various cufflinks and a small Royal Worcester porcelain bust of a horse titled "Pyroeis"
Neolithic, 3rd millennium BC or later. A fully polished bifacial and symmetric axe with sharply pointed butt and convex cutting edge; the sides deeply grooved from butt towards the edge, for about two thirds of the length; with oval perforation to receive a haft; in fossil wood of an extinct species of palm. 890 grams, 17cm (6 3/4"). From an old British private collection; formed between 1975 and 1985. The orientation of the hafting hole is in the wrong axis for a working implement; with the carefully selected material giving an effective artistic appearance, it is felt that this piece is ceremonial in nature. Very fine condition; with old patina. Rare.
2250-2150 BC. A shell cylinder seal with frieze of figures; accompanied by an old scholarly note, typed and signed by W.G. Lambert, late Professor of Assyriology, University of Birmingham, 1970-1993, which states: 'Cylinder seal of Fossil Shell, 34.5 x 20 mm. The design shows the water-god Enki / Ea, seated on a stool wearing a long flounced robe and horned tiara, while raising one hand. Streams of water flow from his shoulders. In front of him are three standing figures: immediately in front a god in long, pleated robe and horned tiara, raising one hand and with the other gripping a bird-god behind. The third standing figure is another god like the first, but he holds a long pole over one shoulder. This is an Akkadian seal, c. 2250-2150 B.C., from Mesopotamia or an adjacent area. It shows the wicked bird-god being brought before Enki for judgment. Though worn, the design can be made out.' 25 grams, 35mm (1 1/2"). Fine condition, worn. Property of a London gentleman; part of his family collection since the 1970s. This lot is part of a single collection of cylinder seals which were examined in the 1980s by Professor Lambert and most are accompanied by his own detailed notes; the collection has recently been reviewed by Dr. Ronald Bonewitz.
Cretaceous Period, 145-65 million years BP. Three fossil hadrosaur Charonosaurus eggs on matrix, from Xixia basin, Henan Province, China, retaining evidence of the original leathery surface. 6 kg, 27cm (10 1/2"). Fine condition. UK art market, acquired prior to 1980. The hadrosaurs are known as the duck-billed dinosaurs, due to the similarity of their heads to those of modern ducks. In addition to the duck bill, Charonosaurus also had a large head crest.
Cretaceous, 110-125 million years BP. A fossil hadrosaur Charonosaurus egg on matrix, from Xixia basin, Henan Province, China, retaining evidence of the original leathery surface. 246 grams, 14cm (5 1/2"). Fine condition. Acquired on the London art market prior to 1980. The hadrosaurs are known as the duck-billed dinosaurs, due to the similarity of their heads to those of modern ducks. In addition to the duck bill, Charonosaurus also had a large head crest.
Cretaceous Period, 180 million years BP. A group of ten dinosaur teeth, probably from the marine reptile Mosasaur sp., and showing striations and other detailing. 27 grams including tray, 14-21mm (1/2 - 1"). From a historic ‘Victorian Museum’ collection; from the stock of Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd (1981-2014); formerly with Gregory, Bottley & Co. (1932-1981) and previously with J. R. Gregory & Co. (1898-1932); originally in the collection of the famous James Reynolds Gregory (1858-1898"). This item is part of a historic collection of fossils and minerals which has recently been reviewed by leading geological expert, Dr. Ronald Bonewitz. James Reynolds Gregory (1832-1899) was one of the principle London mineral and fossil dealers during the second half of the 19th century. The company he founded was one of the longest surviving geological suppliers in the world, second only to Kranz of Germany. In 1858 James Gregory established his business selling polished stones, minerals and fossils from premises in King William Street. A few years later he moved to premises in Golden Square, Soho. He won prize medals at exhibitions in Paris (1867), Sydney (1879) and London (1862 and 1883"). He also formed a superb collection of meteorites, which was later sold by his sons to the Natural History Museum, London. On the death of his father in 1899 Albert Gregory took over the business, dealing from premises in Kensington, then 30 Old Church Street in Chelsea. He eventually sold the company in 1932 to Percy Bottley, and after his death in 1982 the premises were sold. The company was then acquired by Brian Lloyd who had started the Natural History sales at Sotheby's before dealing from his own premises in Pall Mall. Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd, as it became known, traded from Ricket Street and later Seagrave Road in Fulham. In 2008 the business and all of the stock and Victorian cabinets were moved out of London to Walmer in Kent. On the eventual retirement of Brian and Mary Lloyd in 2014, with none of their family interested in taking over the business, the stock was sold and is now dispersed. [10, No Reserve] Fair condition.
