504
Single Campaign Medals
Description
The extremely rare 5-clasp India General Service medal awarded to Brigadier R. W. G. ‘Tin-Eye’ Stephens, O.B.E., British Security Service (MI5), late 1/18 Royal Garhwal Rifles and 2/2 Gurkha Rifles, Chief Intelligence Officer and Commandant of the infamous Camp 020
India General Service 1908-35, 5 clasps, Afghanistan N.W.F. 1919, Waziristan 1919-21, Mahsud 1919-20, Malabar 1921-22, Waziristan 1921-24, with M.I.D. oak leaves (Lieut. R. W. G. Stephens, 2/2/Gks.) extremely fine and extremely rare £1800-2200
---
Provenance: Lieutenant-Colonel Kingsley Foster Collection, Glendining’s, December 1951 (bought Spink); John Tamplin Collection.
O.B.E., ungazetted, circa 1945.
M.I.D. London Gazette 12 June 1923: ‘For distinguished service during the operations in Waziristan, April 1921 to December 1921.’
Robin William George Stephens was born in Alexandria in 1900, the son of William Henry Stephens of the Ministry of Education, Egypt. He was educated at the Lycee Francais in Egypt and Dulwich College where he distinguished himself in rugby and athletics. He left school in April 1918 to be a cadet at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, then attended the Indian Army College at Quetta.
Service with the Indian Army
In April 1919, Stephens was commissioned into the Second Battalion of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles, forming part of 68 (Derajat) Brigade based at at Dera Ismail Khan. Just a month later the brigade was deployed in the Third Afghan War and the operations in Waziristan in 1919.
On 1 November 1919, Stephens was appointed Orderly officer to the C.O.C. Number 2 Sector, Lines of Communication, Manzai, and in this capacity took part in the campaign against the Mahsuds in the winter of 1919-20. This period saw the most fierce fighting of all the North West Frontier campaigns and casualties were heavy. For much of the period he served as Cipher Officer, an unpopular job usually allocated to the most junior officers. The job reportedly entailed sitting up late at night, coding and decoding messages by the light of a hissing hurricane lamp, no doubt hoping that the glow of the lamp would not provide too tempting a target for the tribal snipers. On 12 June 1920, Stephens was detached from his regiment and served as a G.S.O. 3 until 15 October 1921, and then again from 3 November to 27 December 1921, with the Wana Column in southern Waziristan. He was mentioned in despatches for his services in this campaign.
On 19 January 1922, Stephens transferred to the 39th Royal Garhwal Rifles. Early in 1922 the Garhwalis took part in the campaign on the Malabar coast against the Moploh rebels. The Malabar District lies on the south-west coast of India just to the north of Cochin, between the Western Ghat mountains and the Arabian Sea, and has been described as 'well off the beaten track' for the army in India. It is inhabited by the Moplohs, Moslems descended from Arab traders, who were vehemently anti-Hindu. After their leaders openly defied the Government in August 1921, police were sent to arrest the ring-leaders but were ambushed; a guerrilla war then broke out, in which up to 10,000 Moplohs were in the field. They concentrated on destroying railway facilities, forestry and tea plantation buildings, and attacking both civilians and the security forces. The Army responded by aggressive patrolling and succeeded in inflicting heavy casualties on the Moploh gangs. The larger gangs were broken up and, by the end of December, increasing numbers of rebels surrendered. By the end of February 1922 the civil authorities resumed charge and martial law was withdrawn.
In 1922 the British decided to occupy the Razmak plateau and establish a considerable base there. The plateau lay near the boundary of the Mahsud and Wazir tribes and was thus well-sited as a base for expeditions against either. The Razmak Force, assembled along the Tochi River and slowly advanced southwards as the road progressed. The final advance, in January 1923, took place in a blinding snowstorm. In order to punish the Mahsuds for their numerous outrages, it was decided to destroy Makin, a series of villages in a large basin of cultivated land. In February columns marched out of Razmak, set fire to the buildings and blew up stone watch-towers, the retaining walls of fields and water channels. The Mahsuds resisted vigorously.
