922
PASTEUR LOUIS: (1822-1895) French chemist and microbiologist.
1/6
Beschreibung
PASTEUR LOUIS: (1822-1895) French chemist and microbiologist. A good autograph manuscript in the hand of Pasteur, unsigned, eight pages, 8vo, Lille, n.d. (c.1855), on the printed stationery of the Science Faculty at the Douai Academy, in French. The manuscript, with extensive corrections and deletions, is the draft of an important address Pasteur delivered to the Academic Council of the North as first Dean of the new Faculty of Sciences at Lille, regarding the reform of secondary education which had been imposed by the Fortoul ministry to ensure the equality of scientific and literary fields, stating, in part, 'In the almost unanimous tendency of the Council to blame the new study plan or at least to desire substantial modifications, I ask to make a few observations and to submit a few reservations. I can hardly believe that its legislators, acting at the start of a new reign, under the circumstances that everyone knows, in the middle of a century which scientific discoveries have transformed and will mark in the following ages of a ineffaceable sign, I can hardly believe I say that the legislators of the new study plan under the inspiration of a great politician, only have in view the more or less advanced science of the student who leaves the benches of college and its relative strength in an exam. They probably thought more of the man than of the child, of society than of college, of the century and its tendencies than of examination. And yet the method has been placed above the man, and the evaluation of the teaching staff has weakened since the application of the study plan', Pasteur continuing to enumerate the causes of this weakness, '1. The creation of departmental academies suddenly removed a number of distinguished professors. 2. The creation of many new faculties has led to the same result. 3. The modifications which obliged the pupils of the Normal School to have a two-year internship before undergoing the tests of the aggregation ... have seriously prejudiced a good recruitment of this School. 4. The number of professors has suddenly increased greatly in the field of science. We had to take very inexperienced teachers…..so the best teachers came out of high schools and colleges, even though we introduced the study of mechanics, cosmography, botany, zoology, and that for needs of the service, the history teachers were forced to teach logic or grammar, the professor of philosophy, rhetoric, and professor of mathematics, physics or natural history…..Conferences imposed on masters absorbed their leisure, and exhausted their zeal. Finally, what imperiously demanded the talent and experience of the masters was the study plan itself. One of the characteristics of this system is the sequence of successive studies, the solidarity of the teachings of the various teachers. From there these programs stopped imposed, down to the smallest details. But what is the use of indicating subjects without the in-depth knowledge of the science they are dealing with. How to choose when you don't have the taste for form. Who does not know that the summaries that new programs assume want more skilled teachers and require facts and theories. It is enough to cast eyes on the famous instruction of November 1854 to be convinced…..that the real reforms to be made must apply today to the teaching staff, and that what should attract above all the attention of the authority is the higher normal school and in general the recruitment of teaching staff....' VG In 1854, Pasteur was named Dean of the new faculty of sciences at the University of Lille, where he began his studies on fermentation. It was on this occasion that Pasteur uttered his oft-quoted remark 'dans les champs de l'observation, le hasard ne favorise que les esprits prepares' ('in the field of observation, chance favours only the prepared mind').
Auktionsdetails
Versand
AGB & Wichtige Informationen
Stellen Sie dem Verkäufer eine Frage
PASTEUR LOUIS: (1822-1895) French chemist and microbiologist. A good autograph manuscript in the hand of Pasteur, unsigned, eight pages, 8vo, Lille, n.d. (c.1855), on the printed stationery of the Science Faculty at the Douai Academy, in French. The manuscript, with extensive corrections and deletions, is the draft of an important address Pasteur delivered to the Academic Council of the North as first Dean of the new Faculty of Sciences at Lille, regarding the reform of secondary education which had been imposed by the Fortoul ministry to ensure the equality of scientific and literary fields, stating, in part, 'In the almost unanimous tendency of the Council to blame the new study plan or at least to desire substantial modifications, I ask to make a few observations and to submit a few reservations. I can hardly believe that its legislators, acting at the start of a new reign, under the circumstances that everyone knows, in the middle of a century which scientific discoveries have transformed and will mark in the following ages of a ineffaceable sign, I can hardly believe I say that the legislators of the new study plan under the inspiration of a great politician, only have in view the more or less advanced science of the student who leaves the benches of college and its relative strength in an exam. They probably thought more of the man than of the child, of society than of college, of the century and its tendencies than of examination. And yet the method has been placed above the man, and the evaluation of the teaching staff has weakened since the application of the study plan', Pasteur continuing to enumerate the causes of this weakness, '1. The creation of departmental academies suddenly removed a number of distinguished professors. 