Cretaceous Period, 145-65 million years BP. A group of five fossil teeth from the dinosaur Spinosaurs maroccanus from the Tegana Formation, Taouz, Morocco. 143 grams total, 59-82mm (2 1/4 - 3 1/4"). From the collection of the palaeontologist R Gledhill; collected between 1930 and 1960. Spinosaurus was both a beachcomber-type scavenger and an active hunter, taking small stranded plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, turtles and large fish. [5, No Reserve] Fine condition.
Cretaceous Period, 145-65 million years BP. A large example of a fossil tooth with serration clearly visible and some enamel from Carcharodontosaurus saharicus dinosaur, the African equivalent of Tyrannosaurus rex, from the Tegana formation of the Sahara desert, Morocco. 16 grams, 57mm (2 1/4"). From the collection of the palaeontologist R Gledhill; collected between 1930 and 1960. The Carcharodontosaurus saharicus dinosaur was one of the largest predators of all time- larger than its distant North American Tyrannosaurus rex cousin - related to Allosaurus and to the South American Gigantosaurus. Fine condition.
Cretaceous Period, 145-65 million years BP. A large fossil tooth with good serrated edges and enamel from Bahariasaurus ingens, a mid-sized carnivore dinosaur from Morocco. 12 grams, 48mm (2"). From the collection of the palaeontologist R Gledhill; collected between 1930 and 1960. Although rare, the teeth are different from Carcharodontosaurus in being thinner but having a thicker more triangular X-section. Fine condition.
Cretaceous Period, 180 million years BP. A group of ten dinosaur teeth, probably from the marine reptile Mosasaur sp., and showing striations and other detailing. 16 grams including tray, 12-15mm (1/2"). From a historic ‘Victorian Museum’ collection; from the stock of Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd (1981-2014); formerly with Gregory, Bottley & Co. (1932-1981) and previously with J. R. Gregory & Co. (1898-1932); originally in the collection of the famous James Reynolds Gregory (1858-1898"). This item is part of a historic collection of fossils and minerals which has recently been reviewed by leading geological expert, Dr. Ronald Bonewitz. James Reynolds Gregory (1832-1899) was one of the principle London mineral and fossil dealers during the second half of the 19th century. The company he founded was one of the longest surviving geological suppliers in the world, second only to Kranz of Germany. In 1858 James Gregory established his business selling polished stones, minerals and fossils from premises in King William Street. A few years later he moved to premises in Golden Square, Soho. He won prize medals at exhibitions in Paris (1867), Sydney (1879) and London (1862 and 1883"). He also formed a superb collection of meteorites, which was later sold by his sons to the Natural History Museum, London. On the death of his father in 1899 Albert Gregory took over the business, dealing from premises in Kensington, then 30 Old Church Street in Chelsea. He eventually sold the company in 1932 to Percy Bottley, and after his death in 1982 the premises were sold. The company was then acquired by Brian Lloyd who had started the Natural History sales at Sotheby's before dealing from his own premises in Pall Mall. Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd, as it became known, traded from Ricket Street and later Seagrave Road in Fulham. In 2008 the business and all of the stock and Victorian cabinets were moved out of London to Walmer in Kent. On the eventual retirement of Brian and Mary Lloyd in 2014, with none of their family interested in taking over the business, the stock was sold and is now dispersed. [10, No Reserve] Fair condition.