On the 10th the 39th Garhwalis were engaged in an operation near two villages on the south side of the basin. The broken hills round the villages were covered in thick scrub and ravines full of dense undergrowth led down to the villages. This enabled parties of Mahsuds to infiltrate through the piquets and approach the destruction parties unseen. At around 1.30 p.m. a party of Mahsuds charged the Garhwalis from the scrub at a very short distance. The covering fire detachments were alert and cut them down with light machineguns. Shortly afterwards, another party armed with swords charged the flank and inflicted a few casualties. The withdrawal started at 2 p.m. and was completed before dark. Total casualties for the Makin column that day were four killed, thirteen wounded. Over the following days, the more inaccessible enemy villages were attacked by artillery fire and one was bombed. The column then returned to Razmak having suffered total casualties of forty-two killed and ninety-five wounded. The Mahsuds sued for peace and agreed to keep the peace at a jirga (tribal assembly) held in March 1923.
In April 1925, when Stephens was promoted Captain, he was serving with the 11th (Training) Battalion of the Regiment. He was appointed Quartermaster of the 10/18th Battalion on 15 September 1925.
On 15 May 1926, Stephens was appointed Commandant of the Muscat Levy Corps. Muscat was one of the Trucial States in what is now Oman. The Commanding Officer was an officer on attachment from the Indian Army, and the personnel were recruited from members of the recently disbanded Seistan Levy which, during the war, had operated on the borders of Baluchistan and Persia. As the Political Agent in Muscat explained, 'What is wanted is a small, highly paid and well-trained and loyal body of cut-throat mercenaries with no ties in the country in which they serve and no love for the Arab.'
In the final years of his service in the Indian Army Stephens specialised in military law; on 15 July 1929, he was officiating Deputy Assistant Judge Advocate General, Northern Command (India), and, on 27 June 1930, was employed in the same capacity in Army H.Q., India. Stephens resigned from the army in 1931. Probably this was prompted by financial problems for almost exactly a year later he filed for bankruptcy. He also had marital problems and divorced his wife for adultery.
Stephens returned to the United Kingdom in 1933, living at Farnham. Benefiting from his experience in military jurisprudence, he found employment of a legal nature in connection with Lincolns Inn, and collaborated in the compilation of ‘A Digest of the Laws and Evidence in Court Martial’. In his later application for the Security Service, Stephens stated that he played an unofficial role in the Abyssinian crisis of 1935-36, as a ...
India General Service 1908-35, 5 clasps, Afghanistan N.W.F. 1919, Waziristan 1919-21, Mahsud 1919-20, Malabar 1921-22, Waziristan 1921-24, with M.I.D. oak leaves (Lieut. R. W. G. Stephens, 2/2/Gks.) extremely fine and extremely rare £1800-2200
---
Provenance: Lieutenant-Colonel Kingsley Foster Collection, Glendining’s, December 1951 (bought Spink); John Tamplin Collection.
O.B.E., ungazetted, circa 1945.
M.I.D. London Gazette 12 June 1923: ‘For distinguished service during the operations in Waziristan, April 1921 to December 1921.’
Robin William George Stephens was born in Alexandria in 1900, the son of William Henry Stephens of the Ministry of Education, Egypt. He was educated at the Lycee Francais in Egypt and Dulwich College where he distinguished himself in rugby and athletics. He left school in April 1918 to be a cadet at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, then attended the Indian Army College at Quetta.
Service with the Indian Army
In April 1919, Stephens was commissioned into the Second Battalion of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles, forming part of 68 (Derajat) Brigade based at at Dera Ismail Khan. Just a month later the brigade was deployed in the Third Afghan War and the operations in Waziristan in 1919.
On 1 November 1919, Stephens was appointed Orderly officer to the C.O.C. Number 2 Sector, Lines of Communication, Manzai, and in this capacity took part in the campaign against the Mahsuds in the winter of 1919-20. This period saw the most fierce fighting of all the North West Frontier campaigns and casualties were heavy. For much of the period he served as Cipher Officer, an unpopular job usually allocated to the most junior officers. The job reportedly entailed sitting up late at night, coding and decoding messages by the light of a hissing hurricane lamp, no doubt hoping that the glow of the lamp would not provide too tempting a target for the tribal snipers. On 12 June 1920, Stephens was detached from his regiment and served as a G.S.O. 3 until 15 October 1921, and then again from 3 November to 27 December 1921, with the Wana Column in southern Waziristan. He was mentioned in despatches for his services in this campaign.