2. The creation of many new faculties has led to the same result. 3. The modifications which obliged the pupils of the Normal School to have a two-year internship before undergoing the tests of the aggregation ... have seriously prejudiced a good recruitment of this School. 4. The number of professors has suddenly increased greatly in the field of science. We had to take very inexperienced teachers…..so the best teachers came out of high schools and colleges, even though we introduced the study of mechanics, cosmography, botany, zoology, and that for needs of the service, the history teachers were forced to teach logic or grammar, the professor of philosophy, rhetoric, and professor of mathematics, physics or natural history…..Conferences imposed on masters absorbed their leisure, and exhausted their zeal. Finally, what imperiously demanded the talent and experience of the masters was the study plan itself. One of the characteristics of this system is the sequence of successive studies, the solidarity of the teachings of the various teachers. From there these programs stopped imposed, down to the smallest details. But what is the use of indicating subjects without the in-depth knowledge of the science they are dealing with. How to choose when you don't have the taste for form. Who does not know that the summaries that new programs assume want more skilled teachers and require facts and theories. It is enough to cast eyes on the famous instruction of November 1854 to be convinced…..that the real reforms to be made must apply today to the teaching staff, and that what should attract above all the attention of the authority is the higher normal school and in general the recruitment of teaching staff....' VG In 1854, Pasteur was named Dean of the new faculty of sciences at the University of Lille, where he began his studies on fermentation. It was on this occasion that Pasteur uttered his oft-quoted remark 'dans les champs de l'observation, le hasard ne favorise que les esprits prepares' ('in the field of observation, chance favours only the prepared mind').
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, MANUSCRIPTS & HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AUCTION
Auktionsdatum
Lose: 550
Lose: 500
Lose: 450
Ort der Versteigerung
El Real del Campanario
num.12 Bajo B
Estepona
Malaga
29688
Spain
IAA Europe offer an in house shipping service for the convenience of buyers. Lots are securely packed and shipped via courier with full tracking details which will be supplied upon despatch.
In the majority of cases buyers from the United Kingdoim will receive their packages via the Royal Mail from within England.
Your invoice will include postage, packing and insurance charges.
Wichtige Informationen
Day One - Lots 1 - 550
Day Two - Lots 551- 1050
Day Three- Lots 1051- 1500
Bidding at the auction will be online only.
We offer in house shipping to worldwide destinations.
AGB
Buyers Terms & Conditions
1. Interpretation
1.1. "Auctioneers" means " International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. "
1.2. "Catalogue" means the brochure relating to a sale (including any addendum thereto) and any other related documents and advertisements.
1.3. "Conditions" means these terms and conditions of sale
1.4. "Hammer Price" means the price at which a lot is knocked down by the Auctioneers to the Purchaser.
1.5. "Purchaser" means the person who purchases a lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.6. "Seller" means the person who is selling the lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.7. "VAT" means Value Added Tax.
2. Bidding
2.1. The highest bidder for each lot shall be the Purchaser of that lot.
2.2. No person shall be entitled to retract a bid. The Auctioneers reserve the right of refusing any bid without giving any reason and of altering, adding to, dividing, consolidating or withdrawing any lot or lots for sale.
2.3. The Auctioneers reserve the right to fix a reserve price for any lot at a figure no higher than the lower estimate.
2.4. The Auctioneers reserve the right to bid on behalf of the Seller on lots which are subject to a reserve price. The Seller shall not be entitled to bid where the Auctioneers have reserved such a right.
2.5. In the case of a dispute as to any bid the Auctioneers may immediately determine the dispute or put up the lot again at the last undisputed bid or withdraw the lot.
2.6. The Auctioneers will accept written commission bids free of charge from any person who is unable to attend the sale. Bids will also be accepted by telephone and fax at the sender's risk.
2.7. Lots will not normally be sold at less than two-thirds bottom estimate.
3. Payment
3.1. Each Purchaser shall give in his name and address and proof of identity (if required) to the Auctioneers at a sale and shall if required pay such deposit as the Auctioneers may specify.
3.2. The Purchaser shall pay the Hammer Price together with a premium of 27.25% on the Hammer Price (this amount includes VAT and must not be shown separately or claimed as input tax). By the making of any bid the Purchaser acknowledges that his attention had been drawn to this fact and that he assents to the Auctioneers receiving the said commission. A 22.5% premium will be payable by Purchasers outside the European Union (EU). Zero-rated goods such as books will be subject to a premium of 22.5% whether within or outside the EU unless entered by a VAT registered Seller.