. A museum-quality reproduction of a Scaphognathus crassisrostris pterosaur fossil from the famed Solendhfen lithographic limestone of Bavaria, Germany from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) Period. 570 grams, 24cm (9 1/2"). The meaning of the generic name is “Tub Jaw”. It had the same general aspect than Pterosauria rhamphorhynchus but with a shorter snout with teeth protruding vertically rather than horizontally. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Upper Jurassic Period, 150 million years BP. A fossil dorsal vertebra from an ichthyosaur, from the Kimmeridge Clay, Weymouth, Dorset, UK, mounted on a custom-made display stand. 640 grams, 15.5cm including stand (6"). From the collection of the palaeontologist R. Gledhill; collected between 1930 and 1960. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Eocene Period, 56-33 million years BP. A group of ten mixed species of fossil shark teeth including two Otodus obliquus, or Sand Shark teeth, from the Gregory, Bottley, and Lloyd collection. 16 grams including tray, 13-28mm (1/2 - 1"). From a historic ‘Victorian Museum’ collection; from the stock of Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd (1981-2014); formerly with Gregory, Bottley & Co. (1932-1981) and previously with J. R. Gregory & Co. (1898-1932); originally in the collection of the famous James Reynolds Gregory (1858-1898"). This item is part of a historic collection of fossils and minerals which has recently been reviewed by leading geological expert, Dr. Ronald Bonewitz. James Reynolds Gregory (1832-1899) was one of the principle London mineral and fossil dealers during the second half of the 19th century. The company he founded was one of the longest surviving geological suppliers in the world, second only to Kranz of Germany. In 1858 James Gregory established his business selling polished stones, minerals and fossils from premises in King William Street. A few years later he moved to premises in Golden Square, Soho. He won prize medals at exhibitions in Paris (1867), Sydney (1879) and London (1862 and 1883"). He also formed a superb collection of meteorites, which was later sold by his sons to the Natural History Museum, London. On the death of his father in 1899 Albert Gregory took over the business, dealing from premises in Kensington, then 30 Old Church Street in Chelsea. He eventually sold the company in 1932 to Percy Bottley, and after his death in 1982 the premises were sold. The company was then acquired by Brian Lloyd who had started the Natural History sales at Sotheby's before dealing from his own premises in Pall Mall. Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd, as it became known, traded from Ricket Street and later Seagrave Road in Fulham. In 2008 the business and all of the stock and Victorian cabinets were moved out of London to Walmer in Kent. On the eventual retirement of Brian and Mary Lloyd in 2014, with none of their family interested in taking over the business, the stock was sold and is now dispersed. [10, No Reserve] Extremely fine condition.
Eocene Period, 50-55 million years BP - Miocene Period, 23-5.3 million years BP. A group of two large fossil shark teeth comprising: one from Cosmopolitodus (Carcharodon) hastalis the extinct Giant White shark; one from Otodus obliquus from Morocco. 77 grams total, 60-81mm (2 1/4 - 3 1/4"). From the collection of the palaeontologist R. Gledhill; collected between 1930 and 1960. Cosmopolitodus (Carcharodon) hastalis is the largest of the Cosmopolitodus/Carcharodon lineage. The shark appeared in the Miocene Period and became extinct in the mid Pliocene.Cosmopolitodus hastalis have non-serrated teeth. The Otodus obliquus was the king of the early Eoceneand large examples of its teeth are not easily located in the phosphate pits in Atlas Mountains of Morocco. [2, No Reserve] Fine condition.
Eocene Period, 58-36 million years BP. A fossil fish Diplomystus from the Green River Formation, Lincoln County, Wyoming. 449 grams, 22cm (8 3/4"). From the Pradi Collection, Boston, USA; acquired during 1980s. In southwest Wyoming (and parts of Colorado and Utah) in the Green River Formation are found some of the world's most outstanding specimens of fossil fish. The Green River system was composed of three lakes: Lake Ulinta, Lake Gosiute and Fossil Lake. These Eocene Lakes lay in a series of intermountain basins formed by geological events that uplifted the Rocky Mountains during the early Tertiary time. The climate was much different from the desert-like climate of this area today. Both the fauna (crocodiles, alligators, boa constrictors and some subtropical fish families) and the flora (such as large palm trees) indicate a climate much like that found along the Gulf Coast today. Large amounts of ash found in the sediments indicate that volcanoes were particularly active at this time. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Eocene Period, 58-36 million years BP. A fossil fish Diplomystus from the Green River Formation, Lincoln County, Wyoming, USA. 2.3 kg, 32.5cm (12 3/4"). From the Pradi Collection, Boston, USA; acquired during 1980s. In southwest Wyoming (and parts of Colorado and Utah) in the Green River Formation are found some of the world's most outstanding specimens of fossil fish. The Green River system was composed of three lakes: Lake Ulinta, Lake Gosiute and Fossil Lake. These Eocene Lakes lay in a series of intermountain basins formed by geological events that uplifted the Rocky Mountains during the early Tertiary time. The climate was much different from the desert-like climate of this area today. Both the fauna (crocodiles, alligators, boa constrictors and some subtropical fish families) and the flora (such as large palm trees) indicate a climate much like that found along the Gulf Coast today. Large amounts of ash found in the sediments indicate that volcanoes were particularly active at this time. Fine condition.