On 19 January 1922, Stephens transferred to the 39th Royal Garhwal Rifles. Early in 1922 the Garhwalis took part in the campaign on the Malabar coast against the Moploh rebels. The Malabar District lies on the south-west coast of India just to the north of Cochin, between the Western Ghat mountains and the Arabian Sea, and has been described as 'well off the beaten track' for the army in India. It is inhabited by the Moplohs, Moslems descended from Arab traders, who were vehemently anti-Hindu. After their leaders openly defied the Government in August 1921, police were sent to arrest the ring-leaders but were ambushed; a guerrilla war then broke out, in which up to 10,000 Moplohs were in the field. They concentrated on destroying railway facilities, forestry and tea plantation buildings, and attacking both civilians and the security forces. The Army responded by aggressive patrolling and succeeded in inflicting heavy casualties on the Moploh gangs. The larger gangs were broken up and, by the end of December, increasing numbers of rebels surrendered. By the end of February 1922 the civil authorities resumed charge and martial law was withdrawn.
In 1922 the British decided to occupy the Razmak plateau and establish a considerable base there. The plateau lay near the boundary of the Mahsud and Wazir tribes and was thus well-sited as a base for expeditions against either. The Razmak Force, assembled along the Tochi River and slowly advanced southwards as the road progressed. The final advance, in January 1923, took place in a blinding snowstorm. In order to punish the Mahsuds for their numerous outrages, it was decided to destroy Makin, a series of villages in a large basin of cultivated land. In February columns marched out of Razmak, set fire to the buildings and blew up stone watch-towers, the retaining walls of fields and water channels. The Mahsuds resisted vigorously.
On the 10th the 39th Garhwalis were engaged in an operation near two villages on the south side of the basin. The broken hills round the villages were covered in thick scrub and ravines full of dense undergrowth led down to the villages. This enabled parties of Mahsuds to infiltrate through the piquets and approach the destruction parties unseen. At around 1.30 p.m. a party of Mahsuds charged the Garhwalis from the scrub at a very short distance. The covering fire detachments were alert and cut them down with light machineguns. Shortly afterwards, another party armed with swords charged the flank and inflicted a few casualties. The withdrawal started at 2 p.m. and was completed before dark. Total casualties for the Makin column that day were four killed, thirteen wounded. Over the following days, the more inaccessible enemy villages were attacked by artillery fire and one was bombed. The column then returned to Razmak having suffered total casualties of forty-two killed and ninety-five wounded. The Mahsuds sued for peace and agreed to keep the peace at a jirga (tribal assembly) held in March 1923.
In April 1925, when Stephens was promoted Captain, he was serving with the 11th (Training) Battalion of the Regiment. He was appointed Quartermaster of the 10/18th Battalion on 15 September 1925.
On 15 May 1926, Stephens was appointed Commandant of the Muscat Levy Corps. Muscat was one of the Trucial States in what is now Oman. The Commanding Officer was an officer on attachment from the Indian Army, and the personnel were recruited from members of the recently disbanded Seistan Levy which, during the war, had operated on the borders of Baluchistan and Persia. As the Political Agent in Muscat explained, 'What is wanted is a small, highly paid and well-trained and loyal body of cut-throat mercenaries with no ties in the country in which they serve and no love for the Arab.'
In the final years of his service in the Indian Army Stephens specialised in military law; on 15 July 1929, he was officiating Deputy Assistant Judge Advocate General, Northern Command (India), and, on 27 June 1930, was employed in the same capacity in Army H.Q., India. Stephens resigned from the army in 1931. Probably this was prompted by financial problems for almost exactly a year later he filed for bankruptcy. He also had marital problems and divorced his wife for adultery.
Stephens returned to the United Kingdom in 1933, living at Farnham. Benefiting from his experience in military jurisprudence, he found employment of a legal nature in connection with Lincolns Inn, and collaborated in the compilation of ‘A Digest of the Laws and Evidence in Court Martial’. In his later application for the Security Service, Stephens stated that he played an unofficial role in the Abyssinian crisis of 1935-36, as a ...