3.3. Payments for lots must be made in cash, bankers draft or cheque guaranteed by the bank upon which it is drawn. Lots will not be released against cheques from Purchasers unknown to the Auctioneers until cleared by such Purchaser's bank. Payment is accepted by Visa and Mastercard. A surcharge of 3% plus VAT will be levied to accounts settled by credit cards for non EU buyers. Payment is also accepted by most debit cards with no surcharge.
3.4. Overseas clients are requested to settle accounts by USA Dollars or Sterling bank transfer (details upon request), by Euro cheques, by Visa or Mastercard (a surcharge of 3% plus VAT [clients outside the EU exempt from VAT] will be levied to accounts settled by this method) or if payment is made on personal accounts in foreign currency the client is requested to add the equivalent of a further €10 to cover bank conversion charges. The Auctioneer reserves the right to claim back from the Purchasers any shortfall due to bank charges or currency fluctuations on that account.
3.5. No lots will be released by the Auctioneers until receipt of payment in full from the Purchaser.
4. Risk
4.1. All lots shall be the sole risk of the Purchaser from the fall of the hammer.
4.2. The Purchaser shall take all lots in the condition in which he finds them. It is the responsibility of all intending Purchasers to satisfy themselves by inspection or otherwise as to the authenticity in the authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot.
5. Liability
5.1. Neither the Seller of any lot nor the Auctioneers make or give nor has any person in the employment of the Auctioneers any authority to make or give any representation or warranty in relation to any lot and any implied conditions or warranties are excluded.
5.2. All statements contained in the Catalogue as to the authenticity, attribution, genuineness, origin, authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot are statements of opinion only and are not to be taken as or implying statements or representations of fact. Lots are sold subject to all faults and errors in description or otherwise.
5.3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 5.1. and 5.2. of these Conditions in the event of a dispute as to authenticity of any lot(s) the item or items in question should be returned to the Auctioneers within 21 days of receipt by the Purchaser of such lot(s) together with a formal statement by a recognised expert The Auctioneers shall at their option and without admission of liability reimburse the price paid by the Purchaser in respect of such lot(s). This does not constitute an approval service.
5.4. Neither the Auctioneers nor the Seller shall be responsible for any loss, damage or injury occasioned to or sustained by any person on the premises before, during or after a sale save in respect of death or personal injury caused by negligence of the Seller or the Auctioneers.
6. Capacity of Auctioneers
For all purposes of a sale the Auctioneers shall be deemed to be the agent of both the Seller and the Purchaser and they shall not be considered responsible for any default on the part of either the Seller or Purchaser.
7. Delivery
7.1. Lots will only be released once payment in full has been received from the Purchaser.
7.2 An insurance charge of 1% plus VAT will be applied to all invoices for packages sent from our offices
7.3. Postage is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU
7.4. The Auctioneers will provide full customs declarations on the Hammer Price plus the Purchaser's premium and Purchaser's shall be responsible for any customs charges made by the country of import.
7.5. A charge will be made for the packing & shipping of deliveries which is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU.
8. Auctioneers Remedies
In the event that the Purchaser fails to pay for any lot(s) in full pursuant to these Conditions then the Auctioneers shall be entitled:
8.1. to rescind the sale of the relevant lot(s)
8.2. to resell the lot(s) without further notice either by public or private sale and the deficiency (if any) arising from such second sale together with all charges and expenses relating to the same shall be the responsibility of the defaulting Purchaser and shall be recoverable as and for liquidated damages.
9. Jurisdiction
These Conditions shall be governed by Spanish law and the parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Spanish courts.
Online Bidding
International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. offer an online bidding service for bidders who cannot attend the sale, however please be advised that a charge of 3% + VAT is chargeable on all purchases made through any of the online bidding facilities offered.
In completing the bidder registration and providing your credit card details and unless alternative arrangements are agreed with International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L.
1. You authorise International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L., if they so wish, to charge the credit card given in part or full payment, including all fees, for items successfully purchased in the auction, and
2. confirm that you are authorised to provide these credit card details to International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. and agree that International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. are entitled to ship the goods to the card holder name and card holder address provided in fulfillment of the sale.
3. confirm that you accept that an additional charge of 3% + VAT will be applied to your invoice for use of an online bidding facility