Eocene Period, 58-36 million years BP. A fossil fish Diplomystus from the Green River Formation, Lincoln County, Wyoming, U.S.A. 447 grams, 15.5cm (6"). From the Pradi Collection, Boston, USA; acquired during 1980s. In southwest Wyoming (and parts of Colorado and Utah) in the Green River Formation are found some of the world's most outstanding specimens of fossil fish. The Green River system was composed of three lakes: Lake Ulinta, Lake Gosiute and Fossil Lake. These Eocene Lakes lay in a series of intermountain basins formed by geological events that uplifted the Rocky Mountains during the early Tertiary time. The climate was much different from the desert-like climate of this area today. Both the fauna (crocodiles, alligators, boa constrictors and some subtropical fish families) and the flora (such as large palm trees) indicate a climate much like that found along the Gulf Coast today. Large amounts of ash found in the sediments indicate that volcanoes were particularly active at this time. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Eocene Period, 58-36 million years BP. A group of three large fossil Knightia alta fish in matrix from Warfield's Quarry, Kemmerer, Green River Formation, Wyoming, U.S.A. 3.1 kg, 35cm (13 1/2"). From the Pradi Collection, Boston, USA; acquired during 1980s. In southwest Wyoming (and parts of Colorado and Utah) in the Green River Formation are found some of the world's most outstanding specimens of fossil fish. The Green River system was composed of three lakes: Lake Ulinta, Lake Gosiute and Fossil Lake. These Eocene Lakes lay in a series of intermountain basins formed by geological events that uplifted the Rocky Mountains during the early Tertiary time. The climate was much different from the desert-like climate of this area today. Both the fauna (crocodiles, alligators, boa constrictors and some subtropical fish families) and the flora (such as large palm trees) indicate a climate much like that found along the Gulf Coast today. Large amounts of ash found in the sediments indicate that volcanoes were particularly active at this time. Fine condition.
Eocene Period, 58-36 million years BP. A large fossil Knightia alta fish in matrix from Warfield's Quarry, Kemmerer, Green River Formation, Wyoming, U.S.A. 1.1 kg, 35cm (13 3/4"). From the Pradi Collection, Boston, USA; acquired during 1980s. In southwest Wyoming (and parts of Colorado and Utah) in the Green River Formation are found some of the world's most outstanding specimens of fossil fish. The Green River system was composed of three lakes: Lake Ulinta, Lake Gosiute and Fossil Lake. These Eocene lakes lay in a series of intermountain basins formed by geological events that uplifted the Rocky Mountains during the early Tertiary time. The climate was much different from the desert-like climate of this area today. Both the fauna (crocodiles, alligators, boa constrictors and some subtropical fish families) and the flora (such as large palm trees) indicate a climate much like that found along the Gulf Coast today. Large amounts of ash found in the sediments indicate that volcanoes were particularly active at this time. [No Reserve] Fine condition.
Eocene Period, 58-36 million years BP. Two fossil Knightia alta fish in matrix from Warfield's Quarry, Kemmerer, Green River Formation, Wyoming, U.S.A. 561 grams, 18cm (7"). From the Pradi Collection, Boston, USA; acquired during the 1980s. In southwest Wyoming (and parts of Colorado and Utah) in the Green River Formation are found some of the world's most outstanding specimens of fossil fish. The Green River system was composed of three lakes: Lake Ulinta, Lake Gosiute and Fossil Lake. These Eocene lakes lay in a series of intermountain basins formed by geological events that uplifted the Rocky Mountains during the early Tertiary time. The climate was much different from the desert-like climate of this area today. Both the fauna (crocodiles, alligators, boa constrictors and some subtropical fish families) and the flora (such as large palm trees) indicate a climate much like that found along the Gulf Coast today. Large amounts of ash found in the sediments indicate that volcanoes were particularly active at this time. [No Reserve] Fine condition.

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