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The extremely rare 5-clasp India General Service medal awarded to Brigadier R. W. G. ‘Tin-Eye’ Stephens, O.B.E., British Security Service (MI5), late 1/18 Royal Garhwal Rifles and 2/2 Gurkha Rifles, Chief Intelligence Officer and Commandant of the infamous Camp 020
India General Service 1908-35, 5 clasps, Afghanistan N.W.F. 1919, Waziristan 1919-21, Mahsud 1919-20, Malabar 1921-22, Waziristan 1921-24, with M.I.D. oak leaves (Lieut. R. W. G. Stephens, 2/2/Gks.) extremely fine and extremely rare £1800-2200
---
Provenance: Lieutenant-Colonel Kingsley Foster Collection, Glendining’s, December 1951 (bought Spink); John Tamplin Collection.
O.B.E., ungazetted, circa 1945.
M.I.D. London Gazette 12 June 1923: ‘For distinguished service during the operations in Waziristan, April 1921 to December 1921.’
Robin William George Stephens was born in Alexandria in 1900, the son of William Henry Stephens of the Ministry of Education, Egypt. He was educated at the Lycee Francais in Egypt and Dulwich College where he distinguished himself in rugby and athletics. He left school in April 1918 to be a cadet at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, then attended the Indian Army College at Quetta.
Service with the Indian Army
In April 1919, Stephens was commissioned into the Second Battalion of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles, forming part of 68 (Derajat) Brigade based at at Dera Ismail Khan. Just a month later the brigade was deployed in the Third Afghan War and the operations in Waziristan in 1919.
On 1 November 1919, Stephens was appointed Orderly officer to the C.O.C. Number 2 Sector, Lines of Communication, Manzai, and in this capacity took part in the campaign against the Mahsuds in the winter of 1919-20. This period saw the most fierce fighting of all the North West Frontier campaigns and casualties were heavy. For much of the period he served as Cipher Officer, an unpopular job usually allocated to the most junior officers. The job reportedly entailed sitting up late at night, coding and decoding messages by the light of a hissing hurricane lamp, no doubt hoping that the glow of the lamp would not provide too tempting a target for the tribal snipers. On 12 June 1920, Stephens was detached from his regiment and served as a G.S.O. 3 until 15 October 1921, and then again from 3 November to 27 December 1921, with the Wana Column in southern Waziristan. He was mentioned in despatches for his services in this campaign.
On 19 January 1922, Stephens transferred to the 39th Royal Garhwal Rifles. Early in 1922 the Garhwalis took part in the campaign on the Malabar coast against the Moploh rebels. The Malabar District lies on the south-west coast of India just to the north of Cochin, between the Western Ghat mountains and the Arabian Sea, and has been described as 'well off the beaten track' for the army in India. It is inhabited by the Moplohs, Moslems descended from Arab traders, who were vehemently anti-Hindu. After their leaders openly defied the Government in August 1921, police were sent to arrest the ring-leaders but were ambushed; a guerrilla war then broke out, in which up to 10,000 Moplohs were in the field. They concentrated on destroying railway facilities, forestry and tea plantation buildings, and attacking both civilians and the security forces. The Army responded by aggressive patrolling and succeeded in inflicting heavy casualties on the Moploh gangs. The larger gangs were broken up and, by the end of December, increasing numbers of rebels surrendered. By the end of February 1922 the civil authorities resumed charge and martial law was withdrawn.
In 1922 the British decided to occupy the Razmak plateau and establish a considerable base there. The plateau lay near the boundary of the Mahsud and Wazir tribes and was thus well-sited as a base for expeditions against either. The Razmak Force, assembled along the Tochi River and slowly advanced southwards as the road progressed. The final advance, in January 1923, took place in a blinding snowstorm. In order to punish the Mahsuds for their numerous outrages, it was decided to destroy Makin, a series of villages in a large basin of cultivated land. In February columns marched out of Razmak, set fire to the buildings and blew up stone watch-towers, the retaining walls of fields and water channels. The Mahsuds resisted vigorously.
On the 10th the 39th Garhwalis were engaged in an operation near two villages on the south side of the basin. The broken hills round the villages were covered in thick scrub and ravines full of dense undergrowth led down to the villages. This enabled parties of Mahsuds to infiltrate through the piquets and approach the destruction parties unseen. At around 1.30 p.m. a party of Mahsuds charged the Garhwalis from the scrub at a very short distance. The covering fire detachments were alert and cut them down with light machineguns. Shortly afterwards, another party armed with swords charged the flank and inflicted a few casualties. The withdrawal started at 2 p.m. and was completed before dark. Total casualties for the Makin column that day were four killed, thirteen wounded. Over the following days, the more inaccessible enemy villages were attacked by artillery fire and one was bombed. The column then returned to Razmak having suffered total casualties of forty-two killed and ninety-five wounded. The Mahsuds sued for peace and agreed to keep the peace at a jirga (tribal assembly) held in March 1923.
In April 1925, when Stephens was promoted Captain, he was serving with the 11th (Training) Battalion of the Regiment. He was appointed Quartermaster of the 10/18th Battalion on 15 September 1925.
On 15 May 1926, Stephens was appointed Commandant of the Muscat Levy Corps. Muscat was one of the Trucial States in what is now Oman. The Commanding Officer was an officer on attachment from the Indian Army, and the personnel were recruited from members of the recently disbanded Seistan Levy which, during the war, had operated on the borders of Baluchistan and Persia. As the Political Agent in Muscat explained, 'What is wanted is a small, highly paid and well-trained and loyal body of cut-throat mercenaries with no ties in the country in which they serve and no love for the Arab.'
In the final years of his service in the Indian Army Stephens specialised in military law; on 15 July 1929, he was officiating Deputy Assistant Judge Advocate General, Northern Command (India), and, on 27 June 1930, was employed in the same capacity in Army H.Q., India. Stephens resigned from the army in 1931. Probably this was prompted by financial problems for almost exactly a year later he filed for bankruptcy. He also had marital problems and divorced his wife for adultery.
Stephens returned to the United Kingdom in 1933, living at Farnham. Benefiting from his experience in military jurisprudence, he found employment of a legal nature in connection with Lincolns Inn, and collaborated in the compilation of ‘A Digest of the Laws and Evidence in Court Martial’. In his later application for the Security Service, Stephens stated that he played an unofficial role in the Abyssinian crisis of 1935-36, as a ...
India General Service 1908-35, 5 clasps, Afghanistan N.W.F. 1919, Waziristan 1919-21, Mahsud 1919-20, Malabar 1921-22, Waziristan 1921-24, with M.I.D. oak leaves (Lieut. R. W. G. Stephens, 2/2/Gks.) extremely fine and extremely rare £1800-2200
---
Provenance: Lieutenant-Colonel Kingsley Foster Collection, Glendining’s, December 1951 (bought Spink); John Tamplin Collection.
O.B.E., ungazetted, circa 1945.
M.I.D. London Gazette 12 June 1923: ‘For distinguished service during the operations in Waziristan, April 1921 to December 1921.’
Robin William George Stephens was born in Alexandria in 1900, the son of William Henry Stephens of the Ministry of Education, Egypt. He was educated at the Lycee Francais in Egypt and Dulwich College where he distinguished himself in rugby and athletics. He left school in April 1918 to be a cadet at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, then attended the Indian Army College at Quetta.
Service with the Indian Army
In April 1919, Stephens was commissioned into the Second Battalion of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles, forming part of 68 (Derajat) Brigade based at at Dera Ismail Khan. Just a month later the brigade was deployed in the Third Afghan War and the operations in Waziristan in 1919.
On 1 November 1919, Stephens was appointed Orderly officer to the C.O.C. Number 2 Sector, Lines of Communication, Manzai, and in this capacity took part in the campaign against the Mahsuds in the winter of 1919-20. This period saw the most fierce fighting of all the North West Frontier campaigns and casualties were heavy. For much of the period he served as Cipher Officer, an unpopular job usually allocated to the most junior officers. The job reportedly entailed sitting up late at night, coding and decoding messages by the light of a hissing hurricane lamp, no doubt hoping that the glow of the lamp would not provide too tempting a target for the tribal snipers. On 12 June 1920, Stephens was detached from his regiment and served as a G.S.O. 3 until 15 October 1921, and then again from 3 November to 27 December 1921, with the Wana Column in southern Waziristan. He was mentioned in despatches for his services in this campaign.
On 19 January 1922, Stephens transferred to the 39th Royal Garhwal Rifles. Early in 1922 the Garhwalis took part in the campaign on the Malabar coast against the Moploh rebels. The Malabar District lies on the south-west coast of India just to the north of Cochin, between the Western Ghat mountains and the Arabian Sea, and has been described as 'well off the beaten track' for the army in India. It is inhabited by the Moplohs, Moslems descended from Arab traders, who were vehemently anti-Hindu. After their leaders openly defied the Government in August 1921, police were sent to arrest the ring-leaders but were ambushed; a guerrilla war then broke out, in which up to 10,000 Moplohs were in the field. They concentrated on destroying railway facilities, forestry and tea plantation buildings, and attacking both civilians and the security forces. The Army responded by aggressive patrolling and succeeded in inflicting heavy casualties on the Moploh gangs. The larger gangs were broken up and, by the end of December, increasing numbers of rebels surrendered. By the end of February 1922 the civil authorities resumed charge and martial law was withdrawn.
In 1922 the British decided to occupy the Razmak plateau and establish a considerable base there. The plateau lay near the boundary of the Mahsud and Wazir tribes and was thus well-sited as a base for expeditions against either. The Razmak Force, assembled along the Tochi River and slowly advanced southwards as the road progressed. The final advance, in January 1923, took place in a blinding snowstorm. In order to punish the Mahsuds for their numerous outrages, it was decided to destroy Makin, a series of villages in a large basin of cultivated land. In February columns marched out of Razmak, set fire to the buildings and blew up stone watch-towers, the retaining walls of fields and water channels. The Mahsuds resisted vigorously.
On the 10th the 39th Garhwalis were engaged in an operation near two villages on the south side of the basin. The broken hills round the villages were covered in thick scrub and ravines full of dense undergrowth led down to the villages. This enabled parties of Mahsuds to infiltrate through the piquets and approach the destruction parties unseen. At around 1.30 p.m. a party of Mahsuds charged the Garhwalis from the scrub at a very short distance. The covering fire detachments were alert and cut them down with light machineguns. Shortly afterwards, another party armed with swords charged the flank and inflicted a few casualties. The withdrawal started at 2 p.m. and was completed before dark. Total casualties for the Makin column that day were four killed, thirteen wounded. Over the following days, the more inaccessible enemy villages were attacked by artillery fire and one was bombed. The column then returned to Razmak having suffered total casualties of forty-two killed and ninety-five wounded. The Mahsuds sued for peace and agreed to keep the peace at a jirga (tribal assembly) held in March 1923.
In April 1925, when Stephens was promoted Captain, he was serving with the 11th (Training) Battalion of the Regiment. He was appointed Quartermaster of the 10/18th Battalion on 15 September 1925.
On 15 May 1926, Stephens was appointed Commandant of the Muscat Levy Corps. Muscat was one of the Trucial States in what is now Oman. The Commanding Officer was an officer on attachment from the Indian Army, and the personnel were recruited from members of the recently disbanded Seistan Levy which, during the war, had operated on the borders of Baluchistan and Persia. As the Political Agent in Muscat explained, 'What is wanted is a small, highly paid and well-trained and loyal body of cut-throat mercenaries with no ties in the country in which they serve and no love for the Arab.'
In the final years of his service in the Indian Army Stephens specialised in military law; on 15 July 1929, he was officiating Deputy Assistant Judge Advocate General, Northern Command (India), and, on 27 June 1930, was employed in the same capacity in Army H.Q., India. Stephens resigned from the army in 1931. Probably this was prompted by financial problems for almost exactly a year later he filed for bankruptcy. He also had marital problems and divorced his wife for adultery.
Stephens returned to the United Kingdom in 1933, living at Farnham. Benefiting from his experience in military jurisprudence, he found employment of a legal nature in connection with Lincolns Inn, and collaborated in the compilation of ‘A Digest of the Laws and Evidence in Court Martial’. In his later application for the Security Service, Stephens stated that he played an unofficial role in the Abyssinian crisis of 1935-36, as a ...
This lot description has been truncated In order to view full details and any additional images for this lot as well as place advanced bids or bid live, please click here to view this lot on the auctioneer's website
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